Short Stories 2009-10

Language Arts
Professional Development for Teachers

Learning English through Short Stories
EDB Language Arts Electives
Learning English through

Short Stories
HANDOUT BOOKLET
Language Arts
This handbook provides all the materials used in the training workshops as well
as many suggestions and additional resources to use with your students.
Contents
Introduction to the Module
Relationship of Compulsory and Elective Parts
Aims, Objectives, Content and Assessing of the Short Story Module
Page 3
Page 6
Practical demonstrations
Openings
Collaborative story building
Page 13
Page 18
Teaching / Learning activities
Page 22
1 Characterisation
2 Helping students to read, understand and enjoy short stories
3 The Element of Setting
4 The Element of Dialogue
5 Storytelling
6 Stories with a Twist : Fractured Fairy Tales
Page 23
Page 32
Page 41
Page 50
Page 57
Page 64
Noticing activities
Page 72
Resources for teaching short stories
Page 75
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Language Arts
Part 1:
Relationship of Compulsory and Elective Parts

Aims, Objectives, Content and Assessing of the Short Story
Module
By the end of Part 1, you will have:
Explored the relationship between the Compulsory and Elective parts of the New
Senior Secondary English Language Curriculum
Discussed the Short Story Module
Had practical experience of working in groups in various activities detailed below
ACTIVITY 1: The Proposed Changes to the NSS English Language Curriculum.

In your groups turn over the ten strips one by one and discuss the statements about the
proposed changes to the New Senior Secondary English Language Curriculum and
decide which ones are true.
ACTIVITY 2: Aims, Objectives, Content and Assessing the Short Story Module
You will complete different tasks with other Workshop Participants to help you gather and
process information about each aspect of the Short Story Module.
.
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The Proposed Changes to the NSS English Language Curriculum

Read the following statements and
decide if they are true or false
Fals
True
1.The Proposed New Senior Secondary English Language Curriculum

consists of two parts; the Compulsory Part and the Elective Part
2. Equal lesson time should be allocated to the two parts
3. Both the Compulsory and the Elective Parts include the learning of
English Language in the Interpersonal, Knowledge and Experience
strands.
4. The Compulsory Part focuses on language input (a) language forms
and function and b) vocabulary presented in a variety of text-types and
developing competence in the skills of Listening, Speaking, Reading and
Writing.
5. The modules in the Elective Part are categorised into two groups with
three modules each.
6. The Elective Part reinforces different aspects of English language
learning and should a) add variety to the English Language curriculum, b)
broaden learners learning experience and c) cater for learners diverse
needs and interests.
7. Students have to complete four of the proposed Elective modules two
from each group.
8. The Elective modules enhance the further development of nine generic
skills (collaboration skills, communication skills, creativity, critical thinking
skills, information technology skills, numeracy skills, problem-solving skills,
self-management skills and study skills).
9. The Proposed New Senior Secondary English Language Curriculum has
specific language development strategies such as: a) developing thinking
skills, b) developing reference skills, c) developing information skills, d)
developing enquiry skills, e) planning, managing and evaluating own
learning, f) selfmotivation and g) working with others.
10.The development of positive attitudes should be provided in all
learning tasks.
KEY to Activity 1 (True/False Activity about Proposed NSS English Language Curriculum)
1
The Proposed New Senior Secondary English Language Curriculum consists of two
parts; the Compulsory Part and the Elective Part.
(True)
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Equal lesson time should be allocated to the two parts.

(False)
(75% (about 305 hours) to the Compulsory Part and 25% (about 100 hours) to the
Elective Part.)
Both the Compulsory and the Elective Parts include the learning of English Language
in the Interpersonal, Knowledge and Experience strands, and they both have the
same learning objectives.
(True)
The Compulsory Part focuses on language input (a) language forms and function
and b) vocabulary presented in a variety of text-types and developing competence in
the skills of Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing.
(True)
The proposed modules in the Elective Part are categorised into two groups with three
modules each.
(False)
(True: There are two groups - Language Arts and Non-Language Arts but False as there are
four modules each. They are: a) Language Arts: Learning English through Drama /
Learning English through Short Stories / Learning English through Poems and Songs /
Learning English through Popular Culture b) Non-Language Arts: Learning English through
Sports Communication / Learning English through Debating / Learning English through
Social Issues / Learning English through Workplace Communication)
The Elective Part reinforces different aspects of English language learning and
should a) add variety to the English Language curriculum, b) broaden learners
learning experience and c) cater for learners diverse needs and interests. (True)
Students have to complete four of the proposed Elective modules two from each
group.
(False)
(Students have to complete only three in total but one from each group)
The Elective modules have to enhance the further development of nine generic skills
(collaboration skills, communication skills, creativity, critical thinking skills, information
technology skills, numeracy skills, problem-solving skills, self-management skills and
study skills).
(False)
(The English Language Education KLA provides greater opportunities for the development of
six of the generic skills - collaboration, communication, creativity, critical thinking,
problem-solving and study skills)
The Proposed New Senior Secondary English Language Curriculum has specific
language development strategies such as: a) developing thinking skills,
b) developing reference skills, c) developing information skills, d) developing
enquiry skills, e) planning, managing and evaluating own learning, f) selfmotivation and g) working with others.
(True)
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The development of positive attitudes should be provided in all learning tasks.

(It is an integral part of the curriculum)
(True)
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General Description of the Module: Learning English through Short Stories

This module introduces learners to the world of short stories, encouraging them to read,
write and tell them.
Learners will be engaged in different activities which aim to develop
a) their understanding of the major features of short stories,
b) their language skills
c) cultural awareness
d) critical thinking skills and
e) creativity.
At the end of the module learners will either

a) write their own story or
b) develop a given story outline.
Learning Targets of the Module

To develop learners ability to
a) understand the major features of short stories (e.g. openings/closings, character,
plot, twists)
b) respond and give expression to the imaginative ideas and feelings expressed in short
stories through oral, written and performative means.

c) understand how English works in short stories and apply this understanding to their
learning and use of the language.
Learning Objectives of the Module

a) To help learners to understand the concepts of narration, setting, character, theme
and symbol, as well as to consider ways to create mood, and write good story using
openings, closings and dialogue.
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b) To help learners to apply the concepts and techniques they have learned in their own
writing.
c) To enhance learners skills and interest in reading and appreciating short stories from
a wide variety of sources.

d) To help learners to talk about fiction in an informed way.
e) To introduce learners to storytelling as an art form.
Content of the Module

In Part 1, learners are introduced to the aims, design and content of the module. They will
learn to identify and understand the key features of a short story, and read short stories
with appreciation.
In Part 2, learners read and write specific aspects of a short story such as setting,
character, theme, dialogue, opening and closing. They will also start to write their own
story for the module by gathering ideas and producing drafts.
In Part 3, learners practise oral and story-telling skills by sharing a story of their own choice
with the class. They will finalise the draft for their module story and perform it to the class.
Time Allocation of the Module

It is recommended that approximately a total of 50 periods be allocated to the teaching of
this module. The suggested number of periods is based on the assumption that schools are
running 40-minute periods. The breakdown for the three parts can be as follows:
Part 1
____9_____ periods
Part 2
___21_____ periods
Part 3
___20_____ periods
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Assessment
Assessment in the Short Stories module will focus on learners demonstration of their ability
to:
a) understand concepts and techniques of short story writing
b) apply this understanding to create short examples
c) produce a written short story
d) comment helpfully on the work of others
e) tell or perform stories orally
f) read and comment on a number of short stories
A range of activities will be used for assessing learner performance, including

a) short pieces of writing
b) an end-of-course short story
c) oral performances
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Match the type of short story with the extracts

1. Horror Story
a) She waved her magic wand, and suddenly

the frog turned into a handsome prince.
2. Love Story
b) He woke to see a shadowy figure in medieval

clothes walking across the room. He went cold
and tried to call out, but could not speak
3. Detective Story
c) Darling! she whispered. Ive waited all my

life for you.
4. Ghost Story
d) The spaceship lowered itself onto this red,

powdery planet which appeared to have no
people, no animals and no oxygen but which
had a series of underground cities.
5. Fairy Story
e) The sheep was praising the wolf for his

compassion when a passing fox warned The
compassionate wolf is not what he appears.
6. Fable
f) Watson looked first at Holmes, and then at the

gun on the table. I know who did it, he said
calmly.
7. Science Fiction
g) They set off on their way at dawn. The caves

were not far away but the journey seemed long
by horseback.
8. Adventure Story
h) Slowly, he opened the door and looked inside

the room. The portrait on the wall had changed.
It was now a mass of tangled branches and
blood. He let out a loud scream and ran down
the stairs.
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Reflection:
1. What helped you to match the story types and the extracts?
2. Which story types might not be appropriate for use with your students? Why not?
3. Which vocabulary and language structures might to be central to students reading
comprehension of (and ability to write) each story type?
Story Type
Horror Story
Lexis
Structures
Adverbs of movement
Narrative tenses
Love Story
Detective Story
Ghost Story
Fairy Story
Fable
Science Fiction
Adventure Story
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Features of short stories Matching Activity

