UNIT II

FOURIER TRANSFORMS
PART A
If the Fourier transform of f x is F s then, what is Fourier transform of

Problem 1

f ax ?
Solution:
Fourier transform of f x is
1
F s F f x
2
1
F f ax
2
Put t ax
dt adx
1
F f ax
2
1 1
.
a 2

f x e

is x

dx

f ax e

is x

dx

f t e

is t / a

dt
a

f t e

is t / a

dt

1 s
F f ax .F .
a a
Problem 2 Find the Fourier sine transform of e3x .
Solution:

2
Fs f x
f x sin sx dx
0

Fs e3 x

3 x

sin sx dx

2 e

3sin sx s cos x
2
s 9
0

2 s
e ax
ax

e
sin
bx
dx

a sin bx b cos bx .
2

2
2
s 9
a b

3 x

Problem 3

Find the Fourier sine transform of f x e ax , a 0 .

x sin x

dx e .
2
1 x
2
0
Solution:

2
Fs f x
f x sin sx dx
0

Fs e ax

ax

sin sx dx

2 s
s 2 a 2
By inverse Sine transform, we get

2
f x
Fs s sin sx ds
0

2
2 s

sin sx ds

0 s2 a2

Hence deduce that

2 s sin sx
f x 2
ds
0 s a2

s sin sx
f x 2
ds
2
s a2
0

ax s sin sx
e 2
ds
2
2
s

a
0
Put a 1, x
s sin sx
e 2
ds
2
s 1
0
Replace s by x

s sin sx

0 1 x 2 dx 2 e .
1
Problem 4 Prove that FC f x cos ax FC s a FC s a .
2
Solution:

2
Fc s Fc f x
f x cos sx dx
0

Fc f x cos ax

f x cos ax cos sx dx
0

cos a s x cos a s x
f
x

dx
0
2

1 2

2
f x cos s a xdx
f x cos s a xdx

0
2 0

1
Fc s a Fc s a .
2

cos x, 0 x a
Problem 5 Find the Fourier cosine transform of f x
.
xa
0,
Solution:

a
2
2
Fc f x
f
x
cos
sx
dx

cos x cos sxdx

0
0
a
2 cos s 1 x cos s 1 x

dx
0
2

1 sin s 1 x sin s 1 x

s 1 0
2 s 1
1 sin s 1 a sin s 1 a

, provided S 1, S 1.
s 1
s 1
2
a

Problem 6 Find FC xe ax and FS xe ax .

Solution:
Fc xe ax

d
Fs f x
ds
d
Fc xe ax Fs e ax
ds

d 2 ax

e sin sx dx

ds 0

d 2
s
2 a2 s2

ds s 2 a 2
s 2 a 2 2

d
d

Fs xe ax Fc e ax Fs xf x
Fc f x
ds
ds

d 2 ax

e cos sx dx

ds 0

d 2
a
2 2as

ds s 2 a 2
s 2 a 2 2

Problem 7 If F s is the Fourier transform of f x , then prove that the Fourier transform of

eax f x is F s a .
Solution:
1
F s F f x
2
F eiax f x

1
2

f x e

dx

is x

iax

f x eis x dx

1
ei a s x f x dx

2
F s a.

Problem 8 Find the Fourier cosine transform of e2 x 3e x .

Solution:
Let f x e2 x 3e x

Fc f x

2
f x cos sx dx
0

2 2 x
x
Fc e 3e
e cos sx dx 3e cos sx dx
0
0

2 2
3

2 .
2

s 4 s 1
2 x

Problem 9 State convolution theorem.

Solution:
If F(s) and G(s) are Fourier transform of f x and g x respectively, Then the Fourier
transform of the convolutions of f x and g x is the product of their Fourier transforms.
i.e. F f x * g x F f x F g x
Problem 10 Derive the relation between Fourier transform and Laplace transform.
Solution:
e xt g t , t 0
Consider f t
1
0
,
t

The Fourier transform of f x is given by

1
F f t
2
1

xt

f t e

g t eis t dt

is t

dt

1
2

is x t

pt

g t dt

g t dt where p x is

1
L g t L f t e st f t dt
2

1
Laplace transform of g(t) where g(t) is defined by (1).
2

Fourier transform of f t

Problem 11 Find the Fourier sine transform of

1
.
x

Solution:

2
Fs f x
f x sin sx dx
0

2 1
1
Fs
sin sx dx
0 x
x
Let sx
sdx d ; : 0

2 s
d
1
Fs
sin

0
s
x

sin
2 sin

0
2
0
2

.

