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The New Deal - Spring 2011

Franklin D. Roosevelt called for a "New Deal" of aggressive federal government action to address the Great Depression, which his predecessor Herbert Hoover failed to alleviate with a philosophy of "prosperity is just around the corner." The New Deal enacted programs to provide relief for the unemployed, recovery of business and agriculture, and reform to prevent future depressions, including the Social Security system, Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Tennessee Valley Authority, Securities and Exchange Commission, and laws supporting unions. However, the Supreme Court challenged some New Deal programs and Roosevelt unsuccessfully attempted to "pack" the court with more liberal justices supportive of his policies.

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234 views31 pages

The New Deal - Spring 2011

Franklin D. Roosevelt called for a "New Deal" of aggressive federal government action to address the Great Depression, which his predecessor Herbert Hoover failed to alleviate with a philosophy of "prosperity is just around the corner." The New Deal enacted programs to provide relief for the unemployed, recovery of business and agriculture, and reform to prevent future depressions, including the Social Security system, Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps, Tennessee Valley Authority, Securities and Exchange Commission, and laws supporting unions. However, the Supreme Court challenged some New Deal programs and Roosevelt unsuccessfully attempted to "pack" the court with more liberal justices supportive of his policies.

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The New Deal

1932 - 1941

Chapter 22

Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)


called for a New Deal aggressive federal govt action
to address the depression

Herbert Hoover (R)


prosperity is just around the
corner
2

born in New York 1882

attended Harvard
(studied History!) &
Columbia Law School

St. Patrick's Day, 1905,


married Eleanor
Roosevelt (distant cousin
& Teddys niece)

In 1921 (age 39) was


diagnosed with polio never fully recovered
the use of his legs

So hows he doing

FDR depended on
Eleanor

She traveled &


interacted w/ American
people serving as
FDRs eyes & ears

1933 Bonus Army


incident; FDR sends
Eleanor instead of army

Eleanor changed the office of


First Lady from a ceremonial
role to a position of action &
involvement.

offered advice on policy issues

advocated public health &


education, promoted arts,
addressed flood control

gave money she earned to


charity

The country needs and, unless I


mistake its temper, the country
demands bold, persistent
experimentation. It is common
sense to take a method and to
try it. If it fails, admit it frankly
and try another. But above all,
try something!
- FDR 5/22/1932

FDRs programs & legislation that promoted


economic recovery and social reform

3 Goals of the New Deal


1. Relief (for the unemployed)
2. Recovery (of business & agriculture)
3. Reform (to prevent future depressions)

Name: Federal Deposit


Insurance Corporation

Description: insured bank


deposits if bank failed,
depositor would get
money back; helped end
bank runs & restored
publics confidence in
banking industry

Name: Securities &


Exchange Commission

Description: regulates
stock exchanges;
given power to tell
companies what info
must be included in
financial statements

Name: Tennessee Valley


Authority

Description:
built dams on TN River to
provide hydroelectric power,
flood control, & prevent soil
erosion
created jobs & provided
cheap electricity for rural
areas
still functioning today

Name: Civilian
Conservation Corps

Description:

provided jobs for more than 2


million young men (18-25)

replanted forests, built


trails, dug irrigation
ditches & fought fires
paid wages (portion was
sent home to family)

Name: Works Progress


Administration

Description:
headed by Harry Hopkins
employed 8.5 mill. people constructing public works
such as roads, bridges, schools, courthouses,
libraries, hospitals, playgrounds, airfields, etc.
largest New Deal program
included Federal Art, Writers& Theatre Projects

Eleanor Roosevelt's visit to a WPA


Chinese Nursery School in San
Francisco, California

Name: Social Security Act


Description:
provide security in the form of regular
payments to people who could not support
themselves
funded by payroll tax
3 types of payments:
1. old-age pensions
2. unemployment insurance
3. aid for dependent children & disabled

guaranteed unions
collective bargaining
rights

outlawed discrimination
against workers due to
union
membership/activities

set up NLRB to enforce


laws provisions

LA Senator Huey P. Long


criticized New Deal wanted more help for poor

proposed Share Our


Wealth program - high
taxes on wealthy & large
corporations; redistribute
their income to poor

made enemies because


he ruled state of LA like
he owned it 1935
political enemy
assassinated him

Supreme Court challenges the New Deal:


FDR upset by Supreme Court striking down New Deal
programs (AAA)

Roosevelt proposes packing the court:


asked Congress to increase size of Supreme Court (6
more members) why?
stated reason: many justices elderly & overworked;
relieve the burden on them
unstated reason: appt more liberal justices who
would support the New Deal & sway court in FDRs
favor

Critics react to Roosevelts plan:


negative public reaction; bill did not pass
Accused FDR of trying to increase Pres power &
upset balance (separation) of powers

FDR is weakened politically:


FDR lost political support; public less willing to
accept new programs
In long run, Court became more accepting of New
Deal

Review

SEC

WPA

FDIC

CCC

SSA

TVA

Fireside Chat

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