Opening
the first few sentences, which usually arouse curiosity, pull the reader
in and carry compressed information in short stories
Exposition
at the start of the story, the setting, situation and main characters up
to now are introduced (though not used as much in short stories as in
novels)
Characterisation
the process of creating and developing characters
Plot
a planned, logical series of events having a beginning, middle, and

end. The short story usually has one plot so it can be read in one
sitting
Dialogue
speech used for moving the story forward, though some dialogue can
be redundant
Narrative
describes a sequence of events.
Symbol
an enhancement tool to stress the theme of a story, e.g. a dog can

symbolise loyalty.
Complication
an event that introduces conflict.
Rising action
action that leads to a crisis.
Conflict
this is essential to a storyline Without conflict there is no plot. It is the

opposition of forces which ties one incident to another and makes the
plot move. Within a short story there may be only one central
struggle, or there may be one dominant struggle with many minor
ones.
Climax
the point of highest interest in terms of the conflict and the point of the
story with the most action
Falling action
when events and complications begin to resolve themselves.
Resolution
the point of the story when the conflict is resolved.
Twist
an unexpected final paragraph which shatters readers' perceptions.
Closing
the last paragraph of the story.
Moral
the message conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story e.g.

fairy stories often have a moral about distrusting people who appear
to be trustworthy
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NOTES:
The short story tends to be less complex than novels in structure, but its language tends
to be more compressed. This can be very challenging for learners.
The short story may have a climax, crisis, or turning-point
The short story only occasionally it has an exposition
Typically, it has an abrupt OPENING with the story starting in the middle of the action
CLOSINGS (endings) may also be abrupt, have a twist, & do not necessarily have a
moral or practical lesson.
These features will vary by author and by story
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Practical Demonstrations
The following pages provide copies of materials used in the practical demonstrations section.
The assumption is that you can adapt and use similar activities with your learners of different
levels of proficiency. We have also included some additional materials for your use.
By the end of the practical demonstration section you will have participated in activities
and staging:
To increase students awareness of effective story openings

To develop learners ability to co-construct a story
To give practice in creating character, setting, dialogue.
Using chains of action and sequencing devices
Shaping ideas and creating first drafts
Openings
What Makes a Good Opening? Opening Writing Techniques
You will first look at some examples of openings to short stories and discuss/compare your ideas
about what makes a good short story opening. You will match four openings with the technique that
was used. You will be given frameworks for some story openings and will write your own opening.
Materials provided on Good Closings
These materials are not demonstrated in the training session due to time constraints.
Co-constructing a story
Providing whole class brainstorming at the start of a writing lesson on an area such as character,
setting or plot can help generate ideas and language for students to use.
You could prompt this through something as simple as focusing on words starting with the same
letter, in this lesson the letter P or with a grid of topics to include in a story (handout)
It is important to allow for all students to add their ideas to the story so giving each student an area of
responsibility to add to the story recipe can help prompt this. For example, one student decides on a
character for the story, another student decides on a location, another student decides on some verbs
to use in the story. The students in groups then make a story using as many of the ideas as possible.
Students may be able to build a story through telling it together in a whole class group and then write
their individual version.
Students may build a story in small group orally and then write it together. You may want students to
write a draft of the story together as their first draft. You will need to remind students that everyone
needs to take part in the creating and writing so that the strong writer doesnt take over.
Chains of Action
This is a technique to quickly generate plot ideas. They can be created individually, in small groups or
as a whole class. They could be directly recorded as they are created or they could be written on to a
worksheet.
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What makes a good opening?

a) Match the example story openings to the descriptions below (there is one extra description
without an example opening). Not: You may have more than one possible answer for each.
A
Gregor woke up from a bad dream and

found he was transformed into a giant
insect.
Why is he here? Why has he come now?

whispered a small voice. There was no
reply.
Adapted from Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis
As Paul Chan stood in the middle of the

shopping mall, all he could think of was
lying down and closing his eyes.
The clock struck thirteen as the glass

smashed. They were inside.
A Good Opening?
1. Dropping the reader into the middle of the dramatic action.
2. A quote or dialogue to make the reader ask questions Whos this? What are they
saying? Why are they saying it?
3. A shocking statement The telephone rang. He picked it up. The voice at the end told
him to run. To run now. To not stop running.
4. Mirror or circular openings/closings where each mirrors the other . (opening) The
young boy looked out of the window and wondered What am I doing here?
(Closing) The young boy looked out of the window and finally knew why he was there.
5. An intriguing opening that makes you wonder Why? Whats happening here?
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b) The four story openings include one or more of the following important elements:
character, time/place setting, event and dialogue. They have been annotated for you.
A
Gregor woke up in bed from a bad
nights sleep and found he was
transformed into a giant insect.
B
Why is he here? Why has he come
now? whispered a small voice. There was
no reply.
Adapted from Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis
As Paul Chan stood in the middle of the The clock struck thirteen as the glass
shopping mall, all he could think of was
smashed. They were inside.
lying down and closing his eyes.
Orange = characters Blue = time/place setting Pink = event Green = dialogue
Now use the sentence frames to write four openings.
A:
_______________ (who?) ______________________ (where?) and found ___________________
_________________________________________________________________________(what?)
B:
_______________ ______________________ ______________________(dialogue) whispered
___________________
_______________________________________________________________________(dialogue)
C:
As_______________ (who?) ______________________ (where?) all he could think of was
_________________________________________________________________________(what?)
D:
_________________________________________________________________(event?)________
______________________ (who?) were_________________________________________(what?)
What makes a good closing?

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a) Read the four statements about how a short story should end. With your group decide
if you agree () or disagree (X) with the statements.

b) Add one more piece of advice
A Good Closing?
1
End with then s/he woke up and it was all a dream!
Make the reader always ask Whats going to happen next?
3.
Answer all the questions that the reader has in the closing.
4.
Use frames make your opening and closing scenes mirror each other.
Tips!
Circular opening / closings
Get students to write an opening based on a theme. Then ask them if they can close the
story with the same opening words/phrases to bring their writing full circle.
Shared openings and closings
Get each student to give a classmate just the first line of something he or she has been
working on. The classmate has to write something starting or ending with that line. This
reduces the struggle of finding leads or endings.
Classifying openings and closings

Get students to classify the openings they write in a chart according to whether they contain
dialogue, a shocking statement, a quote, or other categories they discover through reading.
Use a second chart for endings, with categories such as summary statements, predictions,
reflections about the events. Later, refer back to these charts to help students think about
potential leads and endings.
Closings that don't work!

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Uninspired chronology: Students often make the error of just reverting to

chronology, and ending their writing with the characters dying or falling asleep. If you
ask students never to end their pieces with phrases such as "...and they all went to
bed," you'll eliminate lots of dull conclusions. Why not make a light-hearted poster of
banned short story phrases for your classroom?!
Catchall endings: As above, students use these when there are loose ends that they
cannot tie up. In these instances, it is typical for students to conclude with passages
such as, "It was all just a dream," or anything that provides an easy return from
fantasy to reality. Discourage them from doing this.
References:
http://teacher.scholastic.com/lessonrepro/lessonplans/instructor/power.htm#strategies
http://www.primaryresources.co.uk/english/englishC1.htm (adaptable to secondary contexts)
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STORY-BUILD RECIPE CARDS
1- Write a description of the

setting:
2- Write a description of a
character he meets:
3- Write three things Percy says

during this story:
4- Choose 5 verbs you can use in

the story:
5- Choose 5 adjectives we have to 6- Choose 3 objects that appear in

use in the story:
the story:
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Write your story about Percy below.
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The Collaborative Storytelling Activity and the NSS English Language

Curriculum
action
consequences
Fortunately
Unfortunately
Write two more sentences for your story starting Because

Because .
Because..
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Re-write your first draft ideas using fortunately, unfortunately, because and some of the
words below:
Today
Later that morning
Suddenly
Luckily
Later that day
Finally
Give your story an interesting beginning and end. Organise your ideas into paragraphs. Now tell your
partner the story. Use your notes to help you but do not read from the paper- keep eye contact with
your audience!
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Part 3
Introductory note to Learning & Teaching Activities
At this stage you will experience the activities from the perspective of the student. As we
have limited time in the workshop, we will divide you into 6 groups, and give you instructions
to follow in each group. The tutor will be mingling amongst you to help with procedures,
ideas and the development of your work. Some of the work you generate at this point will be
used as material for formative assessment practice in Part 4 of the day.
Important note: if you were to run these activities with your students, you would not give
them the instructions to follow (remember that we have used this method in the workshop
today because of time constraints). Instead, as a teacher, you would lead the students,
stage by stage, through the activities.
Therefore, as you are working through the activities, think about the sequencing of your
presentational language, your concept checking questions, your instructions and your roundup questions. This will help you decide which stages may need to be modified for the needs
of your particular groups.
By the end of Part 3a, you will have:
experienced detailed procedures and worked with material which relates to each
content part of the module and can be used, modified or adapted for
the needs of your own students.
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Activity 1 Characterisation: FRANKENSTEIN by Mary Shelley

Note for teachers: Strictly speaking, Frankenstein is not a short story, but these activities use
the abridged version (from Oxford graded readers for language learners) which makes it
accessible for students. We feel that it will be highly motivating for students to feel they can
read an entire novel which is also a well-known classic.
A SHORT DISCUSSION - BEFORE READING
Discuss the following questions with the students in your

group.
What is a monster?
What famous monsters can you think of?
Can you describe any monsters from films? Think about their appearance, behaviour
and personality.
How might people react to a monster?
Do you think well be able to create monsters in the future?
Read the following definitions of monsters and tick the ones you agree with:
A monster is
someone who looks different

a freak of nature
a scary creature
a beautiful person
someone with a frightening appearance
a person or animal that is deformed or unusual
an imaginary creature having human and animal parts
an extremely clever animal
a very cruel or wicked person
a huge or horrible creature
Now look at the blurb on the back cover and read the first page of the book
inside the front cover.
Tell your partner what you know about this story.
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INSTRUCTIONS
1
2
Do activity 1 with your group.

