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Optical Excitation: - Consider Ionic Crystals

Optical excitation of ionic crystals occurs when an oscillating electric field causes the positive and negative ions in the crystal lattice to oscillate. This leads to resonance at the natural transverse optical vibration frequency, causing a sharp change in the refractive index and strong reflection of electromagnetic radiation near this frequency. Known as the Reststrahlen effect, it results in the conversion of continuous infrared spectrum into monochromatic radiation and is directly related to the ionicity of the crystal. Real crystals support more complex lattice vibrations in three dimensions, including both acoustic and optical longitudinal and transverse modes.

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28 views

Optical Excitation: - Consider Ionic Crystals

Optical excitation of ionic crystals occurs when an oscillating electric field causes the positive and negative ions in the crystal lattice to oscillate. This leads to resonance at the natural transverse optical vibration frequency, causing a sharp change in the refractive index and strong reflection of electromagnetic radiation near this frequency. Known as the Reststrahlen effect, it results in the conversion of continuous infrared spectrum into monochromatic radiation and is directly related to the ionicity of the crystal. Real crystals support more complex lattice vibrations in three dimensions, including both acoustic and optical longitudinal and transverse modes.

Uploaded by

RaqibAhsan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Optical Excitation

Consider ionic crystals.


q

q
C

Consider x-directed propagating transverse electric field.


The electric field will force the atoms to oscillate at frequency 0.

2u2 n
Ct u2 n 1 u2 n 1 2u2 n qE0 e i0t
2
t
2u2 n 1
Ct u2 n 2 u2 n 2u2 n 1 qE0 e i0t
F2 n 1 M
2
t
F2 n m

Solutions
Replacing the solutions in the equations of motion

2C m u
C 1 e u
2
0

2n

Ct 1 e i 2 ka u2 n 1 qE0 e i0t

i 2 ka

2n

2C M 02 u2 n 1 qE0 e i0t

Assume k = 0, so that

e i 2 ka 1
Simplification:

2C m u 2C u
2C u 2C M u
2
0

2n

t 2 n 1

2
0

t 2n

qE0 e i0t

2 n 1

qE0 e i0t
3

Solutions
u2 n

qE0 / m i0t
e
02 2 (0)

u2 n 1

qE0 / M i0t
e
02 2 (0)

+(0) is the transverse optical mode frequency for k = 0

(0)

2Ct (m M )
mM

Resonance
0 (0)
Mathematically, the amplitude of oscillation becomes infinite at
resonance.
Reradiation: Accelerated charges radiate electromagnetic energy
strong reradiation of energy at the excitation frequency.

Reflections
Electromagnetic signals with frequency near resonance exhibit
reflection from the crystal.
Thi
This behavior
b h i can be
b explained
l i d from
f
the
th change
h
off the
th index
i d off
refraction
Dielectric constant Dipole moment
Oscillation amplitude
Refractive index is determined by the dielectric constant and
will experience a sharp change near resonance.
Continuous spectrum infrared radiation can be converted into
monochromatic by multiple reflections Forbidden band.
6

Reststrahlen Effect
The radiation by the ionic substance is called Reststrahlen effect
Observed only in crystals in which the atoms of the lattice
are ionized.
i i d
Direct measure of the ionicity of the crystal.
Stronger in NaCl than in GaAs.

Three-Dimensions
A real crystal expands in all three dimensions Lattice
vibrations become more complex.

i kR t

uR (t ) Ae

Two types of vibrations:


Acoustic
Longitudinal
Transverse
Optical
Longitudinal
Transverse
9

Class Test 1
23 May 2012
Syllabus: Lectures 114
4

10

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