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    Feuille Calcul Gas Pipeline Blowdown Time

    Uploaded by

    Nic Ric
    This document provides equations and an example calculation for estimating the blowdown time of a gas pipeline. It defines the key parameters needed in the equations such as initial and atmospheric pressures, pipe dimensions, gas properties, and valve characteristics. The equations calculate a dimensionless sonic blowdown time and subsonic blowdown time which are then multiplied by a time constant and correction factor to determine the total blowdown time in seconds. An example calculation applies the method to estimate that a 25km, 36" gas pipeline blowing down through an 8" valve would take approximately 12,253 seconds.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Feuille Calcul Gas Pipeline Blowdown Time

    Uploaded by

    Nic Ric
    76 views6 pages
    This document provides equations and an example calculation for estimating the blowdown time of a gas pipeline. It defines the key parameters needed in the equations such as initial and atmospheric pressures, pipe dimensions, gas properties, and valve characteristics. The equations calculate a dimensionless sonic blowdown time and subsonic blowdown time which are then multiplied by a time constant and correction factor to determine the total blowdown time in seconds. An example calculation applies the method to estimate that a 25km, 36" gas pipeline blowing down through an 8" valve would take approximately 12,253 seconds.

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    Original Title

    feuille calcul Gas Pipeline Blowdown Time

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    This document provides equations and an example calculation for estimating the blowdown time of a gas pipeline. It defines the key parameters needed in the equations such as initial and atmospheric pressures, pipe dimensions, gas properties, and valve characteristics. The equations calculate a dimensionless sonic blowdown time and subsonic blowdown time which are then multiplied by a time constant and correction factor to determine the total blowdown time in seconds. An example calculation applies the method to estimate that a 25km, 36" gas pipeline blowing down through an 8" valve would take approximately 12,253 seconds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    76 views6 pages

    Feuille Calcul Gas Pipeline Blowdown Time

    Uploaded by

    Nic Ric
    This document provides equations and an example calculation for estimating the blowdown time of a gas pipeline. It defines the key parameters needed in the equations such as initial and atmospheric pressures, pipe dimensions, gas properties, and valve characteristics. The equations calculate a dimensionless sonic blowdown time and subsonic blowdown time which are then multiplied by a time constant and correction factor to determine the total blowdown time in seconds. An example calculation applies the method to estimate that a 25km, 36" gas pipeline blowing down through an 8" valve would take approximately 12,253 seconds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Gas Pipeline Blowdown time

    Reference: "Simple Method Predicts Gas Line Blowdown Times", by


    M.H. Weiss, K.K. Botros, W.M. Jungowski, Oil & Gas Journal, Dec. 12, 1988

    P
    t c ln i
    Pa

    k
    k 1

    ln

    2
    k 1
    k 1

    k 1 2( k 1)
    V

    2
    v
    c Ath C d
    Z k R T
    MW

    1
    Pi 5270 101.785SG
    1
    T 3.825

    f L
    f L
    f L
    C f a1 a 2 log 10
    a3 log 10
    a 4 log 10

    D
    D

    1
    a1 1.0319 5.2735
    Ar

    1
    25.680

    Ar

    1
    38.409

    Ar

    1
    1
    1
    a2 0.2699417.304 86.415 144.77
    Ar
    Ar
    Ar

    1
    1
    1
    a3 0.2417512.637 56.772 88.351
    Ar
    Ar
    Ar
    2

    1
    1
    1
    a4 0.054856 2.6258 8.9593 12.139
    Ar
    Ar
    Ar
    Ar

    Ap
    Ath C d

    Note:
    The polynomials for the coefficients (a1, a2, a3, a4) are valid only for 3 < Ar < 30 and should
    not be used outside this range.
    Pc

    k
    1.20
    1.25
    1.30
    1.35
    1.40
    1.45
    1.50
    1.55
    1.60

    ts
    0.5645
    0.5549
    0.5457
    0.5368
    0.5283
    0.52
    0.512
    0.5042
    0.4968

    t tot t c t s V C f

    0.7371
    0.7605
    0.7833
    0.8058
    0.8278
    0.8495
    0.8707
    0.8916
    0.9122

    where:
    tc =

    Dimensionless Sonic blowdown time

    Pi =

    Initial Pressure of the gas pipeline, kPa (abs)

    Pa =

    Atmospheric Pressure, kPa (abs)

    k=

    Ratio of Specific heats (Cp/Cv)

    V =

    Ap =

    Time constant, seconds


    Volume of the pipe being blown down, m3
    (Pipe C/S area X Pipe length)
    sonic velocity, m/s
    compressibility factor
    Specific Gravity of Gas (Air =1)
    Absolute temperature of the gas in pipeline, K
    Universal Gas Constant (8314 J/kmol-K)
    Molecular Weight of the Gas
    = SG*28.96 (if only specific gravity of gas is known)
    Blowdown Correction Factor, dimensionless
    Darcy friction factor, dimensionless
    Length of pipeline, m
    Inside Diameter of the Pipeline, m
    Ratio of Pipe-to-effective-valve-discharge-area, dimensionless
    C/S area of pipe, m2

    Ath =

    Blowdown Valve discharge Area, m2

    V=
    c=
    Z=
    SG =
    T=
    R=
    MW =
    Cf =
    f=
    L=
    D=
    Ar =

    Ath*Cd =

    Notes:
    1. For full-bore ball valves the "discharge area" will be considered the
    same as the blowdown line cross-sectional area
    2. For reduced bore ball valves the "discharge area" should be considered
    based on the cross-sectional area of one size lower than the blowdown
    line size
    Blowdown Valve discharge coefficient, dimensionless
    (Use a value of 0.85 to 1 in absence of manufacturer's data)
    Effective valve discharge area, m2