Open Envelope 2 which contains:
- 6 copies of Student A and Student B Worksheet
Divide your group into 2 or 3 x Student As and 2 or 3 x Student Bs. Turn

to the appropriate side of the worksheet (A or B).
Go to the chapter on your worksheet for the story Frankenstein by Mary

Shelley and answer the questions.
You have 10-15 minutes to do this activity.
Now compare your ideas with someone who answered the same
questions as you.
Open Envelope 3 which contains 6 sheets.
You now need to work with someone who looked for information about a
different character.
Each Student A should work with a Student B.
Tell your partner about your character using your notes to help you.
You have 10 minutes to do this part of the activity.

3
Work together to complete the text analysis activities or sample extension

task. Check with the answer key in Envelope 4.
You have 10 minutes to do this part of the activity.

4
Open Envelope 5 which contains 6 A4 sheets. In your pairs (each pair

should have a Student A and a Student B), discuss the questions and
statements.
You have 15-20 minutes to do this activity.
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Envelope 2
WHILE-READING TASK FRANKENSTEIN by Mary Shelley

STUDENT A: Victor Frankensteins story
1. What information can you find in the story about the character of Victor Frankenstein?
Fill in the table below with as much information as possible. Read Chapter 2 and chapter 3
to the end of page 7
Name: Victor Frankenstein :
a. Where is he from?
b. What do we know about his
appearance?
c. Tell us about his family
No specific details given.
d. What do we know about his

childhood?
e. What were his feelings about
studying and learning?
f. How would you describe his personality? Tick the words which you think apply to him.
hard-workingsensitivestupidfocussedcrazy kindlight-hearted
sadambitioushopelessconfusedangryshyloving eccentric |
Justify your impression with examples from the story.
make some notes about the words you have chosen:
hard-working - studied hard at school, read a lot of books and wanted to learn
Fast finishers:
Write a short summary of Victor Frankenstein: I think hes because
..
.........................
Exchange your ideas:

Work with a partner who read about the other character. Tell each other your information and
fill in the other side of the worksheet as you talk with your partner.
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Envelope 2
WHILE-READING TASK FRANKENSTEIN by Mary Shelley

STUDENT B: The Monsters story
1. What information can you find in the story about the character of the monster?
Fill in the table below with as much information as possible. Read chapter 7.
Name: unknown
a. Where is he from?
Switzerland
b. What do we know about his

appearance?
c. How do people react to the
monster?
d. How does he survive?
e. What did he learn from the blind
family?
f. How would you describe his personality? Tick the words which you think apply to him.
hard-workingsensitivestupidafraidcrazy kindlight-hearted
sadambitioushopelessconfusedangryshyloving eccentric |
Justify your impression with examples from the story.
make some notes about the words you have chosen:
confused he doesnt understand the reaction of people to him
Fast finishers:
Write a short summary of the monster : I think hes because
..
.......................
Exchange your ideas:

Work with a partner who read about the other character. Tell each other your information and
fill in the other side of the worksheet as you talk with your partner.
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POST-READING TASKS
TEXT ANALYSIS
1. Look back at the chapters you read. Which of these short story devices does the write
use to tell us about the character? Add an example from the text to illustrate your
analysis.
How to show character in a story
She uses some adjectives to describe their personalities,
example: Victor was a hard-working and determined man.
example:
She uses verbs and descriptions of actions/events to give us an

impression of their personalities and how they behave.
example:
She uses direct quotations from the characters to show how they
speak.
example:
She shows how other people react to the characters.
example:
2. Compare the following pairs of sentences. Choose the one in each pair which you think is
more interesting for the reader and say why.
a)
(i) The monster was very ugly and had big hands.
(ii) Their faces were filled with horror and fear when they saw him.
b)
(i) He was a kind creature.

(ii) I tried to help them in other ways too
c)
(i) Victor was an ambitious man.

(ii) I wanted to use electricity to help people, and I wanted to discover the secrets of life.
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3. Sample Extension Task:

Read the extract below. Do you know when it takes place?
What is missing?
(1)__________
(a) verbs
(b) linking words
(c) time reference words
I had worked to make this creature but (2) _____ it looked terrible and frightening. I
almost decided to destroy it. But I could not. I had to know if I could put life into it.
(3)
(4)
_____________ I saw dark clouds in the sky, and I knew that a storm was coming.
_______________________________ the lightning came. My mast began to do its work
immediately and the electricity from the lightning travelled down the mast to my machine. Would
the machine work?
(5)
____________ nothing happened. But (6) _______________ I saw the creatures body
begin to move. Slowly, terribly, the body came alive. Its arms and legs began to move, and slowly
it sat up.
The dead body had been an ugly thing, but alive, it was much more horrible.
(7)
____________ I wanted to escape from it. I ran out of the laboratory, and locked the door. I was
filled with fear at what I had done.

(8) ____________, I walked up and down in my flat. (9) ___________ I lay down on my bed
and fell asleep.
Add the missing words and phrases to the gaps so that it is easier to understand when the
events happen.
a) two days later
b) for hours
c) at last
d) suddenly
e) at first
f) after a few minutes

g) at about one oclock in the morning
h) now
i) for a year
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ANSWER KEY
POST-READING TASKS
TEXT ANALYSIS
1. Look back at the chapters you read. Which of these short story devices does the write
use to tell us about the character? Add an example from the text to illustrate your
analysis.
How to show character in a story
She uses some adjectives to describe their personalities,
example: Victor was a hard-working and determined man.
example:
She uses verbs and descriptions of actions/events to give us an
impression of their personalities and how they behave.
example:
She uses direct quotations from the characters to show how they
speak.
example:
She shows how other people react to the characters.

example:
2. Compare the following pairs of sentences. Choose the one in each pair which you think is
more interesting for the reader and say why.
a)
(i) The monster was very ugly and had big hands.
(ii) Their faces were filled with horror and fear when they saw him.
b)
(i) He was a kind creature.

(ii) I tried to help them in other ways too
c)
(i) Victor was an ambitious man.

(ii) I wanted to use electricity to help people, and I wanted to discover the secrets of life.
Students own answers, but in general the second sentence in each pair is preferable
because it makes use of the techniques in (1) above.
Language Arts
3. Sample Extension Task:

Read the extract below. Do you know when it takes place?
What is missing?
(1)_____
(a) verbs
(b) linking words
(c) time reference words
i ___ I had worked to make this creature but (2) __h _ it looked terrible and frightening. I
almost decided to destroy it. But I could not. I had to know if I could put life into it.
(3)
(4)
_____ a ______ I saw dark clouds in the sky, and I knew that a storm was coming.
_____________ g ________________ the lightning came. My mast began to do its work
immediately and the electricity from the lightning travelled down the mast to my machine. Would
the machine work?
(5)
_____ e _____ nothing happened. But (6) _______ f ______ I saw the creatures body
begin to move. Slowly, terribly, the body came alive. Its arms and legs began to move, and slowly
it sat up.
The dead body had been an ugly thing, but alive, it was much more horrible.
(7)
____ d ______ I wanted to escape from it. I ran out of the laboratory, and locked the door. I was
filled with fear at what I had done.

(8) ______ b ____, I walked up and down in my flat. (9) _____c _____ I lay down on my bed
and fell asleep.
Add the missing words and phrases to the gaps so that it is easier to understand when the
events happen.
a) two days later
b) for hours
c) at last
d) suddenly
e) at first
f) after a few minutes
g) at about one oclock in the morning
h) now
i) for a year
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Envelope 5
Choose some of the following questions to discuss as a follow up to

lessons or on completion of the book
1. The title of this story is Frankenstein. Does the title make it clear that Frankenstein is
the scientist, not the monster? And if it doesnt, is there a reason for this, do you think?
How much should a title explain about a story? Should it give information, or be
mysterious?
2. What do you think about Frankensteins decision to try and put life into a dead body?
Do you think what he did was right or wrong? Why?
3. Can we blame the monster for his actions? For example, did he know what he was
doing when he committed the murders or was it not his fault?
4. How do you think a monster like Frankenstein would be treated in our society today?
5. What were your feelings towards the monster? Did you feel sorry for him? Why / why
not?
6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Explain why.
Scientists should try new things all the time. If they dont, we will never find new and
better ways of living.
There are some ideas that scientists should not think about or study, for example,
putting an end to a seriously ill persons life, or putting parts of animals into humans.
Nobody (doctors, scientists, artists etc.) should re-use parts of dead peoples bodies
for any reason.
Scientists just want to discover and understand new things. It is not their fault if other
people use their scientific discoveries in dangerous or evil ways.
7. What did you think of the story? Would you recommend it to your friends? Why / why
not?
Choose one of the questions you discussed

to give you some ideas to add to your
reading journal. Write about your thoughts
and impressions of the book (or part of it).
EDB Language Arts

