Polaris Burmese Library - Singapore - Collection - Volume 121
Polaris Burmese Library - Singapore - Collection - Volume 121
Polaris Burmese Library - Singapore - Collection - Volume 121
ppftmPm&Sifpepfwdkufzsufa&;
jidrf;csrf;a&;'dDrdkua&pDa&;vlYtcGifhta&;
aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 121
Burma/Myanmar Affairs Vol 121
txl;aqmif;yg;
စာေရးဆရာမၾကီး ခင္မ်ဳိးခ်စ္ (၁၉၁၅ - ၁၉၉၉)
ppftmPm&Sifpepfwdkufzsufa&;
jidrf;csrf;a&;'dDrdkua&pDa&;vlYtcGifhta&;
aqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 121
Burma/Myanmar Affairs Vol 121
txl;aqmif;yg;
စာေရးဆရာမၾကီး ခင္မ်ဳိးခ်စ္ (၁၉၁၅ - ၁၉၉၉)
မဆုံးႏုိင္တဲ့ ျမန္မာ့မူယစ္ေဆးျပႆနာ
MiG တိုက္ေလယာဥ္မ်ားအတြက္
ေပးလိုက္ရေသာ အရင္းအႏွီး
ႏွစ္ရွည္ ႏုိင္ငံေရး အက်ဥ္းသားမ်ား ထပ္တုိး
စစ္အစုိးရ၏
လွ်ဳိ႕၀ွက္သတင္းမ်ားသတင္းေပါက္ၾကားမႈျဖင့္
ထိန္းသိမ္းထားသူမ်ားကို ေသဒဏ္ေပးၿပီ
yHkEdSyfrSwfwrf;
Public Enemies
ppftm%m&Siaf wGeJ@ ppftm%m&Sifpepf[m &[ef;&Siv f l
wdkif;&if;om;jynfolw&yfvHk;&Jh jynfol@&efolawG
jzpfwJhtwGuf ppftm%m&SifawGeJ@ ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk
wdkufzsufjypfa&;[m yxrOD;qHk; vkyf&r,fh vkyfief;jzpfw,f?
ေအာင္သေျပ စစ္ေၾကာေရးစခန္း
“သန္းထိုက္ေအာင္ကဵေတာ့ ေဴခဖေနာင့္ေအာက္မႀာ
သၾားဳကားထိုးတံ ေထာင္လိုက္ခံ႓ပီး အေပၞကေန ဖိ႓ပီးေတာ့
စစ္တယ္တဲ့၊ ေရဆာလိ္ုႛ ေရေတာင္းတဲ့အခၝ ေဴမာင္းထဲက
ေရပုတ္ေတၾ တိုက္တယ္တဲ့၊ ဦးေဇာ္ေဇာ္ ေညာင္ဦးကို
ကဵေတာ့ ညအိပ္ေနတုန္း ညာဖက္ ေမးေအာက္ကို
ေဆးလာထိုးတာ ဘာ ေဆးမႀန္း မသိဘူးတဲ့၊ ဦးနႎၬဝံသ
ကဵေတာ့ ေကဵာက္စရစ္ခဲေလးေတၾေပၞကို သကႆန္းနဲႛ
ဒူးေထာက္ ထိုင္ခိုင္း႓ပီးေတာ့ ေဴခေထာက္နဲႛ တက္နင္းတာ၊
ေနာက္ ဦးေဇာတိက ကဵေတာ့ တဴခားသူေတၾ ေဖာ္ခုိင္းတာ
မေဖာ္ပဲ ကိုယ့္ ကိုယ္ကို ဓားနဲႛလည္ပင္းကို ဘလိတ္ဓားနဲႛ
လႀီးတဲ့အတၾက္ သူႛကို ေဆး႟ံုတင္႓ပီးေတာ့ အဲဒီကို တခၝထဲ
၅၀၅ နဲႛ ခဵလိုက္တာတဲ့။”
ကုလသမဂၢ HIV/AIDSတိုက္ဖ်က္ေရးအဖြဲ႕UNAIDS ၏
၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္ အစီရင္ခံစာတြင္ HIV/AIDS ေရာဂါ
တိုက္ဖ်က္ေရး တြင္ စစ္အစိုးရသည္ တႏွစ္လံုးအတြက္
ေဒၚလာ၂ သိန္းသာ သံုစြဲခဲ့ၿပီး ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံသည္ HIV/AIDS
ႏွင့္ ဆက္စပ္ေသာ ေရာဂါမ်ားျဖင့္ ႏွစ္စဥ္ေသဆံုးႏႈန္း
၂၅၀၀၀ ခန္႔ရိွေသာ ႏိုင္ငံျဖစ္သည္ဟု ေဖာ္ျပထားသည္။
လူနာကြန္ရက္ ၿမိဳ႕ကေလး
THURSDAY, 07 JANUARY 2010 15:42 ျဖဴျဖဴသင္း
http://www.irrawaddy.org/bur/index.php/articles/2-articles/2383-2010-01-07-08-47-
အညာေဒသ ေက်ာက္ပန္းေတာင္းျမိဳ႕ကေလးဟာ စီးပြားေရး အခ်က္ခ်ာက်ျပီးေတာ့
အေတာ္ေလးပဲ စည္ကားတယ္ ဆိုရမွာပါ။ ပုပၸားေတာင္ အရိပ္ေၾကာင့္လည္း အျခားျမိဳ႕ေတြထက္
စာရင္ အပူသက္သာတယ္ ေျပာရမွာပါ။ ခ်မ္းသာ ႂကြယ္၀ သူေတြလည္း လာေရာက္
စီးပြားေရးေတြ ျမႇဳပ္ႏွံပါတယ္။
စစ္အစုိးရ၏
လွ်ဳိ႕၀ွက္သတင္းမ်ားသတင္းေပါက္ၾကားမႈျဖင့္
ထိန္းသိမ္းထားသူမ်ားကို ေသဒဏ္ေပးၿပီ
THURSDAY, 07 JANUARY 2010 19:42 ရန္ပိုင္
http://www.irrawaddy.org/bur/index.php/news/1-news/2386-2010-01-07-12-45-12
စစ္အစုိးရ၏ လွ်ဳိ႕၀ွက္သတင္းမ်ားေပါက္ၾကားမႈေၾကာင့္ ထိန္းသိမ္းထားသည့္
စစ္တပ္အရာရွိေဟာင္း ဗုိလ္မႉး၀င္းႏုိင္ေက်ာ္ကို အင္းစိန္ေထာင္တြင္ ယေန႔
ေသဒဏ္ႏွင့္ေထာင္ဒဏ္ အႏွစ္၂၀ ခ်မွတ္လုိက္ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
ဗုိလ္မႉး၀င္းႏုိင္ေက်ာ္
ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲအႀကိဳ မည္သို႔
လႈပ္ရွားေနၾကသလဲ
THURSDAY, 07 JANUARY 2010 19:04 ရန္ပိုင္
http://www.irrawaddy.org/bur/index.php/news/1-news/2384-2010-01-07-12-05-42
စစ္အစိုးရက ယခုႏွစ္အတြင္း က်င္းပေပးမည္ဟု ထုတ္ျပန္ေၾကညာထားေသာ
ေ႐ြးေကာက္ပြဲႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ ရန္ကုန္ႏုိင္ငံေရး ေလာကတြင္ သေဘာထားအျမင္မ်ား ကြဲလြဲေနၿပီး
ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲအႀကိဳ လႈပ္ရွားမႈမ်ားလည္း ျပဳလုပ္ေနၾကေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
မၾကာေသးမီရက္ပုိင္းအတြင္းက ႏုိင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားေဟာင္းတဦးျဖစ္သူ
ကုိၿဖိဳးမင္းသိန္းကလည္း လုံၿခဳံေရး အရာရွိခ်ဳပ္ ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီး ရဲျမင့္ ၏ ခြင့္ျပဳခ်က္ျဖင့္
ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲအႀကိဳ ႏုိင္ငံေရးေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ တရပ္ကုိလည္း NLDအပါအ၀င္ တုိင္းရင္းသား
ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားႏွင့္အတိုက္အခံ ႏုိင္ငံေရးအဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ား အားဖိတ္ၾကား၍
က်င္းပခဲ့ေၾကာင္းသိရသည္။
ဂဵပန္သတင္းေထာက္ ကင္ဂဵိ
နာဂၝးအိဆုအတၾက္ မဲေပးေ႟ၾးခဵယ္ေန႓ပီ
2010-01-07 http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/vote_for_finalists_of_nagai_prize-
01072010135938.html/story_main?textonly=1
ထိပ္တန္းလ႖ိႂႚဝႀက္ခဵက္ ေပၝက္ဳကားမႁ
ေသဒဏ္ စီရင္ခဵက္ခဵမႀတ္
2010-01-07
http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/death_sentences_for_secret_leakage-
01072010131437.html/story_main?textonly=1
ေ႟ၾးေကာက္ပၾဲအေပၞ စစ္အစိုးရ
မ႟ိုးသားေဳကာင္း ထုိင္းသတင္းစာ ေရးသား
2010-01-07
http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/thai_paper_criticized_junta_on_election-
01072010125639.html/story_main?textonly=1
ဴမန္မာဴပည္ ႎုိင္ငံေရးေဴပာင္းလဲရန္
ေနဳကာပန္းလႁပ္ရႀားမႁစတင္
2010-01-07
http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/sun_flower_campaign_begins_in_sydney-
01072010114400.html/story_main?textonly=1
ျမန္မာနဲ႔တ႐ုတ္ မဟာဗ်ဴဟာ
ဦးေအာင္ခင္ (ေ၀ဖန္သုံးသပ္ခ်က္)
၈ ဇန္န၀ါရီ ၂၀၁၀ http://www.khitpyaing.org/articles/2010/January/8110b.php
ျမန္မာ့အလင္းသတင္းစာ
အေရာင္ျဖင့္ထုတ္ေတာ့မည္
တက္လူ / ၈ ဇန္န၀ါရီ ၂၀၁၀
http://www.khitpyaing.org/news/January%2010/8110b.php
မဆုံးႏုိင္တဲ့ ျမန္မာ့မူယစ္ေဆးျပႆနာ
မူးယစ္ေဆးနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး
ဗိုလ္မႈးႀကီးအဆင့္နဲ႔ အထက္ကအရာရွိေတြကို
အေရးမယူဘူးလို႔ သိရပါတယ္။
ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ အႀကီးဆုံးကုမၼဏီဟာ
ဘိန္းေမွာင္ခို ေလာ္စစ္ဟန္နဲ႔ သားျဖစ္သူ
စတင္ဗင္ေလာ္ ပုိင္တဲ့ Asia World ကုမၼဏီ
ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
02 January 2010 http://www.voanews.com/burmese/2010-01-02-voa4.cfm
The men were arrested after details and photos about a trip to Pyongyang
by the Myanmar regime's third-in-command, General Shwe Mann, were
leaked to exiled media last year, the website of Thailand-based magazine
Irrawaddy reported.
