10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

PART - A
LEX and YACC Programs:
Design, develop, and execute the following programs using LEX:
1. a) Program to count the number of characters, words, spaces and lines in a given input file.
b) Program to count the numbers of comment lines in a given C program. Also eliminate them and copy
the resulting program into separate file.
2. a) Program to recognize a valid arithmetic expression and to recognize the identifiers and operators present.
Print them separately.
b) Program to recognize whether a given sentence is simple or compound.
3. Program to recognize and count the number of identifiers in a given input file.

Design, develop, and execute the following programs using YACC:

4. a) Program to recognize a valid arithmetic expression that uses operators +, -, * and /.
b) Program to recognize a valid variable, which starts with a letter, followed by any number of letters or
digits.
5. a) Program to evaluate an arithmetic expression involving operators +, -, * and /.
b) Program to recognize strings ‘aaab’, ‘abbb’, ‘ab’ and ‘a’ using the grammar (anbn, n>= 0).
6. Program to recognize the grammar (anb, n>= 10).

PART B
UNIX Programming:
Design, develop, and execute the following programs:
7. a) Non-recursive shell script that accepts any number of arguments and prints them in the Reverse
order, ( For example, if the script is named rargs, then executing rargs A B C should produce C B A on
the standard output).

b) C program that creates a child process to read commands from the standard input and execute them (a
minimal implementation of a shell – like program). You can assume that no arguments will be passed to
the commands to be executed.

8. a) Shell script that accepts two file names as arguments, checks if the permissions for these files are
identical and if the permissions are identical, outputs the common permissions, otherwise outputs each file
name followed by its permissions.

b) C program to create a file with 16 bytes of arbitrary data from the beginning and another 16 bytes of
arbitrary data from an offset of 48. Display the file contents to demonstrate how the hole in file is handled.

9. a) Shell script that accepts file names specified as arguments and creates a shell script that contains this file
as well as the code to recreate these files. Thus if the script generated by your script is executed, it would
recreate the original files(This is same as the “bundle” script described by Brain W. Kernighan and Rob
Pike in “ The Unix Programming Environment”, Prentice – Hall India).

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

b) C program to do the following: Using fork( ) create a child process. The child process prints its own
process-id and id of its parent and then exits. The parent process waits for its child to finish (by executing
the wait( )) and prints its own process-id and the id of its child process and then exits.

Operating Systems:

10. Design, develop and execute a program in C / C++ to simulate the working of Shortest Remaining Time and
Round-Robin Scheduling Algorithms. Experiment with different quantum sizes for the RoundRobin algorithm. In
all cases, determine the average turn-around time. The input can be read from key board or from a file.

11. Using OpenMP, Design, develop and run a multi-threaded program to generate and print Fibonacci Series. One
thread has to generate the numbers up to the specified limit and another thread has to print them. Ensure proper
synchronization.

12. Design, develop and run a program to implement the Banker’s Algorithm. Demonstrate its working with
different data values.

Instructions: In the examination, a combination of one LEX and one YACC problem has to be asked from Part
A for a total of 30 marks and one programming exercise from Part B has to be asked for a total of 20 marks.

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

PART - A

LEX PROGRAMS:

1) a. Program to count the number of characters, words, spaces and lines in a given input file. //1a.l

%{
int wc=0,cc=0,lc=0,sc=0;
%}

%option noyywrap

%%

[^ \t\n]+ {wc++;cc+=yyleng;}

[ ]+ {sc++;}

[\n]+ {lc++;}

%%

main(int argc,char *argv[])

{
FILE *fp;
if(argc==2)
{
fp=fopen(argv[1],"r");
yyin=fp;
}
yylex();
printf("Number of character =%d\n",cc);
printf("Number of words =%d\n",wc);
printf("Number of spaces =%d\n",sc);
printf("Number of lines =%d\n",lc);
}

OUTPUT:
$ lex 1a.l
$ cc lex.yy.c –ll
$ ./a.out
Hai dear you there
Number of character =15

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

Number of words =4
Number of spaces =3
Number of lines =1
1) b.Program to count the numbers of comment lines in a given C program. Also eliminate them and
copy the resulting program into separate file. //1b.l

%{
int c=0;
%}
%option noyywrap
%x CMT
%x ct
%%

“//” { BEGIN ct;}

<ct>.\n {c++;BEGIN INITIAL ;}
<ct>. ;

