PIPING GUIDE

Made by
A.1 CHECK LIST FOR ISOMETRICS
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22)

Line Nos.
Line Specs
Start Point Location
End Point Location
Branch Connection
Valve Accecibility
Support
Insulation (For Insulated Line Only)
Instrument Connection
Flow Arrow
High Point Vent, Low Point Drain
Hydro Test Vent And Drain
Nozzle Connection
Nozzle Nos.
Equipment Nos.
Coordinates And Elevations
Iso North
Bill Of Material
Valve Tag Nos.
Instruments Tag Nos.
Contination Sheets Or Iso. Nos.
Grid Location And Nos.

A.2 DOCUMENTS FOR ISOMETRICS CHECKING

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2)
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9)

Piping And Instrument Diagrames

Piping Layouts
Sectional Drawings
Equipment Drawings
Nozzle Orientations
Piping Specification
Suppotrs Standard
Special Items Drawings
Sress Analysis Report

A.3 POINTS TO REMEMBERS IN ISOMETRICS CHECKING

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18)

Pump Suction Is Bigger Than Discharge Line

Eccentric Reducer (Flat Side Top) Using For Pump Suction Line This Is Using For Avoid The Air
Block In Pump Suction.
Pump Suction Line And Compresser Suction Line Keep Always Downword Position, No Loops
Permitted To Pump Suction.
Psv Outlet Always Rising Position.
Check The Valve Accesibility For Maitainance Purpose. Valve Operating Height Min 250mm To
1200mm From Floor Level.
Lift Check Valve Always Horizontally Using. Swing Check Valve Verticaly And Horiontaly Using.
Control Station Operating Height 500mm To 750mm From Floor Level.
Shoe Not Required For Trunion. (Insulated Lines)
Headroom Clearance Minimum 2.2m From Ground/Floor Level.
Dripleg Required For Steam Line Header.
Shoe Required For Insulated Lines (Steam ,Chilled Water,Brine,Steam Condasate).
Shoe Not Required For Condansate Line When Line Will Be On Pipe Rack.
Nozzle Orientations Should Be Keep As Per Piping Requirement.
Avoid The Obstucles. Keep A Piping Routing Neat And Clearly.
Control Stations Locates Side Of Near The Walls Or Columns
Give A Trunion Supports To Control Station Both Side Of Control Valves.
Use A Dike Wall Around The Equipments For Avoid The Liquid To Spread In The Plant Area. The
Volume Of Dike Wall Is 1.5 Times More Than Total Capacity Of Equipments.
Use Weldneck Flange For Pressure Piping.

B.1 TYPES OF CONTROL VALVE

1) Pcv

Pressure control Valve

2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Temperature Control Valve

Flow Control Valve
Level Control Valve
Isolation Valve
High Pressure Control Valve

Tcv
Fcv
Lcv
Xv
Xcv

B.2 TYPES OF PUMPS

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Reciprocating Pump
Rotary Pump
Centrifugal Pump
Vacuum Pump
Metering Pump

B.3 TYPES OF EXCHANGER

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Air Cooler Exchanger

Plate Type Exchanger
Shell & Tube Exchanger
2 Pipe Exchanger
Spiral Exchanger

B.4 TYPES OF COMPRESSOR

1) Elevated Centrifugal Compressor
2) Grade-Mounted Centrifugal Compressor
3) Reciprocating Compressor

B.5 TYPES OF TOWER

1) Tray Tower
2) Packed Tower
3) Vacuume Tower

B.6 TYPES OF VALVE

1) Gate Valve

2) Globe Valve

3) Check Valve (Non Return Valve)

4) Ball Valve

5) Butterfly Valve
6) Diaframe Valve
7) Plug Valve

B.7 TYPE OF FLANGES

1) Weldneck Flange

(Flat Face,Race Face)

2) Slipon Flange

3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Lap Joint Flange

Reducing Flange
Screwed Flange
Blind Flange
Socketweld Flange

Do

(Flat Face)
(Flat Face,Race Face)

B.7A PRESSURE TEMPERATURE RATTING

150#, 300#, 400#, 600#, 900#, 1500#, 2500#.

