SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI
REGULATION 2008
III YEAR/ V SEMESTER

EC 2308 MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER

LABORATORY
LAB MANUAL
ISSUE: 01 REVISION:00

APPROVED BY

PREPARED BY

Prof. B. REVATHI

K.VIJAYA KANTH, Assistant Professor.

HOD/ECE

R.SIVAGAMY, Assistant Professor.

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

Preface
This laboratory manual is prepared by the Department of Electronics and communication
engineering for microprocessor and microcontroller lab (EC 2308). This lab manual can be used as
instructional book for students, staff and instructors to assist in performing and understanding the
experiments. This manual will be available in electronic form from Colleges official website, for
the betterment of students.

Acknowledgement
We would like to express our profound gratitude and deep regards to the support offered
by the Chairman Shri. A.Srinivasan. We also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of
gratitude to our Principal Dr.B.Karthikeyan,M.E, Ph.D, for his valuable information and
guidance, which helped us in completing this task through various stages. We extend our hearty
thanks to our head of the department Prof.B.Revathi M.E, (Ph.D), for her constant
encouragement and constructive comments.
Finally the valuable comments from fellow faculty and assistance provided by the
department are highly acknowledged.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

INDEX
S.No
1
2
3

TOPIC

PAGE
NO

Syllabus
Lab Course Handout
Experiments

5
6

1. Programs for addition and subtraction of two numbers using 8086

2. Programs for multiplication and division of two numbers using 8086

13

3. Programs to sort the numbers in ascending and descending order using 8086 17
4. Programs to find largest and smallest numbers using 8086

21

5. Programs to copy the string form source to destination

7. Programs for interfacing analog to digital converter

25
28
31

8. Programs for interfacing digital to analog converter

34

9. Programs to interface the stepper motor

14. Program for 8 bit addition of two numbers using 8051

40
43
47
51
55
59

15. Program for 8 bit subtraction of two numbers using 8051

62

16. Program for 8 bit multiplication of two numbers using 8051

64

17. Program for 8 bit division of two numbers using 8051

66

18. Programs for bit manipulation using 8051

68

19. Programs for digital clock and stop watch (using 8086)

70

20. Programs to verify timer, interrupts & uart operations in 8031

72

6. Programs to find and replace the string in memory

10. Program to interface the programmable keyboard and display controller

11. Program for interfacing programmable timer
12. Program for interfacing USART
13. Program for interfacing PPI

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

microcontroller

21. Communication between 8051 microcontroller

75

Kit & pc

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

SYLLABUS
EC2308

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Programs for 16 bit Arithmetic operations (Using 8086).

Programs for Sorting and Searching (Using 8086).
Programs for String manipulation operations (Using 8086).
Programs for Digital clock and Stop watch (Using 8086).
Interfacing ADC and DAC.
Parallel Communication between two MP Kits using Mode 1 and Mode 2 of
8255.
7. Interfacing and Programming 8279, 8259, and 8253.
8. Serial Communication between two MP Kits using 8251.
9. Interfacing and Programming of Stepper Motor and DC Motor Speed
control.
10.Programming using Arithmetic, Logical and Bit Manipulation instructions of
8051 microcontroller.
11.Programming and verifying Timer, Interrupts and UART operations in 8051
microcontroller.
12.Communication between 8051 Microcontroller kit and P C.
LIST OF EQUIPMENTS
(For a batch of 30 students)
Sl. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

10.

Description of Equipments
8086 Trainer
8051 Trainer
8255 Interfacing Card
8279 Interfacing Card
8259 Interfacing card
8251 Interfacing Card
ADC Interfacing card
DAC Interfacing Card
Stepper motor Interfacing card
DC motor Interfacing card

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

Quantity
15
15
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

LAB COURSE HANDOUT

Subject code

: EC 2308

Subject Title

: Microprocessor and Microcontroller lab

Staff name

: K.Vijaya kanth & R.Sivagamy

Scope and Objective of the Subject:

To write the program in microprocessor and in microcontroller for various operations like
arithmetic and interfacing.
Course Plan / Schedule:

S.No

Topics to be covered

Learning objectives

Page
No*

No. of
hours

Programs for 16 bit Arithmetic operations

using 8086

To write the assembly language

program for addition, subtraction ,
multiplication and division using
8086

3 hrs

Programs for Sorting and Searching Using

8086

To write the assembly language

program to arrange the numbers in
ascending or in descending order

17

3hrs

Programs for String manipulation operations

To write the assembly language

program to copy a string

25

3hrs

Interfacing ADC and DAC

To write the assembly language

program to convert the analog value
into digital and vice versa

31

3hrs

Interfacing and Programming of Stepper

Motor and DC Motor Speed control

To write the interface program for

controlling the stepper motor

40

3hrs

Interfacing and Programming 8279, 8259, and

8253

To write the interface program for

keyboard interface, display
controller

43

3hrs

Serial Communication between two MP Kits

using 8251

To write the interface program for

serial communication between two
microprocessor

51

3hrs

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR
8

III YEAR

Parallel Communication between two MP

Kits using Mode 1 and Mode 2 of 8255

To write the interfacing program for

the parallel communication between
two microprocessor

51

3hrs

Programming using Arithmetic, Logical and

Bit Manipulation instructions of 8051
microcontroller

To write the program for addition,

subtraction , multiplication and
division using 8051 microcontroller

66

3hrs

10

Programming and verifying Timer, Interrupts

and UART operations in 8051 microcontroller

To write the program for interrupts,

timer using 8051

68

3hrs

11

Programs for Digital clock and Stop watch

To write the assembly language

program for displaying the timer

70

3hrs

12

Communication between 8051

Microcontroller kit and P C

To write the program for

communication between
microcontroller and computer

75

3hrs

*-As in Lab Manual

Evaluation scheme Internal Assessment

EC
No.

Evaluation
Components

Duration

Weightage

Observation

Continuous

20%

Record

Continuous

30%

Attendance

Continuous

30%

Model lab

3hr

20%

Timings for chamber consultation: Students should contact the Course Instructor in her/his
chamber during lunch break.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

STUDENTS GUIDELINES
There are 3 hours allocated to a laboratory session in Microprocessor and microcontroller lab.
It is a necessary part of the course at which attendance is compulsory.

Here are some guidelines to help you perform the Programs and to submit the reports:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Read all instructions carefully and proceed according to that.

Ask the faculty if you are unsure of any concept.
Write the program, and give connections.
Get the output from the kit.
Write up full and suitable conclusions for each experiment.
After completing the experiment complete the observation and get signature from the
staff.
7. Before coming to next lab make sure that you complete the record and get sign from the
faculty.

