Electronics : gate ies & psu

12. Network theory

To get any kind of help you can
mail us on
[email protected]

$-$ilrlr,iit

su

ReFre_re-neR Duo

l.

a-_:

-r

cr,--

TOPIC

"

P. No:

qnd hernert6.
Er{6{aNeeRINt>r <-rrcufi-,lo(t
ry:
D:
N e+r,rroy[ A-,M
Rpy CJo Etrd' o]fr,
:
.L:lAlem
ttelta)otK hm,ya.W: Vou,r Wl&-u bury.
Rr yual etm lern+d) 3r E lec*rr'e g ycuff' \ Alexct udey so,.d.J'ku.

.
3.
+.
&

s-No. -f6pJg NArrng

l" r( gA+a

f-trtD Et
P*arE No,

z' srsADy gTA TL Ac cir<uff3

. Loc4J s T t-{ Eo Rrrl Diae?,e(m

3s

I{.
s

z-3

"

3+

RETSDNANCE

t{3

rHeoRrn s

63

TBAnsa EN-rs
Truo PoIaT nrerrooRK

a3

NET aeoRK

73

=t;"=,i

It

rurERs

In

r,r

efit

(.rtrf tf

ct

rufts

8+

qi

h naln TH FoRy.
Dun

aLxry

PAeeVous

enR (

q.r

hlr

ef xe s) Remnrnqzrr.l
QRAZYCqQ

qlq /s t

L. M"AHAN-@G

Page 1 of 96

MAI

I-. CO M

TOPIC

P.

No: @

o97a4236981

Page 2 of 96

BAsac{r
TOPIC

P.

No: ?

ecure*x' i(

r l* Nq*q {al c*rttrerlt

T *> Laztver,?+"iona.l LLtTr.nL
T-he- tr lc*.p OF
oF c^qrdL JA oJf.o cp, ll"4 n S CJ-trre-t'tt
d& tl gor ArnP
0.--

_to

l.6ozxto'-c:

:>

mro

e e:

*c-or

mt -tlo ayto-tllter polrt,

6T1e- _ poi

ui:ned i3 cs-ttS-d EmF (v )

The +-r'm<, ra*e- oF gt4Et-g

lC= dtrS r/Ee c ar Wcd* =

cal

EX.

f'

+ T1

-11
Y-t

(i)

->

ri

Gx.+

t,ctcl

Att

Dlcr'd

alrn o.b<o7b

)eo.ar;rU ttem Frositrve f?Jrmincll

Pot^i-L.

ca-lled

e)ene.rrt

.3r
f t r,;

The- ccr-pac,it6- -l,o

f
g4i= P.A*
J

-) ANy c-l<t

_t-

tr)

-,

!r
r*,
t

--l tiii;

i)

[D h e-\,1 c-u nreYlt

t
ps,tr VeY. P6tr)er,

led aA p6ur e.rfl

posin Ve- te.rrn in*l e.)<twseylt aJosorv ilt6 Por*:e-L.

LBJ

voll-

d3r
d-9 v-I
de clt =

rG

tfeY?t a^nteu

"lc or

v= dis
de

erte.rncd porce. Rg@,,

le

do t^.eovK cqll4

Wd*f

aUergY

- Lcc c/y Jouje-.

ouugr ArbSorb = Ptn^Je-r p eri VO,-S.

o974423698

Page 3 of 96

cr.=,---"""--"--" ToPIC

P. No:

,5

Df--trle,rnezef( :+

AS-ULe el*AtEnt.- [rrhe:rl*mee-lemettt i

Co,V+blz oF.J.droi".'6

For a Lo uX t-trn e- | qc ?w x) p oT l:rlvin1.

pz-o pe.r+d: o F r'flr1 e;fitq-, efi Pr i ri ce*i'an c-a) eA *c*i V e-- de.rr1e.rt : v
E{cLln glg .-ti,1-frrole-pemde--nt Vettq4 e- any' cqt-re--:l?t Sqqraceq

gy

imcl e-per:c):r)fet5

-+

Dtrn^ga cdscnar2e- Lo.{)qcltucJy cqlrl Del-i vet-eyrergy c+ Short

\lvpo
a Lo t^de fi rne- d," -l* js y'tot Acft',Je e)eme"nt.
P-0,SSiv,p

rleme-rtt :'',

L^9hen

fi nrq not

tra elenoent -li r,.,ot cap*hte- -p oteuverirr

-6rEllqry21-e .- R r Btrl b, T ra n sForm e4tvr \ = \ztz)

%r* tf v/=. ra*io @ in Bo-rn birectr'er') cg,lte4 Pq-ssi v<- <)Le- 4cfive. rct
{t Af-cft-Uegtiryra., g|em-gltt l-> &ehe.n e)e-m<:nt hqve- proV<rt{eA q
: chqrclc.tersfrc Qre- ?rn"le.perd e,'r.:.t o:n fn<- oirecrlan oF cu^rrennt <arlle{
Bf - ct-ire.ctr' onc-l I g i - Iqter +l) .-r -<=rnemt:

=x

L-.t:a-gglr

alen1tnt .-- lphen e)zrne-It

', *he- e-le-yneflt cq-tled

'+* &ve-r6- U;;

"*
vice -veYS(L

UUegtr

* ");ert
*

e)Lment

obe-6t.1, i+-te-ohp.rrA

bu3'

hqve- rai ct-iRc*rqna-t plap-e,rt(= boltr rvot

in
us-

o974423698

Page 4 of 96

,:t \
;:;-

NS

Q.r. trr'nel

&

iiF

SUBJE"CT

PeqrJ

er

TOPIC

Ptr e-qc+1

rrA

P, No:

*l elrnent of N etwo rrK sh trrrr r1

Sv
@
+

l"

'['2:r
.+l
_l

(-o.Y1Lz/,t,

Yf

v -*r
+,lx:- i,; :

;T

ro x

rr'

Ptz= LxL
Yzs = 6xS
Pt3 :

2E,t^JqJ{ (Derive-r)

llx 3 = 7? 1a1al* (a* gorrb)

u..ral* 1->eriver)

To+-a-L pc'urers- crlcsoz-$ ( loo+ z*

ftsfe-l- pcrr,ueyr D eive-L 172+-18

( b)

(d)

?3 = l3 5 oa-tl)'
-lz5 = lgg wcd*J

2: = oef+t py g,r i ve-U f i6Ufe *ype oF Lternnt

;passive- ( vlr. O r q 3 Ouad')

(4)

t <-l

De;ive--c

r"o ;-* (sbsq,ra)

z tlj.4{ [ ctJasozrb)

fzo = Bxq = 3z

Q.

a6sor-5

---+ '- UrniaLr'ie.c-fi'anal ( ,rot sqrne H_&.rq a &,t^d')

-t
'L
'+ Y',|0?1 .{.ttaegr LstoP VrOt (DNts+.)',

-+

; f, o-ssive- ( V/r- O L q 3 eua.{)

-t rgi oLire-cflc'nal (=rrne tri: I E 3 qq"''4)
i ysyt U ,a eqr q 5;op rrot t-oilst)
quad)
r+c*tu.( u/r=O 2q+
gicl-ir,e-cti onal('sqrvle-Fi[ t q+ quoc)'
--?
1 Uwegr ( stop *gsf )
; 5 Ac*ivo (vfr0err +st g u/, O 2adquoolT
*,

-+

vlou ut4e-qv t spp-7tob corost'J.

