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Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors

This document provides conversion factors and constants for various units related to gases, volumes, densities, lengths, masses, forces, pressures, powers, energies, heat transfer rates, viscosities, diffusivities, mass and molar fluxes, and heat and mass transfer coefficients. It includes conversions between metric, English and other units for many physical quantities.

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Ryan Santoso
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133 views2 pages

Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors

This document provides conversion factors and constants for various units related to gases, volumes, densities, lengths, masses, forces, pressures, powers, energies, heat transfer rates, viscosities, diffusivities, mass and molar fluxes, and heat and mass transfer coefficients. It includes conversions between metric, English and other units for many physical quantities.

Uploaded by

Ryan Santoso
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS AND

CONVERSION FACTORS
1. Gas law Constant R
Nunerical Value
1.9872
1.9872
82.057
8314.34
82.057 x 10-3
8314.34
10.731
0.7302
1545.3
8314.34

Units
g cal/g mol K
btu/lb mol. oR
cm3. atm/g mol.K
J/kg mol K
m3 atm/kg mol K
kg m2/s2 kg mol K
ft3 .lbf / in2 lb mol o R
ft3 atm / lb mol oR
ft lbf / lb mol o R
m3 Pa / kg mol K

2. Volume and Density


1 g mol ideal gas at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 22.4140 liters = 22 414 cm3
1 lb mol ideal gas at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 359.05 ft3
1 kg mol ideal gas at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 22.414 m3
Density of dry air at 0 oC, 760 mm Hg = 1.2929 g/liter = 0.080711
lbm/ft3
Molecular weight of air = 28.97 lbm/ lb mol
1 g/cm3 = 62.43 lbm / ft3 = 1000 kg / m3
1 g / cm3 = 8.345 lbm / U.S . gal
1 lbm / ft3 = 16.0185 kg / m3
3. Length
1 in = 2.540 cm
100 cm = 1 m (meter)
1 micron = 10-6 m = 10-4 cm = 10-3 mm = 1 m
(micrometer)
1 A (angstrom) = 10-10 m = 10-4 m
1 mile = 5280 ft
1 m = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in
4. Mass
1
1
1
1
1
1

lbm = 453.59 g = 0.45359 kg


lbm = 16 oz = 7000 grains
kg = 1000 g = 2.2046 lbm
ton (short) = 2000 lbm
ton (long) = 2240 lbm
ton (metric) = 1000 kg

5. Standard Acceleration of Gravity


g = 9.80665 m / s2
g = 980.665 cm / s2
g = 32.174 ft / s2
gc (gravitational conversion factor) = 32.1740 lbm ft/lbf.s2
= 980.665 gm cm / gf s2
6. Volume
1 L (liter) = 1000 cm3
1 in3 = 16.387 cm3
1 ft3 = 28.317 L (liter
1 ft3 = 0.028317 m3
1 ft3 = 7.481 U.S gal
1 m3 = 264.17 U.S gal

1 m3 = 1000 L (liter)
1 U.S gal = 4 qt
1 U.S gal = 3.7854 L (liter)
1 U.S gal = 3785.4 cm3
1 British gal = 1.20094 U.S gal

7. Force
1
1
1
1
1

g.cm / s2 (dyne) = 10-5 kg.m / s2 = 10-5 N (Newton)


g.cm / s2 = 7.2330 x 10-5 lbm .ft / s2 (poundal)
kg.m / s2 = 1 N (Newton)
lbf = 4.4482 N
g.cm / s2 = 2.2481 x 10-6 lbf

8. Pressure
1 bar = 1 x 105 Pa (pascal) = 1 x 105 N/m2
1 psia = 1 lbf / in2
1 psia = 2.0360 in Hg at 0oC
1 psia = 2.311 ft H2 O at 70 o F
1 psia = 51.715 mmHg at 0 oC (Hg = 13.5955 g / cm3 )
1 atm = 14.696 psia = 1.01325 x 105 N / m2 =
1.01325 bar
1 atm = 760 mm Hg at 0 oC = 1.01325 x 105 Pa
1 atm = 29.921 in Hg at 0 oC
1 atm = 33.90 ft H2 O at 4 oC