STAFF SIGNATURE

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

HOD

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

8086 PROGRAMMING
ADDITION & SUBTRACTION
AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) for performing the addition and subtraction
operation of two byte numbers.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 trainer kit
ALGORITHM:
(i) 16-bit addition
Initialize the MSBs of sum to 0
Get the first number.
Add the second number to the first number.
If there is any carry, increment MSBs of sum by 1.
Store LSBs of sum.
Store MSBs of sum.
(ii) 16-bit subtraction
Initialize the MSBs of difference to 0
Get the first number
Subtract the second number from the first number.
If there is any borrow, increment MSBs of difference by 1.
Store LSBs of difference
Store MSBs of difference.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

FLOW CHART
ADDITION

SUBTRACTION

START

START

SET UP COUNTER (CY)

SET UP COUNTER (CARRY)

GET FIRST OPERAND

GET FIRST OPERAND

TO A

GET SECOND OPERAND TO A

SUBTRACT
SECOND OPERAND
FROM MEMORY

A=A+B

YES
IS THERE ANY
CY

IS THERE ANY
CARRY

YES

NO

COUNTER =
COUNTER + 1

COUNTER =
COUNTER + 1
STORE THE
DIFFERENCE

NO
STORE THE SUM

STORE THE CARRY

STORE THE CARRY
STOP
STOP

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

ADDITION

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV CX, 0000H

Initialize counter CX

MOV AX,[1200]

Get the first data in AX reg

MOV BX, [1202]

Get the second data in BX reg

ADD AX,BX

Add the contents of both the regs AX & BX

JNC L1

Check for carry

INC CX

If carry exists, increment the CX

L1 : MOV [1206],CX

Store the carry

MOV [1204], AX

Store the sum

HLT

Stop the program

SUBTRACTION
PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV CX, 0000H

Initialize counter CX

MOV AX,[1200]

Get the first data in AX reg

MOV BX, [1202]

Get the second data in BX reg

SUB AX,BX

Subtract the contents of BX from AX

JNC L1

Check for borrow

INC CX

If borrow exists, increment the CX

L1 : MOV [1206],CX

Store the borrow

MOV [1204], AX

Store the difference

HLT

Stop the program

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

RESULT:
Thus the program for 16-bit addition and subtraction was verified

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is Microprocessor ?
It is a program controlled semiconductor device (IC}, which fetches, decode and executes
instructions.
2. What is assembly language?
The language in which the mnemonics (short -hand form of instructions) are used to write a
program is called assembly language. The manufacturers of microprocessor give the mnemonics
3. Define bit, byte and word.
A digit of the binary number or code is called bit. Also, the bit is the fundamental storage unit of
computer memory. The 8-bit (8-digit) binary number or code is called byte and 16-bit
binary number or code is called word. (Some microprocessor manufactures refer the basic data
size operated by the processor as word)

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

8086 PROGRAMMING
MULTIPLICATION & DIVISION

AIM:
To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) for performing the multiplication and division
operation of 16-bit numbers.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 TRAINER KIT
ALGORITHM:
(i)

MULTIPLICATION OF 16-BIT NUMBERS:

Get the multiplier.
Get the multiplicand
Initialize the product to 0.
Product = product + multiplicand
Decrement the multiplier by 1
If multiplicand is not equal to 0,repeat from step (d) otherwise store the product.

(ii)

DIVISION OF 16-BIT NUMBERS.

Get the dividend
Get the divisor
Initialize the quotient to 0.
Dividend = dividend divisor
If the divisor is greater, store the quotient. Go to step g.
If dividend is greater, quotient = quotient + 1. Repeat from step (d)
Store the dividend value as remainder.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

FLOW CHART
MULTIPLICATION

DIVISION

Start

Start

Load Divisor &

Dividend

Get Multiplier & Multiplicand

QUOTIENT = 0
REGISTER=0
0
DIVIDEND =
DIVIDEND-DIVISOR

REGISTER = REGISTER
+ MULTIPLICAND

QUOTIENT = QUOTIENT+1
Multiplier=MUL
TIPLIER 1

IS
DIVIDEND
< DIVISOR
NO

NO

IS
MULTIPLIER

DIVISOR
YES

=0?
STORE QUOTIENT
YES
STORE REMAINDER
STORE THE RESULT

= DIVIDEND NOW
STOP

STOP

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

MULTIPLICATION
PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV AX,[1200]

Get the first data

MOV BX, [1202]

Get the second data

MUL BX

Multiply both

MOV [1206],AX

Store the lower order product

MOV AX,DX

Copy the higher order product to AX

MOV [1208],AX

Store the higher order product

HLT

Stop the program

DIVISION
PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV AX,[1200]

Get the first data

MOV DX, [1202]

Get the second data

MOV BX, [1204]

Divide the dividend by divisor

DIV BX

Store the lower order product

MOV [1206],AX

Copy the higher order product to AX

MOV AX,DX

Store the higher order product

MOV [1208],AX

Stop the program

HLT

Get the first data

RESULT:
Thus the program for 16-bit multiplication and division was verified

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the function of microprocessor in a system?
The microprocessor is the master in the system, which controls all the activity of the system. It
issues address and control signals and fetches the instruction and data from memory. Then it
executes the instruction to take appropriate action.
.
2. Define mnemonics.
The short-hand form of describing the instructions are called mnemonics. The mnemonics are
given by the manufacturers of microprocessors and programmable devices.
3. What is the need for timing diagram?
The timing diagram provides information regarding the status of various signals, when a machine
cycle is executed. The knowledge of timing diagram is essential for system designer to select
matched peripheral devices like memories, latches, ports, etc., to form a
microprocessor system

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

8086 PROGRAMMING
ASCENDING & DESCENDING

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) to sort a given array in

ascending and descending order.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 TRAINER KIT
ALGORITHM:
(i)

SORTING IN ASCENDING ORDER:

Load the array count in two registers C1 and C2.
Get the first two numbers.
Compare the numbers and exchange if necessary so that the two numbers are in ascending
order.
Decrement C2.
Get the third number from the array and repeat the process until C2 is 0.
Decrement C1 and repeat the process until C1 is 0.

(ii)

SORTING IN DESCENDING ORDER:

Load the array count in two registers C1 and C2.
Get the first two numbers.
Compare the numbers and exchange if necessary so that the two numbers are in descending
order.
Decrement C2.
Get the third number from the array and repeat the process until C2 is 0.
Decrement C1 and repeat the process until C1 is 0.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

ASCENDING
PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV SI,1200H

Initialize memory location for array size

MOV CL,[SI]

Number of comparisons in CL

L4 : MOV SI,1200H

Initialize memory location for array size

MOV DL,[SI]

Get the count in DL

INC SI

Go to next memory location

MOV AL,[SI]

Get the first data in AL

L3 : INC SI

Go to next memory location

MOV BL,[SI]

Get the second data in BL

CMP AL,BL

Compare two datas

JNB L1

If AL < BL go to L1

DEC SI

Else, Decrement the memory location

MOV [SI],AL

Store the smallest data

MOV AL,BL

Get the next data AL

JMP L2

Jump to L2

L1 : DEC SI

Decrement the memory location

MOV [SI],BL

Store the greatest data in memory location

L2 : INC SI

Go to next memory location

DEC DL

Decrement the count

JNZ L3

Jump to L3, if the count is not reached zero

MOV [SI],AL

Store data in memory location

DEC CL

Decrement the count

JNZ L4

Jump to L4, if the count is not reached zero

HLT

Stop

DESCENDING
PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV SI,1200H

Initialize memory location for array size

MOV CL,[SI]

Number of comparisons in CL

L4 : MOV SI,1200H

Initialize memory location for array size

MOV DL,[SI]

Get the count in DL

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR
INC SI

Go to next memory location

MOV AL,[SI]

Get the first data in AL

L3 : INC SI

Go to next memory location

MOV BL,[SI]

Get the second data in BL

CMP AL,BL

Compare two datas

JB L1

If AL > BL go to L1

DEC SI

Else, Decrement the memory location

MOV [SI],AL

Store the largest data

MOV AL,BL

Get the next data AL

JMP L2

Jump to L2

L1 : DEC SI

Decrement the memory location

MOV [SI],BL

Store the smallest data in memory location

L2 : INC SI

Go to next memory location

DEC DL

Decrement the count

JNZ L3

Jump to L3, if the count is not reached zero

MOV [SI],AL

Store data in memory location

DEC CL

Decrement the count

JNZ L4

Jump to L4, if the count is not reached zero

HLT

Stop

III YEAR

RESULT:

Thus the program for sorting the data inascending and descending order was verified

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What are the modes in which 8086 can operate?