-+ Unfdl'reCnrfncd (tnof srrne er'&.r, opPsl+eqtl}o{-.
cRAZYepQL.MAHAN QG_MAIl_.CQM oe7a4236e81

Page 5 of 96

TOPIC

::...''"

:nce *

P.

No: e

-lA A, PIoP:n+r oP Resis+-:T rE

a.{wa{a oPPse, 0- crlrreflt b5 doirr+ Eo r-| -tg co21Ve,.t ele.c*ricq1
-uer3Y to Haof eL{e?reY ' -oli
R.:istqtt cz- *vrstyrtrr6 Ard q +h of fisrr> oF e.li:cf-ron

:.

Rt

fee.si S.1-or

= Ro It+{otta-tr)]

o(6=-fernprufUre.-e*L'errt

g.,n4le t+--.{-;,

-+ For scPercrrreltlc-toT- ( f=o)

.t( Ot-{vta,.6 L4rr):_>

n1grc11i 2

-+ragf

d_ll5l1

-v-

tCtrmt& tarr: gm.*.e- +hc^* c4T,s*u'nt :-<-lrnp. arrd coreolcJr'ui+#oF rndcnal

c-o^ns*<rrot c,t{r6-a'n1_ dext=f{-{ Jr oU re-cltp prrc prrr'fi1a.! to e.dc*trt f,etd
T ?1+ern Siftt.
d( E -.) 3 = qrc * a/U= '* ' *

*Il =R ; I=+ ; .+ ;

s-=

fnho/va or(r'-mt-

ohm 16 LoLD *1-crte- thad* Pqfe.rr+ro-( &i*l-erence- hc:'r,a&*T-te. dtunlefi?t

-tD cJJYYe.rtt trolgrD r"+ * ele.nre.flt '
"i-t ol-iarcc*t6 porrporH'arrnaj
.IVotl =) !=L( =) R= + = tons*.
V

vs

ILxvstsrn; ) or V (voltofe- "l7oP / r., ) < f Bo-th sil-a+e- rnemf .V:.!irr).

( i)
tud ee M F iyr "le-pe-rrd ant om u+went arrd :r-e.'sis+o'r rn q+
v nl
( ii)
f qtSfn{{aj cl.ttt e-yence, olq-,eerrd cm C-4,{tr e:rt+ I Resl s+sr- fn ad piao,ole,e

-:v
-+r--E
-> r=\/

E Le c*n cSil
- EMF
R

vf srln

,j ,-C*41
='

nn

Pl+

;4;% ffiEstJs"s}=4+ff
'

"' 6 - Ne

ryGa'

-+L=
- r'fllolllu -

AJL
t-

quiltr

=t

I;;,{;;i'}uti
: )i= i
--+

oiL

laeTvrql.iti +e-)bl"P.,oPetttoFrnedrriul:le.rtfr*n6F.Let-eja=*YeLoFcwsELedtotel
ote*i c a'e-td e.ltsl+6UiCtr rn
o97A4236981

Page 6 of 96

@it

TOPIC

SUBJE-CT"=

--,

w!#;4

P.

No: J-

Fslr4!-%f Lc*d.'+

{t f irs+
ct

rl emF

+( ssgsJnd I4LQ :->

S=

o'

mtr l^n"tuced

?n "+-t- c-orrd uc* oY i.b

=) e: B[V 8,rrS

oP c'j-'tqrrg-z oF
v

cfu're- e+t

PtUX-.

D)qurylic frra
F

lulc clensrtlr [--

*
S*
*<

tt

Pro P.rfr'dYaJ -hp rr**q

e(cl+

,gqi,;:

^ -c{ }1eft'c iqe,\ oF Forcc

:-> ttJ l.rert UD hct 4c-*cf!- C-rrfs

ir^dUCed irr -tnc- c-,?1dqcfo]r.

LG{^1.

Ie-u6+v'

oF Lo'nductot- r VeJodq: c,f @)no(t'(ctar-V

arLt)

-*tt-)

F-'- Fr-

d4.
de

& =
:F
d

s+a.*1ts+l!+ i"rroluq+.{ e,4F ( Trqn sForrh er)

brre@ Le-qzts L.a/'

F lqz-

Irrr

K44
e
U

=
v= j!fl
,tt
tp

o..t

$_

=. N

L}
d+

d*

v = Ld-L/d*

o97a423698

Page 7 of 96

SUBJECT

"E,l

- J"r
t,

-J<

-.k
-62

d'h

*,>s E

to

,,i

-r
.3 I
--{J
ll

t5

rl

NI

$l

OJ

+{.
2'n

ll J

t\

Sr

al

61"
I
[l rrg +' sl t

rlol
.1

lP
t

t
f:

t\

illT
5\ t'

c,l

sl;r
,'

i^

dl>u - , tl
,' id tq
vrllG-H
B

*/U%

FI 3 T ;

,$r
ol

gl
'f,q

ov

$l;
Il-l

tll

st

rlo.l

?rt aH '*l
.4

l.i

.?

t
U
J"
CT

t,

$l

q,

q,

41

0,

e
a
rA

$F
?'t
5o 3 a fr
oo:
).
e? c\8
J
bT

uF

r)>

+?
ully

.{
l-n
o,r

hi

d l;
E$
Eg E
+r
I
6-3
Fd

,r flg

*.t

+LLIlr-

tr&

l.X
D-o

fa

1,J

''
B

T
L

i r!

f ,t'q s]
7

.T

jI it f,r Ls
.Jl

!-t

al

+
\

(-

j! 6d
+
-rt
AE
iltr
3l
du
dll r L,
ilt
&
et Pil , $$
rl

fl
!l

$l
ts
tr$
+>
6r
>x
;l fr
su
-6 _t.
=l
r?l
F5
EI
d+F

s
I
a
ffig 'U i

ulr
Pg
Y.^\E

cJJ

OJ

tr -1J $r sln q

pI
Et
eJE

:!5
JO

d
c'f

il

9
(-

?a

5s
sG.

br Tn
0-1
.rl
)r- EE
t+F

5-

Ta)

t2t

(\ (- ,?q/
+lr
i>d
+C
,i
,F
b
al
{-

Fs
g0
tI 1r
:
qs
Ho-

r, 2- t,
s r)r 6

.)

