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    Laplace Fourier Relationship

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    nakasob
    The document summarizes key concepts relating to Laplace transforms, Fourier transforms, and their application to analyzing RC circuits. Specifically: 1) The frequency response of an RC circuit is 1/(1+jωRC) and its impulse response is (1/RC)e-t/RC, indicating a pole on the real axis of the s-plane at -1/RC. 2) Fourier transforms and Laplace transforms are effectively the same when σ = 0, which corresponds to the jω axis of the s-plane. 3) Pole positions on the s-plane are closely related to the frequency response of a system, and the s-plane provides the best representation for understanding system behavior and

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Laplace Fourier Relationship

    Uploaded by

    nakasob
    10K views17 pages
    The document summarizes key concepts relating to Laplace transforms, Fourier transforms, and their application to analyzing RC circuits. Specifically: 1) The frequency response of an RC circuit is 1/(1+jωRC) and its impulse response is (1/RC)e-t/RC, indicating a pole on the real axis of the s-plane at -1/RC. 2) Fourier transforms and Laplace transforms are effectively the same when σ = 0, which corresponds to the jω axis of the s-plane. 3) Pole positions on the s-plane are closely related to the frequency response of a system, and the s-plane provides the best representation for understanding system behavior and

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    The document summarizes key concepts relating to Laplace transforms, Fourier transforms, and their application to analyzing RC circuits. Specifically: 1) The frequency response of an RC circuit is 1/(1+jωRC) and its impulse response is (1/RC)e-t/RC, indicating a pole on the real axis of the s-plane at -1/RC. 2) Fourier transforms and Laplace transforms are effectively the same when σ = 0, which corresponds to the jω axis of the s-plane. 3) Pole positions on the s-plane are closely related to the frequency response of a system, and the s-plane provides the best representation for understanding system behavior and

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    10K views17 pages

    Laplace Fourier Relationship

    Uploaded by

    nakasob
    The document summarizes key concepts relating to Laplace transforms, Fourier transforms, and their application to analyzing RC circuits. Specifically: 1) The frequency response of an RC circuit is 1/(1+jωRC) and its impulse response is (1/RC)e-t/RC, indicating a pole on the real axis of the s-plane at -1/RC. 2) Fourier transforms and Laplace transforms are effectively the same when σ = 0, which corresponds to the jω axis of the s-plane. 3) Pole positions on the s-plane are closely related to the frequency response of a system, and the s-plane provides the best representation for understanding system behavior and

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Summary of Last Day

     Systems with feedback


    have damped sinusoids
    in impulse response
     Showed how Laplace
    could be used to identify
    imaginary axis (jω)

    X X

    X
    damped sinusoids and
    X
    X
    0
    X

    X
    unstable systems
    Real Axis (σ)

    X X

    X
    Fourier a Subset of Laplace
     Fourier and Laplace very similar
     In fact when σ = 0, Fourier and
    Laplace almost identical

    ∞
    H (ω ) = ∫ h(t )e − jωt dt
    −∞
    ∞
    H ( s ) = ∫ h(t )e − st dt , where s = σ + jω
    0
    Fourier view of RC circuit
     The frequency response H(ω ) of the series
    RC circuit is 1/(1+jω RC)
     Can show this using reactance/impedance
    methods
     OR By
     Taking Fourier Transform of differential equation
    relating time-domain inputs and outputs of the
    RC circuit, given by
    vR
    dvo (t )
    vi (t ) = vo (t ) + RC
    R

    dt
    vi C vo
    Frequency Response of RC circuit
    Frequency Response dependent upon product of R and C
    20log
    10
    |H(ω)|

    RC=0.7
    -5

    -10
    RC=1

    -15

    -20 RC=3

    -25

    -30
    10
    -2 -1
    10
    0
    10 10
    1
    Radians/second
    Frequency Response of RC circuit
    Frequency Response dependent upon product of R and C

    20log
    10
    (|H(ω)|)
    0

    -5

    -10 RC=0.7

    -15
    RC=1

    -20

    RC=3
    -25

    -30
    0 2 4 6 8 10

    Radians/second
    Impulse Response of RC circuit - time
    domain
     It has already been shown the the frequency
    response of the RC circuit is given by H(ω ) = 1/
    (1+jω RC)
     Using Fourier Transform tables it can then be
    shown that the impulse response of an RC circuit is
    h(t)=(1/RC) e-t/RC

     The impulse response of the RC circuit can be


    though of as a damped sinusoid with a frequency
    of zero. This implies that a pole exists on s-plane.
     Where is the pole situated on the s-plane?
    (Next slide may help)
    Pole position relationship with impulse
    response

    imaginary axis (jω)

    X X

    X
    X
    X
    0
    X X
    Real Axis (σ)

    X X

    X
    Pole Position for RC circuit
     The impulse response of the RC circuit is
    h(t)=e-t/RC
     There is no oscillating frequency
    component, so ω =0. The pole is therefore
    be positioned on the real axis of the
    simplified s-plane representation.
    1 1
    H(s) =
     Proof: RC (s + 1/RC)
     Pole occurs when |H(s)| = ∞, i.e. s = -1/RC
     No imaginary term
     Pole always on LHS of s-plane since R and C
    always positive (System stable or unstable?)
    Pole Position for RC circuit – simplified
    s-plane (pole zero plot)
    imaginary axis (jω)

    X 0
    -1/RC Real Axis (σ)
    Pole Position for RC circuit
    3D view of S-plane
    What is the value
    of RC?
    When are Laplace and Fourier
    effectively the same?

     when σ = 0, Fourier and Laplace almost


    identical
    ∞
    H (ω ) = ∫ h(t )e − jωt
    dt
    −∞
    ∞
    H ( s ) = ∫ h(t )e − st dt , where s = σ + jω
    0

     Where on the S-Plane is σ = 0?


    Pole Position for RC circuit
    3D view of S-plane – RHS removed
    Side View of S-Plane – RC = 3
    RHS of s-plane removed
    Shaded Area shows
    Frequency Response
    of System

    RC =3 for
    Slides 10, 12, 13

    Compare with Slide 5


    Side View of S-Plane – RC = 0.7
    RC =0.7 in these plots
    Compare with Slide 5
    Main Points
     Pole Positions on s-plane and frequency
    response of system closely related.

     Fourier is effectively a subset of Laplace

     Generally a system described in terms of


    H(s) (aka System Transfer Function) – because its
    the ‘best’ representation to understand behaviour of
    the system – Why?
     Shows system stability
     It’s easy enough to get an idea of the frequency
    response.
     With some training it can be easy enough to determine
    the ‘step response’ of a system from H(s)
    More examples with 2 poles
    2 Poles => second order system
    1
    H ( s) =
    ( s + 2 + j )( s + 2 − j )
    S-plane

    Shaded area shows


    Frequency response
    5
    imaginary axis(jω)
    of system

    X
    5
    0
    Real Axis(σ)

    X
    Pole Zero
    Plot -5
    More examples with 2 poles
    2 Poles => second order system
    1
    H (s) =
    ( s + 2 + 0.3 j )( s + 2 − 0.3 j )
    S-plane

    Shaded area shows


    imaginary axis(jω)
    Frequency response
    5 of system

    X
    5
    0
    Real Axis(σ)

    X
    Pole Zero
    Plot
    -5

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