"/*" {BEGIN CMT;}

<CMT>\n {c++;}
<CMT>.\n {c++;}
<CMT>"*/" {c++; BEGIN INITIAL;}
<CMT>. ;

%%
main(int argc,char * argv[])
{
FILE *fp1,*fp2;
if(argc==3)
{
fp1=fopen(argv[1],"r");
fp2=fopen(argv[2],"w");
yyin=fp1;
yyout=fp2;
}
yylex();
printf("Number of comment lines = %d\n",c);
}
OUTPUT:
$ lex 1b.l
$ cc lex.yy.c –ll
$ gedit 1.c
$ ./a.out 1.c 1b.c
Number of comment lines =2

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

1.c main() 1b.c main()

{ {
int a,b; /* int declaration */ int a,b;
float amt,avg; /* float declaration */ float amt,avg;
} }

2) a. Program to recognize a valid arithmetic expression and to recognize the identifiers and operators
present. Print them separately. //2a.l

%{
int pc=0,state=0,i=0,j=0;
enum{FIRST=0,OP,CP,OPRND,OPRT};
char a[20];
%}

%option noyywrap

%%

[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*{
if(state==FIRST||state==OP||state==OPRT)
{
state=OPRND;
printf("operand %d=%s\n",++i,yytext);
}
else return 0;
}

[+\-*/] {
if(state==OPRND||state==CP)
{
state=OPRT;
a[j++]=yytext[0];
}
else return 0;
}

\( {
if(state==FIRST||state==OPRT||state==OP)
{
state=OP;
pc++;
}
else return 0;
}

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

\) {
if(pc<=0) return 0;
if(state==OPRND||state==CP)
{
state=CP;
pc--;
}
else return 0;
}

\n {
return 1;
}

%%

main()
{
int c,k;
c=yylex();
if(c==1&&pc==0&&i==j+1)
{
if(state==CP||state==OPRND)
{
printf("Valid Expression\n");
printf("Valid Operators are:\n");
for(k=0;k<j;k++)
printf("%c\n",a[k]);
}
}
else
printf("Invalid Expression\n");
}
OUTPUT:
$ lex 2a.l $ lex 2a.l
$ cc lex.yy.c –ll $ cc lex.yy.c –ll
$./a.out $./a.out
a+b-c a+b--c
operand 1=a operand 1=a
operand 2=b operand 2=b

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

operand 3=c Invalid Expression

Valid Expression
Valid Operators are:
+
-
2) a. Program to recognize a valid arithmetic expression and to recognize the identifiers and operators
present. Print them separately. //2aa.l

OR
%{
int a=0,s=0,m=0,d=0,ob=0,cb=0,va=0 ,ident=0;
int flaga=0, flags=0, flagm=0, flagd=0;
%}
ID [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z 0-9]*
NOTID [0-9a-zA-Z]+
%%
{ID} {ident++;printf("\n %s is an identifier\n",yytext);}
{NOTID} {va++;}
[+] {a++;flaga=1;}
[-] {s++;flags=1;}
[*] {m++;flagm=1;}
[/] {d++;flagd=1;}
[(] {ob++;}
[)] {cb++;}
return;
%%
int main()
{
printf("Enter the expression:\n");
yylex();
if(ob-cb!=0 | va>0 |ident==0|a+s+m+d>=ident)
{
printf("Invalid expression\n");
}
else
{
printf("valid expression");
printf("\nAdd=%d\nSub=%d\nMul=%d\nDiv=%d\n",a,s,m,d);
printf("Operators are: \n");
if(flaga)
printf("+\n");
if(flags)
printf("-\n");
if(flagm)
printf("*\n");
if(flagd)

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

printf("\\ \n");
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
Enter the expression:
A+B
A is an identifier
B is an identifier
Ctrl+d
valid expression
Add=1
Sub=0
Mul=0
Div=0
Operators are:
+

2) b. Program to recognize whether a given sentence is simple or compound. //2b.l

%{
int flag=0;
%}
%option noyywrap
%%

"and" |
"AND" |
"or" |
"OR" |
"if" |
"IF" |
"else" |
"ELSE" |
"not" |
"NOT" |
"but" |
"BUT" {flag=1;}
. ;
\n {return;}

%%
main()
{
yylex();

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

if(flag==0)
printf("Sentence is Simple\n ");
else
printf("Sentence is Compound\n");
}
OUTPUT:
$ lex 2b.l $ lex 2b.l
$ cc lex.yy.c –ll $ cc lex.yy.c –ll
$./a.out $./a.out
Hai dear you there Hai dear I am not cumg
Sentence is Simple Sentence is Compound