The 8086 can operate in two modes and they are minimum ( or uniprocessor) mode and maximum
( or multiprocessor) mode.
2. How clock signal is generated in 8086? What is the maximum internal
clock frequency of 8086?
The 8086 does not have on-chip clock generation circuit. Hence the clock generator chip, 8284 is
connected to the CLK pin of8086. The clock signal supplied by 8284 is divided by three for
internal use. The maximum internal clock frequency of8086 is 5MHz.
3. What are the functional units available in 8086 architecture?
The bus interface unit and execution unit are the two functional units available in 8086
architecture.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

8086 PROGRAMMING
LARGEST& SMALLEST

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) to find the largest and

smallest number in a given array.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 TRAINER KIT
ALGORITHM:
(i)

FINDING LARGEST NUMBER:

Load the array count in a register C1.
Get the first two numbers.
Compare the numbers and exchange if the number is small.
Get the third number from the array and repeat the process until C1 is 0.

(ii)

FINDING SMALLEST NUMBER:

Load the array count in a register C1.
Get the first two numbers.
Compare the numbers and exchange if the number is large.
Get the third number from the array and repeat the process until C1 is 0.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

FLOW CHART
LARGEST

SMALLEST

START

START

INITIALIZE COUNT

INITIALIZE COUNT

POINTER MAX = 0

POINTER MIN = 0

PONITER =
POINTER + 1

PONITER =
POINTER + 1

YES
IS MAX
POINTER ?

IS MIN
POINTER ?

YES
NO

NO

MAX = POINTER

MIN = POINTER

COUNT = COUNT-1

COUNT = COUNT-1
NO

NO
IS COUNT = 0

IS COUNT = 0

?
YES

STORE MAXIMUM

STOP

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

STORE MINIIMUM

STOP

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III YEAR

LARGEST

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV SI,1200H

Initialize array size

MOV CL,[SI]

Initialize the count

INC SI

Go to next memory location

MOV AL,[SI]

Move the first data in AL

DEC CL

Reduce the count

L2 : INC SI

Move the SI pointer to next data

CMP AL,[SI]

Compare two datas

JNB L1

If AL > [SI] then go to L1 ( no swap)

MOV AL,[SI]

Else move the large number to AL

L1 : DEC CL

Decrement the count

JNZ L2

If count is not zero go to L2

MOV DI,1300H

Initialize DI with 1300H

MOV [DI],AL

Else store the biggest number in 1300 location

HLT

Stop

SMALLEST

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV SI,1200H

Initialize array size

MOV CL,[SI]

Initialize the count

INC SI

Go to next memory location

MOV AL,[SI]

Move the first data in AL

DEC CL

Reduce the count

L2 : INC SI

Move the SI pointer to next data

CMP AL,[SI]

Compare two datas

JB L1

If AL < [SI] then go to L1 ( no swap)

MOV AL,[SI]

Else move the large number to AL

L1 : DEC CL

Decrement the count

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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JNZ L2

If count is not zero go to L2

MOV DI,1300H

Initialize DI with 1300H

MOV [DI],AL

Else store the biggest number in 1300 location

HLT

Stop

III YEAR

RESULT:

Thus the program for finding the largest and smallest data from a given array was verified

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1.

Write the flags of 8086.

The 8086 has nine flags and they are
1. Carry Flag (CF) 6. Overflow Flag (OF)
2. Parity Flag (PF) 7. Trace Flag (TF)
3. Auxiliary carry Flag (AF) 8. Interrupt Flag (IF)
4. Zero Flag (ZF) 9. Direction Flag (DF)
5. Sign Flag (SF)

2. What are control bits?

The flags TF, IF and DF of8086 are used to control the processor operation and so they are called
control bits
3. State the function of Direction flag in 8086.
Direction flag is used with string instructions. If DF= 0, the string is processed from its beginning
with the first element having the lowest address. Otherwise, the string is processed from the high
address towards the low address

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

8086 PROGRAMMING
COPYING A STRING
AIM:
To move a string of length FF from source to destination.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 TRAINER KIT
ALGORITHM:
Initialize the data segment .(DS)
Initialize the extra data segment .(ES)
Initialize the start of string in the DS. (SI)
Initialize the start of string in the ES. (DI)
Move the length of the string(FF) in CX register.
Move the byte from DS TO ES, till CX=0.

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV DI,1300H

Initialize destination address

MOV SI, 1400H

Initialize starting address

MOV CX, 0006H

Initialize array size

CLD

Clear direction flag

MOV AL, 08H

Store the string to be searched

REPNE SCASB

Scan until the string is found

DEC DI

Decrement the destination address

MOV BL,[DI]

Store the contents into BL reg

MOV [SI],BL

Store content of BL in source address

HLT

Stop

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

FLOW CHART
START

Initialize DS,ES,SI,DI

CX=length of string, DF=0.

Move a byte from source string (DS)

to destination string (ES)

Decrement CX

Check for
ZF=1

STOP

RESULT:
Thus the program for copying a string of data from source to destination was verified

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the function of READY signal?
This is the acknowledgment from the slow devices (or) memory that they have completed the
data transfer. The signal made available by the devices is synchronized by the 8284A clock
generator to provide ready input to the 8086. The signal is active high.
2. What is the operation of RD signal ?
Read signal RD when low, indicates the peripherals that the processor is performing a memory
(or) I/O read operation.
3. What is the function of DEN signal in minimum mode?
This signal indicates the availability of valid data over the address /data lines. It is used to enable
the Transceivers to separate the data from the multiplexed address / data signal.It is active from
the middle of T2 until the middle of T4 DEN is tristated during hold acknowledge
cycle.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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8086 PROGRAMMING
FIND AND REPLACE
AIM:
To find a character in the string and replace it with another character.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 TRAINER KIT

ALGORITHM:
Initialize the extra segment .(E S)
Initialize the start of string in the ES. (DI)
Move the number of elements in the string in CX register.
Move the byte to be searched in the AL register.
Store the ASCII code of the character that has to replace the scanned byte in BL
register.
Scan for the byte in ES. If the byte is not found, ZF1 and repeat scanning.
If the byte is found, ZF=1.Move the content of BL register to ES:DI.

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV DI,1300H

Initialize destination address

MOV SI,1400H

Initialize starting address

MOV CX, 0006H

Initialize array size

CLD

Clear direction flag

MOV AL, 08H

Store the string to be searched

MOV BH,30H

Store the string to be replaced

REPNE SCASB

Scan until the string is found

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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DEC DI

Decrement the destination address

MOV BL,[DI]

Store the contents into BL reg

MOV [SI],BL

Store content of BL in source address

MOV [DI],BH

Replace the string

HLT

Stop

III YEAR

FLOWCHART

START

Initialize DS, ES, SI, DI

CX=length of the string in ES,

DF=0.
DF=0.

Scan for a particular character

specified in AL Register.

