Scribd
Upload
78 views

Numerical Methods in Mechanical Engineering: COURSE CODE 191157710

The document discusses numerical methods for avoiding locking phenomena in finite element analysis. It defines shear locking and volume locking that occur when the displacement field cannot fully approximate the strain field. Methods to address locking include using higher order elements with improved displacement approximations, and reduced integration that uses fewer integration points leading to fewer constraints imposed by the element shape functions. The talk provides examples of shear locking in beam bending and volume locking in rubber deformation to illustrate these locking effects and techniques to mitigate them.

Uploaded by

szzer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
78 views

Numerical Methods in Mechanical Engineering: COURSE CODE 191157710

The document discusses numerical methods for avoiding locking phenomena in finite element analysis. It defines shear locking and volume locking that occur when the displacement field cannot fully approximate the strain field. Methods to address locking include using higher order elements with improved displacement approximations, and reduced integration that uses fewer integration points leading to fewer constraints imposed by the element shape functions. The talk provides examples of shear locking in beam bending and volume locking in rubber deformation to illustrate these locking effects and techniques to mitigate them.

Uploaded by

szzer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

NUMERICAL METHODS

IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COURSE CODE 191157710

SEMH PERDAHCIOLU, RICHARD LOENDERSLOOT

Previous Lectures:
Assembly of system matrix
Boundary conditions and Constraints
Methods to solve large linear system of equations
Direct solvers
Iterative solvers

1/25

Today:
Locking
Shear Locking
Volume locking
Methods to avoid locking
Higher order elements
Reduced integration
Numerical integration using Gauss quadrature

2/25

Locking
Accuracy w.r.t. analytical solution
The ability of the element type to approximate the
correct stiffness of the structure
(In)ability of displacement field to approximate strain field
Locking
Locking is a purely numerical phenomenon !

3/25

Locking
Cook 3.5, figure 3.5.2., p96

4/25

Locking

Types of locking discussed:


Shear locking
Volume locking

Different underlying mechanisms !

5/25

Shear Locking - example


Pure bending of a beam
Moment
Curvature
Span angle

6/25

Analytical solution
elongation:

strains:

7/25

Numerical solution (bi-linear approximation)


displacement field:

strains:

8/25

Shear Locking

Phenomenon: Shear locking


Part of energy spent on shearing
Less energy available for bending deformation
Apparent higher stiffness

Solution?

9/25

Numerical solution (quadratic approximation)


displacement field:

strains:

10/25

Numerical solution (quadratic approximation)


solution:

11/25

Visualization (shear deformation)

Bi-linear element undeformed

Bi-quadratic element undeformed

Bi-linear element deformed

Bi-quadratic element deformed

12/25

Volume Locking - example


Rubber deformed by punch, 2D plane strain
punch
CST mesh

rubber

undeformed

at walls

deformed
13/25

Volume Locking - example

14/25

Volume Locking - example

Volume locking !
15/25

Volume Locking
Solution
What can we change?
Degree of approximation?
Degree of integration
Reduced integration

16/25

Reduced integration
Numerical integration
Gauss quadratures
In natural coordinates
necessary condition for non-rectangular elements
Transformation

17/25

Natural coordinates

18/25

Natural coordinates

19/25

Natural coordinates - example

20/25

Gauss quadrature
integration in natural coordinates

3rd order polynomial:

21/25

Gauss quadrature
approximation of the integral:

2 point Gauss quadrature has 4 d.o.f. :

Exact solution!

22/25

Bi-linear quadrilateral

Reduced integration
23/25

Constraint counting

Measure for locking:

Condition for locking:

Approximation:
Degrees of freedom introduced
Penalty constraints -> integration points
24/25

Constraint counting - example

Element 10
2 d.o.f.
4 i.p. (full integration)
1 i.p. (reduced integration)

25/25

You might also like