+li ?llr
{s

'/[:I
rJ
T >q
?

S,

tfii
s
Er i
ili
I1
) i rlb

$l tr.I

b,

lr+J

H EjE;AI rl

t il ir$lr; i

?l

s<l
5t
NI

g1

P. No:

-9

slr

El

ll.

,\T

TI

tt

1r

oI

s
\

Hflfl-*\ di)
IN
si
i
sl Ei EIII + 'el +-.
5l 5l r 9r
H$ lEt

ll
H

Jll

1l

eo

st
tn t

q.'

+sii!

t t?
at

TOPIC

EI

* '{r* TI
:l.{l

15,

"

5,9

iJ

at

+-

5Sl 3l

$F

6rs E El

?r

1?

td

o-

!t

0'h
OO_
rl

a
[
dl nl
fli
!i
o
Ed
r5
i
3l ,,il
I
f-lb
FJEt
r
$l I iir
ir
.{s'- a' BI
ol t
t)v
,Al
&[d fl 3t P !l? ffl dl $l q #
t Tr tr
$ti
Ill
t
t &3

3l

0l

).t

,l

'J

O- .)
ot)

E s

oll

3l
o-l

= 7.
q)

.51

a,,l

0,

5l

o.l

ol

s s
3

ll
5 E 6l>

d
L
q

l^

? 2

EI
d

.q-

ll

E J

Yl

.9

RAZYCQ 9 I-,

MAH

AN.Q

Page 8 of 96

MAI

I---C" -QI,l

49744236981

P. No:

+ vaJtffie-as{rEs :->
(i)

)6
(ii)
t

Scturc. ola.r'V ar-s E t-{ 6 r5 Y a* s pecitr6 \ro r+q{rc" ( v, tr, nich

an cil rrext De.ut'yers b>f- 86:t{rce.
=-r'role Pand

@e

In.tet.n$ E-,s+qrue otr'd5f.l \&frc b*rr." = 491o, ( R.=-o).

tii) ptqc*r'ccul vo r+e6te sg1{ !-ce. al crr'yers 6h eTB

y y\

X pec.i

FrS

v-t9

tr)hich d-Fe-TeJ % Q!.ryeffi DLLi vers t;t srqrre.

( iti,l T rdepeand errt vo ltryFe E str
16 Lo{r)
rce- .alo J Trot oba#
(t ohrn
v- I chq trarrauf .r=.Y ( r4oq - jjre-q y ? uzria$ r..+r q1al )
vt
V =) Yg:v1rR5

ttll.A

c-

"rqi
T-

vs

(4)

Lh).

6, +
4,,"

vzlvl-)

.q' tritr"l q.qrr<nt \v't 2(L R e-sis*o7 J

loV

I)

zlL
>ztL
1

+ ) zoV
I+

lo*zo
Not

Soft sFr- e-o( K{ L.

lov

zlL

lov

to * -lo
Ngt sofisFr'eC Kuc

Iov

,bv

:)
lD

to/r=5h
=to ,5o L a

Sa.ft's Ct'-ct k VL

o974423698

Page 9 of 96

TOPIC

ti,t

P. No:

seureg ,t

:r.

DedJ c-tJarrery11 Scrurce e)*ive.f ez.IT3Y d* APeuHed clrwesrtL

(:L) Uohich Jt ircJe"perde-n-L

o'tn \ne r{-ffie. *cfr,sA *he,:o-1{rce-

t:tDc+t) R:6)
as

Pnac.fr'cal

if s = :LG.+f'

II1)L7

(cl

+,

_\
-)

12

a.

iryrd cil tdc-YTt ?7?

IoR

&oA

lo+ zo
Not use. Kcu

z(L
t

z(L Resistor 7

loA

TDA

loA

loA

lo

* -lo'

N of

uss kcl-

lo =lo
US

E Fr-L

z YQQ_o-r_.MA HA N @*GJyr Ar L. e Q M

Page 10 of 96

So a: loA ar2fL.

o9744235981

TOPIC

)ffi.' suB_J--E"g,J-=

,(- B-Et ( U_ggg oF @geg.*rd:e,):+

( i.l aJ6-eurric 9um oF curye.rb
= o qi a poivlt'
(

tt) u, hen -k r:o

tiit

lcoi

zrL

e-le-rn

ernt

ir1

Ctrlr:rvte-c.t c-ornrnort laoiret o o,11e--Q

(iv)

R.{.=

I.
R1

vs

-RrR:-.

l"r { Rz

R2

q = 1'R'

L^

Aq

.R r{ Rz

(rl

Le{
Ll

1,

Lz

vs

?g

= r'tt

Fi+ Rl

Lt;t-2

L1*u2

q=

:L.LA

Lr+-,

b).

ILg

= L,L;

Lt * t->

c.e4= 9* ez
:Q

Ls -- ?'Lz

= 1'tr
q+L

c14L2

(c)
*
t t.l

kyL L

t-strl

g_E

S4j=-rne-mt
Rra

c4:e_se.z!.s.&h g-E.]rxl

It(-g><ic

vst

r-+

))

[.e.-A'=

v1

Lt*

"R}o.

r ' Y:!

qlbz_

*La
V2- = Vg' LrLr + Lz.

YI9
Rr-tKz
Q

RAZYC.P-.Q

I-".

MA

AN

Page 11 of 96

l.-

LE{= '( Lttlc2) = ct'Ll^

I *czVr : Vs'cz.