Check for ZF=1

Move the content of BL

to ES:DI

STOP

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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RESULT:
Thus the program for finding a data and replacing tha data from a given string of data was
verified

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the fabrication technology used for 8086?
The 8086 is fabricated using the HMOS (High density n-type metal oxide silicon field effect
transistors) technology and contains approximately 29,000 transistors. The 8086 packed in a 40
pin DIP and requires a single 5V supply.
2. What is multimicro-processor architecture ?
The maximum clock frequency at which a system operate may be considered as one of the
measure of the processor capability of the system.An appropriate system involving several
microprocessors connected using a certain topology ma provide high processing capacity. The
study of such a system known as multi micro processor architecture.
3. What are the functional parts of simple multi micro processor system ?
The simplest type of multimicroprocessor system is one containing a CPU and a numeric data
processor (NDP) and/or an Input / Output processor (IOP)

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

8086 INTERFACING
INTERFACING ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER
AIM:
To write an assembly language program to convert an analog signal into a digital signal using an
ADC interfacing.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 TRAINER KIT

ADC Interface board

THEORY:
An ADC usually has two additional control lines: the SOC input to tell the ADC when to start the
conversion and the EOC output to announce when the conversion is complete. The following program
initiates the conversion process, checks the EOC pin of ADC 0809 as to whether the conversion is over
and then inputs the data to the processor. It also instructs the processor to store the converted digital data
at RAM location.
ALGORITHM:
Select the channel and latch the address.
Send the start conversion pulse.
Read EOC signal.
If EOC = 1 continue else go to step (iii)
Read the digital output.
Store it in a memory location

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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FLOW CHART

START

SELECT THE CHANNEL AND LATCH ADDRESS

SEND THE START CONVERSION PULSE

NO
IS EOC = 1?
YES
READ THE DIGITALOUTPUT
STORE THE DIGITAL VALUE IN THE MEMORY
LOCATION SPECIFIED

STOP

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV AL,00

Load accumulator with value for ALE high

OUT 0C8H,AL

Send through output port

MOV AL,08

Load accumulator with value for ALE low

OUT 0C8H,AL

Send through output port

MOV AL,01

Store the value to make SOC high in the accumulator

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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OUT 0D0H,AL

III YEAR

Send through output port

MOV AL,00
MOV AL,00

Introduce delay

MOV AL,00
MOV AL,00

Store the value to make SOC low the accumulator

OUT 0D0H,AL

Send through output port

L1 : IN AL, 0D8H
AND AL,01

Read the EOC signal from port & check for end of conversion

CMP AL,01
JNZ L1

If the conversion is not yet completed, read EOC signal from

port again

IN AL,0C0H

Read data from port

MOV BX,1100

Initialize the memory location to store data

MOV [BX],AL

Store the data

HLT

Stop

RESULT:
Thus the program for converting an input analog signal into digital was verified

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What are the flag manipulation instructions of 8086.
LAHF : Load AH from low byte of flag register.
SAHF : Store AH to low byte of flag register
PUSHF : Push content of flag to the stack.
POPF : Pop content of stack and load it in the
flag register.
2. What are the three groups of signals in 8086 ?
The 8086 signals are categorized in three groups. They are :
i. The signals having common function in minimum and maximum mode.
ii. The signals having special functions for minimum mode,
iii. The signals having special functions for maximum mode.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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3. What are the uses of AD0 AD15 lines ?

These are the time multiplexed memory 15 address and data lines.
Address remains on the line during T I state ,while data is available on the data bus during T2,
T3, TW and T4. Here Ti' T2, T3, T4 and Tw are the clock states of a machine , cycle. Tw is a
wait state. These lines are active high and float to a tristate during interrupt acknowledge and
local bus hold acknowledge cycles.
8086 INTERFACING
INTERFACING DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER
AIM :
1. To write an assembly language program for digital to analog conversion
2. To convert digital inputs into analog outputs & To generate different waveforms

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 TRAINER KIT
DAC Interface board
THEORY:
Since DAC 0800 is an 8 bit DAC and the output voltage variation is between 5v and +5v. The
output voltage varies in steps of 10/256 = 0.04 (approximately). The digital data input and the
corresponding output voltages are presented in the table. The basic idea behind the generation of
waveforms is the continuous generation of analog output of DAC. With 00 (Hex) as input to DAC2 the
analog output is 5v. Similarly with FF H as input, the output is +5v. Outputting digital data 00 and FF at
regular intervals, to DAC2, results in a square wave of amplitude 5v.Output digital data from 00 to FF in
constant steps of 01 to DAC2. Repeat this sequence again and again. As a result a saw-tooth wave will be
generated at DAC2 output. Output digital data from 00 to FF in constant steps of 01 to DAC2. Output
digital data from FF to 00 in constant steps of 01 to DAC2. Repeat this sequence again and again. As a
result a triangular wave will be generated at DAC2 output.
ALGORITHM:
Measurement of analog voltage:
Send the digital value of DAC.
Read the corresponding analog value of its output.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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WAVEFORM GENERATION:
SQUARE WAVEFORM:
Send low value (00) to the DAC.
Introduce suitable delay.
Send high value to DAC.
Introduce delay.
Repeat the above procedure.
SAW-TOOTH WAVEFORM:
Load low value (00) to accumulator.
Send this value to DAC.
Increment the accumulator.
Repeat step (ii) and (iii) until accumulator value reaches FF.
Repeat the above procedure from step 1.
TRIANGULAR WAVEFORM:
Load the low value (00) in accumulator.
Send this accumulator content to DAC.
Increment the accumulator.
Repeat step 2 and 3 until the accumulator reaches FF, decrement the
accumulator and send the accumulator contents to DAC.
Decrementing and sending the accumulator contents to DAC.
The above procedure is repeated from step (i)

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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FLOW CHART

MEASUREMENT OF ANALOG VOLTAGE

START

SEND THE DIGITALVALUE TO

ACCUMULATOR

SQUARE WAVE FORM

START
INTIALISE THE ACCUMULATOR SEND
ACC CONTENT TO DAC

DELAY
TRANSFER THE ACCUMULATOR
CONTENTS TO DAC

READ THE CORRESPONDING

ANALOG VALUE

LOAD THE ACC WITH MAX VALUE

SEND ACC CONTENT TO DAC
DELAY

STOP

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SAWTOOTH WAVEFORM

III YEAR

TRIANGULAR

START
START

INITIALIZE
ACCUMULATOR

INITIALIZE
ACCUMULATOR

SEND ACCUMULATOR
CONTENT TO DAC

SEND ACCUMULATOR

INCREMENT ACCUMULATOR
CONTENT

CONTENT TO DAC

YES

INCREMENT ACCUMULATOR
CONTENT

IS ACC

FF
NO

NO

YES
DECREMENT ACCUMULATOR
CONTENT

IS ACC
FF

SEND ACCUMULATOR
CONTENT TO DAC

IS ACC 00
YES

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

NO

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MEASUREMENT OF ANALOG VOLTAGE:

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV AL,7FH

Load digital value 00 in accumulator

OUT C0,AL

Send through output port

HLT

Stop

DIGITAL DATA

ANALOG VOLTAGE

PROGRAM: SQUARE WAVE

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

L2 : MOV AL,00H

Load 00 in accumulator

OUT C0,AL

Send through output port

CALL L1

Give a delay

MOV AL,FFH

Load FF in accumulator

OUT C0,AL

Send through output port

CALL L1

Give a delay

JMP L2

Go to starting location

L1 : MOV CX,05FFH

Load count value in CX register

L3 : LOOP L3

Decrement until it reaches zero

RET

Return to main program

PROGRAM TABLE: SAW TOOTH WAVE

PROGRAM
L2 : MOV AL,00H

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

COMMENTS
Load 00 in accumulator

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L1 : OUT C0,AL

Send through output port

INC AL

Increment contents of accumulator

JNZ L1

Send through output port until it reaches FF

JMP L2

Go to starting location

III YEAR

PROGRAM TABLE: TRIANGULAR WAVE

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

L3 : MOV AL,00H

Load 00 in accumulator

L1 : OUT C0,AL

Send through output port

INC AL

Increment contents of accumulator

JNZ L1

Send through output port until it reaches FF

MOV AL,0FFH

Load FF in accumulator

L2 : OUT C0,AL

Send through output port

DEC AL

Decrement contents of accumulator

JNZ L2

Send through output port until it reaches 00

JMP L3

Go to starting location

WAVEFORMS

AMPLITUDE

TIMEPERIOD

Square Waveform
Saw-tooth waveform
Triangular waveform

RESULT:
Thus the program for converting a digital signal into analog was verified

