CoreJavaInterviewQuestions

CoreJava:BasicsofJavaInterviewQuestions
1)WhatisdifferencebetweenJDK,JREandJVM?
JVM
JVMisanacronymforJavaVirtualMachine,itisanabstractmachinewhichprovidestheruntimeenvironmentin
whichjavabytecodecanbeexecuted.JVMsareavailableformanyhardwareandsoftwareplatforms(soJVMis
plateformdependent).
JRE
JREstandsforJavaRuntimeEnvironment.ItistheimplementationofJVMandphysicallyexists.
JDK
JDKisanacronymforJavaDevelopmentKit.Itphysicallyexists.ItcontainsJRE+developmenttools.
2)HowmanytypesofmemoryareasareallocatedbyJVM?
ManyTypes:
1.Class(Method)Area
2.Heap
3.Stack
4.ProgramCounterRegister
5.NativeMethodStack
3)WhatisJITcompiler?
JustInTime(JIT)compiler:Itisusedtoimprovetheperformance.JITcompilespartsofthebytecodethathave
similarfunctionalityatthesametime,andhencereducestheamountoftimeneededforcompilation.Heretheterm
compilerreferstoatranslatorfromtheinstructionsetofaJavavirtualmachine(JVM)totheinstructionset
ofaspecificCPU.
4)Whatisplatform?
Aplatformisbasicallythehardwareorsoftwareenvironmentinwhichaprogramruns.Therearetwotypesof
platformssoftwarebasedandhardwarebased.Javaprovidessoftwarebasedplatform.
5)WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenJavaplatformandotherplatforms?
TheJavaplatformdiffersfrommostotherplatformsinthesensethatit'sasoftwarebasedplatformthatrunson
topofotherhardwarebasedplatforms.Ithastwocomponents:
1.RuntimeEnvironment
2.API(ApplicationProgrammingInterface)
6)WhatgivesJavaits'writeonceandrunanywhere'nature?
Thebytecode.Javaiscompiledtobeabytecodewhichistheintermediatelanguagebetweensourcecodeand
machinecode.Thisbytecodeisnotplatformspecificandhencecanbefedtoanyplatform.
7)Whatisclassloader?
TheclassloaderisasubsystemofJVMthatisusedtoloadclassesandinterfaces.Therearemanytypesof
classloaderse.g.Bootstrapclassloader,Extensionclassloader,Systemclassloader,Pluginclassloaderetc.
8)IsEmpty.javafilenameavalidsourcefilename?
Yes,saveyourjavafileby.javaonly,compileitbyjavac.javaandrunbyjavayourclassnameLet'stakea
simpleexample:
//saveby.javaonly
classA
{
publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[])
{
System.out.println("HelloJava!...");
}
}
//compilebyjavac.java
//runbyjavaA
compileitbyjavac.java
runitbyjavaA
9)Isdelete,next,main,exitornullkeywordinjava?
No.
10)IfIdon'tprovideanyargumentsonthecommandline,thentheStringarrayofMainmethodwillbeemptyor
null?
Itisempty.Butnotnull.
11)WhatifIwritestaticpublicvoidinsteadofpublicstaticvoid?
Programcompilesandrunsproperly.
12)Whatisthedefaultvalueofthelocalvariables?
Thelocalvariablesarenotinitializedtoanydefaultvalue,neitherprimitivesnorobjectreferences.
CoreJavaOOPsConcepts:InitialOOPsInterviewQuestions
13)Whatisdifferencebetweenobjectorientedprogramminglanguageandobjectbasedprogramminglanguage?
ObjectbasedprogramminglanguagesfollowallthefeaturesofOOPsexceptInheritance.Examplesofobjectbased
programminglanguagesareJavaScript,VBScriptetc.
14)Whatwillbetheinitialvalueofanobjectreferencewhichisdefinedasaninstancevariable?
TheobjectreferencesareallinitializedtonullinJava.
CoreJavaOOPsConcepts:ConstructorInterviewQuestions
15)Whatisconstructor?
Constructorisjustlikeamethodthatisusedtoinitializethestateofanobject.Itisinvokedatthetimeof
objectcreation.
16)Whatisthepurposeofdefaultconstructor?
Thedefaultconstructorprovidesthedefaultvaluestotheobjects.Thejavacompilercreatesadefault
constructoronlyifthereisnoconstructorintheclass.
17)Doesconstructorreturnanyvalue?
Ans:yes,thatiscurrentinstance(Youcannotusereturntypeyetitreturnsavalue).
18)Isconstructorinherited?
No,constructorisnotinherited.
19)Canyoumakeaconstructorfinal?
No,constructorcan'tbefinal.