2
2

Problem 12 Find f x if its sine transform is e as , a 0 .

Solution:
Fs f x F s
Given that Fs f x e as

f x

2
Fs s sin x dx
0

2 as
e sin sx ds
0

e as

2 2 a sin sx x cos sx
a s
0

2 x
.
a 2 x 2

Problem 13 Using Parsevals Theorem find the value of

transform of e a x , a 0 .
Solution:

f x

Parsevals identify is

dx

Result : Fs e ax

s
s 2 a 2

F s

ds

x2

x2 a2

dx, a 0 . Find the Fourier

e
ax

2 e

ax 2

2
s
dx
ds
s 2 a 2

2
s
dx 2
ds
2
s a 2
0

e 2 ax
2
s2
ds

2
2 a 0 0 s 2 a 2

i.e.,
0

s2
2

2 2

2 2

ds

dx

0 1
.

2 2a 4a

.
4a

1, 0 x 1
Problem 14 Find the Fourier sine transform of f x
.
x 1
0,
Solution:

2
The Fourier sine transform of f x is given by Fs f x
f x sin sx dx
0
1
1

2
2 cos sx

sin sx dx 0 sin sx dx
0
s 0
1

2 cos s 1
2 1 cos s

s
s
s
s

Problem 15 Find the Fourier transform of e-a|x|, a > 0

Solution:

1
F f x
f x eis x dx

2
1
2

1
2

1
2

2
2

F e

a x

a x

a x

a x

eis x dx

cos sx i sin sx dx
cos sx dx

a x

a x

e sin sx dx 0, odd function

cos sx dx

2 a
2 2 .
2 a s

PART- B
1, x 1
Problem 16 (i) Express the function f x
as a Fourier integral. Hence evaluate
0, x 1

sin cos x
sin
d .
d and find the value of
0

 0, x 0
1

(ii) Find the Fourier integral of the function f x , x 0 verify the representation
2 x
e , x 0
directly at the point x 0 .

Solution:
(i) The Fourier Integral formula for f x is
1
f x

f t cos t x dt d
0

1 for t 1
Given f t
0 for t 1
1
1

1
f x 0 cos t x dt d cos t x dt d 0 cos t x dt d
0
1
1

1 sin t x

d
0

1
1

1 sin 1 x sin 1 x
d
0

1 sin 1 x sin 1 x
d
0

2 sin cos x
f x
d
0

2sin A cos B sin( A B) Sin( A B)

sin cos x
f x
d
1
2

0
Deduction part:
When x 0

2 sin
f 0 1, 1
d (from 1)
0

sin
d / 2.

(ii) The Fourier integral of f x is

f x

f t cos t x dt d
0

1
f x 0 dt e t cos t x dt d
0
0

1
e t cos t x dt d
0 0

1
e t cos t x dt d
00

1 et
2 cos t x sin t x dt d
0 1
0

1 cos x sin x
f x
d 1
0
2 1
Putting x 0 in (1)

1 d
f 0 2
0 1

1
tan 1
0

1
tan 1 tan1 0

0 f 0
2

2
1
f 0
2
1
f 0 .
2
The value of the given function at x 0 is
Hence verified.

2 2 cos x
d .
Problem 17 (i) Using Fourier integral, prove that e cos x

0
4 4

sin x, 0 x
sin sin x
(ii) Using Fourier integral prove that
.
d 2
2
1

0,
x

Solution:
(i) The Fourier cosine integral of f x is
x

2
f x cos x f t cos t dt d
0
0

2
cos

x
e cos t cos t dt d

0
0

2
t cos 1 t cos t t
cos x e
d
0
2

0

1
cos x e cos 1 t dt e t cos t t dt d
0
0
0

1
1
1
cos x

d
2
2
0
1 1 1 1

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1

d
cos

x
2
2
0
2 2 2 1

2 2 2
1
d
cos x 2
0
4

2 2

2
x
e cos x cos x 4
d (Proved).
0
4

(ii)

sin x, 0 x
Given f x 2
0
, x
Since the LHS in the given problem is in terms of sine, let as use Fourier sine integral
formula.
Fourier since integral of f x is