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING

AIM:
To write an assembly language program in 8086 to rotate the motor at different speeds.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 TRAINER KIT
STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACE BOARD
STEPPER MOTOR
THEORY:
A motor in which the rotor is able to assume only discrete stationary angular position is a
stepper motor. The rotary motion occurs in a stepwise manner from one equilibrium position to the
next.Two-phase scheme: Any two adjacent stator windings are energized. There are two magnetic fields
active in quadrature and none of the rotor pole faces can be in direct alignment with the stator poles. A
partial but symmetric alignment of the rotor poles is of course possible.
ALGORITHM:
For running stepper motor clockwise and anticlockwise directions
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

Get the first data from the lookup table.

Initialize the counter and move data into accumulator.
Drive the stepper motor circuitry and introduce delay
Decrement the counter is not zero repeat from step(iii)
Repeat the above procedure both for backward and forward directions.

SWITCHING SEQUENCE OF STEPPER MOTOR:

MEMORY
LOCATION

A1

A2

B1

B2

HEX
CODE

4500

09 H

4501

05 H

4502

06 H

4503

0A H

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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FLOW CHART

START

INTIALIZE COUNTER FOR LOOK UP TABLE

GET THE FIRST DATA FROM THE ACCUMULATOR

MOVE DATA INTO THE ACCUMULATOR

DRIVE THE MOTOR CIRCUITARY

DELAY

DECREMENT COUNTER
YES

IS B = 0 ?
NO
GET THE DATA FROM LOOK UP TABLE

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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PROGRAM

COMMENTS

START : MOV DI, 1200H

Initialize memory location to store the array of number

MOV CX, 0004H

Initialize array size

LOOP 1 : MOV AL,[DI]

Copy the first data in AL

OUT 0C0,AL

Send it through port address

III YEAR

MOV DX, 1010H

L1 : DEC DX

Introduce delay

JNZ L1
INC DI

Go to next memory location

LOOP LOOP1

Loop until all the datas have been sent

JMP START

Go to start location for continuous rotation

1200 : 09,05,06,0A

Array of datas

RESULT:

Thus the program for rotating a stepper motor at different speed was verified

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

INTERFACING PRGRAMMABLE KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY CONTROLLER- 8279

AIM :
To display the rolling message HELP US in the display.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 Microprocessor kit, Power supply, Interfacing board.
ALGORITHM :
Display of rolling message HELP US
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Initialize the counter

Set 8279 for 8 digit character display, right entry
Set 8279 for clearing the display
Write the command to display
Load the character into accumulator and display it
Introduce the delay
Repeat from step 1.

1. Display Mode Setup: Control word-10 H

0
0

0
0

0
0

1
D

0
D

0
K

0
K

0
K

DD
00- 8Bit character display left entry
01- 16Bit character display left entry
10- 8Bit character display right entry
11- 16Bit character display right entry
KKK- Key Board Mode
000-2Key lockout.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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2.Clear Display: Control word-DC H

CD

CD

11
1-Enables Clear display 11

CD

CF

CA

A0-3; B0-3 =FF

A0-3; B0

0-Contents of RAM will be displayed

1-FIFO Status is cleared
1-Clear all bits
(Combined effect of CD)
3. Write Display: Control word-90H

1
1

0
0

AI

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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FLOWCHART

SET UP POINTER
INITIALIZE THE COUNTER

SET 8279 FOR 8-DIGIT CHARACTER DISPLAY

SET 8279 FOR CLEARING THE

DISPLAY
WRITE THE COMMAND TO DISPLAY
LOAD THE CHARACTER INTO ACCUMULATOR
AND DISPLAY

DELAY

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

START : MOV SI,1200H

Initialize array

MOV CX,000FH

Initialize array size

MOV AL,10

Store the control word for display mode

OUT C2,AL

Send through output port

MOV AL,CC

Store the control word to clear display

OUT C2,AL

Send through output port

MOV AL,90

Store the control word to write display

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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OUT C2,AL

Send through output port

L1 : MOV AL,[SI]

Get the first data

OUT C0,AL

Send through output port

CALL DELAY

Give delay

INC SI

Go & get next data

LOOP L1

Loop until all the datas have been taken

JMP START

Go to starting location

DELAY : MOV DX,0A0FFH

Store 16bit count value

LOOP1 : DEC DX

Decrement count value

JNZ LOOP1

Loop until count values becomes zero

RET

Return to main program

III YEAR

RESULT:
Thus the program to display the rolling message HELP US in the display was verified.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

INTERFACING PROGRAMMABLE TIMER-8253

AIM:
To study different modes of operation of programmable timer 8253
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 trainer kit
8253 interfacing kit
CRO
THEORY:
The main features of the timer are,
i.

Three independent 16-bit counters

ii.

Input clock from DC to 2 MHz

iii.

Programmable counter modes

iv.

Count binary or BCD

The control signals with which the 8253 interfaces with the CPU are CS, RD, WR, A1,
A2.The basic operations performed by 8253 are determined by these control signals. It
has six different modes of operation, viz, mode 0 to mode 5.

MODE 2 RATE GENERATOR

It is a simple divide - by N counter. The output will be low for one input clock period. The
period from one output pulse to the next equals the number of input counts in the register. If the register is
reloaded between output pulses, the present period will not be affected, but the subsequent period will
reflect the new value.

MODE 3 SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR

It is similar to mode 2, except that the output will remain high until one half for even number
count, If the count is odd, the output will be high for (count+1)/2 counts and low for (count-1)/2 counts

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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ALGORITHM:
Mode 21.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Initialize channel 0 in mode 2

Initialize the LSB of the count.
Initialize the MSB of the count.
Trigger the count
Read the corresponding output in CRO.

Mode 31.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Initialize channel 0 in mode 3

Initialize the LSB of the count.
Initialize the MSB of the count.
Trigger the count
Read the corresponding output in CRO.