CoreJavaOOPsConcepts:statickeywordInterviewQuestions
20)Whatisstaticvariable?
1.staticvariableisusedtoreferthecommonpropertyofallobjects(thatisnotuniqueforeachobject)e.g.
companynameofemployees,collegenameofstudentsetc.
2.staticvariablegetsmemoryonlyonceinclassareaatthetimeofclassloading.
21)Whatisstaticmethod?
1.Astaticmethodbelongstotheclassratherthanobjectofaclass.
2.Astaticmethodcanbeinvokedwithouttheneedforcreatinganinstanceofaclass.
3.staticmethodcanaccessstaticdatamemberandcanchangethevalueofit.
22)Whymainmethodisstatic?
BecauseobjectisnotrequiredtocallstaticmethodifItwerenonstaticmethod,jvmcreatsobjectfirstthen
callmain()methodthatwillleadtotheproblemofextramemoryallocation.
23)Whatisstaticblock?
1.ItIsusedtoinitializethestaticdatamember.
2.Itisexcutedbeforemainmethodatthetimeofclassloading.
24)Canweexecuteaprogramwithoutmain()method?
Ans)Yes,oneofthewayisstaticblock.
25)Whatifthestaticmodifierisremovedfromthesignatureofthemainmethod?
Programcompiles.Butatruntimethrowsanerror"NoSuchMethodError".
26)Whatisdifferencebetweenstatic(class)methodandinstancemethod?
staticorclassmethod

instancemethod

1)Amethodi.e.declaredasstaticisknownasstatic
method.

Amethodi.e.notdeclaredasstaticisknownas
instancemethod.

2)Objectisnotrequiredtocallstaticmethod.

Objectisrequiredtocallinstancemethods.

3)Nonstatic(instance)memberscannotbeaccessedin
staticcontext(staticmethod,staticblockandstatic
nestedclass)directly.

staticandnonstaticvariablesbothcanbeaccessedin
instancemethods.

4)Forexample:publicstaticintcube(intn){return
n*n*n;}

Forexample:publicvoidmsg(){...}.

27)Whatisthisinjava?
Itisakeywordthatthatreferstothecurrentobject.
28)WhatisInheritance?
Inheritanceisamechanisminwhichoneobjectacquiresallthepropertiesandbehaviourofanotherobjectof
anotherclass.ItrepresentsISArelationship.ItisusedforCodeResusabilityandMethodOverriding.
29)Whichclassisthesuperclassforeveryclass?
Objectclass.
30)Whymultipleinheritanceisnotsupportedinjava?
Toreducethecomplexityandsimplifythelanguage,multipleinheritanceisnotsupportedinjavaincaseof
class.
31)Whatiscomposition?
Holdingthereferenceoftheotherclasswithinsomeotherclassisknownascomposition.
32)Whatisdifferencebetweenaggregationandcomposition?
Aggregationrepresentsweakrelationshipwhereascompositionrepresentsstrongrelationship.Forexample:bikehas
anindicator(aggregation)butbikehasanengine(compostion).
33)WhyJavadoesnotsupportpointers?
Pointerisavariablethatreferstothememoryaddress.Theyarenotusedinjavabecausetheyare
unsafe(unsecured)andcomplextounderstand.
34)Whatissuperinjava?
Itisakeywordthatreferstotheimmediateparentclassobject.
35)Canyouusethis()andsuper()bothinaconstructor?
No.Becausesuper()orthis()mustbethefirststatement.
36)Whatisobjectcloning?
Theobjectcloningisusedtocreatetheexactcopyofanobject.