2
f x sin x f t sin t dt d
0
0

sin x sin t sin t dt d as f x sin x in 0 x

0
2
2
0

cos 1 t cos 1 t
2
sin x
dt d
2
2

sin 1 t sin 1 t
1
sin x

d
20
1

1
sin t cos t cos t sin t sin t cos t cos t sin t
sin x

d
20
1
1

1
sin sin
sin x

d
20
1
1

1 sin 1 sin
1
sin x

20
1 2

1
2sin
sin x
d
2
20
1

sin x sin
d
1 2
0

f x

sin x sin
sin x, 0 x
i.e.
d 2
.
2
1
0
0,
x0

Problem 18

(i) Using Fourier sine integral for

f x e ax , a 0 . Show that

sin x
d e ax
2
2
a
2
0

(ii)

Find

the

Fourier

transform

a x ,
f x
0,

of

sin t
that
dt .
t
2
0
Solution:
(i). Fourier sine integral of f t is
f x

2
sin x f t sin t dt d
0
0

Given f x e ax
f x

2
sin x e at sin t dt d

0
0

e at

2
sin x 2
a sin t cos t d
2
0
a
0

f x

2

sin x 2
d
2

0
a

sin x
f x 2
d .
2
a2
0

ax sin x
e 2
d .
2
a2
0

x a
.
x a

Hence

deduce

1
(ii) F f x
f x eis x dx

2
a
a

1
is x
f x
0
dx

x
e
dx

0 dx

2
a
a

a
1

a x cos sx i sin sx dx
2 a
a

a x cos sx dx 0

a sin sx & x sin sx are odd functions

1
2

2 a x cos sx dx
0

2
sin sx
cos sx
f x
a x s 1 s 2
2

cos sx 1
0 s 2 s 2
1 cos as
s 2

2 as
2sin 2

2
s

1
By inverse Fourier transform f x
2

2 as

2sin
1
2
2 e is x ds Put x 0

2 s

2 as
sin
2
2 ds
f 0
s 2

F s e

isx

ds .

as
sin 2
a
2 ds

4 0
s2
Put a 2
sin 2 s

ds
[ s is a dummy variable, we can replace it by t]
2 0 s 2

sin t
i.e
dt .
t
2
0
2

(i) Prove that e

Problem 19

x2
2

is self reciprocal with respect to Fourier transform.

sin s
1, x a
(ii) Find the Fourier transform of f x
. Hence evaluate
ds .
s
0, x a
0

Solution:
(i) f x e x

/2

F s F f x

F s F f x

1
2

2
1

x 2 / 2 is x

1
f x eis x dx
2

dx

is x

i2 s2 i2 s 2

2
2

x2 / 2

dx

x is 2
2

s2
2

dx

Let
dx 2dy

x y

x y

1
2

F s

x is
2

y2

es

/2

2 dy

2e s / 2 y 2

e dy
0
2

2e s / 2 y 2
2e s / 2

e dy

2
0

F s e s

/2

i.e. e x

/2

x2

e dx

2
0

is self reciprocal hence proved.

(ii). Fourier transform of f x is

F f x

1
f x eis x dx
2

1
eis x dx
2 a

1
cos sx i sin sx dx
2 a

1
cos sx dx
2 0

cos sx dx

2 sin sx
s 0

F s

2 sin as
s

sin sx is an odd

fn.

By inverse Fourier transforms,

1
2

f x
1
2

F s e

is x

dx

2 sin as
cos sx i sin sx dx
s

1 sin as
s cos sx dx 0

2 sin as
cos sx ds
0 s

sin as

s sin sx is odd

put a 1, x 0

2 sin s
f x
ds
0 s

sin s
1
ds f x 1, a x a
2
s
0

sin s

ds .
s
2
0

Problem 20 (i) Using Fourier integral formula prove that

e

ax

bx

2 b2 a2

sin x
d , a, b 0 .
a 2 2 b 2

(ii) State and Prove convolution theorem on Fourier transforms.

