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Assignment 05

This document summarizes different types of graphic file formats. It discusses the differences between raster and vector images. Raster images store color values for each pixel, so they become blurry when zoomed in, while vector images store graphic objects and can be redrawn at any size without quality loss. Common raster formats are GIF, JPEG, PNG and TIFF. GIF is best for simple images while JPEG works well for photos. Vector formats include formats used by programs like Illustrator and Flash, which store graphic objects like lines and shapes through attributes. A newer vector format is Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG).

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98 views3 pages

Assignment 05

This document summarizes different types of graphic file formats. It discusses the differences between raster and vector images. Raster images store color values for each pixel, so they become blurry when zoomed in, while vector images store graphic objects and can be redrawn at any size without quality loss. Common raster formats are GIF, JPEG, PNG and TIFF. GIF is best for simple images while JPEG works well for photos. Vector formats include formats used by programs like Illustrator and Flash, which store graphic objects like lines and shapes through attributes. A newer vector format is Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG).

Uploaded by

api-271213642
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graphics

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RASTER AND VECTOR IMAGES


The first classification method divides images into either raster or vector graphics.
Raster graphics, also called bitmap graphics, refer to images where the color value
of each pixel is stored. Examples of programs that operate on raster graphics are
Microsoft Paint and Adobe Photoshop. Vector graphics refer to graphic images
where the graphics are stored as objects (e.g., lines, ovals, and rectangles).
Examples of programs that operate on vector graphics are Microsoft Word, Adobe
Illustrator, and Macromedia Flash.
With raster images, as they are zoomed or magnified they become blurry, unclear,
or pixilated. Vector images, on the other hand, appear clear regardless of how
many times they are zoomed, since they are redrawn at the appropriate resolution.
See examples of zooming in on raster and vector images. Furthermore, the
information in raster images cannot be easily edited or searched since they simply
contain the color value of each pixel needed to display the image. Vector images,
however, are typically stored in plain text format which makes them easier to be
read and modified by software applications. At the same time, since vector images
are stored in plain text format they can be more easily indexed and searched.
Raster Formats
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format. GIF is a raster image format this is widely
used on the Web. Files stored using this format are limited to 8 bits/pixel or 256
colors. The GIF format works well on line drawings and simple cartoons. The
LZW compression algorithm is used which was patented in the USA by Unisys.
(This patent expired in the USA in 2003).
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group. JPEG is a standardized raster format
that works well on natural, real-world scenes like photographs, naturalistic
artwork. This format stores full color information 24 bits/pixel (16 million
colors). JPEG is the most commonly used format for storing and displaying
photographic images on the Web.
A comparison of GIF and JPEG formats illustrates that with real-world scenes the
quality of the JPEG images is superior to the GIF images. At the same time the
JPEG images require less storage space. On the other hand, notice that with line
drawings, the GIF images require less storage space and result in a sharper
picture.
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Graphics
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) - PNG is standardized raster format created as
an alternative to GIF. PNG is supported by all major graphics software and is now
very widely used. It has become an open file format standard.
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) - TIFF is a raster file format for digital images.
It is owned by Adobe Systems and is supported by most image scanning and
editing software. TIFF is a de-facto standard graphics format for high color depth
(32-bit) graphics.
Vector Formats
Microsoft Word, Adobe Illustrator, and Macromedia Flash are some examples of
applications that operate on vector images. These applications store images as
objects (e.g., lines, ovals, and rectangles). For example, depending on the
application, the yellow circle shown below might be stored using the following
attributes.
fill-color:
yellow
line-color: black
line-style:
solid
line-weight: 3 pt
height:
0.75"
width:
0.75
rotation:
0 degrees
transparency: 0 percent
Another approach that is starting to gain momentum is Scalable Vector Graphics
(SVG). SVG is an open source, XML grammar for defining vector-based 2D
graphics for the Web. SVG uses geometrical primitives such as points, lines,
curves, and polygons to represent images in computer graphics. Like Flash, in
order to view SVG documents in your browser, you must first install a viewer.
Unfortunately very few people currently have the SVG plug-in or viewer
installed.

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Graphics

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