'Two officials got the death sentence and another one was jailed for 15
years for leaking information. They were sentenced at the special court in
Insein Prison on Thursday,' one source said on condition of anonymity.
The two men sentenced to death were Win Naing Kyaw and Thura Kyaw
while the jailed man was Pyan Sein, the sources said, without giving
further details of the case.
Win Naing Kyaw is a former military officer and Thura Kyaw and Pyan
Sein worked at the ministry of foreign affairs, Irrawaddy said. The trip by
Shwe Mann, who is also the joint chief of staff of the Myanmar armed
forces, involved procuring military arms and discussing tunnel-building
and other matters, Irrawaddy reported.
ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္ လွ်ဳိ႕၀ွက္ခ်က္
ေပါက္ၾကားမႈအတြက္ ေသဒဏ္မ်ား ခ်မွတ္
08 January 2010 http://www.voanews.com/burmese/2010-01-08-voa5.cfm
ဗိုလ္မႉးေဟာင္း ၀င္းႏုိင္ေက်ာ္နဲ႔ ႏုိင္ငံျခားေရးဌာန
၀န္ထမ္းတဦးျဖစ္တဲ့ ဦးသူရေက်ာ္တုိ႔ကုိ ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္လွ်ဳိ႕၀ွက္ခ်က္
ေပါက္ၾကားမႈေတြနဲ႔ ေသဒဏ္ခ်မွတ္လုိက္ပါတယ္။ ေနာက္ထပ္
၀န္ထမ္းတဦးျဖစ္တဲ့ ဦးပ်န္စိန္ကိုေတာ့ ေထာင္ဒဏ္ ၁၅ ႏွစ္
ခ်မွတ္လုိက္ပါတယ္။ ဒီလူေတြကို ေနာက္ထပ္ မလုပ္ရဲေအာင္လုိ႔
အခုလို ႀကီးေလးတဲ့ ျပစ္ဒဏ္ေတြ ခ်မွတ္လုိက္တာ ျဖစ္တယ္လို႔
ျမန္မာ့တပ္မေတာ္ ဗိုလ္ႀကီးေဟာင္း တဦးကလည္း သုံးသပ္ပါတယ္။
ေသဒဏ္စီရင္ျခင္းခံရသည့္ အျပည့္အစုံကို ကိုေက်ာ္ေက်ာ္သိန္းက တင္ျပေပးထားပါတယ္။
ဗုိလ္မႉးေဟာင္း ၀င္းႏုိင္ေက်ာ္။
(ဓာတ္ပုံ-ဧရာ၀တီ ျမန္မာစစ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြထဲမွာ နံပါတ္ ၃ အဆင့္ရွိတဲ့ ဗုိလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီး
အင္တာနက္ စာမ်က္ႏွာ) သူရေရႊမန္းရဲ႕ ေျမာက္ကုိရီးယား ခရီးစဥ္ မွတ္တမ္းဓာတ္ပုံေတြ၊
လွ်ဳိ႕၀ွက္ ဥမင္လုိဏ္ေခါင္းေတြ ေဖာက္လုပ္ေနတဲ့
မွတ္တမ္းဓာတ္ပုံေတြ ျပင္ပမီဒီယာေတြကို ေပါက္ၾကားေစခဲ့တယ္ဆုိၿပီး ဗိုလ္မႉးေဟာင္း
၀င္းႏုိင္ေက်ာ္၊ ဦးသူရေက်ာ္နဲ႔ ဦးပ်န္စိန္တို႔ကုိ ဇန္န၀ါရီလ ၇ ရက္ေန႔မွာ အခုလုိ ျပစ္ဒဏ္အသီးသီး
ခ်မွတ္လုိက္တာပါ။
ဴမန္မာ့ ေ႟ၾးေကာက္ပၾဲအေဴခအေန
ကုလသမဂၢ ေစာင့္ဳကည့္မည္
2010-01-08
http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/united_nations_is_watching_burma_election-
01082010102941.html/story_main?textonly=1
ရန္ကုန္တိုင္း လယ္သမားမဵားကို
လယ္သိမ္း႟ံုမက ႓ခိမ္းေဴခာက္ေန
2010-01-08
http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/land_confiscated_farmers_threatened_by_authori
ties-01082010112540.html/story_main?textonly=1
မႎၩေလးတိုင္းယာဥ္ထိန္းရဲမဵားက ဒဏ္႟ိုက္႓ပီး
ေငၾရႀာေန
2010-01-08 http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/tarffic_police_extort_with_fines-
01082010114848.html/story_main?textonly=1
ဝန္ထမ္းအဆင့္အားလံုး လစာအဴပင္
ေနႛစားလုပ္ခေတၾပၝ တုိးေပး
2010-01-08 http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/salary_and_wages_increased_again-
01082010133446.html/story_main?textonly=1
ကခဵင္ဴပည္နယ္ေနႛႎႀင့္ မေနာပၾဲ
လံုဴခံႂေရးတင္းကဵပ္
2010-01-08 http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/security_beef-
up_for_kachin_manau_fest-01082010145359.html/story_main?textonly=1
ရန္ကုန္က ခြဲစိတ္ကုသလူနာ
ေသဆုံးမႈျဖစ္ျပန္ၿပီ
FRIDAY, 08 JANUARY 2010 19:05 ရန္ပိုင္
http://www.irrawaddy.org/bur/index.php/news/1-news/2391-2010-01-08-12-06-02
ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ေအာင္ရတနာ အထူးကုေဆးခန္းတြင္ ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ အဂၤါေန႔က လြဲမွားေသာ
ဆုံးျဖတ္ခ်က္ေၾကာင့္ ခြဲစိတ္ကုသမႈခံ လူနာ တဦး ထပ္မံေသဆုံးခဲ့ရေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
ယစ္ပူေဇာ္မည္ ဆုိေသာေၾကာင့္
ျမန္မာအလုပ္သမားတုိ႔ အလုပ္ မဆင္းရဲ
FRIDAY, 08 JANUARY 2010 20:01 သန္းထိုက္ဦး
http://www.irrawaddy.org/bur/index.php/news/1-news/2393-2010-01-08-13-03-30
ထုိင္းႏိုင္ငံ ေတာင္ပုိင္း ဖန္ငၿမိဳ႕တြင္ တည္ေဆာက္ဆဲ တံတားတခုအတြက္ လူ ဦးေခါင္း ၁၀၀ ကုိ
ျဖတ္၍ ယစ္ပူေဇာ္မည္ ဟူေသာ ေကာလာဟလေၾကာင့္ လုပ္ငန္းခြင္သုိ႔ သြားေရာက္ရန္
စုိးရြံ႕ေနၾကသည္ဟု ထုိေဒသရိွ ျမန္မာအလုပ္သမားမ်ားက ေျပာသည္။
MiG တိုက္ေလယာဥ္မ်ားအတြက္
ေပးလိုက္ရေသာ အရင္းအႏွီး
FRIDAY, 08 JANUARY 2010 16:52 ထက္ေအာင္
http://www.irrawaddy.org/bur/index.php/editorial/2009-02-27-05-56-44/2388-mig---
ေဒၚလာသန္း ၅၇၀ ကုန္က်မည့္ ရုရွားလုပ္ MiG 29 ဂ်က္ တိုက္ေလယာဥ္ အစီး ၂၀ ကို
၀ယ္ယူမည္ဆိုသည့္ သတင္း ထြက္ေပၚမလာခင္ ရက္ပိုင္းအတြင္းတြင္ စီးပြားေရးႏိုဗဲလ္ဆုရွင္
ဂ်ိဳးဇက္ စတစ္ဂလစ္ သည္ သဘာ၀ဓာတ္ေငြ႕ႏွင့္ေရနံမွရရိွ ေသာ အခြန္ဘ႑ာတို႔ကို
တိုင္းျပည္ေကာင္းက်ိဳးအတြက္သံုးစြဲရန္ ျမန္မာစစ္အစိုးရအား ရွားရွားပါးပါး အႀကံေပးေျပာဆိုမႈ မ်ား
ျပဳခဲ့ပါသည္။
နာဂစ္မုန္တိုင္းဒဏ္ခံခဲ့ရေသာဧရာ၀တီျမစ္၀ကၽြန္းေပၚက ေက်ာင္းမ်ား၊
ေဆးရံုမ်ားေဆာက္လုပ္ျခင္းႏွင့္ ဖ်က္ဆီးခံခဲ့ရေသာ အသက္ေမြး၀မ္းေက်ာင္းအလုပ္မ်ား
ျပန္လည္ရွင္သန္လာေရးအတြက္ လယ္သမားမ်ားႏွင့္ ကုန္သည္မ်ားကို အေသးစား
ေခ်းေငြမ်ားပံ့ပိုးေပးျခင္းတို႔ လုပ္ေဆာင္မည့္အစား ၄င္းတို႔၏အာဏာအေဆာက္အံုကို
တည္ေဆာက္ေရးအတြက္ ေဒၚလာ သန္းေပါင္းမ်ားစြာသံုးစြဲၿပီး မိမိတို႔၏ျပည္သူျပည္သားမ်ား
ဒုကၡဆင္းရဲႀကံဳေတြ႕ေနၾကရသည္ကို စစ္ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီးမ်ား အဘယ္ ေၾကာင့္ လံုးလံုးလ်ားလ်ား