B.7B FLANGES FACING

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Ff
Rf
T/G
M/F
Rtj

Flat Face
Raise Face
Tongue And Groove Face
Male And Female Faces
Ring Type Joint Faces

B.8 TYPES OF FITTINGS

1) 90 Elbow, 45 Elbow
(Butt Welded, Socket Welded, Threded)
2) Equal Tee, Reducing Tee
Do
3) Cap,Union,Plug, Half Coupling, Full Coupling, Lateral.

B.9 TYPES OF OLETS

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Laterolet
Elbowlet
Weldolet
Sockolet
Threadolet

6) Sweepolet
7) Nippolet

B.10 TYPES OF REDUCER

1) Eccentric Reducer
2) Concentric Reducer
3) Swages

(Butt Welded)
(Butt Welded)
(Socket Weld, Threded)

B.11 TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS

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9)

Psv
Lg
Li
Pg
Pi
Cv
Ti
Tw
Fe
Fi
Fo

Pressure Safety Valve

Level Guage
Level Indicator
Pressure Guage
Pressure Indicator
Control Valve
Temperature Indicator
Thermowell
Flow Elements
Flow Indicators
Flow Orifice Flanges

A GENERAL PURPOSE
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Control Valves (Globe, Ball, Butterfly)

On/Off Valves (Ball, Butterfly)
Relief Valves (Pressure, Thermal)
Rapture Disc
Restriction Orifice

B FLOW MESSURING INSTRUMENTS

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Orifice Plate
Variable Aria Flow Meter
Magnetic Flow Meter
Turbine Flow Meter
Positive Displacement Meter

C TEMPERATURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Thermocouples
Resistance Temperature Detactors
Filled System
Bimetallic Thermometres
Thermowells

D PRESSURE MESSURING INSTRUMENTS

1)
2)
3)
4)

Manometer
Bourden Type
Bellow Type
Diaphragm Type

E LEVEL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Level Guage (Direct Type)

Hydrostatic Head (Inferential)
Buoyancy
Conductance
Capacitance
Radiation
Float

B.12 SPECIAL ITEMS

1) Steam Trap (Float Type, Thermodynamic,Bucket)
2) Orifice Flange
3) Flow Elements

4) Strainner (Y Type Srainner, Bucket Type Strainner)

B.13 TYPES OF PIPE ENDS

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Pbe
Ple
Pse
Ble
Tse

Plain Both End

Plain Large End
Plain Small End
Bevelled Large End
Threaded Small End

B.14 TYPES OF GASKETS

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Full Face
Inside Bolt Circle
Spiral Wound Mettalic
Ring Type
Metal Jacketed

C.1 SERVICE CODE FOR UTILITY LINES

1) Lps
Low Pressure Steam
2) Hps
High Pressure Steam
3) Mps
Medium Pressure Steam
4) Cws Cooling Water Supply
5) Cwr Cooling Water Return
6) Chws
Chilled Water Supply
7) Chwr
Chilled Water Return
8) Bs
Brine Supply
9) Br
Brine Return
10) Ia
Instrument Air
11) Ca
Compress Air
12) Dmw
Potable Water35
13) Ps
Process Water

C.2 SERVICE CODE FOR PROCESS LINE

1) Fg = Fuel Gas
2) Pa = General Hydrocarbon
3) Pb = Hydrocarbon With Sulfer
4) Pc = Hydrocarbon With Hydrogen
5) Pd = Hydrocarbon With Hydrogen & H2s
6) Pe = Hydrocarbon With Sour Water
7) Cb = High Strenght Caustic
8) Va = Sulphuric Acid
9) Ha = Hydrocloric Acid
10) Cc = Low Strenght Caustic
11) Ct = Catalyst
12) Hy = Hydrogen
13) Ch = Chemicals
14) Ni = Nitrogen
15) Ca = Amines
16) Su = Molten Sulphur
17) Ga = Gaseus Extinguishant
18) Dl = Diesel
19) Fg = Fuel Gas
20) Fs = Fuel Gas (Sour)
21) Fo = Fuel Oil
22) Rt = Refrigerant
23) Lg = Flue Gas
24) Lo = Lube Oil
25) Ba = General Hydrocarbon
26) Bb = Hydrocarbon With Sulphur
27) Bc = Hydrocarbon With Hydrogen
28) Bd = Hydrocarbon With Hydrogen & H2s
29) Be = Hydrocarbon With Sour Water

