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Problems Based On NTH Root of Unity

The document discusses nth roots of unity and proves an identity involving them. It begins by defining the nth roots of unity as the solutions to the equation zn = 1. It then proves that (z - 1)n = (z - 1)(1 + z + z2 + ... + zn-1) by showing the roots of 1 + z + z2 + ... + zn-1 are the nth roots of unity, and using the factor theorem to factor the polynomial. When n is even, it further simplifies the expression by using properties of complex conjugates of the roots.

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Shehbaz Thakur
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241 views

Problems Based On NTH Root of Unity

The document discusses nth roots of unity and proves an identity involving them. It begins by defining the nth roots of unity as the solutions to the equation zn = 1. It then proves that (z - 1)n = (z - 1)(1 + z + z2 + ... + zn-1) by showing the roots of 1 + z + z2 + ... + zn-1 are the nth roots of unity, and using the factor theorem to factor the polynomial. When n is even, it further simplifies the expression by using properties of complex conjugates of the roots.

Uploaded by

Shehbaz Thakur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problems based on nth root of unity

The roots of the equation

1, , , ......

zn 1

are

cis

n 1

where

n 1
n
2
n1
sin
.....sin
n
2
n
n

sin
Q: To prove that

z 1 z 1 1 z z
n

z 3 ...... z n 1 0

Proof:

1 z z 2 ..... z n1 0 has roots , 2 .... n1


The equation

. So by factor theorem

z ,

z , ..... z
n1

its factors will be

Hence the polynomial

1 z z 2 z 3 ... z n1 z z 2

Now

nk

is the complex conjugate of

z .... z
n 1

as shown in the figure

The product of

z z z z
z z cis 2k / n cis 2k / n 1
z 2 z cos 2 k / n 1
k

nk

2
2

So If n is even then

n k

n
1
2

1 z z 2 .... z n1 z 1 z 2 2 z cos 2k / n 1
k 1

Put z = 1 we get
n
1
2

n 2 2 2cos 2 k / n
k 1

. Now let n = 2m therefore


m 1

n 2 4sin 2 k / n
k 1

m1

n
2 4

m 1

2 2n2

sin 2 k / n
k 1

sin 2 / n sin 2 2 / n ....sin 2 1 / n


2

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