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    6.3 Refraction of Waves

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    suemozac
    This document describes the concept of refraction of waves. It defines refraction of waves as a change in direction that occurs when waves move between two different media due to a change in speed. When waves move from deep to shallow water, their wavelength decreases and their speed and direction change, with the waves bending toward the normal. The frequency remains constant. Diagrams and a ripple tank demonstration are used to illustrate these effects. Applications to ocean waves and sound waves are also discussed.

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    6.3 Refraction of Waves

    Uploaded by

    suemozac
    4K views52 pages
    This document describes the concept of refraction of waves. It defines refraction of waves as a change in direction that occurs when waves move between two different media due to a change in speed. When waves move from deep to shallow water, their wavelength decreases and their speed and direction change, with the waves bending toward the normal. The frequency remains constant. Diagrams and a ripple tank demonstration are used to illustrate these effects. Applications to ocean waves and sound waves are also discussed.

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    This document describes the concept of refraction of waves. It defines refraction of waves as a change in direction that occurs when waves move between two different media due to a change in speed. When waves move from deep to shallow water, their wavelength decreases and their speed and direction change, with the waves bending toward the normal. The frequency remains constant. Diagrams and a ripple tank demonstration are used to illustrate these effects. Applications to ocean waves and sound waves are also discussed.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4K views52 pages

    6.3 Refraction of Waves

    Uploaded by

    suemozac
    This document describes the concept of refraction of waves. It defines refraction of waves as a change in direction that occurs when waves move between two different media due to a change in speed. When waves move from deep to shallow water, their wavelength decreases and their speed and direction change, with the waves bending toward the normal. The frequency remains constant. Diagrams and a ripple tank demonstration are used to illustrate these effects. Applications to ocean waves and sound waves are also discussed.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 52

    LEARNING OUTCOMES

     Describe refraction of waves in terms of


    the angle of incidence, angle of
    refraction, wavelength, frequency, speed
    and direction of propagations
     Draw a diagram to show refraction of
    waves.
     In deep sea regions, the water waves take
    the shape of plane waves.
     This is because the depth of the water
    are almost the same
     As the waves approach the shore, they
    bend according to the shape of the
    shoreline.
     Why ?
     What happens to waves as they
    propagate in different depths of water?
     A square glass slab is placed in the ripple
    tank so as to create different depths of
    water.
     What can you say about the wavelengths
    of the waves as the waves propagate in
    different depths of water?
     When waves propagate from the deep to
    the shallow regions, the wavelength
    decreases.
     What happens to the frequency of the
    waves?
     As the waves are continuously produced
    by the same source, the frequency of the
    waves remains constant.
     What happens to velocity of the waves as
    it travels in two different depth of water?
     v = fλ
     Sine f is constant and λ decreases in shallow
    region.
     Thus v decreases in shallow region.
     The speed of the waves depends on the
    depth of water.
     The ripples slow down as they pass through
    shallow water regions.
     This causes the wavelength to decrease.
     As the waves propagate from the shallow
    to the deep water regions, the
    wavelength increases.
     What can you say about the direction of
    the waves as they propagate in different
    depths of water?

     As waves propagate of an angle to water


    of different depths, there is a change in
    direction of the waves.
     When waves propagate from water of
    different depths, there is a change in
    wavelength, speed and direction of the
    waves.
     The change in direction is due to the
    change in speed of the waves. This
    phenomenon is called Refraction.
    What is Refraction of Waves?
     Refraction of waves is a change of
    direction in the propagation of waves
    from one medium to another due to a
    change of speed.
     Refraction of water waves is a change in
    direction as the water waves propagate
    in different depths of water due to a
    change of speed
    What happens to frequency,
    speed, wavelength & direction?
     The frequency of the waves is equal to
    the frequency of the source of vibration
    and hence it remains unchanged.
     But the speed, wavelength and direction
    of propagation change.
     The relationship between v and λ of a
    water wave in deep and shallow water:
     v = fλ f is constant
     v is directly proportional to λ

    v v1 v 2
    f   cons tan t  
     1 2
    How does the direction of wave
    changes when refraction occurs?
    How does the direction of wave
    changes when refraction occurs?
    Draw a diagram to show
    refraction of waves
     1. Draw a boundary line to separate deep
    and shallow regions. Label the region.
    2. Draw a line to represent the direction
    of propagation of incident waves. Mark
    with an arrow. Label O at the point
    where this line meets the boundary.
    3. Draw the normal line at point O.
    4. From point O, draw a line to represent the
    direction of propagation of refracted
    waves. Mark with an arrow. When waves
    propagate from deep to shallow regions,
    the refracted waves bend towards the
    normal.
    5. Draw the normal line at point P.
    6. From point P, draw a line to represent the
    direction of refracted waves. When waves
    propagate from the shallow to the deep
    regions, the refracted wave bends away
    from the normal line. Mark with an arrow.
    7. Draw the wavefronts which are
    perpendicular to the direction of
    incident and refracted waves.
    8. Make sure the wavelength in deep
    regions is bigger than in the shallow
    regions.
    Activity 2: To study the refraction
    of water in a ripple tank
     Use a ripple tank
    to produce
    straight waves.
     Place a piece of
    glass plate in the
    water to create a
    shallow region.
     Observe the
    waves.
    Discussion
    1. Compare the wavelength for the water wave
    in the deep region and the shallow region.
     The wavelength for the water in the deep
    region is greater.

    2.Compare the frequency of the water wave


    in the deep region and the shallow region.
     Frequency of the water wave in the deep
    region and the shallow region are equal.
    Discussion
    3. By using the answer in question 1 & 2, and
    formula v = fλ, compare the speed of the water
    waves in the two regions.
     v is directly proportional to λ when f is constant.
    So the speed of the water waves in the deep
    region is greater than in the shallow region.

    4.How does the direction of waves change when


    passing from the deep region to the shallow
    region?
     The water waves will be refracted toward the
    normal line.
    Discussion
    5.When waves pass from the deep region
    to the shallow region, how do the
    following properties of the wave change?

     Direction: refracted toward the normal


    line
     Wavelength: decreases
     Speed: decreases
    Conclusion

     Refraction of water waves occurs when


    the wave pass from deep region to the
    shallow region due to the change of the
    velocity of the water waves.
     18 / 3 = v/1.5
     V = 9.0 cm/s
    Application of refraction of waves
     The wave front of sea water will follow
    the shape of the shore when it
    approaches the shore
    Application of refraction of waves
     The water in the bay is calm compared to
    the water at the cape.
     It is because the depth of water varies
    slowly across the area of the bay and the
    energy of the water wave spreads to a
    wider area compared to the region near
    the cape.
     The amplitude of the water wave near
    the bay is low and hence the water at the
    bay is calm.
    Refraction of sound waves

     Sound waves travels faster in warm air than cold


    air.
     On a hot day, the hot surface of the Earth causes
    the layer of air near the surface to be warmer.
     This causes sound waves to be refracted away
    from the earth
    Refraction of sound waves

     On a cool night, the sound waves travel


    slower in the colder layer of the air near the
    surface of the earth than in the upper layer.
     The waves are refracted towards the earth.
    Refraction of sound waves
     Hence sound can be heard over a longer
    distance and clearer on a cold night
    compared to a hot day.
    QUIZ 1
    QUIZ 2
    QUIZ 3
    QUIZ 4
    QUIZ 5

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