3.Program to recognize and count the number of identifiers in the given input file. //3.l

%{
int idc=0;
%}

%option noyywrap
%x IDENT
ID [a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*
DTYPE "int "|"float "|"char "
%%

{DTYPE} { BEGIN IDENT; }

<IDENT>[^ ,]{ID} ;
<IDENT>{ID}"," { idc++; }
<IDENT>{ID}";" { idc++;BEGIN INITIAL; }

%%
main(int argc,char*argv[])
{
FILE *fp;
if(argc==2)
{
fp=fopen(argv[1],"r");
yyin=fp;
yylex();
printf(" Number of identifiers is = %d\n",idc);
}

else printf("input file is missing");

}

OUTPUT:
$ lex 3.l 3.c

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

$ cc lex.yy.c –ll main()

$./a.out 3.c {
Number of identifiers is = 5 int abc,sum,a;
float avg,amt;
}
YACC PROGRAMS:

4.a) Program to recognize a valid arithmetic expression that uses operators +,-,*,/. // 4a.y

%{
#include<stdio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
%}
%token DIG LET

%left '+''-'

%left '*''/'

%%
line: line exp '\n' { printf("valid Expression\n"); }
|
| line '\n'
| error '\n' { yyerror("invalid Expression\n");yyerrok; }
;
exp: exp '+' exp
| exp '-' exp
|exp '*' exp
|exp '/' exp
|'(' exp ')'
| num
| lts
;

num: DIG
| num DIG
;
lts: LET
| lts LET
| lts DIG
;
%%
main()
{
yyparse();
}
yyerror(char*s)
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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

{
printf("%s\n",s);
}

yylex()
{
int c;
while((c=getchar())==' ');
if(isdigit(c)) return DIG;
if(isalpha(c)) return LET;
return c;
}
OUTPUT:
$ yacc 4a.y
$ cc y.tab.c
$ ./a.out

(a+b)*c
valid Expression

a+(b+c
syntax error
invalid Expression

a++b
syntax error
invalid Expression

a+b*c
valid Expression

a+b*c a*b+c
syntax error
invalid Expression

4.b) Program to recognize a valid variable, which starts with a letter followed by any number of letters
or digits. //4b.y
%{
#include<stdio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
%}

%token DIG LET

%%

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

line: line var '\n' { printf("\n valid Variable\n"); }

|
| line '\n'
| error '\n' { yyerror("\ninvalid variable\n");yyerrok }
;
var: LET
| var LET
| var DIG
;
%%
main()
{
yyparse();
}
yyerror(char*s)
{
printf("%s\n",s);
}
yylex()
{
char c;
while((c=getchar())==' ');
if(isdigit(c)) return DIG;
if(isalpha(c)) return LET;
return c;
}
OUTPUT:
$ yacc 4b.y
$ cc y.tab.c
$ ./a.out
abc23
valid Variable

a123
valid Variable

133asd
syntax error
invalid variable

5.a) Program to evaluate an arithmetic expression involving operators +,-,*,/. // 5a.y

%{
#include<stdio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
%}

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

%token DIG
%left '+' '-'
%left '*' '/'
%left UMINUS
%%
line : line exp '\n' { printf("Res=%d\n",$2); }
|
| line '\n'
| error '\n' { yyerror("Invalid Exp:\n");yyerrok; }
;

exp : exp '+' exp { $$=$1+$3; }

| exp '-' exp { $$=$1-$3; }
|exp '*' exp { $$=$1*$3; }
|exp '/' exp {
if($3==0)
{
printf("\n Divide by 0 error\n");
return 0;
}
else
$$=$1/$3;
}
| '-'exp %prec UMINUS { $$=-$2; }
| num
;

num : DIG { $$=$1; }

| num DIG { $$=$1*10+$2; }
;
%%
main()
{
yyparse();
}
yyerror(char *s)
{
printf("%s\n",s);
}
yylex()
{
int c;
while((c=getchar())==' ');
if(isdigit(c))
{

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

yylval=c-'0';
return DIG;
}
return c;
}
OUTPUT:

$ yacc 5a.y
$ cc y.tab.c
$ ./a.out
3+4+5
Res=12
7-4+
Invalid Exp:
4/0
Divide by 0 error

