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    Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond

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    Jitendra Kumar
    Intermolecular hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and the electronegative atom of another molecule. This causes compounds that participate in intermolecular hydrogen bonding to have higher boiling points, melting points, and enthalpies of vaporization compared to those without hydrogen bonding. For example, water has a high boiling point due to its hydrogen bonding. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding also increases the solubility of compounds in water, such as alcohols and acids. Some molecules exist as dimers or polymers due to strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding, like acetic acid forming dimers in benzene.

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    Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond

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    Jitendra Kumar
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    Intermolecular hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and the electronegative atom of another molecule. This causes compounds that participate in intermolecular hydrogen bonding to have higher boiling points, melting points, and enthalpies of vaporization compared to those without hydrogen bonding. For example, water has a high boiling point due to its hydrogen bonding. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding also increases the solubility of compounds in water, such as alcohols and acids. Some molecules exist as dimers or polymers due to strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding, like acetic acid forming dimers in benzene.

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    intermolecular h-bonding

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    Intermolecular hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and the electronegative atom of another molecule. This causes compounds that participate in intermolecular hydrogen bonding to have higher boiling points, melting points, and enthalpies of vaporization compared to those without hydrogen bonding. For example, water has a high boiling point due to its hydrogen bonding. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding also increases the solubility of compounds in water, such as alcohols and acids. Some molecules exist as dimers or polymers due to strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding, like acetic acid forming dimers in benzene.

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    25 views2 pages

    Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond

    Uploaded by

    Jitendra Kumar
    Intermolecular hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and the electronegative atom of another molecule. This causes compounds that participate in intermolecular hydrogen bonding to have higher boiling points, melting points, and enthalpies of vaporization compared to those without hydrogen bonding. For example, water has a high boiling point due to its hydrogen bonding. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding also increases the solubility of compounds in water, such as alcohols and acids. Some molecules exist as dimers or polymers due to strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding, like acetic acid forming dimers in benzene.

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    Intermolecular hydrogen bond

    The H-bond formed between two different molecules (of same or different compounds) is
    referred to as intermolecular H-bond. In this case, hydrogen of one molecule makes H-bond with
    electronegative atom of another molecule. These molecules may belong to same compound or
    different compounds.
    E.g.

    Note: In above diagrams, directional nature of H-bonding is not taken into account.
    Consequences of intermolecular hydrogen bonding
    1) The boiling point, melting point, sublimation point as well as enthalpy of vaporization of
    compounds increase due to intermolecular H-bonding.
    E.g. The boiling point of H
    2
    O is high (373 K) due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding and
    hence it exist as liquid at room temperature, whereas H-bonds are absent in H
    2
    S and hence it has
    low boiling point and exists as a gas at room temperature.
    Note: Though sulfur is an electronegative element, it cannot form hydrogen bonds due to
    larger size. There is no ample charge density on either sulfur or hydrogen to make a H-bond.
    2) The solubility of compounds, showing intermolecular H-bonding, in water increases due to
    formation of intermolecular H-bonds with water.
    E.g. Ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, ammonia, HF, acetic acid etc., are fairly soluble in water
    due to their ability to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
    Intermolecular H-bonding between water and ammonia molecules is shown below.

    3) Due to intermolecular H-bonding, para isomers have higher boiling points and are fairly
    soluble in water. Therefore they cannot be separated by steam distillation.
    E.g. Para hydroxy benzaldehyde has high boiling point and is more soluble in water, than its
    ortho isomer, due to intermolecular H-bonding and hence cannot be separated by steam
    distillation.

    4) Some molecules exist as dimers or trimers or polymers in non-aqueous medium or in vapor
    state due to strong intermolecular H-bonding.
    E.g. Acetic acid exists as dimer in benzene.

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