Envelope 1
Activity 2 Helping students to read and understand short stories:

THE LONG TUNNEL by John Milne
INSTRUCTIONS
1
Five-minute discussion
Answer the questions in envelope 1 with your group.
While-reading task
Take a copy of the book The Long Tunnel from envelope 2. Read the questions on the
worksheet. Read the whole story through once. Now answer the questions.
Post-reading Tasks
Work with a partner to discuss questions 1 - 7.
Take one cut-up story strip each from envelope 3. Read your part of the story aloud to
the group. Dont show them. Move places on the table so that the story is in the correct
order.
Language Analysis
Open envelope 4. Work through the language analysis tasks together.
Role-Play
Open envelope 5. Divide your group into two smaller groups of 3 (Group A and group B) for
the role-play activity.
Follow-up Discussion
Discuss the questions as a whole group.
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Envelope 1
Activity 2 Helping students to read and understand short stories (2):

THE LONG TUNNEL by John Milne
1
FIVE MINUTE DISCUSSION
The story you are going to read is about some students and a
robbery.
Discuss the following questions with the students in your group before you read.
What age do people go to university?
How many universities are there in Hong Kong? Where are they?
When do university students do exams?
How many months holidays do university students have?
When is the summer holiday?
What do you do in the summer holidays?
Which type of holiday would you like to go on? Why?

(a) a camping holiday
(b) staying at a hotel by the beach
(c) visiting relatives
(d) staying at a friends house in the countryside
(e) a sports camp
What is it called when someone takes money that is not theirs from a bank?
(a) a bank robbery
(b) a bank burglary
(c) a bank steal
Do people rob banks in Hong Kong? Why / why not?
Is it safer to live in the country than the city? Why / why not?
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Envelope 2
WHILE-READING TASK THE LONG TUNNEL by John Milne
Read the book then work with a partner to answer the questions.
How many characters are there in this book? What do you know about them?
Fill in the table with as much information as possible. Some answers have already been done
for you.
Characters
name (some
characters
arent named)
What is her/
his job?
How old is
she/he?
What does he/

she look like?
Is he/she an important
character in the
story?
Yes
No
student
Sheila
about forty
years old
4 men- no names
given
robbers
train driver
the sergeant
POST-READING TASK
Answer the questions.

1. Paul, Charles and Sheila go on holiday in the book.
Where do they go on holiday?
How long are they going to stay there?
When is their holiday?
How do they get there?
2. Tick the pictures that are about their holiday. What do they take with them?
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3. What happened when Sheila and Charles got to the cottage?

a) They met Paul and had dinner with him
b) Paul wasnt there because he had gone to the cinema
c) There was a stranger at the cottage
4. Where was Paul?
a) He was tied up in the bedroom
b) He was at McDonalds
c) He was asleep in the bedroom
5. What was the problem?
a) Paul was sick
b) Paul was a prisoner
c) Paul made a loud noise
6. What were the men planning to do that night?
a) Go for coffee
b) Rob a train
c) Kill Paul
7. How did Sheila and Paul trap the robbers?
a) They tied them up and gagged them
b) They locked them in the cottage until the police came
c) They put stones on top of the shaft cover so they couldnt get out
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Envelope 3
4
CUT-UPS
Number the sentences in the correct order to give the outline of the story. 1
1
Paul, Sheila and Charles were sitting their exams.
Sheila and Charles agreed to spend a week with Paul in Wales.
2
Paul and Sheila trapped the criminals in the shaft.
The criminals were arrested by the police.
3
Sheila saw soldiers putting bags of money into a lorry.
4
Sheila and Charles found out that some criminals were going to steal the money
from a train.
5
When they got to the cottage, Paul was not there.
Sheila and Charles found Pauls exam paper.
6
While the criminals were out of the cottage, Sheila and Charles rescued Paul.
ANSWER KEY:
1, 3, 5, 6, 4, 2
Activity taken from The Long Tunnel (Macmillan Readers), published by Macmillan Heinemann, Oxford, 2005
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Envelope 4
LANGUAGE ANALYSIS
1. Which are the main tenses the writer uses to tell the story?
a) past simple
b) present simple
c) past continuous
2. Read the two extracts from the story:
a) Paul was lying on the grassHis friends Sheila and Charles were sitting near him. Paul
and Charles were nineteen.
b) Its not my cottage, replied Paul. It belongs to my uncle. He usually goes there for his
holidays every summer.
Complete the grammar explanations and match them to the correct extract (a) or (b).
We can use the __________ ____________ and __________ _______________

tenses to set the scene for a story. They describe the background of the story and give
us information about the characters. Example extract ( ).
We use the _____________ _____________ tense to show the exact words a

character says. Example extract ( ).
3. Look at the examples of conversations from the story. What is special about the underlined
verbs?
Where are you going this summer? Sheila asked Paul.
To Wales, Paul replied. Im going to stay in a cottage in the country.
Lets go and stay with Paul, Sheila said to Charles.
OK, agreed Charles. We can stay there for a week.
Youve made a mistake, he shouted. I dont like visitors here. Go away.
Use the pictures on pages 8-9 and reporting verbs to help you write the conversation
between Sheila and Charles. The first line has been done for you already.
Here we are- Llanvoy said Charles.
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Envelope 5
ROLE-PLAY
Group A:
Work with a partner. You are both journalists working for Apple Daily. Write
five questions to ask the witnesses.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Group B: You are the witnesses (Sheila, Charles and Paul). Prepare your
version of what happened to tell the Apple Daily journalists. Write notes.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Make a pair with Student A and Student B
and role-play the interview.
Possible follow-up activities:

Work together to write the newspaper story and headline.
Produce a recorded news report.
Do a dramatisation of the events in the story.
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Envelope 5
Discuss the following questions / statements with your group
1. Why do you think people commit robberies and other crimes?

2. Do you think this story could have taken place in Hong Kong? Why / why not?
3. When did this story take place?
a) nowadays
b) 20 years ago
c) 200 years ago
How do you know?

4. Has your answer to the following question changed after reading the story? Is it safer to
live in the country than the city? Why / why not?
5. What would you do if you were Paul and some robbers tied you up? How would you feel?
6. If you found out that some men were planning to rob a train, like Sheila, Charles and Paul
did in the story, what would you do?
Write your thoughts and feelings in your reading journal about one of the
questions you discussed.
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Envelope 1
Activity 3
1
The Element of Setting
USING YOUR SENSES

Open Envelope 1.
Take a yellow question card each and discuss each one with your group.
Then match up with the green answer cards.
Take a worksheet (1) each.

(a) Listen to the instructions on the cassette.
Compare your list with the other group members. Do you have very
different answers? Can you explain your choices?
Take a worksheet (2) each.
(b) Listen to the instructions on the cassette again.
Use your ideas from the previous activities to write a short description of
this room (on page 4) using as many sensory descriptions as possible.
You have about 10 minutes for this part of the activity.
2
LANGUAGE WORK
Work in pairs to complete worksheets 3 and 4 in envelope 2.
You have about 10 minutes for this part of the activity.

3
WRITING PRACTICE
Using the template on page 8, expand your first draft to make the
beginning of a short story using as much descriptive language as possible
to create an atmospheric setting.
You have about 10-15 minutes for this part of the activity.
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Worksheet 1- Senses Dictation

a) Write the words you hear in your preferred column
See
Hear
Feel
Taste
Smell
Discuss your choices with your partner. Can you explain why you put the words in those
columns?
b) Listen to the cassette again and follow the instructions.
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Worksheet 2- Using your senses
I could hear
I could smell
I could feel
Share your ideas with the students in your group.

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You now have five minutes to write a description of this room that uses ALL the senses
available to you. Concentrate on using the impressions you gained while sitting with your
eyes closed. Try to use phrases and verbs as well as adjectives and adverbs.
NB. THIS IS YOUR FIRST DRAFT.
Description of this room
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Worksheet 3- Vocabulary work

a) Match the adjectives with an opposite
b) Which words
are synonyms
(have the same or
similar meaning)?
c) Read the
following short
extract describing
a place.
1. messy
2. clean
3. tiny
4. cramped
5. spotless
6. cosy
7. modern
8. luxurious
9. simple
10. bright
a. old-fashioned
b. spacious
c. uncomfortable
d. complicated
e. basic
f. tidy
g. filthy
h. dirty
i. dark
j. huge
As Dick squeezed through the doorway, the huge pile of newspapers that had been
holding the door ajar fell onto his foot. Ouch! he cried. As his eyes adjusted to the
darkness, he could see boxes stacked up to the ceiling and books jostling for space
on the broken shelves. How would he ever find what he was looking for in this messy
place? He carefully stepped over the discarded drinks bottles and empty food
cartons, taking care not to place his feet on any of the rubbish that was almost ankledeep in parts of the cramped room. The smell of rotting vegetables crept into his
nostrils and he looked for a window to open. There were none. The only light came
from an old-fashioned oil lamp hanging just centimetres above his head. Dick pushed
his way into the narrow space between two bookshelves, banging his elbow on a
sharp piece of wood as he tried to reach an overflowing box of papers.
What kind of place does it describe?
What feeling does it give you?
i. a beautiful big bedroom

ii. a tiny storeroom
iii. a fresh fruit and vegetable market
Underline any examples of descriptions for setting associated with lack of space. One has
already been done for you. Try to select phrases as well as individual words and remember
they do not only have to be adjectives.
Highlight any words or phrases associated with the senses. Are all five senses used in this
description?
d) Here are some basic sentences:

