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(P Ho) A : K As A Function of Co

This document analyzes the penetration of eddy currents induced in a conducting material by an oscillating magnetic field. It asks the reader to: 1) Derive Maxwell's equations for this material. 2) Use Maxwell's equations to derive an expression for the complex wave number k as a function of the material properties and field frequency. 3) Determine the skin depth, or depth at which the field amplitude decreases to 1/e times its original value, for low frequencies. 4) Compute the phase lag between the eddy current density J and inducing magnetic field B for low frequencies.

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William Hammer
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41 views2 pages

(P Ho) A : K As A Function of Co

This document analyzes the penetration of eddy currents induced in a conducting material by an oscillating magnetic field. It asks the reader to: 1) Derive Maxwell's equations for this material. 2) Use Maxwell's equations to derive an expression for the complex wave number k as a function of the material properties and field frequency. 3) Determine the skin depth, or depth at which the field amplitude decreases to 1/e times its original value, for low frequencies. 4) Compute the phase lag between the eddy current density J and inducing magnetic field B for low frequencies.

Uploaded by

William Hammer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

Gutierrez

Bo

e 1

Figure 1: In Gaussian units co

1 and po > 1

Within a transformer, oscillating magnetic fields and their associated


electric fields penetrate into the transformer's iron core producing "eddy"
currents which heat and frequently destroy the transformer. In this
problem you are to analyze the depths to which these currents penetrate and the phase difference between the driving harmonic B field
and the lagging eddy current.
A large slab of permeable (p >> ho) conductor with conductivity a > 0
and with negligible permittivity (E = co ) is located in the x-y plane at
z > 0 as shown in the figure. A low frequency wave, co < < ole o , whose
magnetic induction is the real part of

B=
diminishes as z increases because k is complex.
(a) [2 pts] Give Maxwell's 4 macroscopic equations appropriate for
this material (p = 0, D = 0E, B = pH, and J = o-E).
(b) [2 pts] Use Maxwell's equations to find the complex wave number
k as a function of co, a, p, and co.
(c) [3 pts] The depth at which the amplitude reaches e -1 times its original value is called the skin depth, J. The skin depth diminishes
with the wave's frequency. For low frequency waves , w << ole o ,
determine J.
(d) [3 pts] For low frequency waves compute the phase lag of the eddy
current density J relative to the magnetic induction B.

9. A plane polarized monochromatic light wave traveling in the +z direction enters a large flat slab of transparent crystal of thickness d, located
between z = 0 and z = d. This crystal has the property that the index
of refraction depends on the direction of polarization as follows: Plane
waves traveling in the z direction but polarized in the direction

es = cos oi + sin 00,


travel with speed v s =
direction

< c but those polarized in the orthogonal

ef = Sill 00 - COS 00i)


travel with the faster speed v f = cInf <c where rif = ns - 45, > 1.
Assume the wave, just after entering the crystal (i.e., for very small
z << A < d), is polarized in the y direction and hence has the form
E(z 0, t) = Ea. jexp-iwt .
(a) Show that initial plane wave becomes elliptically polarized when
it reaches z = d by showing that

E(z -= d,t) = [Ex +Ey j] exP-Iwt ,


where

= iE0 sin 200 sin (5,


Ey = Eo ( cos (5. + i sin 200 sin (5),
with 45

271-(5d.

(b) Explain why the light that exits the crystal at z = d can never be
circularly polarized.
(c) For what minimum crystal thicknesses dmin will the wave emerge
as a plane polarized wave and what will its polarization direction
be?

10

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