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Chapter 8

This document discusses pronouns and pronoun case. It defines pronouns as words used in place of nouns and case as the form pronouns take in sentences. There are subjective and objective pronoun cases. Subjective pronouns are used as subjects, like "I dance." Objective pronouns are used as objects, like "We saw her." The document provides charts of subjective and objective pronoun forms and provides techniques for determining pronoun case, including considering compound elements and whether "he/she" or "him/her" can substitute. It also discusses pronoun agreement, with pronouns matching antecedents in person, number, and gender. Pronoun reference must also be clear about what antecedent

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508 views18 pages

Chapter 8

This document discusses pronouns and pronoun case. It defines pronouns as words used in place of nouns and case as the form pronouns take in sentences. There are subjective and objective pronoun cases. Subjective pronouns are used as subjects, like "I dance." Objective pronouns are used as objects, like "We saw her." The document provides charts of subjective and objective pronoun forms and provides techniques for determining pronoun case, including considering compound elements and whether "he/she" or "him/her" can substitute. It also discusses pronoun agreement, with pronouns matching antecedents in person, number, and gender. Pronoun reference must also be clear about what antecedent

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 8

Pronouns

Pronouns and Pronoun Case


A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun.
Case is the form a pronoun takes as it fills a
position in a sentence.

Subjective Pronouns
Subjective-case pronouns are I, he, and she
(singular) and we and they (plural). Who can be
either singular or plural.
Subjective case pronouns can fill subject positions.
We dance in the park.
It was she who spoke.
[referring back to and meaning the same as the
subject]
Others are in incompletely stated clauses (signaled
by than or as)

Objective
Objective-case
pronouns Pronouns
are me, him, and her
(singular) and us and them (plural). Whom can be
either singular or plural.
Objective-case pronouns fill object positions.
We saw her in the library. [object of a verb]

They gave the results to us. [object of a


preposition]

CASE

Subjective

Objective

Singular

I, he, she

Me, him, her

Plural

We, they

Us, them

WHO

WHOM

Three Techniques for Deciding Which


Pronoun Case to Use
If you have a compound element (such as a
subject or an object of a preposition), consider
only the pronoun part.
They will visit you and (I, me).
[Consider: They will visit me.]

Three Techniques for Deciding Which Pronoun


Case to Use
To determine if you need to use who or whom, ask
yourself if he/she OR him/her will work as a
substitute.
He/she = who
Him/her = whom

Three Techniques for Deciding Which


Pronoun Case to Use
Lets is made up of the words let and us and
means You let us; therefore, when you select a
pronoun to follow it, consider the two original
words and select another object wordme.
Lets you and me go to town.

EXERCISE 1 pg. 122

Pronoun Agreement
A pronoun agrees with its antecedent
in person, number, and gender.

Pronoun Agreement
Avoid needless shifting in person, which means
shifting in point of view, such as from I to you.
I was having trouble. You could see disaster
ahead.
Change to I was having trouble. I could see
disaster ahead.

Pronoun Agreement
Most problems with pronoun-antecedent
agreement involve number. The principles are
simple: If the antecedent (the word the pronoun
refers back to) is singular, use a singular pronoun.
If the antecedent is plural, use a plural pronoun.
Roger forgot his notebook.
Many students cast their votes.
Someone lost his or her [not their] book.

Pronoun Agreement
The pronoun should agree with its antecedent in
gender, if the gender of the antecedent is specific.
Masculine and feminine pronouns are genderspecific: he, him, she, her. Others are neuter: I, we,
me, us, it, they, them, who, whom, that, which.

Pronoun Agreement
The words who and whom refer to people. That can
refer to ideas, things, and people but usually does
not refer to individuals. Which refers to ideas and
things but not to people. To avoid a perceived sex
bias, you can use he or she or his or her instead of
just he or his; however, many writers simply make
antecedents and pronouns plural.
Everyone should revise his or her composition carefully.
Students should revise their compositions carefully.

EXERCISE 5 pg. 130

Pronoun Reference
A pronoun must refer clearly to its antecedent.
Because a pronoun is a substitute word, it can
express meaning clearly and definitely only if its
antecedent is easily identified.

EXERCISE 7 pg. 133

Weekly Assignment

EXERCISE 2 pg. 123


EXERCISE 6 pg. 131

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