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Restricted Earth Fault

Restricted earth fault (REF) protection is used to detect earth faults within a restricted zone, such as a transformer winding, more sensitively than differential protection. The REF relay measures current flowing to earth from the protected equipment's frame and will trip if it exceeds a preset threshold, isolating faults inside the zone while not tripping for faults outside the zone. REF protection is applied to transformers and generators to detect ground faults on a given winding.

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Mahesh Janakiraman
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111 views1 page

Restricted Earth Fault

Restricted earth fault (REF) protection is used to detect earth faults within a restricted zone, such as a transformer winding, more sensitively than differential protection. The REF relay measures current flowing to earth from the protected equipment's frame and will trip if it exceeds a preset threshold, isolating faults inside the zone while not tripping for faults outside the zone. REF protection is applied to transformers and generators to detect ground faults on a given winding.

Uploaded by

Mahesh Janakiraman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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A restricted earth fault (REF) means an earth fault form a restricted / localized zone for a circuit

The term REF protection method means not to sense any earth faults outside this restricted
zone.
REF is a type of Unit protection.
This protection is applied to transformers or generators.
This protection is more sensitive than the differential protection.
The relay works by measuring the actual current flowing to the earth from the frame of the unit,
if that current exceeds a certain preset maximum value of milliamps(mA) then the relay will trip
to cut off the power supply to the unit.
Differential protection can also be used to protect the windings of a transformer by comparing
the current in the power supplys neutral wire with the current in the phase wire If the currents
are equal then the differential protection relay will not operate if there is a current imbalance
then the differential protection relay operated. However , REF protection is also applied to
transformers in order to detect ground faults on a given winding much more sensitively than
differential protection can do.
Restricted earth fault protection is used to protect a specific zone
REF should not trip for a fault outside of the that zone ( Usually limited to a transformer, and
possible extending to low side , high side and tertiary breakers)

trip fonot trip for a fault outside of that zone


(usually limited to a transformer, and
r a fault outside of that zone (usually limited to a
transformer, and
ted to a transformer, and

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