1. Ho walked along the quiet road.
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2. MeiLing opened the big door.

3. His breakfast tasted bad.
4. Coco closed the door.
5. Jin had a test at school.
6. The teacher was tall.
7. The boy got onto the crowded bus.
8. Clara didnt like the rain.
Now match each one with a more interesting description from below (these use verbs,
adverbs and phrases to give us a sense of atmosphere or setting).
i. She had to use all her strength to push against the door which creaked loudly as she slowly
entered the room.
ii. He towered over everybody else and we had to stretch our heads back to look at him.
iii. Nervously, he sat at his desk in the exam hall. The nightmare was just beginning
iv. She slammed the heavy door angrily as he left the room.
v. He squeezed on just as the doors hissed shut and stood with his nose pressed against
somebodys stomach.
vi. He could hear the birds singing and the trees blowing in the wind as he strolled along.
There was no-one else around. It felt as if he was the last person in the world.
vii. She frowned and wrapped her coat tightly around her as she splashed down the street,
wishing she was home in her warm dry living room with a cup of tea.
viii. He closed his eyes and forced the food into his dry mouth. He chewed it and tried to
swallow, but he couldnt do it.
Tell your partner what kind of atmosphere or setting the descriptions make you think
of.
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Worksheet 4- Writing practice

Here is another short extract. What is the setting? What sort of atmosphere is it?
The sun shone fiercely onto the golden sand, burning my feet as I ran down to the water. I
plunged into the sparkling water, eager for the refreshing coolness. There was not a cloud in
the sky and even the birds were sleepy in the trees. The waves lapped gently onto the
beach with a relaxing sound and I floated on my back gazing up at the clear sky above. I
could feel the warmth of the sun on my skin as I closed my eyes.
Use the word bank below to re-write the extract above, giving it a different atmosphere. You
can add other words and phrases if you want to. Write at least 100 words please.
pouring with rain
rainclouds
dark
heavy
stormy
thundering
crashing
splashing
angrily
noisy
cold and wet
soaked through
grey
shivering
run
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Worksheet 5
Now use your earlier first draft description of a room (page 5) to create a setting for a story. The first
line of the story has been given below (you may want to change the adjective in brackets):
The (frightened) students

hurried into the room. They
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Instructions tapescript:
a) You will hear a list of words. As you hear each word, write it in the column you think it is
associated with. For example, if the word is Cookie, I might write it in the see column
because I can picture a cookie in my mind, but other people might write it in the taste
column because they imagine the taste in their mouth. And someone else may write it in the
smell column because they can smell the cookies baking. There are no right or wrong
answers- everyone will have something different.
Words for dictation:
dog; orange; school; dictionary; ice-cream; newspaper; trees; yourself; telephone; baby;
onion; rain; computer; friend; rose; Hong Kong; train; fish; church; moon; maths; grass;
coffee; silk; home.
b) Close your eyes and focus on the classroom. Sit in silence for a minute. What can you
hear? Sit with your eyes closed for a minute listening to what is going on around you.
[Allow one minute silent listening]
Open your eyes. For the next few minutes, in the table below write down all the words,
images and phrases that occurred to you about the room as you had your eyes closed.
Close your eyes again. What can you smell around you? Sit for a moment, noticing the
smells of the room.
[Allow 20-30 seconds silent smelling]
Open your eyes. Now write down what you could smell.
Close your eyes for a final time and focus on the room. Sit in silence for a minute. What
does the area around you feel like? Think about the feeling of the chair under you, your feet
on the floor? What is the temperature? Can you feel anything touching your skin? What?
What does it feel like? What about the feelings and emotions inside your mind?
[Allow 20-30 seconds for them to touch things around them]
Open your eyes. Write down all the words, images and phrases that occurred to you
about the things you felt when you had your eyes closed.
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Activity 4
The Element of Dialogue in Short Stories
(The Space Invaders by Geoffrey Matthews, Macmillan Readers, 2005)
Warmer
Work in pairs. Choose who is A and who is B. (If you are a group of three, add C). Take a
piece of scrap paper.
Student A: Write a question or greeting on the paper and pass it to Student B.
Student B: Answer your partners question or greeting in writing, add something else, then
pass it back.
Student A: Answer your partners question or greeting in writing, add something else, then
pass it back.
Continue for about two minutes.
Keep this paper for later

2
Language Focus awareness raising

As a group, use the space provided below and brainstorm synonyms for said.
Brainstorm
How many synonyms can you think of for said?
Answered
asked
shouted
loudly
with a laugh
looking worried
Now think of some phrases to describe how someone speaks

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Now pass your paper to another pair. Tell the other pair your names and who was A and
who was B.
Each pair can make the dialogue more dramatic by adding reporting verbs and
descriptions to their friends dialogues.
For example:
A: Hey. What are you doing after school?
B: Playing football with my friends.
Hey. What are you doing after school? whispered Janice.
Playing football with my friends replied Eason looking worried.
Then hand back the dialogue for the speakers to read. (This can be done with language input
targeted at the proficiency of your students)
Expressing meaning
a) What do you notice about the dialogue extract from a story below? (Hint: look at the
reporting verbs)
Did you see that? said May.

Yes, what on earth was it? said Michael.
I think it was a UFO said May.
Are you sure? said Michael.
No but I dont want to stay here to find out said May.
Youre right. Lets get out of here! said Michael.
To make a dialogue more interesting, writers often use verbs and adverbs to show how
somebody is feeling or behaving. Match the verbs below with an action or feeling (some may
have more than one possible answer). One answer has been done for you. These example
sentences might also help you.
Examples:
Please, please, please can I have an ice-cream Mummy? begged little Billy.
How many more people can squeeze into this lift? wondered Candy.
Ive got so much homework to finish this weekend sighed the student.
I got an A in my chemistry exam! laughed Wing.
Did you hear what happened to those naughty students? whispered Calvin.
Sit down and get on with your work immediately! shouted the headmaster.
Help! Theres a big spider under my chair screamed Andy.
Have you got a ticket, Sir? enquired the bus driver.
Can you open the door for me please? asked the old lady.
Nobody loves me cried the ugly duckling.
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Verb
a. shouted
b. whispered
c. screamed
d. begged
e. enquired
f. laughed
g. sighed
h. wondered
i. cried
j. asked
This person
1. feels happy
2. wants to get an answer
3. is sharing a secret
4. is feeling tired and fed-up
5. is not sure about something
6. needs some help
7. is angry
8. may be frightened
9. really wants something
10. feels sad
b) The dialogue between May and Michael above could be called a ping pong dialogue2 as it
goes back and forth between the two characters like a ping pong ball and there is no
description or scene-setting to add to the atmosphere. This kind of dialogue is quite tiring for
the reader.
Add the descriptions and details from the next page to suitable places in the dialogue. Write
the numbers in the boxes to show where you would add a description or detail.
Did you see that? yelled May
Yes, what on earth was it? asked Michael
I think it was a UFO replied May
Are you sure? said Michael
No but I dont want to stay here to find out said May
Youre right. Lets get out of here! agreed Michael
2
The term ping-pong dialogue comes from http://www.ket.org/education/guides/pd/teachingtheshortstory.pdf
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staring with wide eyes at the night sky. The park was usually brightly lit and full of people but
tonight it was strangely silent.
1
looking at her in surprise. May had some crazy ideas
but he thought she could be right this time.
as she grabbed hold of Michaels arm tightly.
glancing nervously over his shoulder as they ran.
in a shaky voice.
and she began to run pulling him towards the steps.
Dialogue can tell your reader more about the characters. Read the extracts on pages
10 -
11; 21 - 22 and 45 - 47 from The Space Invaders.

