2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 1 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

Abaqus/CAE (ver. 6.11) Shell Tutorial

Problem Description
The aluminum arch (E = 70 GPa, = 0.3) shown below is completely clamped along the flat faces. The arch
supports a pressure of 100 MPa.




In this example, we also practice how to mesh a portion of geometry and how to avoid modeling
unnecessary segments!
2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 2 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

Analysis Steps
1. Start Abaqus and choose to create a new model database
2. In the model tree double click on the Parts node (or right click on parts and select Create)

3. In the Create Part dialog box (shown above) name the part and
a. Select 3D
b. Select Deformable
c. Select Shell
d. Select Extrusion
e. Set approximate size = 100
f. Click Continue
4. Create the geometry shown below (not discussed here). Units shown are in mm.



2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 3 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

a. Click Done
b. Set Depth = 10
c. Click OK








5. Double click on the Materials node in the model tree


a. Name the new material and give it a description
b. Click on the Mechanical tabElasticityElastic
c. Define Youngs Modulus and the Poissons Ratio (use SI (mm) units)
i. WARNING: There are no predefined system of units within Abaqus, so the user is
responsible for ensuring that the correct values are specified
ii. See the table of consistent units below
Quantity SI SI (mm) US Unit (ft) US Unit (inch)
Length m mm ft in
Force N N lbf lbf
Mass kg tonne (10
3
kg) slug lbf s
2
/in
Time s s s s
Stress Pa (N/m
2
) MPa (N/mm
2
) lbf/ft
2
psi (lbf/in
2
)
Energy J mJ (10
3
J) ft lbf in lbf
Density kg/m
3
tonne/mm
3
slug/ft
3
lbf s
2
/in
4


d. Click OK
2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 4 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering


6. Double click on the Sections node in the model tree
a. Name the section shell_properties and select Shell for the category and Homogeneous for the
type
b. Click Continue
c. Select the material created above (aluminum) and set the thickness to 1 (mm).
d. Adjust the thickness integration points if necessary
i. For Simpson integration the number of points must be odd and between 3 and 15
ii. For Gauss integration the number of points must be between 2 and 15
e. Click OK

7. Expand the Parts node in the model tree, expand the node of the part just created, and double click on
Section Assignments
a. Select the entire geometry in the viewport and press Done in the prompt area
b. Select the section created above (shell_properties).
c. Specify shell offset if necessary. For this example use the default of middle surface.
d. Click OK
2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 5 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering


8. In the toolbox area click on the Partition Face: Sketch icon
a. Select all faces and click Done
b. Select one of the flat faces as the sketch plane
c. Specify Through All for the projection distance. Note the arrow should encompass the entire part.
d. Select Flip if the arrow showing the project direction is incorrect, and/or press OK
e. Select one of the edges on the end of the part as the vertical sketch direction
f. Create a sketch that will divide the part into quarters. For example: draw a vertical line, select the
equal distance constraint, pick the node at the upper right, pick the node at the upper left, then pick
the drawn vertical line. The constraint will move the line to the midpoint.
g. Select Done


2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 6 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering
9. Expand the Assembly node in the model tree and then double click on Instances
a. Select Dependent for the instance type
b. Click OK

10. Save the model
a. This model will be used as a starting place for further tutorials


2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 7 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering
11. Double click on the Steps node in the model tree
a. Name the step, set the procedure to General, and select Static, General
b. Give the step a description



12. Expand the History Output Requests node in the model tree, and then right click on H-Output-1 (H-Output-1
was automatically generated when creating the step) and select Delete

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 8 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering
13. Expand the Field Output Requests node in the model tree, and then double click on F-Output-1 (F-Output-1
was automatically generated when creating the step)
a. Uncheck the variables Strains and Contact


14. Because the part is symmetrical and the flat surfaces are fully restrained only a quarter of the arch needs to
be modeled.
15. Because the flat surfaces are assumed to be fully restrained we do not need to include them, and can instead
fix just the edge.
16. Double click on the BCs node in the model tree
a. Name the boundary conditioned Fixed and select Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastre for the type

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 9 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

b. Select the edge shown below and click Done

c. Select ENCASTRE for the boundary condition and click OK

Note: Restraining the entire surface will be inefficient, requiring
unnecessary meshing of the portion of the geometry which will have
no influence on the stiffness properties, and thus the result of
simulation. Therefore, the restraint is applied to the shown edge to
reduce the problem size. Noting this, the geometry creation could
have been simplified right from the start!





17. Double click on the BCs node in the model tree
a. Name the boundary conditioned Zsymm and select
Symmetry/Antisymmetry/Encastre for the type

b. Select the edge shown below and click Done
2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 10 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering


c. Select ZSYMM for the boundary condition

d. Repeat for the other edge and select Xsymm to apply x-dir symmetry condition.

18. Double click on the Loads node in the model tree
a. Name the load Pressure and select Pressure as the type



2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 11 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering

b. Select the quarter of the arch surface with the boundary conditions applied to it
c. Select the color corresponding to the top surface
d. For the magnitude enter 600




2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 12 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering
19. In the model tree double click on Mesh for the Arch part, and in the toolbox area click on the Assign
Element Type icon
a. Select the portion of the geometry associated with the boundary conditions and load
b. Select Standard for element type
c. Select Linear for geometric order
d. Select Shell for family
e. Note that the name of the element (S4R) and its description are given below the element controls
f. Select OK


20. In the toolbox area click on the Assign Mesh Controls icon
a. Select the portion of the geometry
associated with the boundary
conditions and load
b. Change the element shape to Quad


21. In the toolbox area click on the Seed Edges icon
a. Select the shorter edges of the portion of the geometry associated with the
boundary conditions and load
i. Select By Number method and Specify 5 elements

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 13 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering
b. Repeat step a. for the longer curved edges of the portion of the geometry associated with the
boundary conditions and load
ii. Specify 10 elements

c. Select Done

22. In the toolbox area click on the Mesh Region icon

d. Select the portion of the geometry associated with the boundary conditions and load
e. Select Done

2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 14 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering
23. In the model tree double click on the Job node
a. Name the job arch_linear_static
b. Give the job a description

24. In the model tree right click on the job just created (arch_linear_static) and select Submit
f. Ignore the message about unmeshed portions of the geometry, click yes to continue.
g. While Abaqus is solving the problem right click on the job submitted (arch_linear_static), and select
Monitor

h. In the Monitor window check that there are no errors or warnings
iii. If there are errors, investigate the cause(s) before resolving
iv. If there are warnings, determine if the warnings are relevant, some warnings can be safely
ignored

2012 Hormoz Zar
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2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 16 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering
27. Display the deformed contour of the (Von) Mises stress overlaid with the undeformed geometry
a. In the toolbox area click on the following icons
i. Plot Contours on Deformed Shape
ii. Allow Multiple Plot States
iii. Plot Undeformed Shape


28. In the toolbox area click on the Common Plot
Options icon
a. Set the Deformation Scale Factor to 10
b. Click OK



2012 Hormoz Zareh & Jenna Bell 17 Portland State University, Mechanical Engineering
29. To determine the stress values, click on the probe values icon
a. Set the probe to Nodes
b. In the viewport mouse over the element of interest
c. Note that Abaqus reports stress values from the integration points, which may differ slightly from the
values determined by projecting values from surrounding integration points to the nodes
i. The minimum and maximum stress values contained in the legend are from the stresses
projected to the nodes
d. Click on an element to store it in the Selected Probe Values portion of the dialogue box

30. The field output tool bar can be used to change the output displayed
a. The middle drop down tab selects the field output of interest.
b. The right drop down is used to select the variant or component.