5.b) Program to recognize a valid string 'aaab','abbb','ab' and 'a' using the grammer {anbn,n>=0}. //5b.y
%{
#include<stdio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
%}
%token A B
%%
line : line str '\n' { printf("\n valid expression\n"); }
|
| error '\n' { yyerror("\ninvalid expression\n"); yyerrok; }
;
str :
| A str B
;
%%
main()
{
yyparse();
}
yyerror(char *s)
{
printf("%s\n",s);
}
yylex()
{
int c;
while((c=getchar())==' ');
if(c=='a') return A;

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

if(c=='b') return B;
return c;
}

OUTPUT:
$ yacc 5b.y
$ cc y.tab.c
$ ./a.out

ab
valid expression
aaab
syntax error
invalid expression

abbb
syntax error
invalid expression

a
syntax error
invalid expression

6. Program to recognize the grammer {anb,n>=10} // 6.y

%{
#include<stdio.h>
#include<ctype.h>
%}
%token A B
%%
line : line str '\n' { printf("\n valid expression\n"); }
|
| line '\n'
| error '\n' { yyerror("\ninvalid expression\n"); yyerrok; }
;

str :AAAAAAAAAAB
| A str
;
%%
main()
{
yyparse();
}
yyerror(char *s)

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

{
printf("%s\n",s);
}

yylex()
{
int c;
while((c=getchar())==' ');
if(c=='a') return A;
if(c=='b') return B;
return c;
}
OUTPUT:
$ yacc 6.y
$ cc y.tab.c
$ ./a.out

aaaaaaaaaab
valid expression

ab
syntax error
invalid expression

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaab
valid expression

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

PART B
UNIX PROGRAMS:
7.a) Non-recursive shell script that accepts any number of argument and prints them in the Reverse order,
(For example, if the script is named rargs, then executing rargs A B C should produce C B A on the
standard output). //7a.sh

if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then echo "No arguments"
else
for i in "$@"
do
rev=$i' '$rev
done
echo "The Reverse string is $rev"
fi

OUTPUT:

$sh 7a.sh A B C $ chmod 777 7a.sh

OR
The Reverse string is C B A The Reverse string is C B A

7.b) C program that creates a child process to read commands from the standard input and execute
them(minimal implementation of shell like program). You can assume that no arguments will be
passed to the commands to be executed. //7b.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
pid_t pid;
char cmd[10];
pid=fork();
if (pid==0)
{
printf("Enter a UNIX command\n");
scanf("%s",cmd);
execlp(cmd,cmd,(char*)0);
exit(0);
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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

}
waitpid(pid,0,0);
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
$ cc 7b.c
$ ./a.out
Enter a UNIX command
date
Tue Aug 12 15:06:17 IST 2012

8.a) Shell script that accepts two file names as arguments, checks if the permissions for these files are
identical and if the permissions are identical, outputs the common permissions, otherwise outputs
each file name followed by its permissions. //8a.sh

if [ $# -ne 2 ]
then
echo "no arguments pls enter 2 arguments"
elif [ ! -e $1 -o ! -e $2 ]
then
echo "File does not exist"
else
per1=`ls -l $1 | cut -c 2-10`
per2=`ls -l $2 | cut -c 2-10`
if [ $per1 = $per2 ]
then
echo "Permissions are Identical:permission is $per1"
else
echo "Permissions are not Identical"
echo "permission of $1 is $per1"
echo "permission of $2 is $per2"
fi
fi
OUTPUT:
$ sh 8a.sh 1.c
no arguments pls enter 2 arguments This is System Software Lab

$ sh 8a.sh 1.c 2.c

Permissions are Identical:permission is rw-r—r—

$ sh 8a.sh 1.c 2.c //if 1.c or 2.c doesn’t created means

2.c
File does not exist HKBK college of Engineering

$ chmod 777 1.c

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

$ chmod 770 2.c

$ sh 2a.sh 1.c 2.c
Permissions are not Identical
permission of 1.c is rwxrwxrwx
permission of 2.c is rw-r--r--
8.b) C program to create a file with 16 bytes of arbitrary data from the beginning and another 16 bytes of
arbitrary data from an offset of 48. Display the file contents to demonstrate how the hole in file is
handled. // 8b.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
int main()
{
char a[]="1111111111111111";
char b[]="2222222222222222";
int fd;
fd=open("hole",O_CREAT|O_WRONLY,0777);
write(fd,a,16);
lseek(fd,48,SEEK_SET);
write(fd,b,16);
close(fd);
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