What can you say about the characters? Write the words and phrases which helped you to
decide. Some examples have been done for you and here are some helpful hints:
Hint 1: Look at the reporting verbs for each character.
Hint 2: What do other people say about the character?
Hint 3: Look at any descriptions of how the character speaks or behaves.
Name:
Miranda
Character description:
She isnt friendly. These words show this: She said each word sharply and
coldly (page 10).
Garth
He is bossy. I guessed this from the words Omega, I order you and
shouted Garth (page 21).
Omega
He is a kind of machine. The words that tell us this are: Mistakes are made by
humans. I do not make mistakes (page 10) and Omega was now part of the
controls of the spaceship (page 21)
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APPEARANCE
CHARACTER
_________
PERSONALITY
TRAITS
MANNERISMS
(BEHAVIOUR)
Fast finishers now develop a mind map and create a fuller picture of their characters
Creating a dialogue
a) Work with another student and choose a card from the envelope marked Conflict Cards.
Use the situation to write a short dialogue between the characters you explored in the
previous task.
First, write their conversation below (you can role-play it if you want to):
Character 1: ______________________________________________________________
Character 2: ______________________________________________________________
Character ______________________________________________________________
Character : ______________________________________________________________
Character : ______________________________________________________________
Character : ______________________________________________________________
Character : ______________________________________________________________
Character : ______________________________________________________________
Character : ______________________________________________________________
Character : ______________________________________________________________
Etc:
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Now write the conversation as a full dialogue, using reporting verbs and descriptions so
that readers get an idea of the character. Produce this on a new piece of paper to show to
the class later.
Things to check:
Have you
used a range of reporting verbs?
included descriptions and details so its not a ping-pong dialogue?
given the reader some clues about the character through the dialogue?
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CONFLICT CARDS
Who?
Where?
What?
Why?
Garth
(You decide)
Is about to do something bad (You decide what)
(You decide)
Who?
Where?
What?
Why?
Everyone
(You decide)
You need to get back to safety
Someone is injured (what happened?)
Who? Miranda & Garth

Where? (You decide)
What? One character wants to go home (who?)
and the other one wants to continue the adventure.
Why? (You decide)
Who? (You decide)
Where? (You decide)
What? They are suddenly caught in a huge storm
Why? Someone didnt check the weather report (who?)
Who? Omega & Miranda
Where? Inside the space ship
What? Omega realises Miranda is planning to
steal something (you decide what)
Why? (You decide)
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Activity 5
Envelope 1
Storytelling as an art form
(Room 13 and Other Ghost Stories by M.R. James, Macmillan Readers 2005)
Story Prediction
a) You are going to listen to part of a story called Room 13, but first guess what the story is
about. Use the picture cards in envelope 2 to give you some ideas. Jot your ideas below.
What kind of story is it? (e.g. love story; detective story)
When did the story take place?
Where did it happen?
Who were the characters in the story?
What happened?
b) Can you think of any sound effects that you might hear in the story?
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Text matching & listening

a) Match the text extracts from envelope 3 with the correct picture.
b) Listen to the story extracts on the CASSETTE and put them in the correct order while
you listen.
c) Listen to the first part of the story CD (up to He went to bed- 2:20). Write down at
least three questions that you would like to have answered. Save them for later.
Who?
What...?
Why.?
Where.?
Listening
a) Listen to the next extract of the story on the CD (from That evening- 6:38 to and
ran down the stairs.- 9:08). Shadow read (this means read it in your head) while you listen
for the first time.
b) Listen again. Which of the following sound effects do you hear?
Different peoples voices
Foreign accent
Girls laughing
Baby crying
Screaming
Groaning
A knock on the door
Dogs barking
Shouting
A car engine
Tick (P)
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
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c) Using the text below of the extract you listened to, mark the words you think should be
stressed. An example has been done for you.
d) Use two different colours and underline

or highlight the phrases you think should be
said in a soft quiet voice in one colour. Use
your other colour to underline or highlight
the phrases you think should be said in a
louder or scary voice.
e) Tell the story to your group using the

effects that you think are best to make it
sound interesting and entertain the listener.
f) The following words come from the last part of the story:
axes
disappeared
a box
papers
blood
Work together to write your ideas of how the story will end. Try to include the words.
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Listen to the end of the story on the CD (from 9:08 to the end). Were your ideas right?
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Envelope 2
Picture cards (to cut up)
3
2
4
5
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7
8
10
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Envelope 3
Text Extracts (in the correct order) CUT-UPS
Viborg is a city in Denmark. It is an old city, but it has only a few old buildings.
A great fire destroyed most of the old town in 1726.
Mr Anderson was writing a book on the history of Denmark.
He stayed in an old building in Viborg- The Golden Lion Inn. The inn was nearly 350 years
old.
Anderson noticed that there was no room number 13. 13 is an unlucky number. Many
people do not want to stay in a room with an unlucky number.
Anderson lit the oil lamp and looked round. Room number 12 looked smaller by lamplight.
Anderson went to the window and lit a cigarette. He looked out of the window.
Anderson opened the window to let out the smoke.
There was a red light and a shadow on the wall of the house opposite. The shadow was
dancing wildly, but there was no noise.
The landlord banged on the door and turned the handle. The door was locked.
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Activity 6
Stories with a Twist Fractured Fairy Tales
Instructions
1
Traditional Fairy Tale
Open Envelope 1 which contains six green sheets The Three Little Pigs.
It is assumed you know the traditional story. Work together and complete the table in
Part A (of the green sheet) answering questions about the traditional version of The
Three Little Pigs.
Keep this green sheet for the next part of the activity.
You have five minutes.
Modern Fairy Tale
Open Envelope 2 which contains a CD recording of a modern version of the The

Three Little Pigs and a yellow sheet.
The captain keeps the A4 yellow sheet until later when you are ready to check your
answers.
Now use the CD player and listen to the modern version.
As you listen, complete the modern version section of the table in Part A (of the green
sheet).
Now discuss the questions in Part B about the modern version of The Three Little
Pigs.
You have ten minutes for this activity.
When you have finished, the captain takes the A4 yellow sheet and reads out the
answers.
Were your answers correct?
Changing a Key Element
Choose one fairy tale from the following list:

1. The Sleeping Beauty
2. Little Red Riding Hood
3. Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
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Open Envelope 3 which contains seven laminated cards and six A4 sheets.
Each card has a key element and a suggestion to help you.
You are and your group are going to brainstorm how you could change a key
element of the fairy tale you have chosen.
Brainstorm how you could change that element in your chosen traditional fairy
tale to make it into a modern fairy tale and take notes on the A4 sheet as this
will help you later on.
Follow the instructions in the table on the next page. You have about two minutes for each
card.
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The oldest person in the group should read out

card 1.
The youngest person in the group should read out card 2.
The person wearing the most colours should
read out card 3.
The person who forgot to do homework last week should read out
card 4.
The tallest person should read out card 5.
The quietest person should read out card 6.

The person with the longest hair should read out card 7.
You have about 15 minutes for this activity.
Writing a Story Outline for a Fractured Fairy Tale

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Open Envelope 4 which contains six A4 sheets and a laminated story outline from
The Prince and the Pea
Read the story outline from The Prince and the Pea and discuss how the story
outline works from the seven sentences.
Take the A4 sheet and write the story outline for the fairy tale you chose to change
from its traditional version to a modern version.
This is called a fractured fairy tale. (A fractured fairy tale is a traditional fairy tale
which has had a key element changed as in the example The Three Little Pigs you
read at the beginning of this activity).
The story outline should summarise what happens in the story. Try to make your story
as surprising as possible. Nothing is less exciting than reading a story whose ending
you can guess immediately.
Write your story outline on the A4 sheet. Refer back to the laminated story outline
from The Prince and the Pea if you need help or inspiration.
You have 15 minutes for this activity.
Note to teachers:
1
Please keep the writing on the A4 sheet as you will need it for Part 5 of the
workshop
Here are the website addresses for
A: The True Story of The Three Little Pigs by Jon Scieszka

http://www.ricks-bricks.com/wolfside.htm
B: The Three Little Pigs (traditional version)
http://www-math.uni-paderborn.de/~odenbach/pigs/pig2.html
C: Ideas for Story Outlines for Fractured Fairy Tales
http://www.fictionteachers.com/fictionclass/newfangled.html
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Envelope 1
The Three Little Pigs

Part A
The Three Little Pigs:
Traditional
Version
Modern
Version
Who is/are the good

character(s)?
Who is/are the bad
character(s)?
What kind of houses do the 1
pigs build?
2
3
1
2
3
What happens to the main

characters?
1
2
3
1
2
3
What happens to the bad

character(s)?
Part B
Discuss the following questions with your group.

1
What has Jon Scieszka changed in his modern version?

Time
Location
Plot
Point of View
Characters
Gender
Ending
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Did you enjoy the modern version?

Why / Why not?
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The Three Little Pigs (KEY)

Part A
The Three Little Pigs:

Who is/are the good
character(s)?
Who is/are the bad
character(s)?
Traditional
Version
Three pigs
Modern
Version
A wolf (he was
framed)
A wolf
Three pigs
What kind of houses do the 1 Straw

pigs build?
2 Sticks
3 Bricks
1 Straw
2 Sticks
3 Bricks
What happens to the main

characters?
1 Eaten
2 Eaten
3 Lives happily
1 Eaten
2 Eaten
3 Lives happily
What happens to the bad

character(s)?
He is cooked and
eaten
The good wolf

goes to prison
Part B
What has Jon Scieszka changed in his modern version?

Time
Location
Plot
Point of View
Characters
Gender
Ending
No
No
Yes slightly
Yes The wolf tells the story
No
No
No
Did you enjoy the modern version?