Lz

L1

R1-l- R2

t-{

ETE

---+l(- v2

'E-iL

V2 =

qcL

-..a
Re.4= Rt*Rz
=

l-Qa

= vt*vz*Vsz-

Vs1

<--Vg

Vr

irac.lO8ed g.{A4ed

Rz

Br
vt

oF Molt46:e

"8utyr

Vgz -+

rt

ct.
!4 -- vs'
.t
<r /.
@GM

AI

I-. CQ M

o974423698

suBJ"E-er"-"

TOPIC

""-"

P. No:

ra-itx For ai s+ri bufqd pqtQ vn e*ev

CIlrmlE La'u; &p p ft .lttrn pe4 or cl;'s+ri6ufel pq?q, m e*er
l<VLr KcL ftp Pl?- L:u *!q + Uhel':'lNoyl riueqr + uyri ot ai oirczff ona).
+ Tinne. fqriqrnt or *mz irryqrjclt J

-,

_>

.*
.lt

d *eoq 9

A{2pLy !.q!|l f+16r., Freruenc,y txlot APPLY Krll gt<ct)

Ne*u.:ortt *,.ur? -> LoLo Fr{uezr? (ftppLy F-vL q Xcu).

trie-l

LtlmPed I vlsu4)Uqr)

LUrnPe--d

RLL

I-t\rl/\-,r''

LurxPel t IJueqr)

il;
4(L

.t

T-xmtSS1a7

tli

Oisfir'brrte-d

L1,vs -J

ltrle

s--*rr'g4t<-cl

V5

AtD Y.
Rr

= Ftz' Rl3

.r<_12*Rt3fRz-3

3z=

Rrz' Rzg

Rtz*Rlg*Rz!
RB=

-o

Rz e,. R tg

Rlz*R13tRz3

\-qql
Rrzs R1 *Rz+ !*;Rg
:rr,1

Frs= R1* Rs+

r

Ail Forrn t,t(l_ Lg=v=l11z

+ sggG.e
T.&rSEo nrnaliaYr- x
Rs
vs

Asc

Rz'P3

Rl,

ptrf irr ,4 O { O
tne-9.f De ?err errt S qtl tice'

tl

AOi A;,

lt.s= llsc= U/*,

.Rl.g ) Rzs= Rz* ? s+

ffi!,.. ccVS
]Y

VOc=V5:- Ts'Rs'

-r

n-

Vcvs
B->x

(|"
{.,
CccS

V cc5

09744236981

Page 12 of 96

"

V/\e'

"'/

wJlffi
""

P.

,9uBr-E_er"-

/r'/frwe*

siflol eauo.l

aqnol

Ltr

vl3

d
ldj

m' I;],,
roP

\,,

13.

UfuttcA or c.a..ooitSl.Se-_b,dr,r-)een Aq BJ^

4I?F

4B
lr-t

Nor

^-'-l
ue
1-Tur
u

toF

"il="

AB

I;I
Lr""J

nr
lz-F

Qd,

A*{ l-

e*e,,r-t

o974423698

Page 13 of 96

P. No:

TOPiC
tr'::

- "

t,! lent
3tr

l=lt^.:

c^c,+c(Glfq7rCe

B.

2,1

6tr

z-z

6F

+A
CF =23

z] -- 3tr

+' [:lJ-B
22 = 3F 6F'zq

2F

=>

-t-+

A
^ ,-ll--

r
-l-'.'.
L.tl-r J-

)&

z3

BaJarrce-e-l Err .L5l-< so

2t-Z?=L?-Z\

zF

qF

:)

A *-l!*

Q.s.

trr'rC e-q-u^ ler>t eesrsteyr befrale,-lr Aq fl

/--

-i-

"

i' 1.rr- '\ ir r. \

-r\(*

(A).

t rL

fii\

Kih

l+

1(ri, .
l*

ir=- Riq

Riq

-;

'

Rd

o-*ffi.,.
J-L

ru
R

iLl

**,

t,/1-

to

= l+ g(r+Rtrn) :
I + Rtr,l

zsiA,+ Ki,aL= 3 t

=o

CPqe

Etrrar,rr

Ki{

i*{i

*z

Fiu

z*Riq
-'

: J3 rL

o97a423698

Page 14 of 96

S l

^''
"f T
l*

Riq

t+J3

lrL /

---

Firr

Rir

Riyt 19qer.>yrhrnf:f,fr)

Rih

tn*

rui
rr

(,i

\-

$r

44qulllli$i
:i:;:::::::::

I llll

lllllllllltttr,,

TOPIC

ffip;,gr;ui'''"iit't''-9uBrEer""

p irnol

&

CU

zfL

t:f,e'n+

P. No:

Resi S+or

1s'

6rL

A-)

6x3

5t,

5A

3o

Canrre.rn+

Diuider

I= *.gr.Z : _+.SArn? (n+4)

Au)z

tri.nof *n

o.+ .

wa tq-

lLll-

6rL

zru

6A

a>ail
5

Lt

o? t

-- rq,

g\arnp (n+RJ.

lLtL
6lL

fr.

zoV tZfL

*."\h
ar t6G

l2c
zp

t-

rf-

vo t+2ffa c'q,rrre-

lzn

=2.(L

.5 xw3

t-

6tL
L

:5
-6

-rg

v(

ArnP.

z *lj =-9.
186

=-

o,+

At'r1?.

t
,

Q.a.

F-fytcl aT1 Lt-tz,3y otr g-irreU csf

I.

: l0
?+3

+(L

zF

6rL
.L --

lo

5+5

fctor

5L

-3+Yc +5>6:)

V.=

5v

zl !
- &.V. ) cq&crforeqTgy = l/zc\L , J*x
L
eRAZ-Ye-o o L.

MA

HA N @- G M

Page 15 of 96

=- q hJrdf

o974423698

SUBJ."ECT"-

TOPIC

P, No:

q zotr hYe cne),rvrec*ed in geri?Jto ssqfta

vol*\f e oF gov . wheh trlo c.apcr-c-ttoT chQ2rod euilfi { Lo7'n<LtQ.el

co?4cl+oI

OF toF

A(?@la^c*tpad+cr
imrc puTra.lle,l so F{'mol Vo t+-o-le
\J

E-rA'.

r= zo p,
r!r--{l--1
|-vs -+le-v,-{
b-jor----l
*

fe-f F^1

L{o

LetL=t9l::
fl =

pgrcile.J (^1}1nec*iml

}_j'{F=
| ', ,-I
[+

,t,

Qr=2qooc.

=tgF

c"a', j Jg^no
3

ferr = (er.
v

I - tzcroc.-

2u6o = 6ox

vl='ff#.:3ov

v=*ovot*'

v2 = Soxgo =6ov
tt o t:-o

e;; ;

L{oKvt = r,(ox!os tzooc

Qv2 = 2oKVzz zox6o : l2cmc

"l

Qr --Qvt* -Avr= 2qaoc'

q'lo.

fol c{u:'

l<..r1t

S{-c?ce Nitvt ReSpec-f A q B.

