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05-TCPIP Protocol and Subnet Planning-20090724-A

This document provides an overview of TCP/IP protocols and subnet planning. It begins with introducing the TCP/IP model and its relationship to OSI, describing each layer of TCP/IP including TCP, UDP, IP, ARP, RARP and ICMP. It then covers IP addressing, address classification, and examples of planning subnets for classes B and C, as well as techniques like VLSM and CIDR. The goal is for readers to understand TCP/IP protocols and how to plan IP subnets through examples and explanations of key concepts.

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Hooshang Ghadiri Soofi
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113 views31 pages

05-TCPIP Protocol and Subnet Planning-20090724-A

This document provides an overview of TCP/IP protocols and subnet planning. It begins with introducing the TCP/IP model and its relationship to OSI, describing each layer of TCP/IP including TCP, UDP, IP, ARP, RARP and ICMP. It then covers IP addressing, address classification, and examples of planning subnets for classes B and C, as well as techniques like VLSM and CIDR. The goal is for readers to understand TCP/IP protocols and how to plan IP subnets through examples and explanations of key concepts.

Uploaded by

Hooshang Ghadiri Soofi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 31

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

www.huawei.com

HUAWEI Confidential
Security Level: Security Level:
ODP100002 TCP/IP
Protocol and Subnet
Planning
ISSUE 1.0
Internal
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Page 1
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Understand the relation and difference between
TCP/IP and OSI Reference Model
Describe function of layers of TCP/IP
Describe classification of IP addresses
Plan subnet by IP addresses
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Page 2
Chapter 1 TCP/IP
Chapter 2 Subnet Planning
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Page 3
TCP/IP and OSI Model
TCP/IP has simple hierarchical design
In clear corresponding relations with OSI reference model.
1
OSI reference model
Application layer
Presentation layer
Conversation layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
Application layer
Transport layer
Interconnection layer
7
6
5
4
3
2
Physical layer
TCP/IP
Data link layer
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Page 4
TCP/IP Protocol Stack
Provide application program
network interfaces
Application
Layer
Transport Layer
Interconnection
Layer
Data link Layer
Establish terminal to
terminal connection
Addressing and
route selecting
Physical media access
Binary data flow transmission
HTTP, Telnet, FTP,
TFTP, Ping, etc
TCP/UDP
ARP/RARP
IP
ICMP
Ethernet, 802.3, PPP,
HDLC, FR, etc
Interfaces and
wires/cables
Physical Layer
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Page 5
Data Encapsulation Mode
TELNET
23
FTP
20/21
SMTP
25
TFTP
69
TCP/UDP
6/17
IP PACKETS
FRAMES
BITS
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Page 6
Application Layer
File transfer
FTP, TFTP
Mail service
SMTP, POP3
Network management
SNMP, Telnet, Ping, Tracert
Network service
HTTP, DNS, WINS
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Page 7
Transport Layer Overview
Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data Link layer
TCP
UDP
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Page 8
TCP/UDP Header Format
0 8 16 24 31
16 bits source port 16 bits destination port
32 bits sequence number
32 bits acknowledge number
U
R
G

A
C
K

P
S
H

R
S
T

S
Y
N

F
I
N

offset
Reserved(6 bits 16 bits window size
16 bits TCP checksum 16 bits urgent pointer
Options
Data
0 8 16 24 31
16 bits source port 16 bits destination port
16 bits UDP checksum
Data
UDP header format
TCP header format
16 bits UDP length
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Page 9
Port Number
TCP protocol uses port numbers to mark and distinguish various application programs.
HTTP FTP Telnet SMTP DNS TFTP
SNMP
TCP UDP
IP data packet
S
o
c
k
e
t