PORT ADDRESS :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

CONTROL REGISTER
COUNTER OF CHANNEL 0
COUNTER OF CHANNEL 1
COUNTER OF CHANNEL 2
O/P PORT OF CHANNEL 0
O/P PORT OF CHANNEL 1
O/P PORT OF CHANNEL 2

CONTROL WORD FORMAT:

D7

D6

D5

D4

D3

D2

D1

D0

SC1

SC0

RL1

RL0

M2

M1

M0

BCD

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

Mode 2 =
34 H

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SC1

SC0

CHANNEL SELECT

RL1

RL0

READ/LOAD

CHANNEL 0

LATCH

CHANNEL 1

LSB

CHANNEL 2

MSB

-----

LSB FIRST, MSB NEXT

BCD --0 BINARY COUNTER

III YEAR

1 --BCD COUNTER

M2

M1

M0

MODE

MODE 0

MODE 1

MODE 2

MODE 3

MODE 4

MODE 5

MODE 2 RATE GENERATOR:

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV AL, 34H

Store the control word in accumulator

OUT 0BH

Send through output port

MOV AL, 0AH

Copy lower order count value in accumulator

OUT 08H

Send through output port

MOV AL, 00H

Copy higher order count value in accumulator

OUT 08H

Send through output port

HLT

Stop

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

MODE 3 SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR:

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV AL, 36H

Store the control word in accumulator

OUT 0BH

Send through output port

MOV AL, 0AH

Copy lower order count value in accumulator

OUT 08H

Send through output port

MOV AL, 00H

Copy higher order count value in accumulator

OUT 08H

Send through output port

HLT

Stop

FLOW CHART
START

INITIALIZE ACCUMULATOR
WITH MODE SET WORD

INITIALIZE LSB OF COUNT

INITIALIZE MSB OF COUNT

TRIGGER THE COUNT

STOP

RESULT
Thus the program for programmable timer 8253 and its different modes of operation was executed
successfully

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

INTERFACING USART 8251

AIM:
To study interfacing technique of 8251 (USART) with microprocessor 8086 and write an 8086
ALP to transmit and receive data between two serial ports with RS232 cable.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 kit (2 Nos), RS232 cable.
THEORY:
The 8251 is used as a peripheral device for serial communication and is programmed by the
CPU to operate using virtually any serial data transmission technique. The USART accepts data
characters from the CPU in parallel format and then converts them into a continuous serial data stream for
transmission. Simultaneously, it can receive serial data streams and convert them into parallel data
characters for the CPU. The CPU can read the status of the USART at any time. These include data
transmission errors and control signals. The control signals define the complete functional definition of
the 8251. Control words should be written into the control register of 8251.These control words are split
into two formats: 1) Mode instruction word & 2) Command instruction word. Status word format is used
to examine the error during functional operation.

1...transmit enable
1...data terminal ready
1... receive enable
1... send break character
1.... reset error flags (pe,oe,fe)
1..... request to send (rts)
1...... internal reset
1....... enter hunt mode (enable search for sync characters)

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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1 ransmitter ready
1. receiver ready
1.. transmitter empty
1... parity error (pe)
1.... overrun error (oe)
1..... framing error (fe), async only
1...... sync detect, sync only
1....... data set ready (dsr)

ALGORITHM:
1. Initialize 8253 and 8251 to check the transmission and reception of a character
2. Initialize8253 to give an output of 150Khz at channel 0 which will give a 9600 baud rate of 8251.
3. The command word and mode word is written to the 8251 to set up for subsequent operations

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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4. The status word is read from the 8251 on completion of a serial I/O operation, or when the host CPU
is checking the status of the device before starting the next I/O operation

PROGRAM: TRANSMITTER END

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV AL,36

Initialize 8253 in mode 3 square wave generator

OUT CE,AL

Send through port address

MOV AL,10

Initialize AL with lower value of count (clock frequency 150KHz)

OUT C8,AL

Send through port address

MOV AL,00

Initialize AL with higher value of count

OUT C8,AL

Send through port address

MOV AL,4E

Set mode for 8251(8bit data, No parity, baud rate factor 16x & 1 stop bit)

OUT C2,AL

Send through port address

MOV AL,37

Set command instruction(enables transmit enable & receive enable bits)

OUT C2,AL

Send through port address

L1:IN AL,C2

Read status word

AND AL,04

Check whether transmitter ready

JZ L1

If not wait until transmitter becomes ready

MOV AL,41

Set the data as 41

OUT C0,AL

Send through port address

INT 2

Restart the system

RECEIVER END

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV AL,36

Initialize 8253 in mode 3 square wave generator

OUT CE,AL

Send through port address

MOV AL,10

Initialize AL with lower value of count (clock frequency 150KHz)

OUT C8,AL

Send through port address

MOV AL,00

Initialize AL with higher value of count

OUT C8,AL

Send through port address

MOV AL,4E

Set mode for 8251(8bit data, No parity, baud rate factor 16x & 1 stop bit)

OUT C2,AL

Send through port address

MOV AL,37

Set command instruction(enables transmit enable & receive enable bits)

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR
OUT C2,AL

Send through port address

L1:IN AL,C2

Read status word

AND AL,02

Check whether receiver ready

JZ L1

If not wait until receiver becomes ready

IN AL,C0

If it is ready, get the data

MOV BX,1500

Initialize BX register with memory location to store the data

MOV [BX],AL

Store the data in the memory location

INT 2

Restart the system

III YEAR

RESULT:
Thus the program for transmitting and receiving a data serially was executed successfully.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

INTERFACING PPI 8255

AIM:
To write ALP by interfacing 8255 with 8086 in mode 0, mode 1 and mode 2

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 kit, 8255 interface kit.
ALGORITHM:
Mode 0
1. Initialize accumulator to hold control word
2. store control word in control word register
3. Read data port A.
4. Store data from port A in memory
5. Place contents in port B
Mode 1 & Mode 2
1. Initialize accumulator to hold control word (for port A)
2. Store control word in control word register
3. Initialize accumulator to hold control word (for port B)
4. Place contents in control word register.
5. Disable all maskable interrupts, enable RST 5.5
6. send interrupt mask for RST 6.5 & 7.5
7. Enable interrupt flag
8. Read data from port A, place contents in port B

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

FLOWCHART
Mode 0

Mode 1 & 2

START
START
Store control word in
control register

Store control word in control register

Input to be read from port A

Input to be read from port A

Store into accumulator

Disable all interrupts except RST 6.5

Output written on port B

Store output to port B
STOP
STOP

MODE 0

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV AL,90H

Set the control word

OUT C6,AL

Send it to control port

IN AL,C0

Get the contents of port A in AL

OUT C2,AL

Send the contents of port B to port address

HLT

Stop

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

MODE 1

PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV AL,0B0H

Set the control word for mode 1

OUT C6,AL

Send it to control port

MOV AL,09H

Control for BSR mode

OUT C6,AL

Send it to control port

MOV AL,13H

Interrupt generation

OUT 30,AL
MOV AL,0AH

Through 8259

OUT 32,AL
MOV AL,0FH

Using IR2 interrupt(lower order count)

OUT 32,AL
MOV AL,00H

Higher order count

OUT 32,AL
STI

Set trap flag

HLT

Stop

ISR:

Subroutine

IN AL,C0

Read from Port A

OUT C2,AL

Send it to Port B

HLT

Stop

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

MODE 2
PROGRAM

COMMENTS

MOV AL,0C0H

Set the control word for mode 2

OUT C6,AL

Send it to control port

MOV AL,09H

Control for BSR mode

OUT C6,AL

Send it to control port

MOV AL,13H

Interrupt generation

OUT 30,AL
MOV AL,0AH

Through 8259

OUT 32,AL
MOV AL,0FH

Using IR2 interrupt(lower order count)

OUT 32,AL
MOV AL,00H

Higher order count

OUT 32,AL
STI

Set trap flag

HLT

Stop

ISR:

Subroutine

IN AL,C0

Read from Port A

OUT C2,AL

Send it to Port B

HLT

Stop

Result:
Thus the program for interfacing a PPI was executed successfully

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

8051 PROGRAMMING
8 BIT ADDITION
AIM:
To write a program to add two 8-bit numbers using 8051 microcontroller.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
8051 trainer kit
ALGORITHM:
Clear Program Status Word.
Select Register bank by giving proper values to RS1 & RS0 of PSW.
Load accumulator A with any desired 8-bit data.
Load the register R 0 with the second 8- bit data.
Add these two 8-bit numbers.
Store the result.
Stop the program.
ADDRESS

