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Generador Senoidal

The document discusses oscillators and how they generate periodic signals by converting DC power from a power supply into AC signal power without needing an AC input source. It describes linear oscillators and the Barkhausen criterion for oscillation. It provides examples of oscillator circuits including a Wien bridge oscillator and discusses methods for stabilizing the amplitude of oscillation such as using a potentiometer, lamp, or diodes.

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Dandy Chavez
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44 views15 pages

Generador Senoidal

The document discusses oscillators and how they generate periodic signals by converting DC power from a power supply into AC signal power without needing an AC input source. It describes linear oscillators and the Barkhausen criterion for oscillation. It provides examples of oscillator circuits including a Wien bridge oscillator and discusses methods for stabilizing the amplitude of oscillation such as using a potentiometer, lamp, or diodes.

Uploaded by

Dandy Chavez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Part C Oscillators
Slides taken from:
A.R. Hambley, Electronics, Prentice Hall,
2/e, 2000

Oscillators
z

Oscillators are circuits that generate periodic


signals
An oscillator converts DC power from the power
supply into AC signal power spontaneously without the need for an AC input source

Figure 9.67 Repetitive ramp waveform.

Linear Oscillators

Figure 9.68 A linear oscillator is formed by connecting an amplifier and


a feedback network in a loop.

Barkhausen Criterion

Figure 9.69 Linear oscillator with external signal Xin injected.

Barkhausen Criterion

How does the oscillation get started?

Noise signals and the transients associated


with the circuit turning on provide the initial
source signal that initiate the oscillation

Practical Design Considerations


z

Usually, oscillators are designed so that the loop gain


magnitude is slightly higher than unity at the desired
frequency of oscillation

This is done because if we designed for unity loop


gain magnitude a slight reduction in gain would result
in oscillations that die to zero

The drawback is that the oscillation will be will be


slightly distorted (the higher gain results in oscillation
that grows up to the point that will be clipped)
7

Example of Oscillator circuit (1)

Figure 9.70 Typical linear oscillator.

Example of Oscillator circuit (2)

Figure 9.71 Feedback network. Note that the input to the network
is on the right-hand side and the response is on the left-hand side.

Wien-Bridge Oscillator

Figure 9.73 Wien-bridge oscillator.

10

Wien-Bridge oscillator output

Figure 9.75 Example of output voltage of the oscillator.

11

Methods for Amplitude Stabilization


z

In a linear oscillator, amplitude stabilization below the


amplifier clipping level is needed to reduce distortion

We can reduce the amount of distortion by reducing the


amplifier gain
However, if the gain becomes too small the oscillations
die out

z
z

Several approaches can be used to resolve the conflict


The easiest approach is to make the gain adjustable by
using a potentiometer in place of the resistors that
determine the gain
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HP way to Amplitude Stabilization

Figure 9.76 Oscillation amplitude can be stabilized within the linear


range of the op amp by substituting a low-power lamp for R1.

13

Amplitude Stabilization with diodes

Figure 9.77 Amplitude stabilized Wien-bridge oscillator.

14

Amplitude Stabilization with diodes

Figure 9.78 Output voltage of the oscillator of Figure 9.77.

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