A. L 1 + EXERCISES + Objective Questions ick the correct option. A particle is travelling with a constant speed. This ‘means {a) its position remains constant as time passes (b) it covers equal distances in equal time intervals (©) its acceleration is zero (a) it does not change its direction of motion ‘A particle moves with a uniform velocity. (a) The particle must be at rest. (b) The particle moves along a curved path. (©) The particle moves along a circle. (d) The particle moves along a straight line. If a particle covers equal distances in equal time intervals, itis said to (a) beat rest (b) move with a uniform speed (©) move with a uniform velocity (a) move with a uniform acceleration ‘A quantity has a value of ~6.0 m/s. It may be the (a) speed of a particle (b) velocity of a particle (©) acceleration of a particle (d) position of a particle ‘The area under a graph between two quantities is given in the unit m/s. The quantities are (a) speed and time (©) distance and time (©) acceleration and time (a) velocity and time ‘The area under a speed-time graph is represented by the unit (a) m ) m* © mm (a) m* -. The velocity-time graph of a particle is not a straight line. Its acceleration is (@) zero (©) negative (©) constant (d) variable . If a particle moves with a constant speed, the distance-time graph is a (a) straight line (©) stairlike line (©) circle (d) polygon |. The distance-time graph of an object moving in a fixed direction is shown in Figure 2.E1. Time Fig. 2.61 The object (a) isat rest (b) moves with a constant velocity (c) moves with a variable velocity (d) moves with a constant acceleration 10, The distance-time graph of an object is shown in Figure 2.E2. Distance Fig, 2.62 The object (a) isat rest {b) moves with a constant speed (€) moves with a constant velocity (d) moves with a constant acceleration 11. The speed-time graph of an object moving in a fixed direction is shown in Figure 2.E3. | i | Time Fig, 2.63, The object (a) isatrest (b) moves with a constant speed (©) moves with a constant velocity (d) moves with a constant acceleration36 12, OL. m1. Foundation Science: Physics for Class 9 The speed-time graph of an object moving in a fixed direction is shown in Figure 2.E4. Time 2.64 The object (a) is at rest (b) moves with fluctuating speed (©) moves with a constant speed (d) moves with a nonzero acceleration In circular motion the (a) direction of motion is fixed (b) direction of motion changes continuously (©) acceleration is zero (@) velocity is constant ‘Mark the statements true (T) or false (F). If A moves with respect to B then B moves with respect to A. Scalar quantities can be added according to the rules of arithmetic. ‘The magnitude of the displacement of a particle can, be greater than the distance traversed. ‘The magnitude of the displacement of a particle can be equal to the distance traversed. ‘Vector quantities can be added according to the rules of arithmetic. The displacement of a particle in a 10-minute interval is zero. Its velocity at every instant in this interval must be zero, A particle is known to be at rest at time #=0. Its acceleration at t = 0 must be zero. For a particle moving with a constant velocity, the distance-time graph is a straight line. For a particle moving with a constant acceleration along a straight line, the velocity-time graph is a straight line, Fill in the blanks. A vector quantity has magnitude as well as ... Distance is a ...... quantity as it has no direction. Displacement isa ...... quantity. km/h’ is a unit of The slope of a distance-time graph gives ..... The speed-time graph for a particle moving at a constant speed is a straight line ...... to the time-axis. B. 7. When an object moves in a fixed direction with a uniform acceleration, the speed-time graph is a 8, Thearea under the speed-time graph gives the .. 9. The area under the velocity-time graph gives the Very-Short-Answer Questions Answer the following in one word ar maximum one sentence. You are walking towards India Gate. Is India Gate at rest with respect to you or is it moving with respect to you? 2. Which of the following are scalar quantities? (a) Mass (b) Displacement (©) Speed (d) Velocity 3. Here are certain positions of a particle which can move in a horizontal plane. Two of them denote identical positions. Identify these positions (a) 5m, 30° north of east (b) 5m, 30” east of north (©) 5m, 60° south of west (d) 5m, 60° east of north 4. What is the displacement of a satellite when it makes a complete round along its circular path? 5. A scooter moves 45 km on one litre of petrol. In a journey, the scooter used up one litre of petrol. Is it, necessary that the displacement of the scooter in the journey is 45 km? Is it possible that the displacement is 45 km? 6. Can the distance travelled by an object be smaller than the magnitude of its displacement? 