MNEMONIC

OPERAND

HEX
CODE

COMMENTS

4100

CLR

C3

Clear CY Flag

4101

MOV

A, data1

74,data1

Get the data1 in

Accumulator

4103

ADDC

A, # data 2

24,data2

Add the data1 with data2

4105

MOV

DPTR, #
4500H

90,45,00

Initialize the memory

location

4108

MOVX

@ DPTR, A

F0

Store the result in memory

location

SJMP

L1

80,FE

Stop the program

4109

LABEL

L1

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

FLOW CHART

START

Clear PSW
Select Register
Bank
Load A and R 0
with 8- bit datas
Add A & R 0
Store the sum

STOP

RESULT:
Thus the program for 8-bit addition using 8051 was executed.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1.What is mean by microcontroller?
A device which contains the microprocessor with integrated peripherals like memory, serial ports,
parallel ports, timer/counter, interrupt controller, data acquisition interfaces like
ADC,DAC is called microcontroller.
2.Explain DJNZ instructions of intel 8051 microcontroller?
a. DJNZ Rn, rel
Decrement the content of the register Rn and jump if not zero.
b. DJNZ direct , rel
Decrement the content of direct 8-bit address and jump if not zero.
3.Explain the contents of the accumulator after the execution ot the following program segments:
MOV A,#3CH
MOV R4,#66H
ANL A,R4
A 3C
R4 66
A 24

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

8 BIT SUBTRACTION
AIM:
To perform subtraction of two 8 bit data using 8051 microcontroller and store the result in memory.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
8051 trainer kit
ALGORITHM:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Clear the carry flag.

Initialize the register for borrow.
Get the first operand into the accumulator.
Subtract the second operand from the accumulator.
If a borrow results increment the carry register.
Store the result in memory.

ADDRESS

MNEMONIC

OPERAND

HEX
CODE

COMMENTS

4100

CLR

C3

Clear CY flag

4101

MOV

A, # data1

74, data1

Store data1 in
accumulator

4103

SUBB

A, # data2

94,data2

Subtract data2 from

data1

4105

MOV

DPTR, # 4500

90,45,00

Initialize memory
location

4108

MOVX

@ DPTR, A

F0

Store the difference in

memory location

SJMP

L1

80,FE

Stop

4109

LABEL

L1

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

FLOWCHART

START

CLEAR CARRY
FLAG

GET IST
OPERAND IN
ACCR

SUBTRACT THE
2ND OPERAND
FROM ACCR

N
IS CF=1

Y
INCREMENT
THE BORROW
REGISTER

STORE
RESULT IN
MEMORY

STOP

RESULT
Thus the program for 8-bit subtraction using 8051 was executed

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

8051 PROGRAMMING
8 BIT MULTIPLICATION
AIM:
To perform multiplication of two 8 bit data using 8051 microcontroller and store the result in
memory.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
8051 trainer kit
ALGORITHM:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Get the multiplier in the accumulator.

Get the multiplicand in the B register.
Multiply A with B.
Store the product in memory.

ADDRESS

MNEMONIC

OPERAND

HEX
CODE

COMMENTS

4100

MOV

A ,#data1

74, data1

Store data1 in
accumulator

4102

MOV

B, #data2

75,data2

Store data2 in B reg

4104

MUL

A,B

F5,F0

Multiply both

4106

MOV

DPTR, # 4500H

90,45,00

Initialize memory
location

4109

MOVX

@ DPTR, A

F0

Store lower order result

401A

INC

DPTR

A3

Go to next memory
location

410B

MOV

A,B

E5,F0

410D

MOV

@ DPTR, A

F0

Store higher order result

SJMP

STOP

80,FE

Stop

410E

LABEL

STOP

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

FLOW CHART

START

GET
MULTIPLIER
IN ACCR

GET
MULTIPLICAND
IN B REG

MULTIPLY A
WITH B

STORE
RESULT IN
MEMORY

STOP

RESULT
Thus the program for 8-bit multiplication using 8051 was executed

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

8051 PROGRAMMING
8 BIT DIVISION
AIM:
To perform division of two 8 bit data using 8051 microcontroller and store the result in memory.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
8051 trainer kit
ALGORITHM:
1.
2.
3.
4.

ADDRESS

Get the Dividend in the accumulator.

Get the Divisor in the B register.
Divide A by B.
Store the Quotient and Remainder in memory.

MNEMONIC

OPERAND

HEX
CODE

COMMENTS

4100

MOV

A, # data1

74,data1

Store data1 in accumulator

4102

MOV

B, # data2

75,data2

Store data2 in B reg

4104

DIV

A,B

84

Divide

4015

MOV

DPTR, # 4500H

90,45,00

Initialize memory location

4018

MOVX

@ DPTR, A

F0

Store remainder

4109

INC

DPTR

A3

Go to next memory
location

410A

MOV

A,B

E5,F0

410C

MOV

@ DPTR, A

F0

Store quotient

SJMP

STOP

80,FE

Stop

410D

LABEL

STOP

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

FLOW CHART

START

GET DIVIDEND
IN ACCR

GET DIVISOR IN
B REG

DIVIDE A BY B

STORE
QUOTIENT &
REMAINDER
IN MEMORY

STOP

RESULT
Thus the program for 8-bit division using 8051 was executed

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB MANUAL

SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

LOGICAL AND BIT MANIPULATION

AIM:
To write an ALP to perform logical and bit manipulation operations using 8051 microcontroller.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8051 microcontroller kit
ALGORITHM:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Initialize content of accumulator as FFH

Set carry flag (cy = 1).
AND bit 7 of accumulator with cy and store PSW format.
OR bit 6 of PSW and store the PSW format.
Set bit 5 of SCON.
Clear bit 1 of SCON.
Move SCON.1 to carry register.
Stop the execution of program.

FLOWCHART

START

Set CY flag, AND CY with MSB of

ACC
Store the PSW format, OR CY with bit 2 IE reg

Clear bit 6 of PSW, Store PSW

Set bit 5 of SCON , clear bit 1 and store

SCON
Move bit 1 of SCON to CY and store PSW

STOP

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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ADDRESS

HEX
CODE

4100

LABEL

III YEAR

MNEMONICS

OPERAND

COMMENT

90,45,00

MOV

DPTR,#4500

Initialize memory location

4103

74,FF

MOV

A,#FF

Get the data in accumulator

4105

D3

SETB

Set CY bit

4016

82,EF

ANL

C, ACC.7

Perform AND with 7th bit of

accumulator

4018

E5,D0

MOV

A,DOH

410A

F0

MOVX

@DPTR,A

Store the result

410B

A3

INC

DPTR

Go to next location

410C

72,AA

ORL

C, IE.2

OR CY bit with 2nd bit if IE

reg

410E

C2,D6

CLR

PSW.6

Clear 6th bit of PSW

4110

E5,D0

MOV

A,DOH

4112

F0

MOVX

@DPTR,A

Store the result

4113

A3

INC

DPTR

Go to next location

4114

D2,90

SETB

SCON.5

Set 5th of SCON reg

4116

C2,99

CLR

SCON.1

Clear 1st bit of SCON reg

4118

E5,98

MOV

A,98H

411A

F0

MOVX

@DPTR,A

Store the result

411B

A3

INC

DPTR

Go to next location

411C

A2,99

MOV

C,SCON.1

Copy 1st bit of SCON reg to

CY flag

411E

E5,D0

MOV

A,DOH

4120

F0

MOVX

@DPTR,A

Store the result

4122

80,FE

SJMP

L2

Stop

L2

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

PROGRAMS FOR DIGITAL CLOCK AND STOP WATCH (USING 8086)