$ cc 2b.c
$ ./a.out
$ od -bc hole
0000000 061 061 061 061 061 061 061 061 061 061 061 061 061 061 061 061
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0000020 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
\0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0 \0
*
0000060 062 062 062 062 062 062 062 062 062 062 062 062 062 062 062 062
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0000100

9.a) Shell script that accepts filenames specified as arguments and creates a shell script that contains this file
as well as the code to recreate these files . thus if the script generated by your script is executed, it
would recreate the original files . //9a.sh

if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

echo "No Arguments"

exit
fi
for i in "$@"
do

if [ ! -e $i ]
then
echo "$i not existing"
else
echo "cat >$i <<'end of $i'"
cat $i
echo "end of $i"
echo "echo $i is Recreated "
fi
done

OUTPUT:

$ sh 9a.sh 2a.l > t

$ mkdir k

$ cd k

$ ../t

2a.l is Recreated

9.b) C program to do the following: using fork() create a child process. The child process prints its own
process id and id of its parent and then exits. The parent process waits for its child to finish(by
executing the wait()) and prints its own process id and the id of its child process and then exits. //9b.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<unistd.h>
int main()
{
pid_t pid;
pid=fork();
if(pid==0)
{
printf("Output from child process:\n");
printf("The id of child process=%d\n",getpid());
printf("The id of parent process=%d\n",getppid());
exit(0);
}
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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

pid=waitpid(pid,0,0);
printf("Output from parent process:\n");
printf("The id of child process=%d\n",pid());
printf("The id of parent process=%d\n",getpid());
exit(1);
}
OUTPUT:
$ cc 9b.c
$ ./a.out

Output from child process:

The id of child process=2898

The id of parent process=2897

Output from parent process:

The id of child process=2898

The id of parent process=2897

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

Operating Systems Programs: Using OpenMP

10: Design, develop and execute a program in C/C++ to simulate the working of Shortest Remaining
time and Round Robin Scheduling algorithms. Experiment with different Quantum sizes for the
Round Robin algorithm. In all cases, determine the average turn Around time. Input can be read
from keyboard or from a file.

#include<stdio.h>
struct proc
{
int id;
int arrival;
int burst;
int rem;
int wait;
int finish;
int turnaround;
float ratio;
}process[10]; //structure to hold the process information
struct proc temp;
int no;

int chkprocess(int);
int nextprocess();
void roundrobin(int, int, int[], int[]);
void srtf(int);

main()
{
int n,tq,choice;
int bt[10],st[10],i,j,k;
for(; ;)
{
printf("Enter the choice \n");
printf(" 1. Round Robin\n 2. SRT\n 3. Exit \n");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
printf("Round Robin scheduling algorithm\n");
printf("Enter number of processes:\n");

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter burst time for sequences:");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&bt[i]);
st[i]=bt[i]; //service time
}
printf("Enter time quantum:");
scanf("%d",&tq);
roundrobin(n,tq,st,bt);
break;

case 2:
printf("\n \n ---SHORTEST REMAINING TIME NEXT---\n \n ");
printf("\n \n Enter the number of processes: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
srtf(n);
break;

case 3: exit(0);
}// end of switch
}// end of for
}//end of main()

void roundrobin(int n,int tq,int st[],int bt[])

{
int time=0;
int tat[10],wt[10],i,count=0,swt=0,stat=0,temp1,sq=0,j,k;
float awt=0.0,atat=0.0;
while(1)
{
for(i=0,count=0;i<n;i++)
{
temp1=tq;
if(st[i]==0) // when service time of a process equals zero then
//count value is incremented
{
count++;
continue;
}
if(st[i]>tq) // when service time of a process greater than time
//quantum then time
st[i]=st[i]-tq; //quantum value subtracted from service time
else
if(st[i]>=0)
{

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

temp1=st[i]; // temp1 stores the service time of a process

st[i]=0; // making service time equals 0
}
sq=sq+temp1; // utilizing temp1 value to calculate turnaround time
tat[i]=sq; // turn around time
} //end of for
if(n==count) // it indicates all processes have completed their task because the count value
break; // incremented when service time equals 0
} //end of while

for(i=0;i<n;i++) // to calculate the wait time and turnaround time of each process
{
wt[i]=tat[i]-bt[i]; // waiting time calculated from the turnaround time - burst time
swt=swt+wt[i]; // summation of wait time
stat=stat+tat[i]; // summation of turnaround time
}
awt=(float)swt/n; // average wait time
atat=(float)stat/n; // average turnaround time
printf("Process_no Burst time Wait time Turn around time\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d\t\t%d\t\t%d\t\t%d\n",i+1,bt[i],wt[i],tat[i]);
printf("Avg wait time is %f\n Avg turn around time is %f\n",awt,atat);
}// end of Round Robin