    Pc =

    Critical Pressure Ratio

    Cd =

    2 k 1
    Pc

    k 1
    ts =

    Dimensionless subsonic blowdown time

    ttot =

    total blowdown time, seconds

    Darcy Friction Factor (Turbulent Flow)


    Pipe ID

    mm
    26.64 (1" STD)

    0.023

    40.9 (1.5" STD)

    0.021

    52.5 (2" STD)

    0.019

    77.92 (3" STD)

    0.018

    102.26 (4" STD)

    0.017

    154.08 (6" STD)

    0.015

    202.74 (8" STD)

    0.014

    254.46 (10" STD)

    0.014

    304.81 (12" STD)

    0.013

    336.56 (14" STD)

    0.013

    387.36 (16" STD)

    0.013

    438.16 (18" STD)

    0.012

    488.96 (20" STD)

    0.012

    590.56 (24" STD)

    0.012

    742.96 (30" STD)

    0.011

    895.36 (36" STD)

    0.011

    Exam ple Calculation:


    Estimate the total blowdown time for a 25 km, 36" STD pipeline which contains natural

    gas at 6000 kPa(abs) and 10C. The gas has a specific gravity of 0.6.
    The blowdown valve is a 8" full bore valve on a 8" blowdown line
    The atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa(abs).
    Inputs
    Pi =
    Pa =
    k=
    Cd =
    D=
    T=
    SG =
    f=
    BDV size =
    L=
    ts =
    Calculations
    Z=
    MW =
    V=
    c=
    Ath =
    Ap =
    Ar =
    tc =

    6000 kPa(abs)
    100
    1.3
    0.85
    0.895
    10
    0.6
    0.011
    8
    25000
    0.7833

    kPa(abs)
    input from external source
    m
    C

    inch
    m

    23.6
    3.49

    a1 =

    0.8514

    a2 =

    0.3229

    a3 =

    -0.1991

    a4 =

    0.0413846

    Losses
    ttot =

    Prepared by:
    Email:

    Refer table

    3
    15728.1 m
    390.4 m/s
    2
    0.031 m
    2
    0.629 m

    2578.0 seconds

    ttot =

    specific gravity of gas (Air =1)


    manual input based on table for Darcy friction factor
    (if RB use one size lower than BD line size and if FB use line size)

    0.87
    17.4

    V =

    Cf =

    Input based on NPS & Pipe Schedule

    1.06
    11669.7 seconds
    1.05
    12253.2 seconds
    204.2 minutes

    (Time delay is based on losses in vent line and entrance)


    (including losses)

    Ankur Srivastava
    Chemical Engineer
    [email protected]

    Mass Flow Rate for Gas Pipeline Blowdown through Hole or Orifice
    Notes:
    1. The depressuring or blowdown is assumed to be adiabatic and the heat
    exchange with the environment is neglected.
    Sonic or Choked Release Rate (ms), kg/s
    If the pressure ratio (Pa/Pi) is less then or equal to the critical pressure ratio (Pc) then the
    flow is sonic or choked and the mass flow rate through the hole or orifice can be calculated
    from:

    2
    m s C d Ath i Pi k

    k 1

    k 1
    k 1

    where:
    Pa =

    Atmospheric Pressure, Pa (abs)

    Pi =

    Initial Pressure of the gas pipeline, Pa (abs)

    ms =

    Sonic Release Rate, kg/s

    Cd =

    Ath =

    Hole or Orifice discharge coefficient, dimensionless


    (Use a value of 0.62 for sharp-edged orifices)
    (Use a value of 0.95-0.99 for rounded orifices)
    Hole or Orifice C/S Area, m2

    i =

    density of the gas in pipeline@Pi,T

    T=
    MW =

    Absolute temperature of the gas in pipeline, K


    Molecular Weight of the Gas
    = SG*28.96 (if only specific gravity of gas is known)
    Compressibility Factor
    Specific Gravity of Gas (Air =1)
    Ratio of Specific heats (Cp/Cv)

    Z=
    SG =
    k=

    Pi MW
    8314 T Z

    Inputs
    Pi =
    k=
    Cd =
    T=
    SG =
    Hole/ Orifice Size =
    Z=
    Calculations
    MW =
    i =

    6.00E+06 Pa (abs)
    1.3
    0.62
    10
    0.6
    2 inch
    0.87

    17.4
    3
    50.9 kg/m

    Ath =
    ms =

    2
    0.00203 m

    14.65 kg/s

    Sub-Sonic Release Rate (mss), kg/s


    If the pressure ratio (Pa/Pi) is greater then the critical pressure ratio (Pc), (Psc), then the flow
    is sub-sonic and the mass flow rate through the hole or orifice can be calculated from:
    k 1

    2 k 1
    m ss C d Ath i Pi k

    k 1
    where:
    mss =

    P
    a
    Pi

    Sub-sonic Release Rate, kg/s


    1

    k
    P
    1 a

    Pi

    Inputs
    Pa =
    k=
    Cd =
    T=
    SG =
    Hole/ Orifice Size =
    Z=
    Psc =
    Calculations
    MW =
    Pi =

    k 1
    k

    1.00E+05 Pa (abs)
    1.3
    0.62
    10 C
    0.6
    2 inch
    1
    0.5555

    Ath =

    17.4
    1.80E+05 Pa (abs)
    0.99978
    3
    1.3 kg/m
    2
    0.00203 m

    mss =

    0.41 kg/s

    =
    i =

    k 1

    2 k 1 k 1

    k 1 2

    (Pc = 0.5457 for k =1.3)

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