This document discusses the proper use of conjunctions "although", "in spite of", and "despite" when connecting two clauses. It explains that "although" is followed by a subject and verb, while "in spite of" and "despite" are followed by a noun, pronoun, or "-ing" form of a verb. Some key differences are highlighted, such as using "in spite of" but "despite" without "of". Examples are provided to illustrate the meanings and proper structures for each conjunction.
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Spite of and Despite
This document discusses the proper use of conjunctions "although", "in spite of", and "despite" when connecting two clauses. It explains that "although" is followed by a subject and verb, while "in spite of" and "despite" are followed by a noun, pronoun, or "-ing" form of a verb. Some key differences are highlighted, such as using "in spite of" but "despite" without "of". Examples are provided to illustrate the meanings and proper structures for each conjunction.
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Although / in spite of / despite
After although we use a subject + verb:
Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday. I didn't get the job although I had all the necessary qualifications. Compare the meaning of although and because: We went out although it was raining. We didn't go out because it was raining. After in spite of or despite, we use a noun, a pronoun (this/that/what etc.) or -ing: In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday. I didn't get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualifications. She wasn't well, but in spite of this she went to work. In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you. Despite is the same as in spite of. Note that we say 'in spite of, but despite (without 'of'): She wasn't well, but despite this she went to work, (not 'despite of this') You can say 'in spite of the fact (that)...' and 'despite the fact (that)...': I didnt get the job in spite of the fact that I had all the necessary qualifications I didnt get the job despite the fact (that) I had all the necessary qualifications. Compare in spite of and because of: We went out in spite of the rain, (or ...despite the rain.) We didn't go out because of the rain. Compare although and in spite of / despite: Although the traffic was bad. I arrived on time. (not in spite of the traffic was bad) In spite of the traffic, I arrived on time. (not in spite of the traffic was bad) I couldnt sleep although I was very tired (not despite I was tired) I couldnt sleep despite being very tired (not despite I was tired)