Solution:

f x e ax e bx

(i) Given

f t e at e bt

By Fourier sine integral of f x ,

2
f x sin x f t sin t.dt d
0
0

f x

at bt

2
sin

x
e

e
sin

t
dt

0
0

at

2
sin x e sin t dt e b t sin t dt d by 1
0
0
0

2


sin x 2
2
d
2

0
b 2
a


2 b 2 2 a 2
2
d
sin x 2
2
2
2
0
a b
2
2

2 sin x . b a
d
2
0 a 2 2 b 2

2 b2 a 2

i.e. e ax e bx

i.e. e

ax

bx

sin x .
d
a 2 2 b 2

2 b2 a 2

sin x
d
a 2 2 b 2

(ii) State and Prove convolution theorem on Fourier transforms

Statement: The Fourier transforms of the convolution of f x and g x is the product of their
Fourier transforms.
F f x * g x F f x F g x
Proof:

1
F f *g
2
1

2
1

1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2

1
2

f * g x e

is x

dx

f t g x t dt

eis x dx

f t

1
2

f t

1
is x
g x t e dx dt
2

g x te

is x

dx dt

f t F g x t dt

f t e

is t

F g t dt

f g x t eis t F g t

is t

dt G s

F g t G s

f t e

F f * g F s .G s .

F f t F s .

cos x
Problem 21 (i) Using Fourier Integral prove that
d e x , x 0 .
2
1
2
0
a 2 x 2 ,
(ii). Find the Fourier transform of f x
0,

sin t t cos t
(i)
dt
t3

x a
x a

and hence evaluate

sin t t cos t
(ii)
dt
t3

0
2

e . Therefore f t e t
2
2

2
The Fourier cosine integral of f x is f x cos x f t cos t dt d
0
0
(i) Given f x

cos x e t cos t dt d
0
2
0

et

2
cos x 2
cos t sin t d
2
20
1
0

1
cos x 2
d
1
0

x cos x
e 2
d .
2
1
0

(ii). Fourier transform of f x is

F f x

1
2

f x .e

is x

dx

1
2
2
is x

0 a x e dx 0
2 a

1
2
2

a x cos sx i sin x dx
2 a

a
2

a 2 x 2 cos sx dx a 2 x 2 sin sx is an odd fn.

2 0
a

2 2
sin sx
cos sx
sin sx

a x2

2 x
2

2
3

s
s

s
0
2a cos as 2a sin as

s2
s3
2 2a cos as 2sin as

s3

2 sin as as cos as

s3
By inverse Fourier transforms,

1
f x
F s e is x dx

2
F s 2

2 sin as as cos as
cos sx i sin sx ds

s3

2 sin as as cos as
f x
cos sx dx
( the second terms is on odd function )

s3
Put a 1

1 x 2 , x 1
2
sin s s cos s
f x 2
cos sx ds
f x

s3
, x 1

0
Put x 0

f 0 1 0
4 sin s s cos s
f 0
ds

0
s3
1

4 sin s s cos s
1
ds
0
s3
1
2

sin t cos t
dt.
4 0
t3
Hence (i) is proved. Using Parsevals identify

F s ds
2

f x

dx

a
2 sin as as cos as
2
2
ds a x dx
3
2
s

8 sin s s cos s
2 2
ds 1 x dx
3

s

1
2

8 sin s s cos s
2

ds 2 1 x dx
3

0
s

0
2

16 sin s s cos s
x5 2 x3
ds

2
x

0
s3
4
3 0

sin s s cos s
8
ds 2
3
0
s
16 15 15

Put a 1
Put s = t
2

sin t t cos t
dt . Hence (ii) is proved.
0 t 3
15

, 0 x

sin xd 2

0,
x
x 1
and hence find the value of
x 1

1 cos
Problem 22 (i) Using Fourier Integral prove that

1 x ,
(ii) Find the Fourier transform of f x
0,

sin 2 t
sin 4 t
(i) 2 dt .
(ii) 4 dt .
t
t
0
0

Solution:
(i)

f x 2
0

0 x

0t

f t 2
0
t
Fourier sine integral of f x is

2
f x sin x sin t dt d
0
0
2

sin x sin t dt d
0
2
0

sin x sin t dt d

cos t
sin x
d
0
0

1 cos
Hence sin x
sin x 2

0
0
0

(ii) The Fourier transform of f x

1
2

in 0 x
in

f x e

is

dx

from 1

1 x cos sx i sin sx dx

1
1

1 x cos sx dx 1 x sin sx is an odd fn.