Re-si

3rL :)
3fr
{

'.

r.S

3rL

z(L

(nB

llL
3,5rL

=)
3n-

l'6lrL'
A

-\44--B

o974423698

Page 16 of 96

TOPIC

P.

No:

l+

M ESh

b. *pprleof *r& l* plqhner NeftriorK

0-r-611o.l e]erm er-lt
A ue;f u>o"4< Hqv e. N o CToaA

rns1.1 xu"lt4+l'x
--t

e-a71

-flg

C-D't1r1e-cf1'r,y.l

Co-l

l<-cl Ptq6he-r

ctl

tl.tg3.r.ro?r(

ffi;piqHrairNlrqJ#"N-qnnP.tqur,e-rNe;tt.r.:orK.
sto oF l<vLorMesh efur.a-tr'o1 = e= b- N+l :- b-t.t+t = |-( ttt-t1
( U = p''ir^.iPet sro de';)
fEAC-e-dULe- r<
toe'n+i tr(- hr, q.| No oF Mesn ira *ne- divel, ruefuoH* bq. e= b- (tt't ;
ASSt6)1 c4ffifr Oirec-'Ft41 R-or e4c,n 6esh (ctoclqrol-ae_) ?r
bevo lF K vL ea! Fo-r e.qcm rnesh

re

(a)

rb)

(()

B[

td)

8o t

vir.r6

Kv

e-1t4

pim"l Lfop cu ]rent

eX'

La.l rrro oF rnesh

N= 2 rb=3

e4\ = b-(N-r) = b-(L-t\ =L

lorL tu) {ar]<e Di re clion oF c-rtrfemtr,Lr tl.bp uort<tDi

)A Lc) E??LY Xv u rir Ast lrcp q .n4 uo?
-H + Aa1 + P trr -tz):o -0
tD:rg+ a(za-ar ) -- o -@
Je = -2-A -@
Do ,6ottrorl-l ry1

?4\

?at = -&A, r[1

rO g @

:ofl'

SUPgf fn.elh ft, tDhe_x al"rre-rnt .s;d<trLe- bzq'r'cn -li Lornmon Fer +tr.:o
noe sh . J1 & P0,64 t bl e nro fi r.c] 6ol tl.cr-tt'a'rrt sufr rn<Sh +eqhnlcue.

*f

9l

Mesh -- kvr-*ohmtA
SuPerrnesh= Prrr *

E-('

tryP
kcl* o-hm'{ l4#?

Davo I p m atra rno*i co-l egq F.'r NenD

,AZ

orl( sh6u9h
Ra7z* R316=o

-Vg*Pr1-f
? - 7A= l[

R3

ar-as ?tt

(.(<UL)

( KcL)
(Kc''1

09744236981

Page 17 of 96

TOPIC

$*

ri

ctr4

a-{:p r i

ed

!.iu ea+

or

P. No:

n6u P lu) ! er o^r- Pl%vuer

eftloll

pglced u r<. I ->

(c{) +oenfi eiy turer! No o-F Node& & *. &nVua Nlshl:ovK = e = (N-1,)
ftSsi3n \^o t+fte- * eqch Node qn? xlool e ltl.1le- r-<f-e-rer.lce Node
!b)
L:9-.-, f.dSrs*- xtol{e psfer'+{ aJ r. tn?6-u"nq-pef eqttgl = O ,
(c, Devolp l{cL e-111Lfl'an oF ea,ch hovr-t4ere-vrce" Node.
.

{t

vo r to6re. Scrtt rce- t.fnnzc*<-e)

bejrO e-er) *t^ro T1q1- tre.Fe.re-nce. Ntode" qhq |t1',d Eorh A3r s'uP-l tloole- rnefhod.
Vr gIz t-omfnarn polrt DL{eGo Aryrr tttode
-v
to- <Yz
{-n
gx '*
2V
-JtE
;Lo \l +p':ro4-f
-O
I
I fL1
.I1 lIrL( .sAll
lsA 5
v,c .?i
=\
Vz'
l/
Vl - vz = >v _@u V, n

S.V_Eg*r N

d e.

td ra e-ra

n ><-a-f

+-9*

4
a

N ocle-

= Kcu +fL
L

Vr =

lT/zv )

Vz

___i

l3u- V.

Looc

VL + (Lvato

rt Bul]? Ueftntnea,{ *
Se-TtU\

LD

uue.c*d

?arailU

Bur b

e1--

Vr

p=

az8r

cAhern

116

Pz = aLRz

ttryl13 Od*(

ec*4

C,f,

g.uLb

YIIAL

3z-*/7t
13. e"rralr

Ratf;:,

TV

:aLru

ft=
Eqrne".-

::

7 P> =J1Rz

(q) A erieA t*t

(b)

'-o,*1're' B*b fnore AziV-n+uer:t

?qz-al]d \-tj8-h >elsiq Br"lb mora- tziy,*traa.

o9744236981

Page 18 of 96

TOPIC

) - A (,

r\t v

e)i

b-

--

tq.

P. No:

rrt tx i v e-nrr )
jg

LDt4lVqc*r'on

rt

,'i3o
Y

-,a -J3 rr-

=- J3+J3 + J7x)3
-.r

4=

?q_-- J j-J3
Ftnr\ .l

J3

+ J

c)tfisrjt

5x--t3

--_-i-<

-J3TL

+r,q

*d^

D-oeo,J

t ca.-.ParJ'rcr)

d.r'ode )A'. L??

rce
I

\
2A 'r-

ScrQ'rc4 =)
c-o xrU

e^r-t
,/
\5--Dxl=&v

--;

??I
L
-l9n
\.t

lrL
d.v

t{xY.

V+\

-J3n- ( Lo\ecL9]kr)

=-

c'Lt ,l

)NIte>*
C.DN.

rL

---

J3

v ll3:

( tnq oc-+or

rL

..- a

Ar

J3-.1 3 + J.3I :l 3

js

-;3

z (L
=

( lr;

{3J

f:
LTL

z\ =)

Ssurc* c+l-l u<rr-f

\ =_to*a;
SVotf
q

o974423698

Page 19 of 96

lA.