D.1 SHORT CODE

1) Ibr
2) Astm
3) Ansi
4) Smls
5) Thd
6) Bw
8) Sw
9) Ecc. Red.
10) Conc.Red.
11) Eq.Tee
12) Red. Tee
13) Clpg
14) Vlv
15) Str
16) T
17) Elb
18) Fof.El.
19) Ptfl.El.
20) Gr.El
21) Sch
22) Thk
23) Eqpt
24) Sorf
25) Soff
26) Wnrf
27) Wnff
28) Bop.El.
29) Cl.El.
30) Pcd
31) Nb
32) Ns
33) Be
34) Isi
35) Fst
36) Fsd
37) Suc.
38) Disch.
39) Wp.El.
40) Ga
41) P&Id

Indian Boiler Regulation Act

American Society Of Testing Material
American National Standard Institute
Seamless
Threded
Butt Welded
Socket Welded
Eccentric Reducer
Concentric Reducer
Equal Tee
Reducing Tee
Coupling
Valve
Strainner
Trap
Elbow
Finish Floor Elevation
Platform Elevation
Ground Elevation
Schedule
Thickness
Equipment
Slipon Rase Face
Slipon Flat Face
Weldneck Rase Face
Weldneck Flat Face
Bottom Of Elevation
Center Line Elevation
Pitch Circle Dia.
Nominal Bore
Nominal Size
Beveled End
Indian Standard Institute
Flat Side Top
Flat Side Down
Suction
Discharge
Work Point Elevation
General Arrangement
Piping And Instrument Diagrames

D.2 AMERICAN STANDARD

42)
43)
44)
45)
46)
47)
48)

Astm
Api
Aisi
Ansi
Aws
Awwa
Asme

The American Society Of Testing Materials

The Americal Petroleum Institute
The American Iron And Steel Institute
The American National Standard Institute
The American Welding Society
The American Water Works Association
The American Society Of Mechanical Engineers

D.3 API STANDARDS

1)
2)
3)
4)

Api5l
Api6d
Api600
Api 605

Specification For Pipe Line

Pipe Line Valves, End Closers, Connectors, And Swivels
Steel Gate Valve
Large Diametre Carbon Steel Flanges

D.4 ANSI STANDARDS

1) Ansi/Asme 31.1
2) Ansi/Asme 31.2
3) Ansi/Asme-31.3

Power Piping-1995
Fuel Gas Piping-1968
Chemical Petroleum Refinery Piping-1993

D.5 BRITISH STANDARD

1) BS10
2) BS806
3) BS916
4) BS1560
5) BS1414
6) BS1600
7) BS1965
8) BS2080
9) BS2598
10) BS3351

FLANGES
PIPES AND FITTINGS FOR BOILER
BLACK BOLTS,NUTS AND SCREWS
STEEL PIPE FLANGES
GATE VALVES FOR PETROLEUM INDUSTRIES
DIMENSIONS OF STEEL PIPES
BUTT WELDING PIPE FITTINGS
FACE TO FACE /END TO END DIMENSIONS OF VALVES
GLASS PIPE LINES AND FITTINGS.
PIPING SYSTEM FOR PETROLEUM REFINERIES

E.1 DRAWINGS
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Study Layout
General Arrangement Drawings
Piping And Instrument Diagrames
Sectional Layouts
Civil Layouts
Equipment Layouts
Fabrication Details Drawing
Foudation Details Drawings
Structural Layout
Isometrics
Piping Details Layout
Nozzle Orientations
Plot Plan
Flow Diagrame

F1 PROCESS DESIGN CODE FOR SERVICE

1) Sulfer
2)

Asme B31.3

F2.PIPING MATERIAL CODE

1) Buttwelded Fittings
2) Spectacle Blind
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Piping
Valve
Flange
Small Fittings
Gasket