1
2

2
sin sx
cos sx

1 x
1 2
2
s
s 0
2 cos s 1

2 2
s
2 s
2 1 cos s
F s
1
s 2
(i)
By inverse Fourier transform

1
f x
F s e isx ds

2 1 cos s
cos ssx i sin sx by 1
s 2

1 1 cos s

cos sx ds ( Second term is odd)
s 2

2 1 cos s
f x
cos sx ds
0 s 2
Putx 0

1 0

2 1 cos s
ds
0 s 2

1 cos s

ds
2
s
2

2sin 2 s / 2

ds
2
s
2
0
put t s / 2
ds 2dt

2sin 2 t

2t

2dt

sin 2 t

0 t 2 dt 2 .

(ii)

Using Parsevals identity.

F s ds
2

f x

dx

1
2 1 cos s
2
ds

s 2
1 1 x dx

2
2 1 cos s

ds 1 x dx
2

4 1 cos s
2

ds 2 1 x dx
2

0 s

0
2

2 s
1
2sin

1 x 3
4
2

ds 2

0
s2

3 0

2 s
sin

16
2 ds 2 ; Let t s / 2, dt ds

0 s 2
3
2

16 sin t
2

2 dt

0 2t
3

16 sin t
1

dt

16 0 t
3

sin t
0 t dt 3 .
4

Problem 23
(i) Find the Fourier sine transform of e x . Hence prove that

x sin x
0 1 x 2 dx 2 e , 0 .
(ii)Find

the

Fourier

sine

transform

of

e ax a 0 .Hence

e ax
(b) FS
.
x
Solution:

2
(i) Fs f x
f x sin sx dx
0

Fs e

2 x
e sin sx dx
0

2 x
2 s

e sin sx dx

sin sx dx

0
1 s2

b
a b2
0
By Fourier sine inversion formula, we have

2
f x
Fs s sin sx ds
0

Result: e ax sin bxdx

e x

2
2 s

sin sx ds

0 1 s2

2 s sin sx
2
ds
0 s 1

s sin sx

ds e x
2
s 1
2

put x a

s sin sa

ds e a
2
1 s
2
0
Replace S by x

x sin ax

dx e a .
2
1 x
2

2
(ii) . Fs f x
f x sin sx dx
0
Fs e ax

2 ax
e sin sx dx
0

find

(a) FC xe ax

and


2 e ax
2 s
2 2 a sin sx s cos sx

a s
a2 s2

By Property

....... 1

d
Fs x f x Fc f x
ds
d
Fs x f x Fs f x
ds
(a) To Find Fc x e ax
d
Fs e ax
ds
d 2 s

ds s 2 a 2

2 a 2 s 2 2s 2

a 2 s 2 2

Fc x e ax

2 a2 s2
Fc x. f x
a 2 s 2 2

ax
e
(b) To find Fs

Fs f x

2 e at
sin st dt
0 t

2 e at
F s

sin st dt
0 t
Diff. on both sides w.r to s we get

ax
d
d 2 e at
a
F s
sin
st
dt

e
cos
bx
dx

ds
ds 0 t
b2 a2
0

2 e at
sin st dt

0 s t

2 te at cos st

dt
0
t

2 at
e cos st dt
0

d
2 at
2 a
F s
e cos st dt

ds
0
s2 a2
Integrating w.r. to s we get
2
a
F s
ds c
2

s a2
2 1
s

a. tan 1 c
a
a
But F s 0 When s 0 c 0 from (1)
F s

2
s
tan 1 .

Problem 24 (i) Find the Fourier transform of e

with respect to Fourier Transforms.

a2 x2

Hence prove that e

(ii) Find the Fourier cosine transform of x n 1 . Hence deduce that

1
.
under cosine transform. Also find F
x

Solution:

1
is x
(i) F f x
f x e dx
2

e a x eis dx

2 2

1
2

a 2 x 2 is x

dx

a 2 x 2 is x
1
e
dx
1

2
Consider a 2 x 2 isx
is is 2 is 2
2
ax 2 ax

2 a 2 a 2a

is
s2

ax 2
2a 4a

Sub: (2) in (1) ,We get

1
F f x
2
s2

s2

is s 2
ax 2
2
a 4 a

dx

is 2

ax
1 4 a2

e
e 2 a dx

2 dt
1 4 a2

e
et

2
a

F e

Let t ax

t 2

e dt

s2

a2 x2

1
a 2

1 e 4 a2
a 2

s2

is
, dt adx
2a

4 a2

1
in 3
2
2
2
F e x / 2 e S / 2

Put a

e S / 2 is self reciprocal with respect to Fourier Transforms.

