Ap Statistics — Chapter 7 - Test Review iz a Recall ee Rules for Means of RV Rules for Variances of RV 20? LMavoe = a + Diy 1.0 ssp.= b'O% => fyouperforma tinea transformation on every data point, the mean will change according to the same formula, 2 og? 2. Hxey = Bx + By LO x y= OK OY = Ifyou combine two variables into one distribution by adding or subtracting, the mean of the new distribution can be calculated using the same operation. 2 2 4 Oxy = Ont Oy = Kand ¥ must be. Mean for Discrete RV \Varlance/Standard Deviation for E0Ki— Bs)” Pi nate! Rr) > 2 Application [Expected Value] You own a very rare painting that is worth $15,000 and you are insuring it through a popular insurance company used throughout the art community. You pay the insurance company $220 annually to insure your painting under the following circumstances: ‘If the painting is stolen, the company will cover the full value of the piece. ‘If the painting is damaged, the company will cover % of the value. Based on empirical probability, the company states that the probability of the painting getting stolen is 0.001 and the probability that the painting will be damaged is 0.02. 1. Whats the expected long-run value of this business deal for the insurance company? Is it a good deal for them? 2. What is the standard deviation for the value of this business deal for the insurance company?Test 7A AP Statistics Name: Directions: Work on these sheets. Part 1: Multiple Choice. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. 1. Suppose X is a random variable with mean 4. Suppose we observe X many times and keep track of the average of the observed values. ‘The Jaw of large numbers says that (a) the value of will get larger and larger as we observe X. (b) as we observe X more and more, this average and the value of will get larger and larger. (©) this average will get closer and closer to 4 as we observe X more and more often. (d) as we observe X more and more, this average will get to be a larger and larger multiple of . (©) None of the above. 2. Ina population of students, the number of calculators owned is a random variable X with P(X =0) = 0.2, PK = 1) = 0.6, and P(X = 2)= 0.2. The mean of this probability distribution is (a) 0. (b)2. i Ax, » 1 (0.5. (c) The answer cannot be computed from the information given. 3. Refer to the previous problem. The variance of this probability distribution is @1. (b) 0.63. (©) 0.5. : 04. (e) The answer cannot be computed from the information given. 4. The number of calories in a one-ounce serving of a certain breakfast cereal is a random variable with mean 110. The number of calories in a full cup of whole milk is a random variable with mean 140. For breakfast you eat one ounce of the cereal with 1/2 cup of whole milk. Let Z be the random variable that represents the total number of calories in this breakfast. The mean of Z is (@) 110. (b) 140. tg 180. (d) 250. (©) 195. 5. The weight of reports produced in a certain department has a Normal distribution with mean 60 g and standard deviation 12 g. What is the probability that the next report will weigh less than 45 g? (a) 0.1042 (6}.0.1056 | (©) 0.3944 hs (d) 0.0418 Le (©) The answer cannot be computed from the information given. EOS Chapter 7 1 Tet 7A6. Let X and Y be discrete random variables and let a and 6 be constants Which of the following is FALSE? (a) mean (X + Y) = mean (X) + mean (¥), (b) mean (X ~ Y) = mean (X) — mean (Y). (c) mean (aX) = (a)(mean (X)) (@) mean (a + bX) = a+b mean X (©) 1£X and ¥ are independent, then mean (X/Y) = mean (X)/mean (Y) 7. Xand Y are independent random variables, and a and are constants, Here are some statements about variances and standard deviations. 1. Variance (X + Y) = Var (X) + Var (Y) A. Ox+y = Ox + 0y ——> IM, Var(a + BX) = b Var (X) IW-0x-y = ox- oy V. Var(X ~ Y) = Var (X) + Var (Y) Which of the following statements are TRUE? (Vv LV OLU @IL,Vv (e) None of the statements is true. 8. A randomly chosen subject arrives for a study of exercise and fitness. Consider these statements. 