လစ္လွ်ဴရႈထားၾကပါသနည္း။
ေငြလဲႏႈန္း
ဇန္နဝါရီ ၈၊ ၂၀၁၀
၁ ေဒၚလာ = ၁၀၀၅ က်ပ္
၁ ဘတ္ = ၂၉ က်ပ္
vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 121 74
jynfolvlxktaygif;cHpm;ae&aom qif;&J'kuQrsdK;pHkrS vGwfajrmufatmif ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk t&ifOD;qHk;wdkufzsufjypf&rnf/
ကခ်င္ျပည္နယ္ေန႔ အထိမ္းအမွတ္ပဲြေတာ္အတြင္း
ေကအိုင္အိုအား ယူနီေဖာင္း ဝတ္ခြင့္မျပဳ
NEJ / ၈ ဇန္န၀ါရီ ၂၀၁၀
ႏွစ္ေပါင္း (၂၀) ေက်ာ္ ႏိုင္ငံအာဏာကို သိမ္းယူထားသည့္ စစ္အစိုးရက စစ္သား (၄) ပံု (၁) ပံု
ပါသည့္ အစိုးရသစ္ကို အာဏာလႊဲေျပာင္းမည္ဆိုသည့္ ယခုႏွစ္တြင္ ၁၉၉၀ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ
အႏိုင္ရပါတီ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီက ပါတီလုပ္ငန္းမ်ား တိုးခ်ဲ႕ေဆာင္ရြက္ရန္
ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔ကို ထပ္တိုးဖြဲ႔စည္းလိုက္ျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။
“စီအီးစီ (၇) ဦး၊ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ (၉) ဦး ထပ္တိုးဖြဲ႔စည္းမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ လာမယ့္ တနလၤာေန႔
အစည္းအေ၀းမွာ အတည္ျပဳ ခန္႔အပ္မွာပါ” ဟု အန္အယ္လ္ဒီ ျပန္ၾကားေရးတာ၀န္ခံ
ဦးခင္ေမာင္ေဆြက အတည္ျပဳေျပာၾကားသည္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ (သို႔မဟုတ္)
ျမန္မာျပည္သူလူထုနဲ႔ နအဖစစ္အုပ္စုအတြက္
ကံေကာင္းျခင္းလက္ေဆာင္
ေဒါက္တာလြဏ္းေဆြ
၈ ဇန္န၀ါရီ ၂၀၁၀ http://www.khitpyaing.org/articles/2010/January/8110.php
တုိင္းရင္းသားေပါင္းစုံ စုေဝး
ေတြ႔ဆုံေနၾကေသာ ျမစ္ႀကီးနားမွ၂ဝ၁ဝ
မေနာပဲြ
ဓာတ္ပုံသတင္း
ဇန္နဝါရီ ၈၊ ၂ဝ၁ဝ
http://moemaka.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5611&Itemid=
http://www.youtube.com/user/thesonofpeasants#p/a/u/1/jQHqjcqqVrk
လွ်ဳိ႕ဝွက္ မွတ္တမ္းေၾကာင့္
ေသဒဏ္က်သူမ်ား အယူခံဝင္မည္
ေက်ာ္သိခၤ | ေသာၾကာေန႔၊ ဇန္နဝါရီလ ၀၈ ရက္ ၂၀၁၀ ခုႏွစ္ ၁၈ နာရီ ၀၀ မိနစ္
ခ်င္းမိုင္ (မဇၥ်ိမ)။ ။ နအဖ စစ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ႏွစ္ဦး၏ ရုရွားႏွင့္ ေျမာက္ကိုရီးယား ခရီးစဥ္
လွ်ဳိ႕ဝွက္ မွတ္တမ္းမ်ား ေပါက္ၾကားမႈျဖင့္ အင္းစိန္ေထာင္ အထူးတရား႐ံုးက ယမန္ေန႔တြင္
ေသဒဏ္ခ်မွတ္ခဲ့သူ ႏွစ္ဦးအတြက္ အယူခံဝင္ရန္ ေရွ႕ေနမ်ား ျပင္ဆင္ေနေၾကာင္း
သိရသည္။
ကခ်င္မေနာပြဲ စည္းကမ္းမ်ား
ႀကိဳတင္သတ္မွတ္
မ်ဳိးႀကီး | ေသာၾကာေန႔၊ ဇန္နဝါရီလ ၀၈ ရက္ ၂၀၁၀ ခုႏွစ္ ၂၀ နာရီ ၃၉ မိနစ္
ေရႊလီ (မဇၥ်ိမ) ။ ။ ကခ်င္ျပည္နယ္ ၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္ ျမစ္ႀကီးနားတြင္ က်င္းပေနသည့္ ၆၂ ႏွစ္ေျမာက္္
ျပည္နယ္ေန႔ မေနာပြဲေတာ္ က်င္းပရန္ အာဏာပိုင္မ်ားက စည္းကမ္းခ်က္မ်ားကို ႀကိဳတင္
သတ္မွတ္ေပးခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
Burma's ruling junta will likely hold its long-awaited election in October
and announce electoral and party laws in April, according to a report by
a leading Japanese newspaper on Thursday.
A USDA source contacted by The Irrawaddy could not confirm the dates
mentioned in the report, saying that the group is still waiting for the
junta to officially announce the election date.
“Except for the head of the state, no one knows the date,” he said,
referring to junta head Snr-Gen Than Shwe.
“The USDA is in a good position. It is almost ready for the election,” the
source said, adding that the group has already made a list of candidates
for pro-government parties.
Others who may take part in the election include former student activists
who are well connected with the ruling generals, as well as veteran
politicians and relatives of cabinet members who served in the
administration of U Nu, Burma's first and last democratically elected
post-independence prime minister.
Speaking to The Irrawaddy, Thu Wai said that the election is a kind of
military tactic that will allow the junta to withdraw from the front line.
vrf;jyMu,fjrefrmpmMunfYwdkuf ( pifumyl ) vufa&G;pifaqmif;yg;rsm; twGJ 121 94
jynfolvlxktaygif;cHpm;ae&aom qif;&J'kuQrsdK;pHkrS vGwfajrmufatmif ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk t&ifOD;qHk;wdkufzsufjypf&rnf/
“So we, civilian politicians, should prepare to systematically take over
their places,” he said.
However, the main opposition party, the National League for Democracy
(NLD), led by detained pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi, has not
yet announced whether it will join the election.
NLD sources said the party's most urgent task is to reorganize itself
before the elections.
“The government and the USDA have been preparing for the election for
at least one and a half years, secretly nominating candidates for future
pro-government parties,” said Aye Thar Aung, an Arakanese leader and
the secretary of the Committee Representing the People’s Parliament, an
umbrella opposition organization.
Some observers in Burma said the Oct. 10 date provided by the Asahi
source was plausible, given the junta's superstitious attachment to
auspicious numbers. By setting the election on the 10th day of the 10th
month of the 10th year, the regime may believe that it will improve its
chances of victory.