P. No:

TOPIC

oP

z(L

IfL rfL

''rL

L(L
a
-t-

lD

+ 5f- -l + vz- -A
.t

-lD+ sz -t +t-

sis*otr oN tvr ive,u xtlul

*ocryrr

\"/-

vx

Re

-L)

Vx
+

lou

Vz=T

._I

,&
6.e

=O

Ard *tta ycllUe OF :L oF fue

=lo

(.IG
T*3

lfL
tl
-r+

(L

3Rt

lrL
(r+r)

.. ,-tq.

N e-tr,r.jort< SnauSn i
l(I' + 1+3+ a+r.t D+q :o

q?-=!__

-lo+ axl- + (Iy3) +[I(xz7l + [tx+u)=o

9Z =-(-fo+3+{+q

AA

c = ftS'

6tr

t =! *r'tp
t{

+A

to

-tJ xr

-F(z 13) xl

:lo + qr+ 9=o

* [1+z) + l( (z+ t{ ) = o

Qz =
a = lp xvn?
q'16 . Firol *n<- fa lu e o F f.
I

+ V1 :
2fL

s\,

LL

)6

v'
-

oF
:

P"rO na CD

:-

35
q

3rL

a^

+vx-

vl :- | xe = r
Fvorrr

= urr

-- 9'S

-F

vr. + t:6

a = Q'5

z = ,'>5 A'
o97a4236981

Page 20 of 96

SUBJECT".--

iraol e"q tri

TOPIC

P,

No: 9l

emt eo.pau*anLe W. r.t Aq B

* 3L,

tC

112rL

ug u

-+

lcrDF

1l: T-l-T
"
rt'rr ctf
= arl

soF

-r-

Vs
herr ral erU

Vs

R z.r

fu

Atr

C,

.4* -@

C-o

rn pere_

Leal, = 2F

0't8'6prc1c.fi'ectl Dc so.r;Tce- oF Bv tr)ifi. ir1+crnol Re-sis*qnc=oF a rL lA C-oml-t e-cle-{ t/D nom .tlnqy tre-Sis*or . +a1e. Clqrrr.e*-efSr-r c oF Nloyt .!)na-e,ry Rersi stsv A-{ven bF Vul -- Lz,.ru F,irn.l p6r^Jcrrc1,tssipia-I.r'om ivf rzloyl- ring.qr Re sist-,o--y ?

- e + 3 [Nr* vul

vNu

=-o

+ &Lrul* L-er11:o
-3
3
TNu= -3A1aA
dJ
( Pq^Je-t- qn,Sotb)
pGwe,r ilAAi pi ati
I so aNr-=44
"o
Pxtr- -- Vrqr-x XNt = f,Nl3 = twac/_

E'rS A Fu-rr6 cv*r6 ed rnoFr; tL )A Wd rcr tornin fdk +t'6p L dqnn6*

U"t*<j ole-jverg + (CIrt S-{-qrf cr,lrtren1 oF' : A-rnp. trinol -LtE}?y ,oFtle bctH e?E

^d

q-

*a.r

*i

nr e- Lr.l

rzvf\

r:1

'l

on

,D =(a ABc

vt rorl$.

t.(*

Lllay

qc*zyst.'r c

+ ft s .-DL ) x z

ubsovz

1"x"6@)vz

N= 66ooXz= ls.zpy
loY-n

in g

6toEcc
o978423698

Page 21 of 96

suBlECr

i*,

ttaz
\ 6rL

TOPIC

tue- otr

\not

P. No:

sharxn iy.

6rL
a"
ft'uu\

i<3q,

'

'

va]q"nc-e- Blr]+d<

A:-t:

ro

<qTL 0 PeY] CKt

6ru

--or'

{o(t-

aL sn*

z-fu

lzv
12_ +

_12- +
' 3+3
6 +6

&'at Hhd s+e+d6,

lsv

S}Lr

.lIH

rH

7t

0,'zz.

Fotru,u in

tcnrc

,-

t*g*z

tL

l2v

= 6A

..\

4re

-t4

l,

ct TTent I 1 taL u, E+ed\ s-fcl-e @r1aLJtr'on

a* g+zadl s*-dl-e- tn Du,c*d.f ae:nan e L nsr+ cK+.

-sn--

t
srt

l;rrode-

I rL-

tL

:1i > t{lit*i Jf

s ;

t-1 272

= ,.s-A

zA

=h1r-

y Lluaec*iftl

tr)hic-h E"f" moye- ba6r,'fra eAA.

fotn 6oto

ooe\

loov

lsbv

?7

TgA ti)

F.r

tiil

= :-

?
7t-=1g}

Ft= ytj?;

(f

*lq

)boft

o: z5o fr--

ue,? g1

Rt>Rz*

2f r .' . ?zrnorz Bl-tfrul

c RAZYCO

-.L

=vl/fr

Rz =

(qo)'
Qo

-- Lr_g_q)

(o

2-5bft-

-= le (.((n--

fr )fz

Rr= vz'( ?v = e-",f/(o:666'+nRe>Rr

Fr

fr

rnona

O L, M AHAN @ G M Ar L-".CA r\t

Page 22 of 96

lC

7A423698L

sT

en

-DY

s-vBJECr,=

sr ATE A c ct RqJl T' {F

NeTaJo(KrOprC sTeADy s r4?

P.No:

A'e. a"ircujt*'

&e

ao

l:

ftdrslJt#- c s F sirr ryJ-g['.*>'L' l* t*.qAJ# rc I,-grro[ e rhcll-t ?rrcr.ft c-cL{Probr .") Ufe" "LiFpe.e-e.rctr' q!, oC rrr\1ulQ, 'I-. urrr'te- fu +"tm oF
cls-j_r'ovl b)+ FouTl'e[- A
&ivr<.
po\Jo furr
v t+).

- Vrn &ftawt
vm = pao]q oy rnqyr'rnurn Voctue.

vry

VL+)

UJ

--

frtr&ulq

r {r-7.un

?
(-t9T=
(-r)
2-T=
T = zX
Ary<t-meilt-(rcc1
= Arn4tmeilt-(
U
6e.-*r ry H<.

-dM
U

tt)

sirr

ult

unity.

p.F.

!yy1

vt+)

vrylsiralUt$Sl

zr-e Jn-|Le^ou?
J------I

(r)

vry1

sin tueB ).

