Open Source

Technology in Web and Internet Application

Content

Definition of Open Source

Criteria of Open Source
Licensing on Open Source
Examples of Open Source Software
Advantages and Disadvantages
GNU Project
Java Technology Overview

What is Open Source?

Open source is a term for software source code
provided by the developer to the public in order
to learn how it works, modified or further
developed and disseminated.
open source as a development model promotes
a) universal access via free license to a
product's design or blueprint, and
b) universal redistribution of that design or
blueprint, including subsequent improvements
to it by anyone

What is Open Source?

The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is a nonprofit corporation with global scope formed to
educate about and advocate for the benefits of
open source and to build bridges among
different constituencies in the open source
community.

What is Open Source?

Criteria of Open Source

Open Source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The
distribution terms of Open Source software must comply with the
following criteria:
Free Redistribution
The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away
the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution
containing programs from several different sources. The license shall
not require a royalty or other fee for such sale.
Source Code
The program must include source code, and must allow distribution
in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a
product is not distributed with source code, there must be a wellpublicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a
reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet
without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a
programmer would modify the program.

Criteria of Open Source

Derived Works
The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow
them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original
software.
Integrity of The Author's Source Code
The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified
form only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source
code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must
explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The
license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number
from the original software.
No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups
The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.
No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a
specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from
being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research.

Criteria of Open Source

Distribution of License
The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is
redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those
parties.
License Must Not Be Specific to a Product
The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's being
part of a particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that
distribution and used or distributed within the terms of the program's license,
all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as
those that are granted in conjunction with the original software distribution.
License Must Not Restrict Other Software
The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed
along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that
all other programs distributed on the same medium must be open-source
software.
License Must Be Technology-Neutral
No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology
or style of interface.

Licensing on Open Source

Open Source

Richard Stallman thinks

that software is something
that should be constantly
modified.

Copyright System

Then Open Source license

developed. with the
licensing system makes
Open Source as an
alternative to the
development of a computer
program that has the legal
power.

Licensing on Open Source

The GNU-GPL, GNU General Public License.
With the GPL license, means a program can be used,
modified, distributed by the other party without any
restriction from the owner.

The BSD License, Berkeley Software Distribution

License.
This license comparatively have fewer limitations on
what can be done by the developer. Includes can
create a derivative work that is proprietary.

The Artistic.
Is the license used by Perl. This license to modify
some aspects that are controversial in the GPL. This
license prohibits the sale of software, but allow the
inclusion of any other program that is sold.

The MPL, Mozilla Public License.

This license is used by Netscape when releasing
source code browser Netscape. Also allows the
developers to create a derivative work that is
proprietary.

Examples of Open Source Software

Drupal
Content management systems (CMSs) provide a
collaborative environment for social networking
sites, corporate Web sites, intranets, community
portals, e-commerce applications and discussion
sites. Drupal is a CMS that allows communities to
publish, share and manage a variety of content on
a Web server. Communities range from a few
users to tens of thousands. Drupal is modular and
has dozens of add-ons that enhance its
functionality and appeal, such as blogs, forums,
newsletters, podcasting, photos, file uploading and
downloading, collaborative authoring and ecommerce.

Examples of Open Source Software

content management system (CMS)
is a computer program that
allows publishing, editing and
modifying content as well as
maintenance from a central interface.
Such systems of content
management provide procedures to
manage workflow in a collaborative
environment.

Examples of Open Source Software

SugarCRM
If you'd like to use a customer relationship
management (CRM) software suite with a
disruptive engineering and marketing model,
SugarCRM is for you. The SugarCRM team takes
a unique approach to enterprise software
marketing: You get the product to use, and when
you need advanced functionality, you engage
SugarCRM for a commercial relationship. The
company puts its money and effort into building
the product, not marketing or sales efforts. This
model has propelled "Sugar" into being the world's
leading open source CRM product.

Examples of Open Source Software

Examples of Open Source Software

MySQL
MySQL, now owned by Oracle, is the world's most
popular open source database software. It's
available for almost any operating system, and it is
drag-and-drop-capable with no modifications from
one platform to another. MySQL powers business
applications, Internet sites and enterprise tools,
such as Zenoss. It competes with the mostexpensive commercial relational database systems.

~Open Source~
Open Cola
cola soft drinks, similar to Coca-Cola and Pepsi, whose recipe is
open source and developed by volunteers. The taste is said to be
comparable to that of the standard beverages. Most corporations
producing beverages hold their formulas as closely guarded
secrets.

Android is an operating system based on the Linux kernel, and

designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such
as smartphones and tablet computers. Initially developed by
Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later bought in
2005, Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of
the Open Handset Alliancea consortium of hardware, software,
and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open
standards for mobile devices.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages
Extra cost-free
Open source liberates us from the license fee because it
is GNU / GPL (General Public License) which actually
allows us to use, learn and modify and disseminate to
the public.