Moreover, all three dates—Sept. 18, 1988, May 27, 1990 and Oct. 10,
2010—fall on Sundays.
“The generals are crazy about numbers and astrology, so you can't totally
dismiss the possibility that the junta has decided to hold the elections on
Oct. 10,” said an editor with a private journal in Rangoon.
She said that her mother was sent to Asia Royal Cardiac and Medical
Care Center for diagnosis because there were no cardiac machines in
Aung Yadana Medical Center. Kyi Lay was healthy and had no record of
heart problems, she said, adding that her mother was operated on by Dr.
Myint Swe and passed away in the operating room.
Kyi Lay's nephew told The Irrawaddy: "The medical superintendent, the
director and Dr. Myint Swe apologized. Moreover, they helped us and
showed support.”
Health Ministry statistics say the government spends 849 kyat [US
$0.80] for every citizen annually. According to the World Health
Organization, in 2003 the total health services expenditure by the
government and private citizens as a percentage of GDP was estimated at
2.8 percent.
In a sign of growing unrest in Burmese factories, about 100 female workers from a
a.m. on Thursday, though full details of their demands have not emerged.
western suburbs, said that the women had issued a demand calling for a list of 10
A clerk at the shrimp processing factory confirmed the strike, but declined to provide
further details.
The Ministry of Labor's deputy director, Win Shein, reportedly arrived at the scene
on Thursday together with police officers. The source said that security was tightened
mediate between the management and the workers to resolve issues. The mediator is
responsible for ensuring that certain minimum conditions are met, such as minimum
wages, hours and overtime. However, in Burma, it is rare for striking workers'
demands to be met.
Government officials were involved in negotiations with the workers over their
The monthly income of most factory workers in Burma ranges from 20,000 kyat
[$20] to 40,000 kyat [$40], forcing many to work overtime. Many factory owners
employ temporary workers who have no legal recourse if they are fired without
Most are young women between 15 and 27 years of age who come from the
“Political demands
[by ethnic groups]
related to federalism
Ethnic Kachin celebrate their annual also emerged,” he
Manaw Festival on Jan. 8. Like other said. He said that
minorities, the Kachin have long been since ethnic groups
denied the autonomy they seek from dominate many
Burma's rulers. (Photo: Reuters) regions of the
country, “the country
[would] break up into pieces” leading to the collapse of the nation.
“Our nation is a union where more than one hundred national ethnic
groups live...in every corner of the country due to [a] divide and rule
policy imposed during more than hundred years of colonization,” he said
in the prepared text of his speech.
He urged the graduates to treat locations where they are assigned to duty
as “their home” and to “treat local people as your own parents.”
The ceremony was also attended by Gen Tin Aung Myint Oo, Secretary-1
of the State Peace and Development Council and Quartermaster General
of the Armed Forces, and other members of the junta's leadership.
The most powerful ethnic armed cease-fire group, the United Wa State
Army, with about 20,000 troops in northern Shan State, has refused the
order, along with most of the other cease-fire groups.
Win Naing Kyaw, a former personal staff officer assigned to the State
Peace and Development Council’s Secretary-2, the late Lt-Gen Tin Oo,
was sentenced to death under the State Emergency Act III for leaking
military secrets to the exiled media.
The three were arrested after information and photos about Gen Shwe
Mann's trip to North Korea were leaked to exiled news media last year.
The trip involved procuring military arms, tunnel building and other
matters.
After the information leak, the junta made a significant reshuffle at the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs that affected more than 70 positions,
including two directors, four deputy directors and eight assistant
directors. It is not known if the reshuffle was directly a result of the
information leak.
Yin Yin Oo, a sister of former deputy minister Kyaw Thu, who was the
director of the ministry's influential political department, was
transferred to Saudi Arabia to a counselor post.
NEWS ANALYSIS
As Burma gears up for elections to be held sometime later this year, the country's
military junta is moving ahead with plans to transfer ownership of key industries to
business firms closely associated with the ruling generals.
Some analysts have suggested that the junta has begun to privatize energy
generation as a way to address the country's electricity shortages. Despite abundant
energy resources, domestic power consumption lags far behind neighboring
countries due to a lack of infrastructure and decades of economic mismanagement.
On Dec. 31, the state-owned newspaper Myanma Ahlin reported that the regime had
awarded a major contract for construction of two hydro-power plants to a company
owned by Tay Za, Burma's richest businessman and a close associate of Snr-Gen
Than Shwe, head of the ruling regime.
On the same day, the official English-language mouthpiece, The New Light of
Myanmar, trumpeted the junta's far-sighted energy plans: “With the aims of
increasing the supply of more electricity and contributing to building the
industrialized nation, the Ministry of Electric Power No. 1 had adopted the 30-year
long-term electricity development strategic plan and is implementing the hydro-
power projects in line with the five-year short-term plans.”
“People are fed up with the electricity shortage. They can't even get enough tap
water because of the lack of electricity. If the military government can solve this
problem, people would appreciate it,” said a Rangoon-based journalist who spoke on
condition of anonymity.
Privatization of Burma's energy resources will also help to ensure that the current
elite is able to retain control of a key sector of the economy after the election, when,
under the new Constitution, elected local governments will be allowed to manage
and distribute electricity from small- and medium-sized power plants.
The 2008 Constitution contains similar provisions granting states and divisions the
right to manage their mining and forestry resources. However, since 2006, a
growing number of state-run enterprises in these two sectors have been handed
over to private businesses.
According to official statistics, 380 small gold mines have been partly or totally
privatized in recent years, while more than 500 ruby and jade mines in Shan State,
Kachin State, Sagaing Division and Mandalay Division, including the well-known
Mogok and Mongshu mines, have come under private ownership.
“Generally speaking, releasing the state’s grip on business is good for the market
economy and a part of Burma's economic liberalization. But the problem is that
everything is going into the hands of military enterprises and cronies of the
generals,” said a Burmese economic researcher in Rangoon who asked to remain
anonymous.
By retaining control over major enterprises in the post-election period, the generals
will also be able to exercise a huge influence over their political successors, he
added.
With the generals running everything from airlines and media companies to mines
and hydro-power plants, many Burmese observers are skeptical about the regime's
claims that it is liberalizing the economy. They also point to a lack of transparency as
a further impediment to any improvement in the country's long-term economic
prospects.
“There is no systematic law regulating privatization. In every case, the generals have
simply issued orders granting ownership to a junta crony,” said Aung Thu Nyein, a
Burmese economic researcher based in Thailand.
“Privatization in Burma? Who is getting these companies? We must learn from the
lessons of Russia,” said a well-known economist in Rangoon.
Burmese authorities have ordered that the Burmese language text be removed from
billboards in Mon State commemorating the 63rd anniversary of Mon National Day,
according to Mon sources.
A senior member of the Mon National Day Committee (MNDC) in Moulmein, the
capital of Mon State, told The Irrawaddy on Thursday, “We have been told by the
authorities to erase the [Burmese] text because it could cause national unity. They
told us the order came from the southeast military command in Moulmein.”
The billboards included the same text in both the Mon and Burmese languages. The
Burmese text that the authorities ordered removed read: “In Southeast Asia [the
area] from Thaton to the Malay peninsula was [originally] included in Suwanabumi
[old Mon kingdom]. After the kingdom was occupied, heritage sites were lost. But
pagodas still stand in Thaton Township in Mon State.”
MNDC sources said the authorities informed them on Dec. 29 that they could only
use the Mon language on the billboards.
There are more than 2 million Mon in Burma, he said, but many Mon can't read the
Mon language.
He said the authorities also censored the statement on the billboards and a leaflet
about the anniversary of Mon National Day.
The Mon fought alongside the Burmese in the struggle for independence from British
colonial rule, but they have never achieved autonomy under the Burmese military
government.
The authorities have long discouraged overt displays of Mon nationalism, because
they are afraid it will encourage anti-regime sentiments.
The Mon have celebrated their national day for 63 years despite attempts by the
military government to eliminate it. The regime changed the name of the Mon
National Museum to “National Museum” and replaced the Mon script.
The Mon will celebrate Mon National Day on Jan. 30 in Moulmein, Mudon,
Thanbyuzayat and Ye townships. National Day commemorates the day when the first
Mon kingdom, Hongsawadee, was established in 1116 of the Buddhist Era, or 573 CE.
Than Shwe recently was quoted in the Burmese media that a general
election would be held, but no date was announced.
“I have taken note of that report, and this is an encouraging one,” Ban
said. “But at the same time, I expect that there should have been a clear
and firm date when this election would be held.”
“As I have made it quite clear in my meetings with Snr-Gen Than Shwe,
and other senior government officials of Myanmar [Burma], I have urged
Ban was asked about the selection of a new UN special envoy for Burma,
a post which has been vacant since Ibrahim Gambari was transferred to a
new position.
“Even during this time, either Mr. Gambari, or some other senior officers
within the Secretariat, are taking this job, and the responsibilities. You
should not worry about a gap, or vacancies, of our responsibility and our
commitment to see through the democratization process of Myanmar,”
Ban said.
Reporters Without Borders and the Burma Media Association (BMA) have
condemned a Burmese court in Pakokku Township that sentenced a freelance video
reporter to 20 years in prison for violation of the Electronics Act.