,n_.^
T+o a^tsJ":w'v
Y--r4

Rm s Vq tue (.Rsrst nneqyt squARe) l-)

eeeect oF *vr<- LrJcluef,-qry6.
!, R m S Vq lHe ;A ole&'vreC bq-}i-4 qt Ueafr'u^.q
v
p
rc,
,\r
I rr--1.. H eq*ctt\x"l
Z- -TVte vo ltt.\%- q.*r c^o^ ufc
h He-ccftn c[tAaipioftorrrr1l A. gK1 e-Auqj
a* eAqa-l rG &isteree- <zrel fi rne, (uJnc = t^J oc.= rzRt ),
r' pi a*ie-m !)) t. .rt
VBnr s

lr*
=

^l *

J'vz'rutrt

Aue4e
@lge I
oN
{-. rl fr bo,:e/ on
2, +1^4 Vcrl+^6-e-fFqyl

Ski ;

* f"'d+

c-rc^-W i-/firsp-.,Y

}h

cxt,

*)aP+a{rsFer l-t, ec c.lrc-uf+ eaw)tn q,ew

Dc c-rrcuft ;j- .e,1yy1s R8.r'S *snc*-qyrd trrne.(&n." ^p.='r+)

o*

txotaic,1t

h. rltlna AV+.VctlUe oF Syrnrnef rt'<- urr4Ve. cprslder HalF cycle-elAe tr*epl ftrllca-de.
, U: Ave,ta(e. fcttue- oF c*ornplefe cyc-te oF s:{mrne.*:rlc- riJatvcgtuaj{, zeto.
ogv84236981

Page 23 of 96

TOPIC

P. No:

-> 1o iclerrtrfy o..lcc,uf e,ha-Ps, sp *mz l,trctve,rcrrn rygnf:g5r.

q^no{ PS!!! Fal*crr co1nc-e-fr q?re- tnl ncd vcsA
,

For rr1

Pe-a-K

iir=

Fqc}q =

s, =
v+y6-

VBm

vrn
YRvn s

PqT4qL-sy sterrl

vrn

/.F- t. I
zumltr =

vyyl
u rn l1.z=f,L

\IKV 1I
t
33 t<v ) r.r.
IG6KU Il
lAe-t<v./

09744236981

Page 24 of 96

S-t/_P-J-E.-CT

TOPIC

Sr*ilcce* AceSS R6rs+sr-

P,

No: i S'

rt+)

l-- , ,u

g1

V[t)=V6

Zrf
v

ttl

ht+l = v

.D

t+)

ULT

Pov6

Vm

!ryl

Vqr

{:

rlimqlt

Vrn Prrt

oS

= vRms

EUJEg Al-?@9"S* imdr"tctcry (

sirfsl

P t+)

v (t)
V't H. p t+)

[+) = Yrr,r,Pn4

P;rd

=#

Cm

L)

cru)e-tr'

IypAizru:t

hro'* Sgrns

_c_

o(.*

V Lf) =
\v=
^

tt! Ll.rrr LOguYt

Vm &.in I uet +

Elrrdt : !m e{'rrIt^Jttgo',
= 5 or-tz
Fp = loo+Z,

i;i dnrr +

USlZrdt

/r

siyizrr:t

iIA

\lIr):- L4!f)

t e

. ,Ierlrs,

A(*1 =

lrnsinrutl

F= Sor{Z (qfqve)
tre = 2x5o: loo He

2-

3q
{a

tir]r^rt:
I

-UEgn

P-

trt+l--

simdt

,. r-m

- -l- I ttl ' dS* =

o

Fqvs

*&

Vy6

tt)

,fuo-rDi5trrn

Pquq
'<I =o

-> PhqAqr Di?{ rtctm taXe Fms vcrlt1f,*, Jh Eeriei c-i rrl-$t e -r)
QeFe.rerlcz -Ha ?q>qud drLLI-tf V*a.ke yr.-Fe:yen<-e-.
-+ f rr @ 1-.1ot{F c\cle- im.luctqr +dte uerg y ttre m ,$cnrTae c{md
tJd-l F -ff-d. {r-r-Kqa Scn,ryl.ne {<Om ir.roru ctoy.

097A4235981

Page 25 of 96

"t-l

)EEf.,
A

TOPIC

?YobA rcrpes-Ltaot-C c I*

:
t+) j
.---Itt)=
t+)

i r+l
V t{-) a

\r;

gi

Y,'

P. No:

tr)t

Pt+) = vLt)- Dt+)

= Vfflsimtrrt
P Ltl = vin Pfi giylz rD t

d+

Yrh
uoAtot = arnLosl$t
l/t ct1.y1

sim (uot+9J)

.f-74 r-o:u)t

= vlt:!::l
2_

simz-t,-:t

r#

F= SoHz
Fp: lcro H{..

z7f

I2T J rU).d.*ut=
o

*--

trt,rJ5,R -tf

C:OSJ:gm e=or,ts p-s.Ds-r:- P Lfl = V

Vrn trn s'rraul(' B'rm U-Dt + e)
P t+)

Pov6

27r

= +J'pt+) .ddt =
ry,

P"ID<-?r

Fqcfor= ctrss=

L*).f tt) = Vwrsilo[t$t{ $) .f,7lSirru:t

(rsg l

vrm6.trrnr. crs0

F=
]5
=
+ .\ H"r A;
VV

il^

n r*ol
'"'g;;It"'qn'e
[

{()
Res

Peril tD votfqr-

PhazsoY

/ rru<- p6r^le.rl o* fo'Dr/or+. P61,o.. lq*t-eerrve. por^rcr

0 ( vn R) -- vor+ ftn1peye 1tea-ofr've I unducfi'v< R<qufi've. po-r$ef.

.(Gff) f = Ac*ive,

|*

pl=

pcrrr:e.r

VClcosof

6ery

U"it&p.F th<- t"obhe* qrz--(vr) Lfio.

a97A423698

Page 26 of 96

TOPIC

d B-

t-

P,

rQ-u

Pq

No: &+'

rqJl_u c-irc.url

L
A'\ V

gY

K-Y.!

v=G +j[t

V:

ag
LYJSS!

Vp Lo"+ vu 1:9oT ?- -- z R + j rxr-- tvr-Efo'

J= ILpLS"tauL=go"
v/r. -i u/x=
vy = Vtlt - J \ Br_

vPt

\=

v = Jv*. +-JD
g = *azr-'(

(:rr-JBl ft-'(rnho)

o=+-rir

z = J RL+ xLt

Vg-*

rR

(-*)

o=13a[t)
=:: J F"+q'
-la, ,(- ozf

P=:LR

=- K = _L ( potuer Fcctor) (rto"l

?s\

rr Rc - qe?rieg cursdl

v"f,2
Lo"+ V6 | --9o
=]1R -jrxc

TZ

? = R-j{. (rL)
2 = Jp2+x*
g={errr-,(-*7*)
v = ^l[Efr,1."

uesg

- ,t

Vg= I,R

V = VR

aR

Y=Jbrz+ef

(+.)

