CIRT, Bhopal

Turbo machinery (ME 502)

Tutorial/Assignment Sheet 4 (Water Turbine)
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What is the purpose of draft tube. List it with neat sketch.

Classify hydraulic turbines. Compare the impulse and reaction turbine.
Discuss various heads and efficiencies involved in Hydraulic turbines.
Explain briefly in what way a hydraulic reaction turbine differs fundamentally from an impulse turbine.
Obtain an expression for the work done per second by water turbine on the runner of a Pelton wheel.
Explain the characteristic features of the cup of a pelton wheel. What are the limitations in keeping the
deflection angle of the cup as 1800?
7. Explain the term specific speed, unit speed and unit power as applied to hydraulic turbines. Deduce
expressions to indicate their values.
8. Explain the phenomena of cavitation in hydraulic turbines.
9. A pelton wheel has a water supply rate of 5 m3/s at a head of 256 m and runs at 500 rpm. Assuming a turbine
efficiency of 0.85, a coefficient of velocity for nozzle as 0.985, speed ratio of 0.46, calculate- (i) the power
output, (ii) the specific speed, (iii) the number of jets, (iv) the diameter of wheel, (v) the number of Pelton
cups, (vi) the cup dimensions.
10. A Pelton wheel is required to develop 9000 kW when working under a head of 300 meter. The impeller may
rotate at 500 rpm. Assuming the jet ratio as 10 and overall efficiency = 85%, calculate the following: (i)
quantity of water required, (ii) diameter of the wheel, (iii) number of jets, (iv) diameter of jet, (v) number and
size of bucket vanes on the runner.
11. A pipeline 1200 m long supplies water to 3 single jet Pelton wheels. The head above the nozzle is 360 m.
The velocity coefficient for the nozzle is 0.98 and the coefficient for the pipeline is 0.02. the turbine efficiency
based on the head at the nozzle is 0.85. The specific speed of each turbine is 17.8 and the head loss due to
friction in the pipeline is 12 m of water. If the operating speed of each turbine is 560 rpm, determine: (i) power
developed, (ii) diameter of each nozzle, (iii) diameter of the pipeline, (iv) volume of water used per second.
12. The following data were obtained from a test on a Pelton wheel: (i) head on the base of the nozzle = 32 m, (ii)
discharge of the nozzle = 0.18 m3/s, (iii) area of the jet = 7500 sq. mm, (iv) power available at the shaft = 44
kW, (v) mechanical efficiency=94 %. Calculate the power lost (i) in the nozzle (ii) in the runner and (iii) in
mechanical friction.
13. A Pelton wheel is having a mean bucket diameter of 1 m and is running at 1000 rpm. The net head on the
Pelton wheel is 700m. If the side clearance angle is 150 and discharge through nozzle is 0.1 m3/s, find: (i)
power available at the nozzle, (ii) hydraulic efficiency of the turbine.
14. A radially inward flow reaction turbine working under a head of 9 m and running at 200 rpm develops 175 kW.
The speed ratio and flow ratio are 0.9 and 0.3 respectively. Find: (i) the inner diameter of the runner, (ii) the
width of wheel at inlet, (iii) the guide blade angle at the inlet, (iv) the inlet vane angle.
15. An electricity generating installation uses a Francis turbine with a rotational speed of 1260 rpm. The net head
across the turbine is 124 m and the volume flow rate is 0.5 m3/s. The radius of runner is 0.6 m, the height of
the runner vanes at inlet is 0.03 m and the angle of the inlet guide vanes is set at 72 0 from the radial
direction. Assuming that the absolute flow velocity is radial at the exit, find the torque and power exerted by
the water. Calculate the hydraulic efficiency.
16. The hub diameter of a Kaplan turbine working under a head of 12 m is 0.35 times the diameter of the runner.
The turbine running at 100 rpm. If the vane angle of the extreme edge of runner at outlet is 150 and flow ratio
0.6, find: (i) diameter of runner, (ii) diameter of the boss, (iii) discharge through runner. Assume velocity of
whirl at outlet is zero.
17. A Kaplan turbine produces 58, 860 kW under a head of 25 m with an overall efficiency of 90%. Taking the
value of speed ratio Ku as 1.6, flow ratio ( ) as 0.5 and the hub diameter as 0.35 times the outer diameter,
find the diameter and speed of the turbine.
18. Determine the diameter, speed, specific speed, guide angle and runner vane angle ( at mean radius) of a
Kaplan turbine to develop 12000 kW of power under a head of 5 m. Assume speed ratio = 2.08, flow ratio =
0.625, ratio of hub to runner diameter = 1/3, overall efficiency = 90% and hydraulic efficiency = 95%.