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PHYSICS (PH - 1201) : Unit-6 (Laser) Group-A (Theoretical) Laser

This document discusses the theoretical and numerical concepts of lasers. It begins by explaining the differences between lasers and normal visible light and discusses Einstein's coefficients for spontaneous and stimulated emission. It then defines population inversion and how it is needed for lasing action. The document also explains how an optical resonator ensures a narrow frequency spread in the laser output. Several numerical problems are then presented relating to calculating ratios of emission, resonant cavity modes, photon emission rates, and energy levels in He-Ne lasers.

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Kool Prashant
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102 views1 page

PHYSICS (PH - 1201) : Unit-6 (Laser) Group-A (Theoretical) Laser

This document discusses the theoretical and numerical concepts of lasers. It begins by explaining the differences between lasers and normal visible light and discusses Einstein's coefficients for spontaneous and stimulated emission. It then defines population inversion and how it is needed for lasing action. The document also explains how an optical resonator ensures a narrow frequency spread in the laser output. Several numerical problems are then presented relating to calculating ratios of emission, resonant cavity modes, photon emission rates, and energy levels in He-Ne lasers.

Uploaded by

Kool Prashant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS (PH - 1201): Unit-6 (Laser)

Group-A (Theoretical)
Laser:
1. What are the differences between LASER and normal visible light?
2. Explain with neat diagram, spontaneous emission, stimulated absorption and stimulated emission of
radiation and deduce of expressions relating various Einsteins coefficients.
3. Define Einsteins A, B coefficient for spontaneous and stimulated emission. Derive the relations among
them. Find out the units of Einsteins A, B coefficients.
4. Show that the Einsteins coefficient for absorption is equal to that for stimulated emission.
5. Show that the ratio of spontaneous and stimulated emission is proportional to the cube of the frequency.
6. What is population inversion? Why is it needed for lasing action?
7. Discuss the action of optical resonator in the context of LASER generation. What is the relation of the
length of the resonator with the frequency of the laser beam?
8. Describe how the optical resonator in a laser setup is used to ensure that the frequency spread of the
output light is very small.
9. What are the conditions for lasing action? Briefly discuss how these conditions can be fulfilled.
10. Explain the working principle of He-Ne laser with energy level diagram.
Group-B (Numerical)
Laser:
1. Calculate the ratio of stimulated to the spontaneous emission at a temperature 300 K for sodium D-line
( = 5890 )

[A: 410-36]

2. Assuming the wavelength of laser light to be 5000 , at what temperature are the rates of stimulated
and spontaneous emission equal?
[A: 41,556 K]
3. Find the relative population of the two states in a He-Ne laser that produces light of wavelength 6328
at 27oC.

[A: 1.12810-33]

4. If the distance between two plane mirrors of the resonant cavity of a He-Ne laser is 750 cm, find the
modes of separation in the cavity.

[A: 2108 Hz]

5. Find the energy difference between two energy levels of neon atom if the transition between these levels
gives a photon of wavelength 632.8 nm. Also calculate the number of photons emitted per second to
give a power output of 2 mW.

[A: 1.96 eV, 6.371015]

6. In a He-Ne laser transition from 3s to 2p level gives a laser beam of wavelength 632.8 nm. If the 2p
level has energy equal to 15.210-19 J, calculate the required pumping energy (assuming no loss of
energy).
[A: 11.46 eV]

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