AIM:
To write an ALP to display the messages for every sec using 8086.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 Trainer kit

Program that places a message on the screen every 10 seconds, using int 1ah;

CODE SEGMENT
TIMEDELAY:
MOV SP,1000H
MOV DI,10XD
TIME OUT:
MOV AH,00H
INT 1AH
MOV BX,DX
TIMER:
MOV AH, 00H
INT 1AH
SUB DX, BX
CMP DX, 182XD
JC TIMER
MOV AH, 09H
CS

MOV DX,MSG
INT 21H
DEC DI
JNZ TIMEOUT
MOV AX,4C00H
INT 21H

MSG:

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

DB 'TEN MORE SECONDS HAVE PASSED $'

CODE ENDS

RESULT:
Thus an ALP program for digital clock and stop watch was executed and verified
successfully.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

PROGRAMS TO VERIFY TIMER, INTERRUPTS & UART OPERATIONS IN 8031

MICROCONTROLLER
AIM:
To write the alp to verify the interrupts and UART operations using microcontroller
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8051 microcontroller kit
a) Program to generate a square wave of frequency --------.
Steps to determine the count:
Let the frequency of sqaurewave to be generated be Fs KHz.
And the time period of the squarewave be Ts Sec.
Oscillator Frequency = 11.0592MHz.
One machine cycle = 12 clock periods
Time taken to complete one machine cycle=12*(1/11.0592MHz)= 1.085microsec.
Y(dec) = (Ts/2)/(1.085microsec)
Count(dec) = 65536(dec) Y(dec)
= Count(hexa)
PROGRAM
MOV TMOD,#10h
L1:

; To select timer1 & mode1 operation

MOV TL1,#LOWERORDER BYTE OF THE COUNT

MOV TH1,#HIGHER ORDER BYTE OF THE COUNT
SETB TR1

BACK: JNB TF1,BACK

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

; to start the timer (TCON.6)

; checking the status of timerflag1(TCON.7) for

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III YEAR

overflow
CPL Px.x

; get the square wave through any of the portpins

; eg. P1.2 (second bit of Port 1)

CLR TR1

; stop timer

CLR TF1

; clear timer flag for the next cycle

SJMP L1
b) Program to transfer a data serially from one kit to another.
Transmitter:
MOV TMOD,#20H

; Mode word to select timer1 & mode 2

MOV TL1,#FDH

; Initialize timer1 with the count

MOV TH1,#FFH
MOV SCON,#50H

; Control word for serial communication to

to select serial mode1

SETB TR1

; Start timer1

MOV A,#06h
MOV SBUF,A

; Transfer the byte to be transmitted to serial

Buffer register.

LOOP:

JNB TI, LOOP

; checking the status of Transmit interrupt

flag

CLR TI
HERE:

SJMP HERE

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

Receiver:
MOV TMOD,#20H
MOV TL1,#FDH
MOV TH1,#FFH
MOV SCON,#50H
SETB TR1
LOOP:

JNB RI,LOOP
MOV A,SBUF
MOV DPTR,#4500H
MOVX @DPTR,A
CLR RI

HERE:

SJMP HERE

RESULT:

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

COMMUNICATION BETWEEN 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

KIT & PC
AIM:
To wirte the program for communication between microcontroller and computer
Apparatus required:
Micro controller kit

SERIAL COMMUNICATION

8051>H
HELP MENU

Display data, program, internal, bit memory or registers

Edit data, program, internal, bit memory or registers

Single step from specified address, press SP to terminate

Execute the program till user break

Set address till where the program is to be executed

Clear break points

F10

Key followed by 4 key at the PC to upload data to a file (DOS)

Test the onboard peripherals

Download a file from PC mem to the SDA-SI-MEL kit (DOS)

Assembler

Disassembler

TEST FOR ONBOARD PERIPHERALS

For SDA SI-MEL kit, following menu is displayed on pressing the option "T"

8051>T
ALS-SDA SI-MEL Kit Test monitor
ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

1. Test internal Data RAM

2. Test external Data Memory (U6)
3. Test external Data memory (U7)
4. 8255 loop test
5. Test 8253
6. Exit

Select (1-6):

Suppose the user presses the key '1', following message is displayed if the internal data RAM is
OK.

Testing internal data RAM: Pass

After displaying the message, the menu is displayed once again waits for user to enter a key

EDITING MEMORY COMMAND:

8051>E
EDIT (R,B,M,P,D)D - EXTERNAL DATA RAM
Enter STA address = 0400
0400 =

7F:55 Press 'N' key to go to the next address

0401 =

D5:66

0402 =

D3:77

0403 =

73:88

0404 =

6F:12

0405 =

CB:01

0406 =

A7:02 Press 'P' key to go to the previous address

0407 =

6F:03

0408 =

7B:04

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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0409 =

29:05

040A =

6F:06

040B =

73:07

040C =

FF:08

040D =

7D:09 Press 'CR' key to have the same address

040E =

09:90 Press 'ESC' Key to abort the command

III YEAR

8051>E
EDIT (R,B,M,P,D)B - BITS
Enter STA address = 00
00 = 0:1
01= 0:1
02 = 0:0
03 = 0:1
03 = 1:
03 = 1:
02 = 0:

8051>E
EDIT (R,B,M,P,D)R- REGISTERS
ACC = 00:33
PSW = 00:44
DPH = 00:55
DPL = 00:00
DPL = 00:00

8051>E
EDIT (R,B,M,P,D)-P = PROGRAM CODE
8000 = FF:78
8001 = FF:10
8002 = FF:79
ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

8003 = FF:20
8004 = FF:7A
8005 = FF: 12
8007 = FF : 00
8008 = FF : 03
8009 = FF : 0F

8051>E
EDIT (R,B,M,P,D)-M - INTERNAL RAM
0000 = 00 : 12
0001 = 00 : 34
0002 = 00 : 00

DISPLAY COMMAND

8051>D
EDIT (R,B,M,P,D)-EXTERNAL DATA RAM

Enter STA address = 0400

Enter END address = 040F

0500 55 66 77 88 12 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 04 D7

SETTING BREAK COMMAND :

8051>B
BR _ NO: R
BR_ADD 0000
ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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III YEAR

ERROR! ONLY A BREAKS ALLOWED

8051>B
BR _ NO: 0
ERROR! BREAK NUMBERS MUST BE BETWEEN 1 & 8

CLEAR BREAK COMMAND:

8051>C
BR_N0:A

Clears all the break point set by the user

8051>C
BR_N0:1

Clears the break point number 1

PROGRAMME EXECUTION COMMAND:

8051>G
PROGRAM EXECUTION

ENTER START ADDRESS = 8000

ACC PSW DPH DPL PCH PCL SP B R0 R1 R2 R3 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7

33 44 55 00 10 34 00 00 00 00 00 00

ASSEMBLE MEMORY COMMAND

8051>A
ENTER START ADDRESS = 8000

DISASSEMBLE MEMORY COMMAND

8051>Z
ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

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SRINIVASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE, PERAMBALUR

III YEAR

RESULT:

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1.What is an Interrupt?

Interrupt is a signal send by an external device to the processor so as to request the processor to
perform a particular task or work
2.. What is program counter? How is it useful in program execution?

The program counter keeps track of program execution. To execute a program the starting address of
the program is loaded in program counter. The PC sends out an address to fetch a byte of instruction
from memory and increments its content automatically.
3. Define stack

Stack is a sequence of RAM memory locations defined by the programmer.

ISSUE: 01 REVISION: 00

80