A234-Wp5, Sch.40, B16.9

Buttweld, 5crom Molydenum Alloysteel Per Astm Grade
Wp5,Schedule 40, Per Ansi B16.9
A240-304h 600lb Rf Smth
Stainless Steel, Per Astm A240 Grade 321, Class 600, Per Api
590
Cs. A106 Gr. B
Cs A216 Wcb
Asme B16.5, Class 150 Ratting
As A182 F5
Spiral Wound

G.1 PIPE ENDS

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Bevelled Ends
Plain Ends
Screwed Ends
Flanged Ends
Spigot/Socket Ends
Buttress End

H.1 PIPE MATERIALS

1) Astm A53
2) Astm A106
3) Api
4) Is
5) Is

Welded And Seamless Pipe

Seamless Cs Pipe For High Temp. Services
5l
Line Pipe
1239
Steel Pipes For General Pupose
3589
Steel Pipes For General Services

H.2 DIMENSIONAL STANDARD

1) Ansi B16.1
2) Ansi B16.3
3) Ansi B16.4
4) Ansi B16.5
5) Ansi B16.9
6) Ansi B16.11

Cast Iron Flanged End Fittings

Malleable Iron Threded Fittings
Cast Iron Threded Fittings
Steel Flanged End Fittings
Buttwelding End Fittings
Socketweld And Screwed End Fittings

H.3 SW/SCRD FITTING MATERIALS

1) Astm 105
2) Astm A181
3) Astm A182
4) Astm A234
5) Astm A350

Forged Carbon Steel

Forged Carbon Steel For General Purposes
Forged Alloy Steel And Stainless Steel
Wrought Carbon Steel And Elevated Alloy Steel Pipe
Fitting For Moderate And Elevated Temperatures
Forged Alloy Steel For Low Temperature Services

H.3 BUTTWELDED END FITTINGS

1) Astm A234
2) Astm A403
3) Astm A420

Carbon Steel Fittings

Austenitic Stainless Steel Fittings
Alloy Steel For Low Temperature Services.

H.4 FLANGED END FITTINGS

1) Astm 216
2) Astm 351
3) Astm A352
4) Astm F 1545
5) Is 1538

Carbon Steel Castings

Stainless Steel Castings
Alloy Steel Castings
Plasting Lined Fittings
Ci Fittings

H.5 PIPING PACKAGES

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19)
20)

Exchanger Piping
Reactor Piping
Tower Piping
Column Piping
Pump Suction Discharge Piping
Pipe Rack Piping
Boiler Piping
Cooling Tower Piping
Chiller Piping
Steam Trap Assembly
Control Valve Assembly
Steam Manifold Assembly
Utility Manifold Assembly
Offsite Area Piping
Tank Farm Area Piping
Trench Piping
Under Ground Piping
Domestic Piping
Diesel Engine Piping
Compressor Piping

Piping Concepts
Site Plan
Considerations
All aspects of safety, operability, maintenance, constructability and economics.
Layout and spacing of the roads, process plants, tanks and piperacks.
Equipment location & spacing, associated piping, controls & maintenance & constructability
Good accessibility to valves and instruments, avoiding hazardous obstructions like misplaced manifolds,
valve stems & support columns.
Constructability to ensure no obstruction to transportation, lifting & erection of equipment due to adjacent
plant, structures or equipment and compliance to sequenced construction plan.
Potential late delivery of large equipment items to avoid serious impact on construction schedule.
One overall site plan for the entire complex, interconnecting piperacks and their relative locations to be
made.
Process units and offplot facilities, to be constructed to common schedule to be grouped and located to
ensure minimum impact from and to the operating plant during construction for later phases.
Prevailing wind direction to be considered for special cases.
For e.g., Flares for the refinery to be located upwind of the process units.
Layout of the tankage area to suit the flow of products and feed stocks with the pumps stations located
outside of the bunded area.
Roads to be provided around the tanks for access to all areas for maintenance & fire fighting.
Unit Plot Plan
One unit plot plan for each process unit.
Equipment layout & spacing to allow for maintenance & constructability
Air coolers to be on top of a pipe rack. No equipment is to be located above or below
coolers to facilitate access to place the air coolers and remove the tube bundle for
maintenance.
Furnaces and boilers to be located at plot boundaries for ease of access. Adequate dropout
and swinging space for tube pulling by mobile crane.
Fired heaters to be located upwind of process units. In congested process areas, heater
locations to provide the lowest risk of fire or explosion.
Exchangers to be with channel end away from piperacks to facilitate tube bundle removal
Pumps handling flammable materials not to be located below piperacks but to be placed
with centreline of discharge at min. 1.5 m from the centre line of pipework column.
Compressors to be located adjacent to roadway and downwind from heaters & to be in
shelters to provide protection for equipment & personnel. Bridge or gantry crane for
removal of compressor components.
Vertical vessels to be placed on a common centreline parallel to the main piperack USO.
Horizontal vessels to be located to minimise piping runs & to be lined up with their
tangents on a common locating line.
Reactors to be located for ease of access during catalyst unloading and loading
operations. Space to be provided for cranes and storage of spent and new catalyst.