* =_l p"+q2-

V6, =

: ---l :rg2 + T;

H)

c-Dse = yB

T--z.<tJAt
z.R

Y/z

Q- e+;x']
R*ixu ru l_*__
[==

s = -sey'-r

I,1

Yc' tr)<c

J5
Z

S=v'y

_a t.?.1

YI

--!.-

( Pat^l e.rr

3S-- psrol@) ci rct ur't

'ffit.

Fq.cffi)

'

&

T = ap Lo"+acltgo'

u/^=!/R+iv/xc

XL

vy = V&t +.tv Bc

J;ff*:;I.#rkr
c =J

""'E'
- *arn-\
l-'/ z*)
e = 7"n-t ( ot P)
E

*rg = T =+ =f (te"d7

V'at

=p

o9784236981

Page 27 of 96

=vztsu

_H
-e

rii.l.i'SUBJECT -.

TOPIC

P. No:

o,1

t.l

.t

##

g,

'J

Adtl

.l

'ld

[}n[},
n\* -X-

{.r

ilt-I

tO

,: 3
'9 .Y
tJ '-

ol

'
\JH+f

or
QJ,

-l

c' j'4

ntlrgl\l ull ulg\q';0il;

3 *til; ilqltql
,I
E-i 7 ,,
t

sl

rvl

Lr
U
,

,.,

A
*.-

qu-t

Egb
J

t-/

.J

JH
d
nnlr.

tr , ,, I H @ \A e) $+ |.Y,J#
@
rr 2lr*
,i :E ia

co rt ,r

tk

')

-dd
tl

lJ

l,

.o

,5
t:.-!ru-)

t/l

ul

l"lJ
o,
I

drl

vl

il(
tl

arl
*,

f)
I

t(,

Il
rv +

'?

s'-lvl

.J

cl

(]

rl

UI

dru

{
T+
.J.
d dl
o
>
.i,,
td.
II
rlL
6 '=
J
x J l>
-rl
\
l2
<r
d dl $r, !./ J \J
xJ :lt lct l+ zl
tl
0 =: + xl l.tlad T -rr
o
j
Ju-LJ
=t
=d
l>
.I
T^
+ 3 Tnrl
1H (
.OJ
rl
u
$
rl.
-rL
ll
rl
o
ri
\A
o
ci.
T"- ii
.= ,3 'lj
b
I,

r>oo*
rl orl *,/
l> J '-r

3E5

\J

t-

i
s

RAZYCO

ItE
I

U\

O L. M A H A N @ G M AI -I=.--C*P*M

Page 28 of 96

\-/!J

09744236981

TOPIC
[]

lli

9q.

P. No:

r,11:ff:ry'

F in 4

Aye. A\lerq#e. Vat U- eT RmS Varue-

{uiveq

u4*n

,*{=-l

t_
\ln

prfl

uJ

Vems

VTy,sinrr:['drJt

qve,

u*l{-

VRrn s =

r.i

P-r

p.f = l. ll
F-F= l.ul

:,T-

Vems = \ *1,{'"

vq, = {"
u71

(b)

uT1 Yr

VernS =

VmlL

- \Jv4

VKms

Vrvl

( clVnt

V&rl-g

i"iu;

Vav6

=-

r'.F

I .,1

P'F

1'q

FF: l'5?P'F= 2
t=.1= = J_

P'F =

(ell

vow=ry

z
v

(tr)

V Rnts = um

- Vrn/z-

Vau6

VRryu

!.tZ

= vm/;?

F'F

FoPrn Fa.CN=

&:2:

ind

Rms

arr&.:- vern6 =
.
_|

Venrs: v"fl

=, Vm1r'

lsnu

V"Vfr

:12
2

F.F: -:

\3

=,ft

p.tr

"-I{?

Pr=13

PecU<

Factcrr

= )_!_

VRrns

e oF Fet I qfrpi r r 4+lncrrtiavr

Vb tu

ta,r'o[t)t*Gj'

= Jr'

tr i ylet por.rJ<r eJlta*i piafi'oz1 irr

lcav = YlrlJt ) ?t.oa-=
huA',
*'R
(v" /{i)'
?qu

Q.g'

i.

, i=G-

P,F

uouf

fie Ke-sisfI of vr* 6 =vMlJL

=u^r1ft

RAZYCO O t-.

AH A N @ G M AI I-,"C*P*M

Page 29 of 96

09744236981

P. No:

;r6j<-e*i-

rn<-ter

o rn

Urh

VLT):
+

sintot
r.r.>

Eqv

Q.s.
A)+L'.

oll<

Hq

Lrra,ve- Rez4"l'Fi e!*lr.t

"- Yq
lro K

tr

= vq\ys
ER

Oy
loK

toK

-+uA.- l+

ic,lea.J ctrode. , tre-s istorf ot& . Vqlqe*

er nL{ Rqo.c[t'^&.* Arnrvf ete-Y.

N/tD iA haviur4-

lr

o'Y fiA'

(t)

= 1p sira ( u)t + 3oo) preSerDt im Ves.*oT oT pl161sor rcRtn2

ueitc{ trerm:+ loL3o") p6asor FoTm * [-a9o (ttJ.l<vcSKcL){2-

V=lol3o'

0'6,
A-UA

; i. ELJoo Fimcl

c-orr1p'e-x pstrJeT

7.

:-

q-T.

trirn"l vo l* o<e, ftc:,c.I.&

RL\

o
C-k+
ifr
Vm; .3? - lov.
2-

i"rot Uc*ot- 6l-rotr:r,n

VtP-P): 26v'
Y = lo/.ta
v R2-+

VIL =)

l"/{,

1 *ut-L

=)

VL

=J t{6 Vott.

l,r'n (t +t,15') .. z Lil : g Sirr tt -tts")

o d =e#frelfit
e4udma'
e iyrol crr"uit e-lemeYtt For f=rven \mtfgl?,e
U
.,
L
AHx l\l W9,a) L
I = 5oo

Q.8. V(+)=

Xl= Y
I

9_

W
Z/.fz

= t^)L = 3
Lxl= 3 -) L--

b., Lo=a

9o <)Lm eY1+ L.

Xu

zt+.
097A4236981

Page 30 of 96