2
(ii). Fc f x
f x cos sx dx
0
2

Fc x n 1

2 n 1
x cos sx dx
0

We know that n e y y n 1dy

0

Put y ax, we get e ax ax

0

n 1

adx n

x2
2

is self reciprocal

1
is self-reciprocal
x

ax

x n 1dx

n
an

Put a = is

e is x x n 1dx
0

is

cos sx i sin sx x

n 1

dx

n
s

in

cos i sin
n
s
2
2
n
n
n
n cos
i sin
s
2
2
Equating real parts, we get

n
n
n 1
0 x cos sxdx s n cos 2
Using this in (1) we get
2 n
n
Fc x n 1
cos
n
s
2
1
Put n
2
1

2 2

1
Fc
cos

4
s
x
n

2 1

s 2
2

s
1
Hence
is self-reciprocal under Fourier cosine transform
x
1
To find F

1x1

1
1
is x
F
e
dx

2
x
x

1
1

cos sx is insx dx

2 x

2
1
cos sx dx The sec ond term odd

2 0 x
Put n =1/2 in (2), we get

cos sx
1/ 2

dx
cos
4
x
s
0

s 2
2s
1
2

1
F

2s
s
x

e as
.
s
(ii) Using Parsevals Identify for Fourier cosine and sine transforms of e ax , evaluate

1
x2
(a).
dx
(b).
0 x 2 a 2 2 dx
2
2 2
0 a x

(i) Find f x if its Fourier sine Transform is

Problem 25

Solution:
e as
s
as
2 e
Then f x
sin sx dx
0 s
(i) Let Fs f x

df
2 as
2
a

e cos sx ds
2

dx
0
a x2

2
dx
a 2
a x2
2
x

tan 1 c
2

a
At x 0, f 0 0 using (1)
F x

2
tan 1 0 c c 0

2
x
Hence f x
tan 1 .

a
(2) => f 0

(ii) (a)To find

Fc e

x2

ax

dx

2 ax

e cos sx dx
0

e ax

2 2 a cos sx s sin sx
a s
0

2 a
a 2 s 2
By Passevals identify.
Fc e ax

f x

dx Fc s ds
2

2
a
2 ax
0 e dx 0 a 2 s 2 ds, from (1)

e2 ax
2 2
ds

a
2 a
2

0 0 a2 s2

1 2a 2
ds

2a
0 a s2

i.e

x2
2

2 2

(b) To find

4a 3

R e place ' s ' by x

x2

2
2
0 a x

dx

Fs e ax
2

2 ax
e sin sx dx
0

e ax

2 2 a sin sx s cos sx
a s
0

2 s
a 2 s 2
By parsevals identify
Fs e ax

f x dx Fs f x ds
2

ax
e dx
2

2 s
ds
0 a 2 s 2

s
e 2 ax
1
i.e 2 2 ds

2 2 a 0 2 2 a
0 a s

x2

x2 a

dx

2 2

4a

Re place ' s ' by ' x ' .

(i). Find the Fourier cosine transform of e ax cos ax

1
x2
(ii). Evaluate (a). 2
dx
(b).
0 x 2 a 2 x2 b2 dx , using Fourier cosine and
2
0 x 1 x 4

Problem 26

sine transform.
Solution:

(i) Fc f x

Fc e

ax

2
f x cos sx dx
0

2 e ax cos sx dx
0

2 a
s 2 a 2
By Modulation Theorem,
1
Fc f x cos ax Fc a s Fc a s
2

1 2
a
a
Fc e ax cos ax

2 a 2 a s 2 a 2 a s 2

2
2
2
2
1
2
a a s a a s

a
.
2
2
2
2
2

a a s a a s
a 4a 2 2 s 2

4
4
2 s 4a
Fc s

2a 2 s 2
s 4 4a 4 .