Pipe Stress Analysis

Purpose
To ensure that piping is routed and supported so that no damage occurs to either the pipe or
associated equipment due to the effects of thermal expansion or contraction, or loads resulting from
weight, pressure, wind earthquake, pulsation, shock, foundation settlement, etc.

Procedure
Ensuring compliance to all Code, Client and Inspection Authority requirements pertaining to Piping
Stress Analysis.
Establishing all operating functions including start-up,
shutdown, steam-out, various combinations of equipment working and idle, bypasses in and out of
use, de-coking, etc., for lines to be analyzed.
Stress Critical Line List Review.
Nozzle loads calculations.
Check for flange leakage where bending moments are large, including flanged connections at
equipment.
Anchor loads on structures and/or foundations.
Finalising the location of spring supports with required loads and movements on the Stress sketch.
Analysing requirement of reinforcement at branch connections, (other than for internal/external
pressure considerations covered by the Piping Material Specification), or at concentrated loading
points.
Considering expansion joints in stress analysis
Checking position of fixed and sliding supports of heat exchangers, horizontal drums, etc.
Review of vendor drawings for equipment nozzle loadings.

Piping Layout (GA)

Purpose

For piping installation within a construction area.

Information for construction planning.
Information for testing and pre-commissioning.

Information for Plant Operators

Methodology

Piping arrangement drawings produced in two stages:

Planning drawing (study sketches / 2D CAD )
To solve major design problems, transmit information & co-ordinate activities of the
different design departments.
Preliminary piping arrangement for inter-discipline review & comment.
Final drawings (3D CAD model or Non-CAD manual drawing)
For 2" and larger lines with dimensions and labelling

GA Using 3D CAD Model

G.A. drawings to be extracted from 3D CAD model.

All verification, geometric & clash checks to be completed (including equipment checks to
vendor data) before IFC GA extraction.

Non-CAD GAs

Additional Pipe support GAs issued for construction to reflect pipe support requirements
only.

Design Data

High point of grade.

Column and vessel orientation design sketches including:
nozzles and manways
column and vessel piping
platform and ladder size
instrument orientation and location
height of tower and vessel skirts
Orientation of major equipment nozzles, i.e. pumps, exchangers, compressors, etc.

Top of grout for all equipment foundations & pads.

Pipe rack widths, bent spacing and top of support elevation of main pipe racks.
Allocation of space for electrical, instrument racks, analyser houses, switchgear, and utility hose
stations.
Location of all main structural columns.
Elevations of structural levels and extent of platforms, ladders and stairs required.

Contents of Piping Layout

Equipment co-ordinates.
Elevations (Piping, Equipment, Platforms, etc.).
Line No. Identification and Flow Arrow.
Instrument Identification
Match lines.
Drawing Continuation References.
Key Plan Identification.
Complete "Holds" List.
Reference Drawings.

