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Special Functions: Step Functions Greatest Integer Functions Piecewise Functions

This document discusses different types of special functions including step functions, greatest integer functions, and piecewise functions. Step functions output a certain value over a range of input values. Greatest integer functions round numbers down to the nearest integer. Piecewise functions graph different equations over different parts of the domain separated at a point where the graph changes.

Uploaded by

Choco Sobana
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
71 views

Special Functions: Step Functions Greatest Integer Functions Piecewise Functions

This document discusses different types of special functions including step functions, greatest integer functions, and piecewise functions. Step functions output a certain value over a range of input values. Greatest integer functions round numbers down to the nearest integer. Piecewise functions graph different equations over different parts of the domain separated at a point where the graph changes.

Uploaded by

Choco Sobana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Special Functions

Step functions
Greatest integer functions
Piecewise functions

Step functions: A range of values give a certain


outcome.

Your grades are based on a step function.


Grade Scale
Letter grades have the following percentage equivalents:
A+ 99-100 B+ 91-92 C+ 83-84
D+ 75-76 F 0- 69
A 96-98 B 88-90 C 80-82
D 72-74
A- 93-95 B- 85-87 C- 77-79
D- 70-71

Greatest Integer Function is a step function


The function is written as

f ( x) [| x |]
It is not an absolute value. The function rounds
down to the last integer.

Find the value of a number in the Greatest Integer


function f(x) =[| x |]

f(2.7) = 2

f(0.8) = 0

f(- 3.4) = - 4

It rounds down to the last integer


Find the value
f( 5.8) =
f() =
f(- ) =

A step function graph

How to graph a step function;


f(x)= [| x |]

Find the values of x = .., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2,


f(-2) = -2
f(-1) = - 1
f(0) = 0
f(1) = 1
f(2) = 2

Now lets look at 0.5,1.5, -0.5, -1.5


f(-1.5) = -2 It is the same as f( - 2) = -2
f(-0.5) = - 1
f( - 1) = -1
f(0.5) = 0
f(0) = 0
f(1.5) = 1
f(1) = 1
So between 0 and almost 1 it equal 0
f(0.999999999999999999999) = 0

The Constant Function

Here f(x) is equal to one number.


f(x) = 3.
Have we seen
this before?

Absolute Value function: f(x) = | x |

Let plot some points


x f(x)
0 0
1 1
-1 1
2 2
-2 2

Lets graph f(x) = - | x 3|

x
0
1
2
3
4
5

- | x 3|
- | 0 3| = - | - 3|
- | 1 3| = - | - 2|
- | 2 3| = - | - 1|
- | 3 3| = - | - 0|
- | 4 3| = - | 1 |
- | 5 3| = - | 2 |

f(x)
-3
-2
-1
0
-1
-2

(0, - 3)
(1, - 2)
(2, - 1)
(3, 0)
(4, - 1)
(5, - 2)

Lets graph f(x) = - | x 3|

(0, - 3)
(1, - 2)
(2, - 1)
(3, 0)
(4, - 1)
(5, - 2)

Piecewise Functions

Graphing different functions over different


parts of the graph.
One part tells you what to graph, then where
to graph it.
What to graph
Where to graph

3x 2 x 2
f ( x)
x 3 x 2

Piecewise Functions

2 is where the graph changes.

3x 2 x 2
f
(
x
)

Less then 2uses 3x + 2


x 3 x 2
Greater then 2 uses x - 3

We can and should put in a few x into the


function
If f(0) we use 3x + 2,
then 3(0) + 2 = 2
If f(3) we use x 3,
then (3) 3 = 0
The input tell us what
function to use.

3x 2 x 2
f ( x)
x 3 x 2

Piecewise Functions

So put in an x where the domain changes


and one point higher
and lower
(2, 8)

(2, -1)

Thank You

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