Why / Why not?
Your own answers
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Envelope 3
Your chosen fairy tale and possible changes

Time:
Location:
Plot:
Point of view:
Characters:
Gender:
Ending:
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Envelope 4
Your story outline
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Part 3b Noticing Activities

At this stage, you will experience the activities from the perspective of the teacher.
Principles of Design, Selection and Adaptation
By the end of this reflection task, you will have:
considered principles for design of materials, language tasks and practical activities
by reflecting on the practical activity you have just completed;
considered a rationale for selecting texts and other resources for use in the module;
considered ways in which you may provide support for (a) students who need more
support and for (b) those who need more challenge.
Discuss the following questions with your group and make notes where necessary (this will
help in the next stage of the workshop).
A - Design and Procedures: setting up & running the lesson
1
What language skills (listening, reading, speaking and writing) and systems (grammar,
vocabulary and phonology) were used in the lesson?
What does this lesson aim to make students aware of that they werent aware of
before?
List the main procedures you followed in the lesson you just finished. (Write them in
the left hand column of the table on the next page)
What was the purpose of each main stage of the lesson and what advantages and
potential problems can you think of? Fill in the rest of the table.
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Stage
Purpose
Good points
Potential problems
Consider the potential problems you raised and brainstorm some possible
solutions for each one.
What other activities could you do to introduce your students to the topic and
content of this lesson?
How could you use these activities to lead into students writing their end-of-course
short story? How would it be helpful to them?
To what extent would this lesson help your students to:

a) develop and practise their reading skills?
b) develop and practise their writing skills?
c) develop and practise their use of language?
d) refine their knowledge of key short story elements?
e) put their knowledge of key story elements into practice?
Which particular stages in the lesson would help students with the points above?
As a teacher leading the class from the front, would you do any (or all) of these
activities differently? How?
By the end of this activity, what key awareness are the students likely to have that they
didnt have before?
B Selection of materials
1 Why do you think your trainer selected this particular short story or extract(s)?
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What percentage of your students could follow this short story with a minimum of help?
3 How could you help your students to understand and enjoy the text / extract used?
4 How could the texts / extracts serve as a reference tool for students when they come to
writing their own end-of-course short story?
5 In the workshop activities we generally focused on examples of Western short stories.
How could you make the lesson culturally relevant for Hong Kong learners, for example,
how would you lead into the topic?
6
Which stories would you use with your students?
C - Supporting or challenging your learners
Consider the activities you did and think of a typical group of learners that you teach.
Would these activities be suitable for your learners in general? Why or why not?
1 What particular parts of the lesson might your students have difficulty with?
2 What support might you have to offer?
3 How might the tasks under-challenge your students?
4 How would you up the challenge for higher level students?
5 Why might some answers / options be provided in some activities?
6 What would you expect your students to achieve?
7 How have the previous procedures been supportive to mixed ability learners? In
particular, how have they helped students who need more support?
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Part 3c Resourcing the Module

www.teachingenglish.org.uk/
This is a British Council website aimed at helping teachers from

around the world to exploit English literature in the ELT classroom.
download/britlit/britlit.shtml
Here you can find a range of materials based around the works of
various authors. Each BritLit resource kit contains a range of
materials to help students understand the context of the literature as
well as the language and the works themselves. Many of the packs
contain complete texts, tasks for students, teachers' notes as well as
audio recordings of interviews with the authors and readings of the
text.
www.eastoftheweb.com/short- This website contains short stories organised into different genres of
childrens, crime, fiction, horror, humour, non-fiction, romance and
stories/indexframe.html
sci-fi. The website includes activities for teachers to do and there
are some interactive vocabulary games for students.
www.pbs.org/circleofstories
This website contains Native American stories. There are teaching
ideas and students can listen to four Native storytellers and learn
about the history of Native storytelling.
www.readwritethink.org/index. As its name suggests, this website has lesson plans to help teachers
with ideas for reading and writing activities. Printer friendly versions
asp:
are available.
www.channel4.com/learning/ This Channel 4 website has a useful Writers Toolkit as well as
microsites/B/bookbox/home.ht section on Authors and Books, Secret Passages and Games.
m:
www.teachers.tv/
Teachers TV is an invaluable teaching resource with short 15

minute videos about teaching, many about literature. Two
www.teachers.tv/video/12121/
interesting videos involve a visit by an author to a school
resources)
www.teachers.tv/video/12121
www.glencoe.com/sec/literatu This website has interactive reading activities. It also has interactive
re/course/brlit/index.html
games; e.g. Name That Literary Element is a task where students
www.glencoe.com/sec/literatu match definitions to literary terms.
re/course/brlit/unit1/games.sht
ml
www.teachit.co.uk/index.asp.
This website has teaching ideas for the classroom. Browse the
Resource Libraries for interesting activities. You need to be a
member to download the Word Version but anyone can download
the PDF version.
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www.teachersdesk.com/lesso This website has activities where fables are used to increase fluency
ns/esl/fables/Fables.htm
as well as critical thinking and increasing vocabulary.
www.webenglishteacher.com/ This website has examples and suggestions for using digital
ds.html
storytelling in the classroom. This might appeal to students who are
not too enthusiastic about writing.
www.wingedsandals.com/
This is an Australian website which explores the magical world of

Classical Greek mythology and is appropriate for students who need
more support.
www.miguelmllop.com/stories/ This website has many short stories, ranging from stories written by
index.htm
classic authors such as Charles Dickens, Agatha Christie and
W.Somerset Maughan to stories written by more contemporary
writers such as Roald Dahl and Ruth Rendell.
www.geocities.com/short_stori This website has a library of classic short stories by writers such as
es_page/
Katherine Mansfield, Nathaniel Hawthorne and James Joyce. This
website is appropriate for more able students.
www.jkrowling.com/
At the official JK Rowling site it is possible to read about the author

and what inspired and still inspires the Harry Potter series. The very
latest news and answers to Frequently Asked Questions are
available as well as information about characters and extracts from
the books.
www.andersenfairytales.com/ This website includes classic folk stories and fairy tales by Hans
en/main
Christian Andersen and web-published children's books with Flash
animation and narration. It also features cartoons, e-learning, a
biography of Hans Christian Andersen and links to the fairy tales.
www.fictionpress.com/
This is a growing network of over half a million writers/readers, and
home to over 900,000 original works. Students can upload their
writing on the website and read other students work.
www.darsie.net/talesofwonder This website has folk and fairy tales from around the world.
/
www.aesopfables.com/
This website has an online collection of Aesops Fables.
www.planet.eon.net/~bplaroch This website helps young authors to find on-line writing ideas, writing
/Write.html
tips, interactive writing projects, places to discuss and ask for advice
about writing from peers or published writers, editing references and
places to publish their writing.
www.scholastic.com/harrypott Students can read about the Harry Potter books, meet the author J.
er/
K. Rowling and take part in the Discussion Chamber.
www.hp-lexicon.org/
Harry Potter fans in your classroom can dig through an impressive

collection of facts about the Muggle and Wizarding Worlds and
everything in between. They'll find dozens of atlases, character
biographies, an encyclopedia of spells, a full timeline of events and
much more.
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www.pbs.org/mythsandheroes Students can read and discuss how four powerful myths recur in
/
different and diverse cultures around the world.
www.storyit.com/Classics/kids This website has stories, folk tales, fables, poems and rhymes.
classic.htm
Some stories are posted to be read online and some are interactive.
http://repeatafterus.com/index. This website contains copyright free poems, children's stories,
php
nursery rhymes, quotes, prose and drama, many of which are
accompanied by an audio file so that learners of English and lovers
of literature can listen as they read.
www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/li This website integrates mythology and modern science. Students
nk=/mythology/mythology.html read and find out about the gods and goddesses of different cultures
and the works of art that people have created to give them
expression.
www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks2bit This website has interactive activities for writing the beginnings and
esize/english/writing.shtml
endings of a short story.
www.bbc.co.uk/education/asg The units in Literature and Language give a good basis in the
uru/english/litandlang.shtml:
integration of language and literature, original writing, and speech
and writing - as well as guiding students through a sample exam
answer.
www.bbc.co.uk/dna/getwriting/ gives students top tips and advice on getting their stories, scripts
and poems out there.
www.bbc.co.uk/arts/books/
is all about authors, learning to write and literary fun and games.
www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/a has three interesting sections:
rts/features/howtowrite/index.s 1: Meet the Writers students can learn more about accomplished
html
writers, their background and what theyve written.
2: Learning from your Reading - Critical reading can help students
become more creative writers. Reading another writer's work can
teach other ways of thinking about the world, and other ways of
writing.
3: How to Write a Radio Play - Two award-winning radio dramatists,
Marcy Kahan and Mike Walker, share their secrets and explain what
makes an effective radio play.
www.bbc.co.uk/blast/writing/
On this website students can discuss writing issues with peers and
writing experts, read about writers, and get advice on writing.
www.bbc.co.uk/writersroom/
has information about opportunities, events, useful tips and
interviews with professional writers
www.englishbiz.co.uk/index.ht has useful guides to writing (aimed at UK GCSE and A level
ml
students)
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http://warrensburg.k12.mo.us/i is an American website which might appeal to students who prefer

adventure/index.html
writing online. Students write an iAdventure, a problem solving
activity in which students determine the direction and outcome of a
content-rich storyline, using resources available on the Internet,
particularly resources providing real-world data and primary
documents. For example, in the activity for Grades 6-8 called
Creating Childrens Literature students learn about literature when
they are hired to write a children's story book.
www.midlandit.co.uk/educatio has many ideas and tips to help students with their writing. There is
n/writingtips.htm
a library of short stories written by British children aged between
8-14.
www.etprofessional.com/
is the website of English Teaching Professional a practical
magazine for ELT, EFL, ESL and ESOL English language teachers
worldwide. Non-subscribers can access teaching ideas by clicking
on Practical Tips there are often ideas about using and writing
short stories.
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Books for Teachers:
Cambridge University Press
Short Stories Collie/Slater
Literature in the Language Classroom

