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Lumped Capacitance Method

The lumped capacitance method can be used to analyze the heating or cooling of a solid where the solid's temperature is assumed to be spatially uniform over time. The energy balance equates the rate of heat transfer into the solid to the rate of increase of internal energy. This results in an exponential relationship between the solid's temperature and time that depends on parameters like the Biot and Fourier numbers. The lumped capacitance approximation is valid when the Biot number is low, indicating the solid's internal thermal resistance dominates over the external convective resistance at the boundaries.

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Hany Elsawy Abdelrahman
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169 views1 page

Lumped Capacitance Method

The lumped capacitance method can be used to analyze the heating or cooling of a solid where the solid's temperature is assumed to be spatially uniform over time. The energy balance equates the rate of heat transfer into the solid to the rate of increase of internal energy. This results in an exponential relationship between the solid's temperature and time that depends on parameters like the Biot and Fourier numbers. The lumped capacitance approximation is valid when the Biot number is low, indicating the solid's internal thermal resistance dominates over the external convective resistance at the boundaries.

Uploaded by

Hany Elsawy Abdelrahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.

LUMPED CAPACITANCE METHOD


Energy Balance :

As

The temperature of
the solid is assumed
spatially uniform

net rate of heat transfer

qst

T ,h

into the solid through


its boundaries

T (t )

The temperature is
a function of time only

the internal energy


of the solid

qin

T (t )

rate of increase of
=

h (T T ) As = c p

qin = qst

T
V
t
Biot Number:

Temperature of a solid

T ( t ) = T + (T0 T ) e

as a function of time

h As
t
cp V

T ( t ) = T + (T0 T ) e

T (t )

T ( t ) = T + (T0 T ) e Bi Fo

Fourier Number:

T (t )

Fo =

initial
T0
temperature

c pV
hAs

= c pV

1
hAs

Bi =

Biot Number

Total energy Q [ J ]
transfered to a solid
for time from 0 to t

Time needed to heat


a solid from T0 to

hLc
k

thermal resistance
convection

Bi < 0.1

thermal resistance

Q = qin ( t ) dt = h T T ( t ) As e
Q = c pV (T T0 ) = mc p T

hAs

h As

cp V

dt = c pV (T T0 ) 1 e

h As

cp V

Lc =

V
As

Q [J ]

when t
T

t =

cp V

current temperature T

h As

ln

T T0
T T

T0

Plane Wall

Cylinder
W

c pV

Characteristic
length

Lumped Capacitance is valid for

conduction

1
hAs

L2

The lower is the time constant


the faster is the heating of a solid

thermal
convection
capacitance thermal
resistance

Lc
kAs

Time Constant

Time constant:

T0 >T cooling

T0 <T heating
initial
T0
temperature

hLc
k

Bi =

Sphere

As = dH = 2 rH

As = 2HW

V = LHW
L

V =

d2
4

As = d 2 = 4 r 2
d=2r

H = r2H

V =

d3
6

d=2r

Lc =

L
2

Lc =

d r
=
4 2

Lc =

d r
=
6 3

Bi =

hL
k 2

Bi =

hr
k2

Bi =

hr
k3

4 3
r
3

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