Hla Hla Win, 25, was arrested on Sept. 11. In October, she received a 7-year sentence
for possessing an illegally imported motorcycle. When authorities learned she was
associated with the exiled news organization, Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB),
and provided it with video material, she was charged under the Electronics Act,
which prohibits sending information critical of the military regime out of the country
via the Internet.
Hla Hla Win, who was sentenced again on Dec. 31, worked as a teacher. She will
serve a combined sentence of 26 years.
Myint Naing, who accompanied her, also received a 26-year sentence. They were
arrested in Pakokku Township, Magwe Division, after visiting a monastery.
In a joint statement, Reporters Without Borders and BMA said, “People had been
expecting signs of an opening and goodwill gestures from the military junta in this
election year, but this extremely severe sentence on a 25-year-old video maker leaves
little hope that the elections will be free."
Since the September 2007 Saffron Revolution, the Burmese authorities have cracked
down on Burmese who send photos or video critical of the military government to
exiled news media or opposition groups.
“We don't believe there should be two-way trade between Australia and
Burma at all … but there certainly shouldn't be two-way trade in
sensitive military equipment such as this,” he said in an interview with
Radio Australia.
“We are now preparing to send a message to the prime minister. We are
also collecting signatures from democracy supporters,” he said, noting
On its Web site, BCA has launched a “Don't Deal with Burma” campaign,
calling on Australian companies not to help fund Burma’s military
dictatorship and its systematic human rights abuses.
Oil company Twinza Oil and US-based Chevron, which has an Australian
affiliate, have also come under fire for their dealings with the Burmese
regime.
Norling was 37 and had written several articles on Burma and East
Timor for The Irrawaddy magazine. He has also written for newspapers
and magazines in Scandinavian countries. Norling traveled widely and
covered regional stories, including East Timor, Burma, Afghanistan,
Aceh and Iraq.
He is survived by his Thai wife and three-year old son. His friends and
colleagues will surely miss Torgeir Norling and The Irrawaddy would
like to express its deepest condolences to his family.
Blood-soaked Memories
COMMENTARY
Letter from Kathmandu
http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=17535
By AUNG ZAW Wednesday, January 6, 2010
“Is there a light at the end of the tunnel?” asked Kanak Mani Dixit, the
editor and publisher of Himal magazine in Kathmandu as he sat down.
He looked at me directly and seemed in no hurry for a reply. I realized he
was talking about the political situation in Burma.
“There is a distant light, yes,” I replied slowly. “In fact, it's like walking
the streets of Kathmandu at night.”
“It was like finding an oasis in the desert,” I said, and Kanak nodded to
show he understood the metaphor.
Nepalese riot police armed with batons, tear gas and automatic weapons
clashed with Maoist sympathizers in the Nepalese capital. The Maoists
claimed that 100 demonstrators were injured and the local news
reported that police arrested about 70 people on charges of vandalism.
After two and a half days, on Dec. 22, the Maoists called off the
nationwide strike. At noon, motorcycles, vehicles and an army of
rickshaw drivers (who had made relative fortunes during the strike as
they were the only ones who were allowed to operate) suddenly hit the
streets. The mood changed and smiles came back quickly to people's
faces as the city returned to its noisy, vibrant self.
Kunda Dixit, the editor of the Nepali Times and brother of Himal editor
Kanak, said that whenever Nepal faces a domestic crisis, “We all look to
India.”
In one of the world's poorest nations, the Maoists have had strong
support from the rural masses for decades. They have also been accused
of holding the country to ransom with terrorist tactics and policies
garnering fear and intimidation.
“They are the Khmer Rouge of Nepal,” thundered Kunda Dixit whose
office was attacked in December. Much of the educated class in Nepal
quietly agree.
I met another journalist who could not suppress his frustration and
anger. “These fascists should go back and fix their own countries and
have revolutions in their own countries, but not here in Nepal,” he
argued. “These Euro-pinkos are all so naïve and foolish!” he yelled.
Back on the streets of Kathmandu, people talk about the issue of “rapid
migration” as more and more rural folk move into the capital. The civil
war drove many to seek new lives in Kathmandu and the trend has
continued.
Ravi, a taxi driver, told me: “We don't need lanes on the streets here. We
just drive. If you can drive here, you can drive anywhere in the world.”
Ravi and many other ordinary people in Kathmandu are left wondering
which direction the country is heading. They blame corrupt politicians
and the Maoists, but perhaps unlike the intellectual journalists I met,
they do not see the bigger picture.
The dirty streets of Kathmandu left me choking, but I left with a fresh
perspective of how to view Burma.
"In the military everybody is liable for their failure to abide by the law.
No one is above the law," said Gen Thura Shwe Mann shortly after Gen
Khin Nyunt had been taken into custody on corruption charges.
According to the above provision, no legal action can be taken for any act
done by the members of SLORC or the SPDC in contrast to Gen Shwe
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Mann's statement. The generals are constitutionally above the law.
In early July 1990, about a month after the election, U Kyi Maung, then
de facto leader of the National League for Democracy, said in an
interview with the now defunct Hong Kong-based Asiaweek magazine
that Burma did not need a Nuremberg type tribunal.
Gen Khin Nyunt is not the only general who has been victim of their own
hypocrisy. In 1997, several generals who were members of SLORC, the
first military clique who led the coup d'état in 1988, were expelled and
arrested mostly due to their excessive corruption.
In fact, Sen-Gen Saw Maung, Than Shwe's predecessor and the coup
leader in 1988, was also dethroned and died in oblivion not long after.
Gen Ne Win who was the pioneer of Burma's military coups and who
ruled Burma for almost three decades died without a proper funeral
ceremony under undeclared house arrest. His family, once the most
powerful and influential in Burma, vanished and some were arrested and
imprisoned.
In South Korea, former generals and presidents such as Chun Doo Hwan
and Roh Tae Woo were jailed on charges of corruption in 1996 after they
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stepped down. Chun's family was accused of embezzling US $4 billion
during his rule. He received a death sentence, which was later reduced to
life.
In Indonesia, Suharto, the former president and coup leader, was put
under house arrest and investigated for corruption, accused of
embezzling US $571 millions. Suharto was not properly prosecuted due
to deteriorating health, but many of his relatives, including his son, were
sentenced to prison on corruption charges.
The reason for calling for a Commission of Inquiry is because the only
way to get the case to the ICC is through a UN Security Council referral,
since Burma is not a signatory to the ICC statute.
To date, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Central
African Republic which are member State Parties have referred cases
occurring on their territories to the court. In addition, the Security
Council has referred cases in Sudan, which is a non-State Party.
However, the Burmese generals are hedging their bets through the
Constitution, which also grants them the right, during a State of
Emergency, to abolish and take over the elected government.
But clearly, if history is the judge, such efforts offer no real protection for
those who abuse the rights of their fellow countrymen. The generals
would be wise to pursue a course of national reconciliation as quickly as
possible, including the establishment of a truth and reconciliation
commission.
Ahead of the 2010 election, the Burmese people must ask whether the
role of “union level” civil society groups and the role of elected members
of parliament will be competing or complementary in the new
Constitution.
“Dictators don’t want to relinquish their power and even if they can’t
avoid doing it, they will release their power in a piecemeal fashion,” said
U Thu Wai, a well-known veteran politician in a statement on why he
decided to participate in the election. “The people should seize the
opportunity at hand and strive to build up their strength gradually. In
this way, they will gain democracy fully.”
Section 100/a states: “The Union level organizations formed under the
Constitution shall have the right to submit the Bills relating to matters
they administered among the matters included in the Union Legislative
List to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed
procedures.”
Section 92/b states: “No action shall be taken against such members or
persons for their submission and speeches in Pyidaungsu Hluttaw by
other law except under its law.”
After a study of the Union Legislative List, it's estimated that more than
a dozen existing state-founded organizations will become Union-level
organizations and play a major role in legislative affairs. Others will
probably be created in the immediate future.
In the health sector, there are the Myanmar Medical Association (MMA),
Myanmar Dental Association (MDA), Myanmar Nurses Association
(MNA) and Myanmar Traditional Medicine Practitioners Association.
Some go back to the colonial era and early independence. The UMFCCI
and MRCS were formed in 1919 and 1920, and the MMA in 1949.
Unlike them, the USDA, which was formed in 1993 by the current
military generals, plays a dual role as a social as well as paramilitary
organization.
The USDA has been used to launch violent public attacks on democratic
icon Aung San Suu Kyi and her supporters, reminiscent of similar violent
The country may well experience conflict and strife from the emergence
of established civil society organizations that try to wield real influence if
they are not allowed the freedom to exercise their role in society in a
professional, accepted fashion, but are subject to top-down control by
the government.
The national vision of the Burmese generals in the seventh and final step
of their political “road map” to democracy is to build a modern,
developed and democratic nation.
To protect the process from internal and external threats, the generals
established a national defense goal built around what it called the
“People’s War Strategy.”