1 psia = 6.89476 x 104 g / cm . s2


1 psia = 6.89476 x 104 dyne / cm2
1 dyne / cm2 = 2.0886 x 10-3 lbf / ft2
1 psia = 6.89476 x 103 N / m2
1 lbf / ft2 = 4.7880 x 102 dyne / cm2 = 47.880 N / m2
1 mm Hg ( 0 o C) = 1.333224 x 102 N / m2 = 0.1333224
kPa
9. Power
1 hp = 0.74570 kw
1 hp = 550 ft .lbf / s
1 hp = 0.7068 btu / s

1 watt (W) = 14.340 cal / min


1 btu/h
= 0.29307 W (watt)
1 J / s (joule/s) = 1 W

10. Heat , Energy , Work


1 J = 1 N.m = 1 kg.m2 / s2
1 kg.m2 / s2 = 1 J (joule) = 107 g.cm2 / s2 (erg)
1 btu = 1055.06 J = 1.05506 kJ
1 btu = 252.16 cal (thermochemical)
1 kcal (thermochemical) = 1000 cal = 4.1840 kJ
1 cal (thermochemical) = 4.1840 J
1 cal (IT) = 4.1868 J
1 btu = 251.996 cal (IT)
1 btu = 778.17 ft.lbf
1 hp.h = 0.7457 kW.h
1 hp.h = 2544.5 btu
1 ft.lbf = 1.35582 J
1 ft.lbf / lbm = 2.9890 J / kg
11. Thermal Conductivity
1 btu / h.ft. o F = 4.1365 x 10-3 cal / s . cm . o C
1 btu / h.ft. o F = 1.73073 W / m. K
12. Heat Transfer Coefficient
1
1
1
1

btu / h.ft2. o F = 1.3571 x 10-4 cal / s.cm2 . o C


btu / h.ft2. o F = 5.6783 x 10-4 W / cm2 . o C
btu / h.ft2. o F = 5.6783 W / m2 .K
kcal / h.m2 . o F = 0.2048 btu / h.ft2. o F

13. Viscosity
1
1
1
1
1
1

cp = 10-2 g / cm. s (poise)


cp = 2.4191 lbm / ft. h
cp = 6.7197 x 10-4 lbm /ft. s
cp = 10-3 Pa.s = 10-3 kg / m. s = 10-3 N. s / m2
cp = 2.0886 x 10-5 lbf . s / ft2
Pa.s = 1 N. s / m2 = 1 kg / m. s = 1000 cp

14. Diffusivity
1 cm2 / s = 3.875 ft2 / h
1 cm2 / s = 10-4 m2 / s
1 m2 / h = 10.764 ft2 / h

1 m2 / s = 3.875 x 104 ft2 / h


1 centistoke = 10-2 cm2 / s

15. Mass Flux and Molar Flux


1 g / s.cm2 = 7.3734 x 103 lbm / h. ft2
1 g.mol / s. cm2 = 7.3734 x 103 lb mol / h. ft2
1 g.mol / s. cm2 = 10 kg mol / s.m2 = 1 x 104 g.mol / s.
m2
1 lb mol / h. ft2 = 1.3562 x 10-3 kg mol / s. m2
16. Heat Flux and Heat Flow
1 btu / h. ft2 = 3.1546 W / m2
1 btu / h = 0.29307 W
1 cal / h = 1.1622 x 10-3 W
17. Heat Capacity and Enthalpy
1
1
1
1
1
1

btu / lbm . o F = 4.1868 kJ / kg. K


btu / lbm . o F = 1.000 cal / g. o C
btu / lbm
= 2326.0 J / kg
ft. lbf / lbm
= 2.9890 J / kg
cal (IT) / g. o C = 4.1868 kJ / kg . K
kcal / g mol = 4.1840 x 103 kJ / kg mol

18. Mass-Transfer Coefficient


1 kc cm / s = 10-2 m / s
1 kc ft / h = 8.4668 x 10-5 m / s
1 kx g mol / s. cm2 . mol frac = 10 kg mol / s . m2 . mol frac
1 kx g mol / s. cm2 . mol frac = 1 x 104 g mol / s . m2 . mol frac
1 kx lb mol / h. ft2 . mol frac = 1.3562 x 10-3 kg mol / s. m2. mol frac
1 kx a lb mol / h. ft3. mol frac = 4.449 x 10-3 kg mol / s. m3. mol frac
1 kG kg mol / s. m2. atm
= 0.98692 x 10-5 kg mol / s. m2 . Pa
1 kG a kg mol / s. m3. atm
= 0.98692 x 10-5 kg mol / s. m3 . Pa

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