x
(ii) (a) Let f x e and g x e 2 x
Fc e ax cos ax

Fc e x

2a
2

2 x
e cos sx dx
0

2 e x

2 cos x s sin sx
s 1
0

1
s 2 1

Fc e2 x
2

2 2 x
e cos sx dx
0

2
2

s 4

f x g x dx Fc f x Fc g x ds
0

x 2 x

dx

3 x
e dx
0

2 1
1
ds from 1 & 2
2 . 2

0 s 1 s 4

4
ds
ds

2
0 s 1 s 2 4

ds
e 3 x
1
0 s 2 1 s 2 4 4 3 4 3
0

ds

.
2
1 s 4 12

(b) To find

x2

a 2 x 2 b 2

dx.

Let
f x e ax , g x ebx

2 ax
2 s
Fs g x
e sin sx

0
s2 a2
Fs g x

2 bx
2 s
e sin sx

0
s 2 b2

1
2

f x g x dx Fs f x .Fs g x ds From (1) and(2)

2
s2
0 e e dx 0 s 2 a 2 s 2 b2 ds
ax bx

s2

a 2 s 2 b 2

i.e

x
0

x2

ds

a 2 x 2 b 2

a b x
e
dx
2 0

e a b x

dx
.

2 a b 0 2 a b

1, 0 s 1

Problem 27 (i). Solve for f x from the integral equation f x sin sxdx 2, 1 s 2 .
0
0,
s2

1,
(ii). If the Fourier transform of f x , defined by f x
0,

x
Find F f x 1 cos
.
a

Solution:

2
(i) Fs f x
f x sin sx dx
0

x a
2 sin as
is
.
x a
s

1 for 0 s 1

Fs f x 2 for 1 s 2
2
0 for
s2

By invese Fourier sine transform ,

2
f x
Fs f x sin sx ds
0

1
2

2
2
sin
sx
dx

2sin
sx

0.sin sx ds

0 0
1
2

1
2
2 cos sx 2 cos sx



x 0
x
1
2 cos x 1 2 cos 2 x 2 cos x

x
x
x
x
2 cos x 1 2 cos 2 x

2
f x
1 cos x 2 cos 2 x .
x
2 sin as
(ii). Given F f x
1
s
From Modulation Theorem
1
F f x cos ax f s a f s a where F f x f s
2

Let a
a
x 1

F f x cos F s F s
a 2
a
a

sin a s sin a s

1
2
2 sin as
a
a

F s

2

s

s
s

a
a
1 a
a

sin as cos cos as sin

sin as cos cos as sin

as
2 as

1 a
a

sin as
sin as

as
2 as

2
2
1 a s sin as a sin as a s sin as a sin as

2 a 2 s 2
2

2a 2 s sin as

2 2 a 2 s 2

x
2 a 2 s sin as

F f x cos
a
2 a 2 s 2

x
x

F f x 1 cos
F f x F f x cos
a
a

2
2 sin as
2 a sin as

s
2 a2s2
1
2
a2 s

sin as 2
2 2

s a s

 2 a2 s2 a2 s2
2

sin as
2
2 2

s a s

2 sin as 2

2
2 2
s a s

2
2 sin as. 2

.
s 2 a 2 s 2
2
a x

Problem 28 (i). Find Fourier transform of e

and hence deduce that

cos xt
a x
2
2as
(a). 2 2 dt
e
(b). F xe a x i
.
2
a t
2a
s a 2 2
0
(ii) . Find Fourier cosine transform of e ax sin ax .
Solution;
(i) Fourier transform of f x is
F f x

1
2
1
2

1
2

f x e

is x

dx

e cos sx i sin sx dx
a x

a x

e a x sin sx is odd fn.

cos sx dx

2 2 a 2 F s

2 a s
(a) Using Fourier inverse transform,
F e

a x

1
2

e a x

F s e

isx

ds

2 a
cos sx i sin sx ds
a 2 s 2

a cos sx
sin sx

2 2 ds 0
2
is an odd fn.
2

a s
s a

2a cos xt

a 2 t 2 dt Re place ' s ' by ' t '

1
2

a x cos xt
e
2 2 dt .
2a
a t

(b) . Find Fourier cosine transform of eax sin ax .