7. Inwhat condition is the distance covered equal to the magnitude of the displacement of a particle? 8. A particle is moving with a uniform speed. Is it necessary that it is moving along a straight line? 9. A particle is moving with a uniform velocity. Is it necessary that it is moving along a straight line? 10. Which of the quantities—speed, velocity and acceleration—have the same SI unit? 11. Consider three quantities—time, velocity and acceleration. The product of the units of two of these quantities gives the unit of the third. Which is the third quantity? 12. Can the equation v=1+at be used for a particle moving with nonuniform acceleration? 13. A particle is moving with a uniform velocity. What is its acceleration? 14. Figure 2.E5 shows speed-time graphs for four cases. In which case is the speed constant? In which case is the speed decreasing? In which case is the speed increasing? What happens in the fourth case?Describing Motion, a7 Time Time 0 “i Time Time iy w) Fig. 2.65, Short-Answer Questions Answer the following in about 30-40 words each. 1. Give an example in which the distance traversed by a particle is larger than the magnitude of its displacement in the same time. 2. Define average speed, 3. Define uniform speed. 4, Define uniform velocity. 5. A quantity is measured to be -30 m/s. Is it speed or velocity? Give a reason for your answer. 6, What is the difference between speed and velocity? 7. Can the speed of a particle be negative? Can the velocity of a particle be negative? Give arguments to support your answers, 8. Define uniform acceleration. 9. Distinguish between distance and displacement for (a) an object moving along a straight line, and (b) an object moving in a plane. 10. Give an example where the speed of an object first increases, then remains constant for some time, and then decreases. 11. How can you get the speed of an object from its distance-time graph? 12. How can you get the distance travelled by an object from its speed-time graph? 13. A girl bends to touch her toes. Is the motion of her head an example of uniform motion or accelerated, motion? Explain your answer. D. Long-Answer Questions Answer the following in not more than 70 words. 1. When do we say that a body is at rest and when do ‘we say that it is moving? 2. Give two examples to explain that motion is relative. 3. How is the position of a particle moving along a straight line described by a number? How is the direction of motion specified by the number describing position? 4. What information about the initial and final positions of a particle do we getif the displacement is given? 5. How do you get the displacement of a particle in a time interval f; to f from its velocity-time graph? 6. The distance-time graph for a particle is a straight line. Show that its speed is constant. 7. What are the steps involved in drawing a graph between two quantities? 8, What advantages does a graph have over a table having the same information in the form of numbers? 9, Show that the area under the speed-time graph fora particle moving at a constant speed gives the distance covered by the particle. E. Numerical Problems 1. Acar moves 100 m due east and then 25 m due west. (a) What is the distance covered by the car? (b) What is its displacement? 2. A person walks along the sides of a square field, Each side is 100 m long. What is the maximum, magnitude of displacement of the person in any time interval? 3. In the hare-tortoise race, the hare ran for 2 min at a speed of 7.5 km/h, slept for 56 min and again ran for, 2min ata speed of 7.5 km/h. Find the average speed of the hare in the race, 4. A bus takes 8 hours to cover a distance of 320 km. What is the average speed of the bus? 5, The maximum speed of a train is 80 km/h. It takes 10 hours to cover a distance of 400 km, Find the ratio of its maximum speed to its average speed. 6. An object moves through 10 m in 2 minutes and next 10 min 3 minutes. Calculate its average speed, 7. A car moves through 20 km at a speed of 40 km/h, and the next 20 km at a speed of 60 km/h. Calculate its average speed. 8. A boy leaves his house at 9.30 a.m. for his school. The school is 2 km away and classes start at 10.00 a.m. If he walks at a speed of 3 km/h for the first kilometre, at what speed should he walk the second kilometre to reach just in time? 9. Abus moves at a uniform speed », for some time and then with a uniform speed 0. The distance-time table is given below. Plot the corresponding distance-time graph and answer the following questions. Time (min) Distance (km) 0 0 20 20 40 40 60 65 80 95 100 125 120 155 (a) Find the values of v, and 2),