80
20/21 23
25
53
69 161
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Page 10
TCP Connection
client
server
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Page 11
TCP Disconnection
client
server
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Page 12
Slide Window
To modify the
widows size
The sender
is too fast
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Page 13
Network Layer Overview
Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
IP
ARP
RARP
ICMP
Data Link layer
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Page 14
IP Header Format
0 4 8 16 31
Version
Message
length
Service type
Total length
Identification
Flag
Chip offset
Time to live
Protocol Message header checksum
Source IP address
Destination IP address
IP options
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Page 15
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol


IP:10.0.0.1/24
MAC:00-E0-FC-00-00-11
IP:10.0.0.2/24
MAC:00-E0-FC-00-00-12
ARP Request?
ARP Reply
This is my Ethernet
address 00-E0-FC-
00-00-12
I need the
Ethernet
address of
10.0.0.2
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Page 16
RARP: Reverse Address Resolution
Protocol
What is my IP
address?
Diskless
workstation

RARP Server
RARP Request?
RARP Reply
Your IP address is
10.0.0.1
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Page 17
ICMP: Internet Control Messages Protocol
Is B accessible?

ICMP Echo Request
ICMP Echo Reply
I am here.
A
B
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Page 18
Chapter 1 TCP/IP
Chapter 2 Subnet Planning
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Page 19
Introduction to IP Address
IP address uniquely identifies a piece of network equipment
Private IP addresses
10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255
10.110.192.111 20.130.188.144
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Page 20
Classification of IP Addresses
0
1 0
1
1 0
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 0
Network(7bit)
Network(14bit)
Network(21bit)
Multicast address
Reserved
Host(24bit)
Host(16bit)
Host(8bit)
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E
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Page 21
Special IP Addresses
Network
part
Host part
Address
type
Use
Any Completely0
Network
address
Representing a network
Segment
Any Completely1
Broadcast
address
All the nodes of a Specially
designated network
segment
127 any
Loop back
address
Loop test
Completely0
All
networks
Huawei Quidway router
used
Designate default routes
Completely1
Broadcast
address
All nodes of
Local network segment
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Page 22
Addressing without Subnet
Using nature mask
Class B segment 172.16.0.0 with mask 255.255.0.0
172.16.30.10
172.16.30.1 172.16.28.1
Ethernet
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Page 23
Addressing with Subnets
Class B segment 172.16.0.0
172.16.8.1
255.255.255.0
172.16.4.1
255.255.255.0
Ethernet
Ethernet
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Page 24
Subnet Planning
201.222.5.0
255.255.255.0
201.222.5.8
255.255.255.248
201.222.5.16
255.255.255.248
201.222.5.24
255.255.255.248
201.222.5.32
255.255.255.248
201.222.5.9
255.255.255.248
201.222.5.17
255.255.255.248
201.222.5.25
255.255.255.248
201.222.5.33
255.255.255.248
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Page 25
Example of Planning Class B
Subnet address 172.16.2.0
Host address 172.16.2.1172.16.2.254
Broadcast address 172.16.2.255
IP host address 172.16.2.120
Subnet mask 255.255.255.0
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Page 26
Example of Planning Class C
Subnet address 192.168.5.0
Host address 192.168.5.121-192.168.5.126
Broadcast address 192.168.5.127
IP host address 192.168.5.121
Subnet mask 255.255.255.248
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Page 27
VLSM: Variable Length Subnet Mask
192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.64/27
192.168.1.96/2
7
192.168.1.128/27
192.168.1.160/30
192.168.1.164/30
192.168.1.168/30
192.168.1.172/30
ISP
Announce
192.168.1.0
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Page 28
CIDR: Classless Inter-Domain Routing
CIDR reduces scale of routing table and enhances network extensibility.
Internet
198.168.1.0
198.168.2.0
198.168.3.0
ISP
Announce route
198.168.0.0/16
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Page 29
Summary
TCP/IP stack and OSI reference model
Protocols of TCP/IP stack
Principle of IP subnet planning
Example of planning IP subnet
Summary
Thank You
www.huawei.com

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