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01 - Introduction

Fuzzy logic is a form of logic that accounts for partial truth and degrees of truth between completely true and completely false. It allows for imprecise propositions to have a membership value between 0 and 1 rather than being strictly true or false. Fuzzy logic has been applied to many areas including control systems, decision making, and artificial intelligence where concepts cannot be precisely defined. It was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1964 and has proven useful in applications like controlling appliances, vehicles, industrial processes, and more.

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Jiwa Abdullah
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29 views

01 - Introduction

Fuzzy logic is a form of logic that accounts for partial truth and degrees of truth between completely true and completely false. It allows for imprecise propositions to have a membership value between 0 and 1 rather than being strictly true or false. Fuzzy logic has been applied to many areas including control systems, decision making, and artificial intelligence where concepts cannot be precisely defined. It was introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1964 and has proven useful in applications like controlling appliances, vehicles, industrial processes, and more.

Uploaded by

Jiwa Abdullah
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Traditional (crisp) logic

In 300 B.C. Aristotle formulated the law of


the excluded middle, which is now the
principle foundation of mathematics.
X must be in a set of A or in a set of not A.

Traditional (crisp) logic


A rose is either RED

or not RED.

Traditional (crisp) logic

What about this rose?

What color is this leopard?

Is this glass full or empty?

A tall guy

Where do tall people


start?

What is fuzzy logic?


Fuzzy logic is a superset of conventional
(Boolean) logic that has been extended to
handle the concept of partial truth -- truth
values between "completely true" and
"completely false".

* http://www.cs.tamu.edu/research/CFL/fuzzy.html

What is fuzzy logic?


A type of logic that recognizes more than simple true and false
values. With fuzzy logic, propositions can be represented with
degrees of truthfulness and falsehood. For example, the statement,
today is sunny, might be 100% true if there are no clouds, 80% true if
there are a few clouds, 50% true if it's hazy and 0% true if it rains all
day.
Fuzzy logic has proved to be particularly useful in expert
system and other artificial intelligence applications. It is also used
in some spell checkers to suggest a list of probable words to
replace a misspelled one.

*http://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/f/fuzzy_logic.html

Fuzzy Logic
A form of knowledge representation
suitable for notions that cannot be defined
precisely, but which depend upon their
context. It enables computerized devices to
reason more like humans

* http://www.fuzzylogic.co.uk/

Classical Set (Crisp)


Contain objects that satisfy precise
properties of membership.
Example: Set of heights from 5 to 7 feet
1 x A

cA(x) = { 0

Characteristic Function

x A

X (height)

Fuzzy Set
Contain objects that satisfy imprecise
properties of membership
Example : The set of heights in the region
around 6 feet
1
0

mA(x) E

{0-1}

Membership Function

X (height)

Fuzzy Logic: Motivations


Alleviate difficulties in developing and
analyzing complex systems encountered
by conventional mathematical tools.
Observing that human reasoning can utilize
concepts and knowledge that do not have
well-defined, sharp boundaries.
*Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, Control, and Information - J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall 1999

Fuzzy Logic: Motivations

*Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, Control, and Information - J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall 1999

Fuzzy Logic: Motivations

*Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Timothy J. Ross, Prentice Hall 1995

History of Fuzzy Logic


1964: Lotfi A. Zadeh, UC Berkeley, introduced
the paper on fuzzy sets.
Idea of grade of membership was born
Sharp criticism from academic community
Name!
Theorys emphasis on imprecision
Waste of government funds!

*Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, Control, and Information - J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall 1999

History of Fuzzy Logic


1965-1975: Zadeh continued to broaden the
foundation of fuzzy set theory

Fuzzy multistage decision-making


Fuzzy similarity relations
Fuzzy restrictions
Linguistic hedges

1970s: research groups were form in JAPAN


*Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, Control, and Information - J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall 1999

History of Fuzzy Logic


1974: Mamdani, United Kingdom, developed
the first fuzzy logic controller
1977: Dubois applied fuzzy sets in a
comphrensive study of traffic conditions
1976-1987: Industrial application of fuzzy
logic in Japan and Europe
1987-Present: Fuzzy Boom
*Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, Control, and Information - J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall 1999

Fuzzy Logic Applications


Image Stabilization via Fuzzy Logic

If

all motion vectors are almost parallel and their time differential is small, then
the hand jittering is detected and the direction of the hand movement
is in the direction of the moving vectors.
*Fuzzy Logic: Intelligence, Control, and Information - J. Yen and R. Langari, Prentice Hall 1999

Fuzzy Logic Applications


Aerospace
Altitude control of spacecraft, satellite altitude
control, flow and mixture regulation in aircraft
deiceing vehicles.

Automotive
Trainable fuzzy systems for idle speed control, shift
scheduling method for automatic transmission,
intelligent highway systems, traffic control, improving
efficiency of automatic transmissions

Fuzzy Logic Applications (Cont.)


Business
Decision-making support systems, personnel
evaluation in a large company

Chemical Industry
Control of pH, drying, chemical distillation processes,
polymer extrusion production, a coke oven gas cooling
plant

Fuzzy Logic Applications (Cont.)


Defense
Underwater target recognition, automatic target
recognition of thermal infrared images, naval decision
support aids, control of a hypervelocity interceptor,
fuzzy set modeling of NATO decision making.

Electronics
Control of automatic exposure in video cameras,
humidity in a clean room, air conditioning systems,
washing machine timing, microwave ovens, vacuum
cleaners.

Fuzzy Logic Applications (Cont.)


Financial
Banknote transfer control, fund management, stock
market predictions.

Industrial
Cement kiln controls (dating back to 1982), heat
exchanger control, activated sludge wastewater
treatment process control, water purification plant
control, quantitative pattern analysis for industrial
quality assurance, control of constraint satisfaction
problems in structural design, control of water
purification plants

Fuzzy Logic Applications (Cont.)


Manufacturing
Optimization of cheese production.

Marine
Autopilot for ships, optimal route selection, control of
autonomous underwater vehicles, ship steering.

Medical
Medical diagnostic support system, control of arterial
pressure during anesthesia, multivariable control of
anesthesia, modeling of neuropathological findings in
Alzheimer's patients, radiology diagnoses, fuzzy
inference diagnosis of diabetes and prostate cancer.

Fuzzy Logic Applications (Cont.)


Mining and Metal Processing
Sinter plant control, decision making in metal forming.

Robotics
Fuzzy control for flexible-link manipulators, robot arm
control.

Securities
Decision systems for securities trading.

Fuzzy Logic Applications (Cont.)


Signal Processing and
Telecommunications
Adaptive filter for nonlinear channel equalization
control of broadband noise

Transportation
Automatic underground train operation, train schedule
control, railway acceleration, braking, and stopping

Fuzzy logic & probability theory


Suppose you are seated at a table on which
rest two glasses of liquid.
First glass is described : having a 95% chance Of

being healthful and good


Second glass is described : having a .95
membership in the class of healthful and good

Which glass would you select, keeping in mind that


the first glass has a 5 % chance of being filled with nonhealthful liquids,
including poisons [Bezdek 1993]?

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