2
2as
a x
To prove F xe i
s 2 a 2 2

Property:
n
n d F
F x n f x i
ds n
dF s
F x f x i
ds

F xe

a x

i dF e
ds

a x

d 2
a

2
ds a s 2

2 2 s
2
2as
i
.
2
2
2
2
a s
a s 2 2

(ii) Find the Fourier cosine transform of eax sin ax .

2
Fc f x
f x cos sx dx
0
ia

2 ax
e sin ax cos sx dx
0

Fc e ax sin ax

2 1 ax

e sin s a x sin s a x dx
2 0
1

1
2

1
2

ax
sa
sa
b
2
2
e sin bx dx 2

2
2
a b2
0
a s a a s a
a 2 s a 2 s a s a a 2 s a 2

2
2
2
2
a s a a s a

2a 2 s s 3 2as 2 2a 3 as 2 2a 2 s 2 s 2 s 3 2as 2 2a3 s 2 a 2 sa 2

4a 4 2a 2 s 3 4a 3 s 2a 2 s 2 s 4 2as 3 4a 3 s 2as 2 4a 2 s 2

2
2
2 2a 3 as 2
2 a 2a s

4 4
4a 4 s 4
2 4a s

Problem 29 (i). State and Prove Parsevals Identity in Fourier Transform.

(ii). Find Fourier cosine transform of e x

Solution:
(i) Parsevals identity:

Statement: If F s is the Fourier transform of f x , then

Pr oof by convolution theorem F f * g F s G s

f * g F 1 F s G s

1
2

1
2

f t g x t dt

F s G s e

is x

ds 1

Put x 0 and g t f t , then it follows that G s F s

1 becomes

f t f t dt

i.e. f t dt

i.e. f t dx

F s F s ds

F s ds

F s ds

(ii)

2
Fc f x
f x cos sx dx
0

f x dx F s
2

2
2 x2
Fc e x
e cos sx dx

2
2 1

e x cos sx dx
2

1
2

x
e cos sx dx
2

x
e

RP of e isx dx

1
2

= R.P of

1
2

= R.P of

x
is x
e e dx
2

x
e

is x

dx

1
2

= R.P of

= R.P of e s
= R.P of e s

x
e

is x

1
2

/4

dx

s2
4

x 2 isx s 2 / 4

x is / 2

1
2

/4

s
4

dx

dx

x is
t dx dt
2
When t
y
t
y

Put

e s / 4
Fc f x R.P of
2
2

R.P.of

Fc e

e s

s2 / 4

t
e dt
2

t 2

e dt

/4

2
x2

e s

Problem 30

/4

sin ax
(i). Find the Fourier transform of
and hence prove that
x

(ii). Find f x , if the Fourier transform of F s is

Solution:
(i) F f x

1
2

f x e

is x

dx

1
sin ax
sin ax is x
F

e dx

2 x
x

1
sin ax

cos sx sin x dx

2 x

2sin 3 s 2

s 2

sin 2 ax
x 2 dx 4a .

 sin ax
F
2
x

2 sin a s x sin a s x
2

dx

2 2 if a s 0 & a s 0

x
x

if a s 0 & a s 0 or a s 0 & a s 0
By Parsevals identity

f x

dx

F s

ds

sin 2 ax
x 2 dx a

2 ds 2 s a 2 a a 4 a
2

sin 2 ax
dx 4 a.
x2

i.e.

2 sin 3s
(ii) Let us find F 1

2sin 3s is x
2sin 3s 1
F 1

e ds

s 2 s

1
2sin 3s
1 2sin 3s cos sx
ds
cos sx i sin sx ds

2 s
0
s
(By the property of odd and even function)

1 sin 3 x s sin 3 x

ds
0
s
s

sin 3 x s
1 sin 3 x s

ds
ds
0
s
s
0

2 2 if 3 x 0 & 3 x 0

if 3 x 0 & 3 x 0 or

3 x 0&3 x 0

sin mx

dx or according as m >0 or m < 0 .

2
2
0 x

1 if 3 x 3

x 3 or x 3
0 if
1 if x 3

x 3
1
0 if
By the shitting property, F eiax f x F s a

eiax f x F 1 F s a

2sin 3 s 2 i 2 1 2sin 3s
Thus F 1
e F

s 2
s

1 if x 3
e i 2
0 if x 3
ei 2 x if x 3
i 2
e
if x 3
0