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Energy Analysis of Real Rankine Cycle: Thermodynamics - II

The document discusses deviations of actual vapor power cycles from ideal Rankine cycles. It covers three main points: 1) Actual cycles differ from ideal cycles due to irreversibilities from fluid friction and heat loss in components. Isentropic efficiencies are used to measure these deviations. 2) Property diagrams involving entropy, such as T-S and h-s diagrams, can be used to analyze heat transfer, work, and irreversibilities in steady flow devices. 3) Isentropic efficiencies of turbines and compressors/pumps are defined based on a comparison of the actual process to an ideal isentropic process on h-s diagrams. This allows quantification of irreversibilities.

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28 views8 pages

Energy Analysis of Real Rankine Cycle: Thermodynamics - II

The document discusses deviations of actual vapor power cycles from ideal Rankine cycles. It covers three main points: 1) Actual cycles differ from ideal cycles due to irreversibilities from fluid friction and heat loss in components. Isentropic efficiencies are used to measure these deviations. 2) Property diagrams involving entropy, such as T-S and h-s diagrams, can be used to analyze heat transfer, work, and irreversibilities in steady flow devices. 3) Isentropic efficiencies of turbines and compressors/pumps are defined based on a comparison of the actual process to an ideal isentropic process on h-s diagrams. This allows quantification of irreversibilities.

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samhameed2
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Thermodynamics - II

Lecture 3
Energy Analysis of Real Rankine
Cycle (Ch-10)

Zia Ud Din

DEVIATION OF ACTUAL VAPOR POWER


CYCLES FROM IDEALIZED ONES
The actual vapor power cycle differs from the ideal Rankine cycle as a
result of irreversibilities in various components.
Fluid friction and heat loss to the surroundings are the two common
sources of irreversibilities.
Isentropic efficiencies

(a) Deviation of actual vapor power cycle from the ideal Rankine cycle.
(b) The effect of pump and turbine irreversibilities on the ideal Rankine cycle.

(Ch 7-5) PROPERTY DIAGRAMS INVOLVING


ENTROPY
On a T-S
diagram, the
area under the
process curve
represents the
heat transfer for
internally
reversible
processes.
For adiabatic steady-flow
devices, the vertical distance
h on an h-s diagram is a
measure of work, and the
horizontal distance s is a
measure of irreversibilities.
Mollier diagram: The h-s diagram

(Ch 7-12) ISENTROPIC


EFFICIENCIES OF
STEADY-FLOW DEVICES
The isentropic process involves no
irreversibilities and serves as the ideal
process for adiabatic devices.

Isentropic
Efficiency
of
Turbines

The h-s diagram for


the actual and
isentropic
processes of an
adiabatic turbine.

(Ch 7-12) Isentropic Efficiencies of Compressors and

Pumps

When kinetic and


potential energies
are negligible

For a
pump

Compressors
are sometimes
intentionally
cooled to
minimize the
work input.

The h-s diagram of the actual and


isentropic processes of an
adiabatic compressor.
5

Example 10-2

Example 10-2

Example 10-2

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