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Computer Organization and Architecture

This document introduces computer architecture and organization. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to a programmer, such as the instruction set and data representation. Organization refers to how the architecture is implemented, involving control signals and interfaces. While different computer systems may share the same architectural elements, like the x86 and System/370 instruction sets, their internal organizations can differ between implementations. The document then outlines the basic structure and functions of a computer system at different levels, from overall components like CPU and memory, down to the internal structure of the CPU and its control unit.

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attaullahjohar040
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38 views

Computer Organization and Architecture

This document introduces computer architecture and organization. It defines architecture as the attributes visible to a programmer, such as the instruction set and data representation. Organization refers to how the architecture is implemented, involving control signals and interfaces. While different computer systems may share the same architectural elements, like the x86 and System/370 instruction sets, their internal organizations can differ between implementations. The document then outlines the basic structure and functions of a computer system at different levels, from overall components like CPU and memory, down to the internal structure of the CPU and its control unit.

Uploaded by

attaullahjohar040
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Organization

and Architecture
Chapter 1
Introduction

Architecture & Organization 1

Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer

Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms,
addressing techniques.

e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?

Organization is how features are implemented

Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.

e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?

Architecture & Organization 2

All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture

The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture

This gives code compatibility

At least backwards

Organization differs between different versions

Structure & Function

Structure is the way in which components relate to each other

Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure

Function

All computer functions are:

Data processing

Data storage

Data movement

Control

Functional View

Operations (a) Data movement

Operations (b) Storage

Operation (c) Processing from/to storage

Operation (d)
Processing from storage to I/O

Structure - Top Level

Peripherals

Computer
Central
Processing
Unit

Computer

Systems
Interconnection

Input
Output
Communication
lines

Main
Memory

Structure - The CPU

CPU
Computer

Arithmetic
and
Login Unit

Registers

I/O
System
Bus
Memory

CPU

Internal CPU
Interconnection

Control
Unit

Structure - The Control Unit


Control Unit
CPU

Sequencing
Login

ALU
Internal
Bus
Registers

Control
Unit

Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders

Control
Memory

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