The Burmese military carried out a strategy that attacked the Burmese
Communist Party and various ethnic insurgencies during the era of Gen
Ne Win. With the rise of the current junta, Snr-Gen Than Shwe has
promoted a strategy to oppress the democratic movements of the past 20
years.
The strategy outlines 12 basic concepts. The five most interesting are:
give political leadership [to the people]; organize [the people] based on
the five development actions; utilize four strengths such as [nationalist]
mind, people, time and place; form people’s militias; and finally, to unite
the people and the military cohesively.
The manual states: “to carry out the formation of the people’s militia and
to give the people political leadership, the USDA, as the sole national
force setting the three main national causes as the organization’s goals,
will give political leadership.”
The USDA is at the core of the people’s war strategy, and, as such, it
must participate in the junta’s five development actions, which are
health, education, transportation, economic development and security.
The manual states that the people’s militia's duties include attacking an
enemy by creating instability through psychological warfare,
assassinating enemy leaders and organizing systematic single or group
terrorist attacks (such as poisoning water sources or destroying fuel
pipelines or railroads with explosive devices, and burning electrical
power plants).
The current list may yet be modified before the election and some
potential candidates in the list could be removed. All depends on the
regime leader Snr-Gen Than Shwe, who still calls the shots.
However, before vacating the throne, Than Shwe will make sure he and
his family can live in safely, leaving his trusted officers in high positions
to ensure security.
Than Shwe has reportedly already endorsed the junta's No 3, Gen Thura
Shwe Mann, joint chief-of-staff in the armed forces, to become president
of post-election Burma.
According to sources close to the military elite, Shwe Mann, 62, will be
nominated by the representatives of the military in the future Senate and
House, to be formed after the planned 2010 election.
The military will receive 25 percent of the seats at the village, township,
state, regional and district levels in the new governing body, according to
the 2008 Constitution.
There will be three nominees for the presidency—one from the Amyotha
Hluttawa (Nationlities Parliament or Senate), one from the members of
the Pyithu Hluttaw (People's Assembly or House) and one from the
military contingent of the two Hluttaws. The Senate and the House will
then vote to choose the president.
Shwe Mann and his wife are close to Than Shwe’s family on a personal
level, and have been known to go on shopping trips together to
Singapore.
According to the Constitution, one of the duties of the new president will
be to head the National Defense and Security Council, which has the
power to declare a state of emergency and nullify the Constitution.
Than Shwe currently holds Burma’s most powerful position in the armed
forces and analysts say he will hand this position over only to his most
trusted ally.
There appear to be plenty of subordinates who could fill the shoes. They
include Lt-Gen Hla Htay Win, Maj-Gen Ko Ko, Maj-Gen Tin Ngwe and
Maj-Gen Kyaw Swe. All are close to Than Shwe and Maung Aye.
Analysts also tip Lt-Gen Myint Swe, a Than Shwe protégé, as a possible
candidate for the post of defense minister. He attended the 15th intake of
the Defense Services Academy in 1971 and is currently commander of the
Bureau of Special Operations 5.
Analysts say Than Shwe wants to make sure the 2010 election provides
him and his family with a safe exit strategy. That entails leaving his
trusted aides at the helm—and ensuring that Burma remains under the
military boot.
EDITORIAL
This is the time of year when most people, associations, institutions and even
governments customarily review the passing year and consider what the coming one
2009 was a sad and busy year. Early on, the plight of Rohingya refugees made
Signs of closer ties between Burma and North Korea followed, creating unease in
Washington and the capitals of Southeast Asia, while the Burmese generals in
Naypyidaw seemed less sure about how to respond to friendly overtures from the US,
Recently, Burma's military regime arrested and put on trial dozens of regime
officials—civilian and military—for allegedly leaking top secrets to the opposition and
media. Some of them face execution for treason. Others are likely to be sentenced to
In 2009, the generals’ main tasks were to keep opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi
and other political activists safely under wraps and to rein in restive cease-fire groups
Thanks to the unwanted American “visitor” John William Yettaw, the Burmese
regime found an elaborate pretext in August for putting Suu Kyi on trial and
extending her house arrest. Meanwhile, more than 2,000 political prisoners remain
incarcerated in various prisons around the country, while the crackdown on all
opposition continues.
In June, Burmese government troops and their Karen ally, the Democratic Karen
Buddhist Army, captured three military bases from their traditional foe, the Karen
National Liberation Army, in an offensive that forced about 4,500 Karen civilians to
flee in one of the largest movements of refugees across the Thai-Burmese border in a
decade.
Relations between ethnic cease-fire groups and the junta also deteriorated in April
when Naypyidaw ordered them to transform their armies into a border guard force,
to operate under the command of the Burmese army. In a tactic aimed at achieving
compliance with the junta’s plan, the regime decided to pressure first of all the
Kokang group in August, citing its concern about Kokang links to illegal activities,
Based on these events, we see little hope of any real political, economic and social
changes in 2010.
Snr-Gen Than Shwe has said firmly that there will be no review of the Constitution—
based on the junta’s seven-step “road map” to democracy. So, if it takes place as
However, The Irrawaddy sees no reason to believe that the 2010 election will be
anything other than Naypyidaw's way of ensuring that the military remains the
Unless the ruling generals recognize that Burma needs urgent and fundamental
will continue to push the country ever deeper into the status of a failed state. As a
And so, after reading the reports we have carried throughout the year, one can safely
say that the one sentiment we take into the New Year is simply the same as we
At this point, we humbly thank our brave sources—from academics and monks to
the movement for the freedom of the press. They deserve much credit for providing
valuable information and comment that can ultimately serve to make the nation and
for laying the groundwork and cultivating hope for the country’s prospects of
achieving pluralism and democracy. The Irrawaddy believes the ruling military
Myanmar has the death penalty but sentences are almost always commuted to life
imprisonment
The men were arrested last year after details and photos were passed to exiled
media about the visits by senior regime officials and about military tunnels built
in Myanmar by nuclear-armed North Korea, reports said.
"Two officials got the death sentence and another one was jailed for 15 years for
leaking information. They were sentenced at the special court in Insein Prison
on Thursday," an official source said on condition of anonymity.
The two condemned men were retired army major Win Naing Kyaw and foreign
ministry official Thura Kyaw, while the jailed man was Pyan Sein, also a
foreign ministry employee, the sources said.
Myanmar, formerly known as Burma and ruled by the army since 1962, has the
death penalty but sentences are almost always commuted to life imprisonment.
Details about possible links between North Korea and military-ruled Myanmar
prompted the United States to express concerns about regional security, even as
Washington pursued a new policy of engagement with the junta.
Thursday's sentences were passed under the state emergency act for leaking
military secrets, the website of Thailand-based Irrawaddy magazine said, citing
sources at the notorious jail in Yangon where hundreds of dissidents are held.
It said Win Naing Kyaw also received a 20-year sentence for violation of the
Electronic Act and holding illegal foreign currency. The act prohibits sending
information, photos or video damaging to the regime abroad via the Internet.
The leaks by the three men included details of a 2008 trip to communist North
Korea by junta number three General Shwe Mann, who is also the joint chief of
staff of Myanmar's armed forces, exile-run media said.
Shwe Mann's visit involved procuring arms and discussing tunnel-building and
other matters, Irrawaddy reported.
The documents the men released further showed that junta number two Maung
Aye visited Russia in 2006 to discuss the procurement of a guided missile
system with Moscow officials, the DVB said on its website Friday.
Dozens of other officials in the defence and foreign ministries were arrested
after the leaks but the status of their cases is not known, Irrawaddy said.
A video journalist who had worked with the DVB was last week jailed for 20
years for violating the electronics act, rights groups said Wednesday, although
they did not mention any link with the Myanmar-North Korea case.
But with both countries branded "outposts of tyranny" by the United States in
recent years they later sought to rebuild relations.
But the Obama administration has recently sought engagement with the junta,
despite its continued detention of pro-democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi and
alleged rights abuses.
January 9,
2010http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/09/world/asia/09myanmar.html?pagewanted=
print
Burma have established a secret alliance and that North Korea has
delivered military-related equipment to Burma.”
Reuters identified the two men sentenced to death as Maj. Win Naing
Kyaw, who is retired, and U Thura Kyaw, a Foreign Ministry clerk; they
were charged under a broad law that covers threats to national security.
The third person sentenced was identified by The Irrawaddy as U Pyan
Sein, who was convicted of violating an act covering the use of illegal
electronic devices.
The sentences reflect what many experts describe as the paranoia of
Myanmar’s senior general, Than Shwe, who appears continually concerned
about threats to his power. Five years ago he moved the seat of government
from Yangon, formerly Rangoon, to Naypyidaw, a more remote location, in
part to defend against potential outside attacks.
General Than Shwe recently confirmed that elections would take place this
year — the first in two decades. The death sentences may be a warning to
potential dissenters, analysts said.
“He doesn’t have a choice — he has to call elections because he already
announced they would go ahead,” Mr. Win Min said. “But he is still worried
about threats from within.”
Death sentences in Myanmar are often commuted to life in prison, but the
court decision remains a potent reminder for those thinking of stepping out
of line, Mr. Win Min said.
