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Macromolchart

This document provides a chart summarizing macromolecules. The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides and include starches, glycogen and cellulose. Lipids are made of fatty acids and glycerol, and include fats, oils, waxes and phospholipids. Proteins consist of amino acids and have roles as enzymes, muscles, skin and hormones. Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA contain nucleotides and store and transmit genetic information.

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316 views1 page

Macromolchart

This document provides a chart summarizing macromolecules. The four main types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are made of monosaccharides and include starches, glycogen and cellulose. Lipids are made of fatty acids and glycerol, and include fats, oils, waxes and phospholipids. Proteins consist of amino acids and have roles as enzymes, muscles, skin and hormones. Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA contain nucleotides and store and transmit genetic information.

Uploaded by

api-259727482
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Macromolecules Chart

Macromole Functional
cule
Groups, Basic
(polymer)
Formula

Monomer

Subgroups

Examples

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharide

Monosaccharidessimple sugars
Disaccharides-double
sugars
Polysaccharides-many
sugars

Glucose,fructose, Energy
galactose
Sucrose

Lipids

C:H:O
1:2:1

CHO
Greater than 2:1
H:O ratio
(carboxyl group)

Fatty acid
and
glycerol

Saturated (all single


bonds)
Monounsaturated (one
double bond)

Soft margarine

Polyunsaturated (two
or more double bonds)

Olive oil

Phospholipids
(phosphate replaces a
FA)

Proteins

CHON
-NH2 + -COOH +
group

Amino
acids

CHONP
-5-C ribose,
phosphate,
nitrogenous
base

Nucleotide
(5-C ribose
sugar,
phosphate,
nitrogenou
s base)

Store
energy
structure
High calorie
foods,
energy
storage

Cell membrane

Protect cell

Steroids (4 fused rings)

Cholesterol
Testosterone
Progesterone

Chemical
messengers

Waxes ( OH replaces
a FA)
Dipeptide (2 amino
acids)

Beeswax
(paraffin)
Enzymes
Muscles
Skin
Some hormones

Repel water
(leaves)
Storage
Signal
Structural
Contractile
Defensive
Enzyme
Transport
Receptor
Genetic
information

Polypeptide (many AA)

Nucleic
acids

Starch-plants
Glycogenanimals
Cellulose-plants
Chitin-insects
Butter

Uses

DNA
RNA

Stores and
transmits genetic
information

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