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1 Mass Transfer

This document discusses mass transfer via molecular diffusion and bulk flow. It focuses on molecular diffusion and covers Fick's laws of diffusion for binary mixtures. The driving force for mass transfer is a concentration gradient. Mass transfer rate laws are presented in mass and molar forms. Applications discussed include species transport in flames and droplet evaporation. The Stefan problem of diffusion through a stagnant column and its use in droplet evaporation analysis is also covered.

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Nagwa Mansy
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58 views18 pages

1 Mass Transfer

This document discusses mass transfer via molecular diffusion and bulk flow. It focuses on molecular diffusion and covers Fick's laws of diffusion for binary mixtures. The driving force for mass transfer is a concentration gradient. Mass transfer rate laws are presented in mass and molar forms. Applications discussed include species transport in flames and droplet evaporation. The Stefan problem of diffusion through a stagnant column and its use in droplet evaporation analysis is also covered.

Uploaded by

Nagwa Mansy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rudiments of Mass Transfer

By molecular diffusion process and also bulk flow


(convection)

The driving force is concentration gradient (ordinary


diffusion)

Analogous to heat transfer

Molecular diffusion is analogous to heat conduction

Bulk flow (convection) is also carried by turbulent eddies

This chapter's focus is on molecular diffusion

Applications in

droplet evaporation (fuel sprays)

pecies transport in flame



Mass transfer rate laws

!ick's law of diffusion

"onsider # species A $ B diffusing into one


another

!or %& binary diffusion

Mass flu'

Binary diffusivity

(eneral form of mass transfer rate
law

Mass form

Molar form

Total mass flu' is given as

ubstituting each species mass flu' and


rearranging)

Thus* for binary mi'ture* knowing



+ther driving forces

&iffusion driven by concentration gradient is


called ordinary diffusion

&iffusion can also be driven by

Temperature gradient (oret effect)

,ressure gradient

Molecular basis of diffusion

!rom kinetic theory of gases* average


molecular properties can be defined)

Assuming no bulk flow* net flu' of A at the '-


plane is

Together with molecular properties above and


other constitutive relations* the binary diffusivity
can be e'pressed as

depends strongly on temperature but


does not

pecies conservation

"onsider a control volume with thickness


The net rate of increase of mass A depends on


mass fluxes and reaction rates

ubstituting terms based on binary diffusion*


and taking limits as we get

!or steady state* we get the %& species


conservation

ome applications

tefan problem

.i/uid vapor interface boundary condition

&roplet evaporation

tefan problem

&iffusion of A through a
stagnant column of B

The basis for droplet


evaporation analysis

Assume

!lowing A conc'tn less


than evap'n A conc'tn

teady state

B insoluble in li/ A
(stagnant column of B)

Results of tefan problem

Mass conservation

Binary diffusion e/'n becomes

Rearranging and integrating


with assumed boundary
conditions)

.i/uid-vapor interface B0"0

Assume e/uilibrium at interface


,artial pressure ,
A
in gas 1 saturation pressure of
li/uid

Temperature is continuous and the same

2nergy is conserved

.i/uid-vapor interface B0"0

&roplet evaporation

2/uivalent to tefan
problem but done in
spherical coordinate

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