This photo taken in October 2009 shows a woman (lower L) walking among the Khay
Min Ga temples
BAGAN, Myanmar — Soaring high in a hot air balloon over Bagan in central
Myanmar at sunrise, foreign tourists gasp in awe at a vast plain dotted with
around 4,000 centuries-old temples.
Despite sights like these Myanmar remains one of the least visited nations in
Asia, as many operators and holidaymakers take their money elsewhere so that
it doesn't end up lining the pockets of the country's military rulers.
But others argue that it is possible to explore the country with a clear conscience
in spite of concerns over the junta's rights abuses, imprisonment of dissidents
and use of forced labour.
"If nobody came here, there would be more poverty than there is now, I guess,
so I don't actually have a problem coming here. It doesn't mean that I support
the system," said Dirk, a Belgian tourist in Bagan.
Yasmin, a German visitor, said she wanted to "build up my own idea of the
situation here".
Last year, just 230,000 foreigners arrived at Yangon airport, more than half of
them tourists, according to an official estimate. The figure was up from the
177,018 who arrived in the previous year but around the same as 2007.
The biggest groups of tourists come from Thailand, China and Japan, drawn by
wonders such as Yangon's gold-covered gilded Shwe Dagon pagoda and
stunning Inle Lake with its mountains and stilt villages.
Calls by rights groups and some western governments for a visitor boycott grew
louder after the regime launched a bloody crackdown on huge pro-democracy
protests led by Buddhist monks in September 2007.
Thousands of people were arrested after the demonstrations and many received
long jail sentences.
He got out after a month, after his third time behind bars, and while his troupe
of performers, the Moustache Brothers, is banned from performing in public, it
keeps its nightly shows going for tourists.
"Tourists come -- you know what is happening here," said Lu Maw, another
member of the troupe, before a show in Mandalay, the country's second biggest
city.
A group of 10 mainly Western tourists watches the mix of crude slapstick and
bizarre puppetry, the performers swathed in gaudy costumes and daubed with
makeup.
"Tourist's camera, tourist's eye, tourist's ear. That's what we need!" says Lu
Maw.
However, with elections promised by the regime later this year, the situation is
showing signs of gradual change.
Detained opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi last year wrote to reclusive junta
leader Than Shwe offering suggestions on getting Western sanctions lifted after
years of advocating punitive measures against the generals.
A painting seller in Bagan living in a one-roomed hut near the temple ruins said
a boost in tourism would help the economy.
"We need tourists here. The government gets only 10 dollars for the entrance
fee. But we get money from tourists in hotels, restaurants and by selling things,"
said the man, speaking on condition of anonymity.
But the junta remains wary of opening up the country to the eyes of tourists.
Much of Myanmar remains off-limits, particularly its sensitive border areas
largely inhabited by minority ethnic groups.
Visitors therefore tend to see the same handful of sites, leaving most of
Myanmar's people untouched by tourism.
"Here we don't benefit because tourists don't come here. They go straight past
our village. It's just the government who benefits," said a fisherman in a village
near Yangon.
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http://moemaka.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5620&Itemid=1
ေန႔ဖက္မွာ ငါးဖမ္းေလွေတြ၊ ငါးပုဇြန္လုပ္သားေတြနဲ႔ စည္ကားတဲ့ ရေနာင္းၿမိဳ႔ဟာ
ညဘက္မွာေတာ့ စား ေသာက္ဆိုင္ေတြ၊ ကာရာအိုေကဆိုင္ေတြနဲ႔ လႈပ္ရွားေနတဲ့
ဆိပ္ကမ္းၿမိဳ႔တၿမိဳ႔ပါ။ ျမန္မာလူငယ္ေတြ၊ ျမန္မာငါးဖမ္းလုပ္သားေတြနဲ႔ ညစဥ္ညတိုင္း
လႈပ္လႈပ္ရွားရွား ရွိေနတာကေတာ့ ရေနာင္းၿမိဳ႔ဆိပ္ ကမ္းရပ္ကြက္က စားေသာက္ဆိုင္ေတြ၊
ကာရာအိုေကဆိုင္ေတြ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
အစုန္အဆန္မ်ား
ေဂၚရွယ္
ဇန္န၀ါရီ ၁၀၊ ၂၀၁၀
http://moemaka.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5619&Itemid=1
"သီတာမ"
လို႔ ေခၚလိုက္တာနဲ႔
"ရွင္"
ထူးသံနဲ႔ အတူ ေခၚသူအိမ္ရွင္ရဲ့အေရွ႔ကို ေရာက္ေနၿပီးသားပါပဲ။ ခိုင္းခ်င္ရာ ခိုင္း ဆိုတဲ့သေဘာေပါ့။
နံနက္ ၈ နာရီ ခြဲ - ညေန ၃ နာရီ ခြဲ ေက်ာင္းတက္ ေက်ာင္းဆင္းခ်ိန္၊ အၿဖဴ အစိမ္း
ေက်ာင္းဝတ္စံုနဲ႔ ရြယ္တူကေလးေလးေတြကို မသီတာ တခ်က္ၾကည့္ၿပီး သူ႔ရဲ့ အိမ္မႈကိစၥေတြကိုပဲ
ၿပန္လုပ္ေနခဲ့တယ္။ မသီတာ ရင္ထဲကဆႏၵ တစံုတခုကို မၿဖစ္ႏိုင္မွန္း သိလို႔ လစ္လွ်ဴရႈ
လိုက္တာလား၊ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ဗလာနတၳိ လား ဆိုတာကိုေတာ့ ဘယ္သူကမွ မသိနိုင္ခဲ့ပါဘူး။
(ဇန္န၀ါရီ ၁၊ ၂၀၁၀)
ႏုိင္ငံေရးအဖဲြ႔ အလွဴမလုပ္ရဟုဆုိ
ဓာတ္ပုံသတင္း
ဇန္န၀ါရီ ၉၊ ၂၀၁၀
ေစ်းႏွိမ္၀ယ္စပါး လယ္သမားမ်ားထံေစ်းတင္
အဓမၼျပန္ေရာင္း နအဖတပ္အိတ္ေဖါင္းစီမံခ်က္
စေနေန႕၊ 09 ဇန္န၀ါရီ 2010 သွ်မ္းသံေတာ္ဆင့္
သွ်မ္းျပည္အေ႐ွ႕ပိုင္း မိုင္းတုံၿမို႕နယ္ မဲကင္ေက်း႐ြာအုပ္စု လယ္သမားမ်ားထံ ေဒသခံ နအဖ
စစ္တပ္က စပါးေစ်းႏွိမ္၀ယ္၍ လက္႐ွိေပါက္ေစ်းျဖင့္အဓမၼျပန္ေရာင္း ရေငြအတြက္
အမိန္႕ဆင္ဆိုက္လိုက္သည္ဟု ထိုင္းနယ္စပ္သတင္းရပ္ကြက္က ေျပာပါသည္။
ဇႏၹ၀ါရီ ၁ ရက္ မိုင္းတံုအေျခစိုက္ ခမရ ၅၁၉ ႏွင့္ ခလရ ၂၂၅ တို႕ မိုင္းတံုၿမိဳ႕နယ္ မဲကင္အုပ္စု႐ွိ
လယ္ေျမဧကအားလံုး စာရင္းေကာက္ၿပီး လယ္တစ္ဧက စပါးတစ္တင္းႏႈန္းဆင့္ဆုိ၍ တစ္တင္း
၁၅၀၀ က်ပ္ သတ္မွတ္၀ယ္ယူခဲ့၏။
မိုင္းတံုၿမိဳ႕နယ္ မဲကင္ ေက်း႐ြာအုပ္စု၀င္ ၀မ့္လံု႐ြာတြင္ လယ္ ၅၇၅ ဧက၊ ၀မ့္ေမါက္စလီ ၄၃၀ ဧက၊
၀မ့္မိုင္ဆုန္ခန္ ၁၀၄ ဧက၊ ၀မ့္နားပါေကာင္(၀္) ၃၂၆ ဧက ႐ွိသည္ဟု နအဖစစ္တပ္
ေကာက္ယူေသာစာရင္းကုိ ကိုးကားၿပီး အမည္မေဖၚလိုသည့္ လယ္သမားတဦးက ေျပာပါသည္။
The delegation, led by an official from the Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd
(UMEHC)), visited the site on 24-25 December. No further details were given but the
Thai business people were believed to be from Saraburi Coal Mining, a subsidiary of
Ital-Thai that had won a contract to mine the coal deposits in Mong Kok.
The company, according to the contract, was also required to build a road from the
coalmines to Thailand across the border near the bases manned by the Shan State
Army (SSA) ‘South’ and the United Wa State Army (UWSA), that had caused alarm
among the local populace.
“The company should also know that it is responsible for our safety and welfare if the
Burmese army use this road to fight the Wa and the Shans,” said a local in
Mongkarn tract, Monghsat township.
The planned road construction across the border has also been opposed by
environmentalists and the local populace on the Thai side. As a result, the road
project has yet to be implemented after a year.
