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In SQL, What's The Difference Between The Having Clause and The Where Clause?

The having clause allows filtering of grouped data in SQL queries, while the where clause filters rows before aggregation or grouping. The having clause can reference columns in the select list that are the result of aggregation functions like sum(), unlike the where clause. For example, to find employees with total bonuses over $1000, the having clause is used instead of where with the sum(bonus) column.

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25 views

In SQL, What's The Difference Between The Having Clause and The Where Clause?

The having clause allows filtering of grouped data in SQL queries, while the where clause filters rows before aggregation or grouping. The having clause can reference columns in the select list that are the result of aggregation functions like sum(), unlike the where clause. For example, to find employees with total bonuses over $1000, the having clause is used instead of where with the sum(bonus) column.

Uploaded by

KumarPintu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1/18/2015

SQL:Havingvs.WhereClause

InSQL,whatsthedifferencebetweenthehavingclauseandthewhere
clause?

Thedifferencebetweenthehavingandwhereclauseisbestillustratedbyanexample.Supposewehaveatable
calledemp_bonusasshownbelow.NotethatthetablehasmultipleentriesforemployeesAandB.

emp_bonus
Employee Bonus
A

1000

2000

500

700

1250

Ifwewanttocalculatethetotalbonusthateachemployeereceived,thenwewouldwriteaSQLstatementlike
this:

selectemployee,sum(bonus)fromemp_bonusgroupbyemployee

TheGroupByClause
IntheSQLstatementabove,youcanseethatweusethe"groupby"clausewiththeemployeecolumn.What
thegroupbyclausedoesisallowustofindthesumofthebonusesforeachemployee.Usingthegroupbyin
combinationwiththesum(bonus)statementwillgiveusthesumofallthebonusesforemployeesA,B,andC.
Subscribetoournewsletterformorefreeinterviewquestions.
RunningtheSQLabovewouldreturnthis:

Employee Sum(Bonus)
A

1500

3250

700

Now, suppose we wanted to find the employees who received more than $1,000 in bonuses for the year of
2007.Youmightthinkthatwecouldwriteaquerylikethis:

BADSQL:
selectemployee,sum(bonus)fromemp_bonus
groupbyemployeewheresum(bonus)>1000
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1/18/2015

SQL:Havingvs.WhereClause

TheWHEREclausedoesnotworkwithaggregateslikeSUM
TheSQLabovewillnotwork,becausethewhereclausedoesntworkwithaggregateslikesum,avg,max,etc..
Instead, what we will need to use is the having clause. The having clause was added to sql just so we could
compareaggregatestoothervaluesjusthowthewhereclausecanbeusedwithnonaggregates.Now,the
correctsqlwilllooklikethis:

GOODSQL:
selectemployee,sum(bonus)fromemp_bonus
groupbyemployeehavingsum(bonus)>1000

Differencebetweenhavingandwhereclause
So we can see that the difference between the having and where clause in sql is that the where clause
cannotbeusedwithaggregates,butthehavingclausecan.Onewaytothinkofitisthatthehavingclauseisan
additionalfiltertothewhereclause.

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