1) 2 3) 4) 5) 6) 7 8) 4-5: Apiston-cylinder device initially contains 0.07 m? of nitrogen gas at 130 kPa and 120° C. The nitrogen is now expanded polytropicaly to a state of 100 kPa and 100° C, Determine the boundary work done during this process in kJ. (Ans. 1.86 + 0.5 kd) 4-9: 1 m?of saturated liquid water at 200° C is expanded isothermally in a closed system until its quality is 80 percent. Determine the total work produced by this expansion, in KJ. (Ans. 135,500 + 1,000 ki) 4-23: An ideal gas undergoes two processes in a piston-cylinder device as follows: Process 1- 2: Polytropic compression from T; and P; with a polytropic exponent n and a compression ratio of r=Vs/V2, Process 2-3: Constant pressure expansion at Ps=Pzuntil Vs= Vs. (a) Sketch the processes on a single P-V diagram. (b) Obtain an expression for the ratio of the compression-to- expansion work as a function of n and r. (c) Find the value of this ratio for values of n=1.4 and =6. (Ans, 0.256 + 0.1) 4-24: A piston-cylinder device contains 50 kg of water at 250 kPa and 25° C. The cross- sectional area of the piston is 0.1 m?. Heat is now transferred to the water, causing part of it to evaporate and expand. When the volume reaches 0.2 m®, the piston reaches a linear spring whose spring constant is 100 kN/m. More heat is transferred to the water until the piston rises 20 cm more. (a) Sketch the process on a P-V diagram. (b) Determine the work done during this process in KJ. (Ans. 44.5 # 1 kd) 4-29: A0.5 m’ rigid tank contains refrigerant-134a initially at 160 kPa and 40 percent quality. Heat is now transferred to the refrigerant until the pressure reaches 700 kPa. (a) Show the process on a P-V diagram. (b) Determine the amount of heat transferred in KJ. (Ans. 2,708 £ 10 7) 2405 4-31: A rigid 10-L vessel initially contains a mixture of liquid water and vapor at 100° C with 12.3 percent quality. The mixture is then heated until its temperature is 150° C. Calculate the heat transfer required for this process in kJ. (Ans. 46.9 + 1 Id) 4-35: A piston-cylinder device initially contains steam at 200 kPa, 200" C, and 0.4 m?. At this state, a linear spring (F « x) is touching the piston but exerts no force on it. Heat is now slowly transferred to the steam, causing the pressure and the volume to rise to 250 kPa and 0.6 m*, respectively. (a) Show the process on a P-V diagram with respect to saturation lines and (b) determine the total heat transferred in KJ, (Ans. 288 + 5 ki) 4-55: Determine the enthalpy change Ah of nitrogen, in ki/kg, as itis heated from 600 to 1000 K, using the empirical specific heat equation as a function of temperature (Table A-2c). (Ans, 447.8 + 1 ki/kg)9) 456: 1+’ of airis contained in the spring-loaded piston-cylinder device shown in figure. The spring constant is 5 Ibf/in, and the piston diameter is 10 in. When no force is exerted by the spring on the piston, the state of the air is 250 psi and 460° F. This device is now cooled until the volume is one-half of its original size, Determine the change in the specific enthalpy of the air in Btu/lbm. (Ans. -110.7 + 5 Btu/lbm) 10) 4-75: A piston-cylinder device, with a set of stops on the top, intially contains 3 kg of air at 200 kPa, and 27° C. Heat is now transferred to the air, and the piston rises until it hits the stops, at which point the volume is twice the initial volume. More heat is transferred until the pressure inside the cylinder also doubles. (a) Determine the amount of heat transfer for this process in Wl. (b) Show the process on a P-V diagram. (Ans. 2,416 #15 ki) 11) 4-120: Nitrogen gas is expanded in a polytropic process with n = 1.25 from 2 MPa and 1200 to 200 kPa ina piston-cylinder device. How much heat is transferred during this expansion process, in ki/kg? (Ans. 197 #5 ki/kg) 12) 4-131: Two rigid tanks are connected by a valve. Tank A contains 0.2 m? of water at 400 kPa and 80 percent quality. Tank B contains 0.5 m? of water at 200 kPa and 250° C. The valve is now opened, and the two tanks eventually come to the same state, Determine the amount of heat transfer in kd, when the system reaches thermal equilibrium with the surrounding at 25° C. (Ans. 2,170 #15 kd) 13) 4-136: An insulated piston-cylinder device initially contains 1.8-kg saturated liquid water at 120° C. Now an electric resistor place in the tank is turned on for 10 min until the volume quadruples. Determine the electrical power rating of the resistor in kW. (Ans. 0.0236 + 0.01 kW) 14) 5-14: _Refrigerant-134a enters a 28-cm-diameter pipe steadily at 200 kPa and 20° C with a velocity of 5 m/s. The refrigerant gains heat as it flows and leaves the pipe at 180 kPa and 40° C. Determine the velocity at the exit of the pipe in m/s. (Ans. 6.02 + 0.5 m/s) 15) 5-22: Steam is leaving a pressure cooker whose operating pressure is 20 psia. It is observed that the amount of liquid in the cooker has decreased by 0.6 gal in 45 minutes after the steady operating conditions are established, and the cross-sectional area of the exit opening is 0.15 in’. Determine the rate at which energy is leaving the cooker by steam in Btu/s. (Ans. 2.04 + 0.5, Btu/s)y Froblem Set 3Chapt. 445 Thermedynanucs | ME 331 45) eee | | Lp In this inversible. pelytiopicate..expansten, the. work clone clung the process can be calculated. by the equation : 2 + We i Pdv Pont 1; Before _ expansion i As y . ] : Point 2: Afler expansion ~» We Know that in_pelytopic. proceges the state velatinship vetween. presi & Volume is: Pee eer poly topical proless ~~ lo fine the integration we need pressure A Volume faat pemty 142, PV, 4 Pov, ,sespectively. Also the Y is unknown. Pix 130_Kfa Po= 100 KR V, = 0.0% mm? Tg = 100-¢ 293K T, = 120 +273. K V2=2