Gives you the power to control your softwares

code. You have the right to modify the code to suit
your requirements.
Anyone can easily modify the code of software to
produce a new featured software from existing one
or to reduce the functionalities of existing one.
Knowledge Transfer
In the Open Source development community, any skilled
individual can contribute to projects in many ways.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Disadvantages
Just as development is free and encouraged in open
source, it is also not compulsory. Closed source
software companies pay salaries to people to
develop the software and therefore development is
pretty much guaranteed.
No guarantee of updates since you are not paying
for the open source software nobody is bound to
give you regular updates. You can get stuck with
the same old version for years without ever getting
an update.
No warranties regarding to viruses and
performance.
No one is bound with you for maintenance and
support like as legal software vendor, if any error
in working of software occurs.

GNU Project
The GNU Project is a free software, mass
collaboration project, announced on 27
September 1983, by Richard Stallman at MIT.
Its aim is to give computer users freedom and
control in their use of their computers and
computing devices, by collaboratively
developing and providing software that is based
on the following freedom rights: users are free
to run the software, share it (copy, distribute),
study it and modify it. GNU software
guarantees these freedom-rights legally (via its
license), and is therefore free software; the use
of the word "free" always being taken to refer
to freedom.
Stallman decided to call this operating system GNU (a recursive acronym meaning
"GNU's not Unix"), basing its design on that of Unix; however, in contrast to Unix
which was proprietary software, GNU was to be freedom-respecting software (free
software) that users can use, share, study and modify.

GNU Project

The name "Linux" comes from the

name of the manufacturer, which was
introduced in 1991 by Linus Torvalds.
The system, tools and system libraries
usually come from the GNU operating
system, announced in 1983 by Richard
Stallman. The GNU contribution is the
basis of the emergence of an alternative
name GNU / Linux.

GNU Project
Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run, copy,
distribute, study, change and improve the software. More
precisely, it refers to four kinds of freedom, for the users of
the software:
1. The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
2. The freedom to study how the program works, and
adapt it to your needs Access to the source code is a
precondition for this.
3. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help
your neighbour
4. The freedom to improve the program, and release
your improvements to the public, so that the whole
community benefits . Access to the source code is a
precondition for this.

Java Technology Overview

Java is a programming language and computing platform first released

by Sun Microsystems in 1995 (which has since merged into Oracle
Corporation).
The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but has
fewer low-level facilities than either of them.

Java Technology Overview

Runs on more than 850 million personal computers worldwide, and on
billions of devices worldwide, including mobile and TV devices.
There are lots of applications and websites that won't work unless you have
Java installed.
Java is fast, secure, and reliable because the byte code is executed under
Java Runtime Environment (JRE), which has several Security related
checking.
It is understandable by Java Virtual Machine only.

Java Technology Overview

Java technology is both a programming language and a platform.

The Java Programming
In the Java programming language, all source code is first written in
plain text files ending with the .java extension.
Those source files are then compiled into .class files by
the javac compiler (the Java compiler, which converts source code
into Java bytecode).
A .class file does not contain code that is native to your processor; it
instead contains bytecodes, the machine language of the Java Virtual
Machine (JVM).

Java Technology Overview

Because the JVM is available on many different operating systems, the

same .class files are capable of running on Microsoft Windows, Solaris
OS, Linux, or Mac OS.

Java Technology Overview

The Java Platform
A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program runs.
Most platforms can be described as a combination of the operating system and
underlying hardware.

Java Technology Overview

The Java platform has two components:

The Java Virtual Machine

The Java Application Programming Interface (API)

The Java Virtual Machine (JVM): it's the base for the Java platform and is
ported onto various hardware-based platforms.
JVM is a platform-independent execution environment that converts
Java bytecode into machine language and executes it.
The API is a large collection of ready-made software components that
provide many useful capabilities.
The official core Java API, contained in the Java Development Kit
(JDK) or Java Runtime Environment (JRE), of one of the editions of
the Java Platform.
The several editions of the Java Platform are Java ME (Micro edition), Java
SE (Standard edition), and Java EE (Enterprise edition).

Java Technology Overview

Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)

Is the industry standard for enterprise Java computing.

Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)

Designed to enable you to develop secure, portable, highperformance applications for the widest range of computing
platforms possible.

Java Micro Edition (Java ME)

Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME) is used by a vast number

of Java mobile phone developers, carriers, and OEMs (original
equipment manufacturer) to create feature phone products around
the globe

Java Technology Overview

JavaFX

An advanced Java user interface (UI) platform for enterprise

business applications.
By using Java for both the server and client side of their
applications, developers can decrease risk significantly by
reducing the complexity of their business solutions.

Java Embedded

Provide real-time, high-performance capabilities that allow

you to securely access resources while protecting your data.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software

http://opensource.org/osd
http://www.gnu.org/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Project
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/getStarted/intro/definition.html
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/J/JVM.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(software_platform)