Bangladesh, Myanmar to
demarcate maritime boundary
through coordinated policy
www.chinaview.cn 2010-01-09 20:21:21 Print
Alam, who led the Bangladeshi delegation at the meeting, said the
two countries would hold another meeting in Myanmar before April to
formulate the coordinated policy. He, however, said the talks ended
The dispute was created over the maritime boundary between the
two neighboring countries as Bangladesh protested Myanmar's move
for lifting mineral resources from a disputed block in Bay of Bengal in
2008.
ကခဵင္ေကဵာင္းသားအဖၾဲႛ ဴမစ္႒ကီးနား႓မိႂႛမႀာ
စစ္အစိုးရဆန္ႛကဵင္ေရး စာဴဖန္ႛ
2010-01-09 http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/student_activists_distribute_anti-
junta_posters_in_Myitkyina-01092010103058.html/story_main?textonly=1
ကခဵင္ဴပည္နယ္ေနႛ ေကအိုင္အုိကို
လက္နက္ယူနီေဖာင္းနဲႛ တက္ခၾင့္မေပး
2010-01-10
http://www.rfa.org/burmese/news/KIO_not_allowed_to_attend_in_uniform_at_Kachi
n-State_Day-01102010100950.html/story_main?textonly=1
ဦးစိန္လြင္
ေမး။ ပိုင္းေလာ့ကိုဘယ္သူသတ္တာလဲဗ်။
လႈိင္သာယာ စက္မႈဇုန္ ၂ ရွိ ပုစြန္ အေအးခန္း စက္႐ံုတခုတြင္ အလုပ္သမား ၁၀၀ ခန္႔က ယခုလ ၇
ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ဆႏၵျပခဲ့သလို၊ စက္မႈဇုန္ ၃ ရွိ Weng Hong Hung အထည္ခ်ဳပ္ စက္႐ုံတြင္
ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္လ ၁၇ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ အလုပ္သမားမ်ား လုပ္အားခ တိုးျမႇင့္ေတာင္းဆိုမႈ ျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့သည္။
ဒုကၡသည္မ်ား ဂ်ပန္ေရာက္လွ်င္ ၆
လသင္တန္း တက္ရမည္
ေက်ာ္ခ | တနလၤာေန႔၊ ဇန္နဝါရီလ ၁၁ ရက္ ၂၀၁၀ ခုႏွစ္ ၁၆ နာရီ ၄၃ မိနစ္
ခ်င္းမိုင္ (မဇၥ်ိမ) ။ ။ ဂ်ပန္ႏိုင္ငံက ပထမဆံုး လက္ခံမည့္ ထုိင္း-ျမန္မာနယ္စပ္ရွိ ျမန္မာဒုကၡသည္
ဦးေရ ၃၀ သည္ ဂ်ပန္ႏိုင္ငံ ေရာက္လွ်င္ ႏိုင္ငံတကာ ေရႊ႕ေျပာင္း အေျခခ် ေနထုိင္သူမ်ား႐ံုး IOM
၏ ၆ လၾကာ သင္တန္းကို တက္ရမည္ဟု သိရသည္။
(ကိုဝိုင္း တည္းျဖတ္သည္။)
လူတုပ္ေကြး ကာကြယ္ေဆး
အေရြးခက္ေနျခင္း
DR. တင့္ေဆြ | တနလၤာေန႔၊ ဇန္နဝါရီလ ၁၁ ရက္ ၂၀၁၀ ခုႏွစ္ ၁၄ နာရီ ၁၅ မိနစ္ ေဆာင္းပါး
“က်ေနာ္တို႔ၿမိဳ႕မွာ လာထိုးေပးမယ့္ လူတုပ္ေကြး ကာကြယ္ေဆးက ထိုင္ဝမ္ႏိုင္ငံက လုပ္တာတဲ့။
ေဆးရဲ႕ ဆိုဒ္အဖက္ (ေဘးထြက္ဆိုးက်ဳိး) က ျပင္းထန္တယ္လို႔ ၾကားတယ္။ ဘယ္လိုလုပ္ရင္
ေကာင္းမလဲဗ်ာ။ ေဆးလည္း ထိုးခ်င္တယ္၊ ထိုးလည္း မထိုးရဲဘူး”
၂၀၁၀ မဟာဗ်ဴဟာ
ေမာင္ေမာင္လွႀကိဳင္ | တနလၤာေန႔၊ ဇန္နဝါရီလ ၁၁ ရက္ ၂၀၁၀ ခုႏွစ္ ၁၄ နာရီ ၀၈ မိနစ္
ေဆာင္းပါး
http://www.mizzimaburmese.com/edop/songpa/4550-2010-01-11-07-55-51.html
ယခု ညီလာခံက ဥကၠ႒ ခိုင္ရဲခိုင္၊ ဒုတိယ ဥကၠ႒ (၁) ခိုင္စိုးႏိုင္ေအာင္၊ ဒုတိယ ဥကၠ႒ (၂)
ခိုင္မ်ိဳးမင္းႏွင့္ အေထြေထြ အတြင္းေရးမႉး ခိုင္ေအာင္မိုးေဝတုိ႔ ပါဝင္ေသာ ဗဟိုေကာ္မတီကို ၁၅
ဦးျဖင့္ ဖြဲ႔စည္းႏိုင္ခဲ့သည္။
အန္အယ္လ္ဒီ လုပ္ငန္းတာ၀န္မ်ားလုပ္ေဆာင္ရန္
အားသစ္ေလာင္း
NEJ / ၁၁ ဇန္န၀ါရီ ၂၀၁၀
အေျပာင္းအလဲ တကယ္ျဖစ္ခ်င္တယ္ဆုိရင္
ေအာင္ဇံ
၁၁ ဇန္န၀ါရီ ၂၀၁၀ http://www.khitpyaing.org/articles/2010/January/11110b.php
အမ်ဳိးသားဒီမုိကေရစီအဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္အေနနဲ႔ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲအႏုိင္ရအၿပီးမွာ
ျပည္သူ႔လႊတ္ေတာ္ေပၚေပါက္ေရး၊ ၉၀ ရလဒ္ အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ေရးအတြက္
အမ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးႀကိဳးစားခဲ့သလုိ ေနာက္ပုိင္းမွာ ေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးေရး၊ အမ်ဳိးသားျပန္လည္ သင့္ျမတ္ေရး
ျဖစ္ေပၚလာဖုိ႔အတြက္လည္း နည္းလမ္းေပါင္းစုံနဲ႔ ႀကိဳးပမ္းအားထုတ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ သုိ႔ေပမယ့္
ႀကိဳးပမ္းအားထုတ္မႈ မွန္သမွ်ဟာ န၀တ၊ နအဖ အာဏာပုိင္မ်ားရဲ႕ ဟန္႔တားေႏွာင့္ယွက္မႈ
ပိတ္ဆုိ႔အေရးယူမႈမ်ားနဲ႔သာ ႀကံဳေတြ႔ခဲ့ရၿပီး အဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ားကိုလည္း ဖမ္းဆီးေထာင္ခ်
ညႇဥ္းပန္းႏွိပ္စက္ သတ္ျဖတ္မႈမ်ားနဲ႔သာ တု႔ံျပန္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒီလုိနဲ႔ အမ်ဳိးသားဒီမုိကေရစီ အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ရဲ႕
အႏွစ္ႏွစ္ဆယ္ေက်ာ္ ႀကိဳးပမ္းအားထုတ္မႈဟာ အရာမထင္ ခရီးမေရာက္ျဖစ္ခဲ့ရပါတယ္။
အခုအခ်ိန္မွာဆုိရင္ အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္႐ုံးတခုသာ ဖြင့္ခြင့္ရၿပီး စည္း႐ုံးလႈပ္ရွားႏုိင္မႈ လုံး၀မရွိတဲ့
အေျခအေနမွာ ရွိေနသလုိ အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ရဲ႕ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္အေနနဲ႔လည္း
ေထာင္ဒဏ္ခ်မွတ္ျခင္းခံထားရပါတယ္။
၂။ ဗဟုိအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔၀င္အားလုံးနဲ႔ ေတြ႔ဆုံခြင့္ေပးဖုိ႔၊
ေခတ္ၿပိဳင္ဓာတ္ပံုမ်ား
ပံု(၁)
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ပံု(၃)
ပံု(၄)
ပံု(၅)
ပံု(၆)
ပံု(၇)
(ဓာတ္ပံု- ေခတ္ၿပိဳင္)
ပံု(၁)
ပံု(၃)
ပံု(၄)
ပံု(၅)
ပံု(၆)
ပံု(၇)
(၂၁) ႏွစ္ေျမာက္
ဖုန္းေမာ္ေန႔အထိမ္းအမွတ္အခမ္းအနားတရပ္ကို (၁၃-
၃-၀၉) ေန႔၌
ထိုင္း-ျမန္မာနယ္စပ္တေနရာတြင္
ျမန္မာ့အေရးလႈပ္ရွားေဆာင္ရြက္သူမ်ားက က်င္းပစဥ္
( မတ္လ(၁၃)ရက္၊ ၂၀၀၉)
ပံု၁
(ဓာတ္ ပံု- ေခတ္ၿပိဳင္)
ပံု၂
ပံု၃
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Appendix