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Integumentary System

The document provides an overview of the integumentary system, which consists of skin, hair, and nails. It describes the system's functions of protection, insulation, and sensory reception. The skin is made up of an outer epidermis and inner dermis layers containing specialized cells, glands, and tissues. Hair follicles in the dermis produce hair, while nails grow from nail roots. The integumentary system interacts with other body systems to regulate temperature, produce vitamin D, and remove wastes. Diseases can result from infections, tissue damage, irritation, or compression.

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377 views

Integumentary System

The document provides an overview of the integumentary system, which consists of skin, hair, and nails. It describes the system's functions of protection, insulation, and sensory reception. The skin is made up of an outer epidermis and inner dermis layers containing specialized cells, glands, and tissues. Hair follicles in the dermis produce hair, while nails grow from nail roots. The integumentary system interacts with other body systems to regulate temperature, produce vitamin D, and remove wastes. Diseases can result from infections, tissue damage, irritation, or compression.

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api-263280953
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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The Integumentary System

Skin, Hair, and Nails

A presentation by Ananya Somasekar, Nick Radcliffe, Joe Malliaras, and Brian Blair

What is the Integumentary System?


The integumentary system is the organ system that protect the internal
organs from various diseases and attacks.
This system consists of the hair, skin , and nails. The skin is only a few
millimeters thick but is by far the largest organ in the human body.
The skin acts like a forcefield barrier the protects the physical organs and
tissue beneath the skin. The skin protects from chemicals, diseases, UV
light, and physical damage.
The skin and nails extend from the skin to reinforce the skin and protect
the skin from environmental damage such as temperature changes.

Function
The main function of the Integumentary system is is for protection
It protects the internal organs and protects against infectious disease in the
skin
The Integumentary system also has other jobs including; insulating the body
and maintains the temperature, prevents dehydration, stores water and fat,
acts as a nerve receptor, and helps dispose of bodily waste

Organization
Skin:
Outer Epidermis Inner
Epidermis Dermis
Subcutaneous
Layer(Hypodermis)
Skin Appendages = Hair and
Nails

Specialized Cells and Tissues


Skin:
Epidermis - The epidermis is the outer layer of cells covering the internal
organs.
Outer - made up of dead cells(exposed to environment)
Inner - made up of living cells, and make keratin
Keratin - a tough, fibrous protein found in skin
Melanocytes - cells that produced melanin
Melanin - dark brown pigment found in skin(different
amounts of melanin the melanocytes produce and where they are
distributed determines differences of skin color

Specialized Cells and Tissues(Contd)


Skin
Dermis - inner layer of skin
Contains: collagen fibers, blood vessels, nerve endings, glands, sense
organs, smooth muscles, and hair follicles
Glands:
Sweat Glands: openings in the epidermis; stimulated by nerve
impulses when the bodys temperature rises above the normal
range
Sebaceous(oil) Glands: produce sebum that spreads out along
the
skins surface and keeps the epidermis flexible and waterproof

Specialized Cells and Tissues(Contd)


Hair
Hair Follicles - tubelike pockets of epidermal cells that extend to the
dermis(produces hair)
Sebaceous Glands - help maintain condition of hair
Stem Cells - give rise to epidermal cells
Exocrine - gland that produce sweat, wax, oils to cool, protect, and moisturize
the skin
Nails
Nail Root - area of rapidly dividing cells that nails grow from
Cell Division: cells of nail root fill with keratin and produce the
tough
cover that we see
Nails - protect our nerve sensors in our fingers

Relations with Other Systems


Skeletal System - IS protects the bones and makes the vitamin D that
bones need for calcium absorption/makes them stronger
Muscular System - IS protects the muscles MS produces heat
increases blood flow to skin promotes activation of sweat glands
Nervous System - cutaneous sensory receptors in skin help nervous
system regulate diameter of blood vessels, activate sweat glands, +
contribute to thermoregulation(maintenance of body temperature)
Endocrine System - IS converts hormones to active form/androgens
produced by endocrine system activate glands + regulate hair growth
Cardiovascular System - IS prevents fluid loss/Cardio system transports
oxygen + nutrients to skin + removes waste from skin/provides substances
needed by skin glands

Relations with Other Systems


Lymphatic System - IS helps prevent pathogen invasion/lymphatic
system prevents edema by picking up excessive fluid
Respiratory System - gives oxygen to skin cells + removes CO2 and gas
exchange with blood
Digestive System - IS provides vitamin D , and performs the same
chemical conversions as liver cells/DS provides nutrients to the skin
Urinary System - IS excretes salts + nitrogenous wastes in sweat/urinary
system activates vitamin D made by skin cells + disposes nitrogenous
wastes of skins metabolism
Reproductive System - cutaneous receptors respond to stimuli/has
modified sweat glands

Diseases in the Integumentary System


Ways the Integumentary System can get diseases:
Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections- Skin comes into contact with these
infections
Compression of the tissue- Body weight can destruct the tissue causing a
reduction of circulation
Inflammation after tissue is damaged- Damaged tissue can cause an
inflammation and other diseases
Irritation of outside sources like the sun, allergens, chemical exposure, and
temperature- the skin can become irritated through sources causing
inflammation or mutations in skin replication.

Sources
Biology Text Book
https://sites.google.com/a/nths219.org/the-integumentarysystem/interactions-with-other-systems
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/foxhumphys/student/olc/hreading4.html
http://sciencenetlinks.com/student-teacher-sheets/integumentarysystem/

Final Thoughts
Thanks for listening!! Questions?

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