1. After 10 minutes on an exercise bicycle, you ask the subject to rate his or her effort on the Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale, RPE ranges in whole-number steps from 6 (no exertion at all) to 20 (maximum exertion). ¢ You measure VO2, the maximum volume of oxygen consumed per minute during exercise. VO2 is generally between 2.5 liters per minute and 6 liters per minute, IIL. You measure the maximum heart rate (beats per minute), The statements that describe a discrete random variable are (@) None of the statements describes a discrete random variable. I. (@u. 1, I. (©), M1. Chapter 7 A Test 7APart 2: Free Response “Answer completely, but be concise. Write sequentially and show all steps. 9. A box contains ten $1 bills, five $2 bills, three $5 bills, one $10 bill, and one $100 bill. A person is charged $20 to select one bill (@) Identify the random variable. X= y\-« d (b) Construct a probability distribution for these data, (©) Find the expected value. (@ Is the game fair? Explain briefly. louis <2, 0] ACT scores for the 1,171,460 members of the 2004 high school graduating class who took the test ~~ ©" closely followed the Normal distribution with mean 20.9 and standard deviation 4.8. Choose two students independently and at random from this group. (a) What is the expected sum of their scores? (b) What is the expected difference of their scores? (©) What is the standard deviation of the difference in their scores? (4) Find the probability that the sum of their scores is greater than 50. Show your method. Chapter 7 3 Test TA11. Patients receiving artificial knees often experience pain after surgery. The pain is measured on a subjective scale with possible values of 1 to 5. Assume that X is a random variable representing the pain score for a randomly selected patient. The following table gives part of the probability distribution for X. Pee PRX) 0.7 0.20.3 (@ Find POX= 5). (b) Find the probability that the pain score is less than 3. (©) Find the mean y for this distribution, (@ Find the variance for this distribution. (£) Suppose the pain scores for two randomly selected patients are recorded. Let Y be the random variable representing the sum of the two scores. Find the mean of Y. (g) Find the standard deviation of Y. Ipledge that I have neither given nor received aid on this test. __ (Chapter 7 4 Test 7ATest 7C AP Statistics Name: Directions: Work on these sheets. Part 1: Multiple Choice. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. 1. A random variable Y has the following distribution: x PO) 3c 26 The value of the constant C is: (0.10. (b) 0.15, (©) 0.20. @ 0.25, (© 0.75. 2. A random variable X has a probability distribution as follows: x 0 1 2 3 Px) 2k i isk ak sees at P(X <2.0) isequal to 2° * Then the probability (a) 0.90. 0.25. é (©) 0.65. oS @ 0.15. (©) 1.00. \ 3. Cans of soft drinks cost $ 0.30 in a certain vending machine. What is the expected value and variance of daily revenue (Y) from the machine, if X, the number of cans sold per day has E(X) = 125, and Var(X) = 50? (a) E(Y) =37.5, Var(Y) = 50 (O) E(Y) = 37.5, Var(Y) =4.5 (©) E(Y) = 37.5, Var(¥) = 15 “ (@) E(Y) = 37.5, Var) = 30 £ (©) E(Y) = 125, Var(Y)=4.5 4 /. 4. A rock concert producer has scheduled an outdoor concert. [fit is warm that day, she expects to make a $20,000 profit. If it is cool that day, she expects to make a $5000 profit. IF itis very cold that day, she expects to suffer a $12,000 loss. Based upon historical records, the weather office has estimated the chances of a warm day to be 0.60; the chances of a cool day to be 0.25. What is the producer’s expected profit? (a) $5000 (b) $13,000 (©) $15,050 fi (@) $13,250 x $11,450 Chapter 7 1 Test 7C5. In a particular game, a fair die is tossed. If the number of spots showing is either 4 or 5, you win SI, if the number of spots showing is 6, you win $4, and if the number of spots showing is 1, 2, or 3, you win nothing. Let X be the amount that you win. The expected value of X is (a) $0.00. b) $1.00. rs : (©) $2.50. | (d) $4.00. x (©) $6.00. PO = {= Questions 6 and 7 use the following: Suppose X is a random variable with mean jx and standard deviation ox. Suppose Y is a random variable with mean pry and standard deviation oy. 6. The mean of X + ¥ is @ oxt py (b) (ux! ox) + (uy/oy). (©) ax+ ny, but only if X and Y are independent. (@) (ax/ox) + (uv/oy), but only if X and Y are independent, (©) None of these. 