Negative Dissipation Factor
Issue
Sometimes negative DF values at high frequencies (f > 10 Hz)
Usuallyy not at low frequencies,
q
so water analysis
y not affected
Reasons
Small measured capacitance
p
and
large guard capacitance
Inductance of coils
High guard currents (dirty bushings)
DF
1.000
0 500
0.500
0.0100
0
0100
0.005
Solution
Connect both guards of measurement
cables and maybe additional wire
Decrease guard current (clean bushings,
disconnect all devices)
Check
C
ratio off capacitances
(measure adjacent windings)
February 2,
2011
Page: 1
CHL
0.100
0.050
0.001
0.010
0.100
1.000
10.000
f/Hz
Dissipation Factor
I
IR
R
A Dielectric can be modeled by:
Capacitance
p
Resistance (losses)
IC
C
Im I
R
IC
Dissipation factor
Tangent of angle between
sum current I and capacitive
current IC
Quality of a dielectric
U
February 2,
2011
Re
Page: 2
Explaination of Negative Dissipation Factor
Due to leakage currents over CH and CL
a frequency dependent bridge is formed.
Resonances depending on impedances of the network!
February 2,
2011
Page: 3
Explaination of Negative Dissipation Factor
A negative dissipation factor mainly appears:
- if CL and CH are high in relation to CHL
- if the guard resistance and
input resistance of the device is high
e.g. the measured and simulated influence of guard resistance: