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Reference Formulas and Tables

This document provides formulas and descriptions for common statistical tests and calculations including: - Means, variances, and standard deviations for samples and populations - Z-scores, t-tests, F-tests, chi-square tests, linear regression, ANOVA - Confidence intervals and hypothesis tests for comparing two means or proportions - Descriptions of normal, binomial, and Poisson distributions

Uploaded by

Michelle Hsieh
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views

Reference Formulas and Tables

This document provides formulas and descriptions for common statistical tests and calculations including: - Means, variances, and standard deviations for samples and populations - Z-scores, t-tests, F-tests, chi-square tests, linear regression, ANOVA - Confidence intervals and hypothesis tests for comparing two means or proportions - Descriptions of normal, binomial, and Poisson distributions

Uploaded by

Michelle Hsieh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reference Formulas and Tables:

Sample mean:

Xi

X X 2 X n
1
n

i 1

n
n

Sample

variance:2

X
X X

N
Population
mean:

(X
i 1

X) 2

Coefficient of Variation:

(X
i 1

X N
N

i 1

Population standardN

X) 2

n -1
S
X

2
Population (X
variance:
i )
2

CV

n -1

Sample standard deviation:


deviation:
S

i 1

(X
i 1

) 2

100%

XX
S

Z
Z score (for locating outlier):

Sample Covariance:

cov ( X , Y )

(X
i 1

X )(Yi Y )
n 1

Sample coefficient of correlation: cov (X , Y)


r
SX SY

SX

(Xi X) 2
i 1

n 1

SY

(Y Y)
i 1

n 1

Conditional Probability:
P(A and B)
P(A | B)
P(B)
Bayes Theorem:

P(B i | A)

Combination:
n

Cx

P(A | B i )P(B i )
P(A | B 1 )P(B 1 ) P(A | B 2 )P(B 2 ) P(A | B k )P(B k )

n!
X!(n X)!

Binomial Distribution Formula:


P( X )

n!
X (1 ) n X
X!(n X)!

Binomial Distribution characteristics:


E(x) n 2 n (1 - )

n (1 - )

Poisson Distribution Formula:


e x
P( X )
X!
Poisson Distribution characteristics:

X
Z-value for the sampling distribution
of
:
(X X ) ( X )
Z

X
n

Confidence interval estimate for ( known):


X Z/2
n
Confidence Interval estimate for ( Unknown): S
X t / 2
n

Pooled-Variance t test:
Hypothesis tests for 1 - 2 with 1 and 2 unknown and assumed equal:

(
D

S
n
n
1

2
p

2
2

n1 1 S1 n2 1 S 2

t STAT

X1 X 2 1 2
1
1

n1 n 2

S 2p

(n1 1) (n2 1)

Confidence interval

1
1

n1 n 2

S2p

X 2 t/2

Separate-variance t test:

Hypothesis tests for 1 - 2 with 1 and 2 unknown and assumed not equal:

X X
1

t STAT

n
n
2
ii
ii
1D
1
S
S

n
n
1
2
2
1

2
2

Confidence interval

X X t
1

/2

S12 S22

n1 n 2

Related Populations: The Paired Difference Test

t STAT

The confidence interval for D

D t / 2

D D
SD
n

SD
n

F-test statistics for testing the equality of two variances:2


S
FSTAT 12
S2

ANOVA:

SST = SSA + SSW


c

nj

SST ( X ij X )
j 1 i 1

MST

SST
n 1

SSA n j ( X j X )
j 1

MSA

SSA
c 1

SSW
j 1

nj

i 1

( X ij X j ) 2
FSTAT

MSA
MSW

MSW

SSW
nc

The Tukey-Kramer Procedure:


Critical Range Q

MSW 1
1

2 n j n j'

The Chi-square test statistic:


2
STAT

( fo f e )2

fe
all cells

Simple Linear Regression Model:


Yi 0 1X i i

fe

row total column total


n

Students t Distribution

Critical value of Chi-Square:

Critical value of F

Critical Values of the Studentized Range, Q

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