7. The variance of X + ¥ is (@) Ox + oy. () (ax)? + (ov). (©) ox + oy, but only if X and Y are independent. {@ (ow? + (ov), but only if X and Y are independent. (e) None of these. 8. Suppose X is a continuous random variable taking values between 0 and 2 and having the probability density function below, (a) 0.50. (©) None of these. (Chapter 7 2 Test 1CTest 7D AP Statistics Name: Directions: Work on these sheeis. Part 1: Multiple Choiee. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. 1. A random variable is (a) a hypothetical list of possible outcomes of a random phenomenon. (b) any phenomenon in which outcomes are equally likely, a any number that changes in a predictable way in the long run, ( © a variable whose value is a numerical outcome of a random phenomenon, ‘None of the above, Questions 2, 3, and 4 refer to the following information. X is a random variable that takes the value A between X = 0 and X = 2 and is zero everywhere else, X defines a uniform density curve. 2, The probability that X is between 0.5 and 1.5 is ) it (a) 14, [@) 172. (©) 3/4. @1 © 14° — R 3. The probability that X is at least 1.5 is a aseanea cee @ 0. (4. (©) 13. @ 1/2. @1. 4, The probability that X= 1.5 is [c a he fe fe 0. (b) 1/4, (©) 1. (d@) 1/2, © 1. e for Aver 5. Let the random variable X represent the profit made on a randomly selected day by a certain store, = Assume X is Normal with a mean of $360 and standard deviation $50. P(X > $400) is (@) 0.2881. ~ (b) 0.8450, (©) 0.7881. (d) 0.7119 (e} 0.2119 6. Let the random variable X represent the amount of money Dan makes doing lawn care in a randomly selected week in the summer. Assume that X is Normal with mean $240 and standard deviation $60. The probability is approximately 0.6 that, in a randomly selected week, Dan will make less than (a) $144 f (b) $216 « (ch $255 @) $360 (©) The answer cannot be determined from the information given. Chapter 7 1 Test 7D7. Am insurance company has estimated the following cost probabilities for the next year on a @ particular model of car: Cost | $0 [$500 | $1000 | $2000 Probability [0.60 | 0.05 | 0.13 |? The expected cost to the insurance company is (approximately) (a) S155. $595. i pons ew $875. 5 ey z a (@) $645. (e) $495, Hes 8. Suppose we have a loaded die that gives the outcomes 1 to 6 according to the probability distribution x ad PR) 0.1 Note that for this die all outcomes are nor equally likely, as would be if this die were fair. If this die is rolled 6000 times, then Z,, the sample mean of the number of spots on the 6000 rolls, should be about (a) 3. f6)330. n - Ex) = 2 (e) 3.50. @ (a) 4.50. (©) 3.25. Questions 9 and 10 relate to the following information. The weight of medium-size oranges selected at random from a bin atthe local supermarket is a random variable with mean = 10 ounces and standard deviation = 1 ounce, 9. Suppose we pick two oranges at random from the bin. The difference in the weights of the two “oranges selected (the weight of the first orange minus the weight of the second orange) is a random variable with a mean (in ounces) of (a) 10. () 1. (©) 141 Go. © 5. 10. Suppose we pick two oranges at random from the bin. The difference in the weights of the two ranges selected (the weight of the first orange minus the weight of the second orange) is a random variable with a standard deviation (in ounces) of (a) 0. ) 1. ©2 @ 22. 14l. Chapter 7 2 Test 7DPart 2: Free Response Answer completely, but be concise. Write sequentially and show all steps. 11, Suppose that a discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution, x 1 3 5 Px) a if vz (@) Find the mean 1, of X. (©) Define the new random variable Y= 3X + 1. Use the properties of the mean of linear functions of random variables and your results in the previous parts to find the mean of Y. (@) Use the properties of the variance of linear functions of random variables to calculate the variance and standard deviation of the new random variable Y. Chapter 7 3 Test 7D