Collie/Slater
(ISBN-13: 9780521406536)
Short Stories is a collection of vivid and
memorable short stories, written between the
nineteenth century and the present day. The
stories are mostly very short, and have been
selected for their powerful impact and also
because they suggest many possibilities for
creative activities in upper-intermediate and
advanced level classrooms. The stories can
therefore be used to stimulate reading and
fluency skills, as well as to explore literary
aspects of English. Short Stories contains
stories by a wide variety of authors from very
different backgrounds, including Leonora
Carrington, Alisdair Gray and Peter Carey,
creative activities both before and after reading
and between parts of the longer stories, a
Creative Development section at the end of
each unit to extend the themes and the
reader's involvement with the story. notes on
the authors and stories, and notes for the
teacher on using the material. The book is
accompanied by a cassette containing
recordings of all the stories as well as extra
material for listening activities.
(ISBN-13: 9780521312240)
Stories Wajnryb
A Window on Literature Lazar
(ISBN-13: 9780521001601)
(ISBN-13: 9780521567701)
Stories are a wonderful way of helping

students learn and acquire language. This
book is for teachers who want to use stories in
class but need a place to start. Stories is
packed full of fun activities using different
genres: soap opera, urban myth and
newspaper reporting as well as advice on
using stories in the classroom.
Pre-intermediate to Intermediate
This classroom text consists of 12 units, each
based on a theme and containing one or two
unabridged literary texts and accompanying
activities.
This is a practical guide for practising teachers

of English and teachers in training. It offers
teachers a rationale and a variety of
imaginative techniques for integrating literature
work with language teaching. It is divided into
three sections: Part I discusses the questions:
Why teach literature? What should we teach?
How should we teach it?; Part II outlines and
illustrates a wealth of student-centred class
and homework activities appropriate to each
stage of the study of a literary work. Detailed
descriptions of the activities are accompanied
by numerous sample worksheets; Part III
demonstrates techniques for working with
complete texts, and shows how the activities
outlined in Part II can be applied to particular
novels, plays, short stories and poems. All
activities described have been used
successfully with a wide range of classes from
intermediate level up.
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Using Folktales Taylor

(ISBN-13: 9780521637497)
Using Folktales provides over 40 ready-to-use
activities and dozens of stories which are suitable
for all ages from beginner to advanced level. The
paperback edition shows teachers how to take
advantage of the unique literary characteristics of
folk tales to facilitate language learning. It
provides over forty ready-to-use activities and
dozens of stories. Activities are suitable for all
ages and range from beginning to advanced.
Once Upon a Time Morgan/Rinvolucri

(ISBN-13: 9780521272629)
Stories can provide a highly motivating, engaging
and realistic source of genuine language
interaction in the classroom. They are 'living
language' in which the teacher (or student
storyteller) becomes the source of language, and
the listeners are actively involved in
understanding. The authors argue from
experience that almost everyone can tell stories
convincingly, especially given an outline to work
from. A very wide range of these outlines, from
many cultures and sources, are provided. It
includes listening comprehension, grammar
practice, oral production and fluency practice, but
above all exposure to real spoken language.
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Books for Teachers:
Oxford University Press
Literature Alan Duff and Alan Maley

(ISBN 978-0-19-437094-3)
It offers a wide variety of interesting and practical
ideas for using literature in the language
classroom. It is designed specifically with the
needs of the foreign language learner in mind: it
is not a book about how to study literature, but on
how to use it for language practice.
No previous knowledge of literature is needed
either by the teacher or by the students.
Storybuilding Jane Spiro

(ISBN 978-0-19-442193-5)
This book offers a carefully-structured series of
activities which, in a non-threatening way, guides
learners to write their own stories.The range of
language practised includes speaking and writing
skills, tenses, descriptive adjectives, reporting
verbs, direct speech, functions, discussion and
argument, letters and diaries. It provides an
incentive for learners to write, edit, and
reformulate their writing. It encourages learners
to read more appreciatively and also encourages
the development of critical, evaluative, and
analytical abilities which can be transferred to
other subjects.
Storytelling with Children Andrew Wright

(ISBN 978-0-19-437202-2)
This book is aimed at younger children but has some excellent
ideas which might be appropriate for less able students. It
exploits children's natural love of stories by using them to
develop an awareness of the sound and feel of English, and an
understanding of language points. It presents a wide variety of
ideas for using stories to teach English to children and includes a
selection of ready-to-tell stories, although the activities can be
used with any story. It provides photocopiable worksheets.
Books for Teachers: Longman

A Sense of Wonder William Preston
(ISBN 9780130405609)
This book opens the door to the world of
modern literature -- poetry, short stories,
essays, and plays. From the comic
metaphors of Pablo Nerudas Ode to My
Socks, to the touching monologue of Eric
Bogosians Bottleman, this multicultural
anthology engages students in a way that is
personal, meaningful, and enjoyable
British Literature: Short Takes Fiction Francine B.

Stieglitz, Robert L. Saitz
(ISBN 9780201516777)
Intermediate/High-Intermediate Level.
This book engages students in reading, speaking,
and writing English, using brief selections by 20thcentury writers such as Rumer Godden, Amy Tan,
Jamaica Kincaid, Margaret Atwood, Somerset
Maugham, William Saroyan, Raymond Carver, and
Marjorie Kellogg. The content is designed to help
students relate what they read to their own lives. The
excerpts are unabridged and introduce students to
authentic literature in manageable portions. It has
motivating themes, including Exploring Differences,
Relationships, Mysteries, Going Places, Values, and
Milestones. The exercises include structural,
communicative, investigative, and creative activities,
using the text as a point of departure.
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Books for Teachers: Prentice Hall

Three Genres: Writing Fiction
/Literary Nonfiction, Poetry, and Drama Stephen
Minot
(ISBN 9780132197380)
This book gives students a basic introduction to
fiction/ literary nonfiction, poetry, and drama and
helps them to develop their creative skills in each
area. Each genre section is self-contained and
includes complete works as examples along with
helpful advice about how to draw on the variety of
techniques they use. The style is informal,
practical, and positive. Minot encourages student
to draw on their own experiences and develop
skills on their own.
Crafting the Very Short Story: An Anthology of

100 Masterpieces Mark Mills
(ISBN 9780130867629)
This anthology is an international story collection
by critically-acclaimed authors, and includes
essays by renowned writers and scholars on the
key stylistic elements of this relatively new art
form: the very short story. Authors of these
classic, modern, and avant garde stories include
Alice Walker, Yasunari Kawabata, Helena Vivien
Viramontes, Amy Hemple, H.H. Munro, and
Anton Chekhov, plus many others. It provides
students with an exciting taste of global literature,
and writing guidelines which includes a list of ten
succinct crafting instructions enables students to
focus on key aspects of writing as they analyse
the authors' prose and write their own very short
stories.
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Language Arts

Professional Development for Teachers

EDB Language Arts Electives

Learning English through

Teaching / Learning activities

Resources for teaching short stories

Relationship of Compulsory and Elective Parts

By the end of Part 1, you will have:

ACTIVITY 1: The Proposed Changes to the NSS English Language Curriculum.

The Proposed Changes to the NSS English Language Curriculum

1.The Proposed New Senior Secondary English Language Curriculum

Equal lesson time should be allocated to the two parts.

The development of positive attitudes should be provided in all learning tasks.

General Description of the Module: Learning English through Short Stories

At the end of the module learners will either

Learning Targets of the Module

stories through oral, written and performative means.

learning and use of the language.

Learning Objectives of the Module

a wide variety of sources.

Content of the Module

Time Allocation of the Module

A range of activities will be used for assessing learner performance, including

Match the type of short story with the extracts

a) She waved her magic wand, and suddenly

b) He woke to see a shadowy figure in medieval

c) Darling! she whispered. Ive waited all my

d) The spaceship lowered itself onto this red,

e) The sheep was praising the wolf for his

f) Watson looked first at Holmes, and then at the

g) They set off on their way at dawn. The caves

h) Slowly, he opened the door and looked inside

3. Which vocabulary and language structures might to be central to students reading

comprehension of (and ability to write) each story type?

Features of short stories Matching Activity

the process of creating and developing characters

a planned, logical series of events having a beginning, middle, and

describes a sequence of events.

an enhancement tool to stress the theme of a story, e.g. a dog can

an event that introduces conflict.

action that leads to a crisis.

this is essential to a storyline Without conflict there is no plot. It is the

when events and complications begin to resolve themselves.

the point of the story when the conflict is resolved.

an unexpected final paragraph which shatters readers' perceptions.

the last paragraph of the story.

the message conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story e.g.

These features will vary by author and by story

To increase students awareness of effective story openings

What makes a good opening?

Gregor woke up from a bad dream and

Why is he here? Why has he come now?

Adapted from Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis

As Paul Chan stood in the middle of the

The clock struck thirteen as the glass

transformed into a giant insect.

Adapted from Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis

What makes a good closing?

if you agree () or disagree (X) with the statements.

End with then s/he woke up and it was all a dream!

_ g ____ the lightning came. My mast began to do its work