Structural Column Identification

Piping Layout - Checkpoints

Conformance with P&ID's for

Line number, size, classification, direction of flow.
Instrument connections and numbers (long form).
Piping material classification changes.
Drawing "Holds" list.
Drawing title block & Drawing key plan.
Compliance with standard drawings and plot plan.
Adjacent drawings & key plans for correct co-ordinates & drawing references.
Fire & Safety requirements & location of fire fighting equipment.
Location of Drain hubs, Utility stations, safety showers, eyewashes, drinking fountains & ladders.
No fouling of piping with structures, equipment and other lines.
Requirements for operating aisles, headway and roadway clearances and other mandatory

dimensional clearances

Piping Isometrics
Purpose

Adequate information to fabricate shop pipework.

Adequate information to field run small bore piping.
Adequate information to erect the pre-fabricated pipe spools.
Adequate means of identifying materials for above mentioned isometrics.
Adequate information for locating & identifying pipe supports welded to shop fabricated pipework.

Methodology
Shop and field isometrics to be extracted/drawn & self-contained within a model base, plant or unit as
defined at start of job.
Shop isometrics to be adequately dimensioned to enable spooling and/or shop fabrication.
Field isometrics to be extracted/drawn with overall dimensions only for material purposes & to
assist field erection.

Isometrics using 3D CAD Model

Isometrics to be extracted from 3D CAD model.

Isometrics need not be fully checked dimensionally.
P & ID check of the isometric and yellow off to be done.
Material to be downloaded from model.

Isometric to be downloaded for piping spool drawings.

Non-CAD Isometrics

Manually prepared on Isometric Sheet.

Both dimensional and P&ID checks to be done.
Material to be manually entered.

Contents of Piping Isometrics

Line Number & Size
Pipe Classification
Direction of Flow
Equipment Reference & Nozzle Identification
Structural Number Identification
Isometric Drawing Continuation References
All Valving (except vent and drain valves)
Strainers, Traps & Flexible Hoses
Break with Shop and Field
Field Welds (but not shop welds)
Vents (as V) & Drains (as D)
Orifice Assemblies
Spectacle Blinds and Spacers
Instrument Numbers, such as PI, TIs, TWs, etc.
Instrument Connections
Out of Specification Items
Sample Points
Special Shop Attachment of Pipe Support
Dummy Legs
Cold Pull
Special Line Features, such as Fall, Reinforcing Pads, Weep Holes, Welded Lugs, etc.
Spool Identification (suffix letter only)
Insulation (include limit)

Piping Material
Scope

Material take-off
Updating & control of material quantities with design
Monitoring of material requisitions.

Method

Automated Material Control

MTO download from 3D CAD Model

Manual Material Entry (for non-modelled items).

Link to Procurement Tracking System

Piping Stock Code

Project Stock Code Index generated by Piping Material Classes to be issued as a project
specification.

Responsibility

Lead Piping Engineer to schedule and co-ordinate all piping material take-off activities and material
requisitioning.
Civil Group to give take-off of underground carbon steel non-pressure piping using the appropriate
piping class.
Instrument Group to give take-off of all instrument piping beyond the primary (root) block valve
(except at level instruments).
Electrical Group to give take-off of all electrical cable duct piping.
Piping Materials Engineer to transmit a summary of all tubing and tubing fittings requirements to
Instrument Group for requisitioning.

Material Control

Initial material take off from :

Completed preliminary line routings in the CAD model

Manual take off from P&IDs

Total forecast material requirements including working surplus and contingency form the basis of
the Bulk Material Requisitions.
Frequency & timing of material extractions from CAD model & manual MTO ensure that bulk
material status is concurrent with design.
Field material control is possible as the data within the piping material control programme is
downloaded to Procurement Tracking System.
Material requisitions issued to procurement for enquiry/ purchase.
MR quantities issued for purchase (initial & at each revision) are downloaded to Procurement
Tracking System.

Statutory Requirements
Applicable Codes

International piping codes and standards accepted in India

ASME/ANSI B31.1, Power Piping

ASME/ANSI B31.3, Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping

Oil Industry Safety Directorate,Standard 118.
Layout & spacing of roads,buildings,storage tanks and all equipment

Authority Approval

Indian Boiler Regulations (IBR)

Materials and fabrication associated with steam and boiler feed systems.
Chief Controller of Explosives. (CCOE)
All Plot Plans for approval together with safety radii from various sources. (Hazardous Area
Drawings).
Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC)

Fire protection system & material selection