int chkprocess(int s) // function to check process remaining time is zero or not

{
int i;
for(i = 1; i <= s; i++)
{
if(process[i].rem != 0)
return 1;
}
return 0;
} // end of chkprocess

int nextprocess() // function to identify the next process to be executed

{
int min, l, i;
min = 32000; //any limit assumed
for(i = 1; i <= no; i++)
{
if( process[i].rem!=0 && process[i].rem < min)
{
min = process[i].rem;
l = i;

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

}
}
return l;
} // end of nextprocess

void srtf(int n)
{
int i,j,k,time=0;
float tavg,wavg;
for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
process[i].id = i;
printf("\n\nEnter the arrival time for process %d: ", i);
scanf("%d", &(process[i].arrival));
printf("Enter the burst time for process %d: ", i);
scanf("%d", &(process[i].burst));
process[i].rem = process[i].burst;
}
for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
for(j = i + 1; j <= n; j++)
{
if(process[i].arrival > process[j].arrival) // sort arrival time of a process
{
temp = process[i];
process[i] = process[j];
process[j] = temp;
}
}
}
no = 0;
j = 1;
while(chkprocess(n) == 1)
{
if(process[no + 1].arrival == time)
{
no++;
if(process[j].rem==0)
process[j].finish=time;
j = nextprocess();
}

if(process[j].rem != 0) // to calculate the waiting time of a process

{
process[j].rem--;

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

for(i = 1; i <= no; i++)

{
if(i != j && process[i].rem != 0)
process[i].wait++;
}
}
else
{

process[j].finish = time;
j=nextprocess();
time--;
k=j;
}

time++;
}
process[k].finish = time;

printf("\n\n\t\t\t---SHORTEST REMAINING TIME FIRST---");

printf("\n\n Process Arrival Burst Waiting Finishing turnaround Tr/Tb \n");
printf("%5s %9s %7s %10s %8s %9s\n\n", "id", "time", "time", "time", "time", "time");
for(i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
process[i].turnaround = process[i].wait + process[i].burst; // calc of turnaround
process[i].ratio = (float)process[i].turnaround / (float)process[i].burst;

printf("%5d %8d %7d %8d %10d %9d %10.1f ", process[i].id, process[i].arrival,
process[i].burst, process[i].wait, process[i].finish, process[i].turnaround,
process[i].ratio);
tavg=tavg+ process[i].turnaround; //summation of turnaround time
wavg=wavg+process[i].wait; // summation of waiting time
printf("\n\n");
}

tavg=tavg/n; // average turnaround time

wavg=wavg/n; // average wait time
printf("tavg=%f\t wavg=%f\n",tavg,wavg);
}// end of srtf

OUTPUT:
Enter the choice
1) Round Robin 2) SRT
3) Exit
1
Round Robin scheduling algorithm

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

**********************************
Enter number of processes:3
Enter burst time for sequences:24
3
3

Enter time quantum:4

Process_no Burst time Wait time Turnaround time
1 24 6 30
2 3 4 7
3 3 7 10
Avg wait time is 5.666667
Avg turnaround time is 15.666667
Enter the choice
1) Round Robin 2) SRT
3) Exit
2
---SHORTEST REMAINING TIME NEXT---
Enter the number of processes: 4
Enter the arrival time for process 1: 0
Enter the burst time for process 1: 8
Enter the arrival time for process 2: 1
Enter the burst time for process 2: 4
Enter the arrival time for process 3: 2
Enter the burst time for process 3: 9
Enter the arrival time for process 4: 3
Enter the burst time for process 4: 5
1 24 6 30
2 3 4 7
3 3 7 10
---SHORTEST REMAINING TIME FIRST---
Enter the number of processes: 4
Enter the arrival time for process 1: 0
Enter the burst time for process 1: 8
Enter the arrival time for process 2: 1
Enter the burst time for process 2: 4
Enter the arrival time for process 3: 2
Enter the burst time for process 3: 9
Enter the arrival time for process 4: 3
Enter the burst time for process 4: 5
---SHORTEST REMAINING TIME NEXT---

Process Arrival Burst Waiting Finishing turnaround Tr/Tb

id time time time time time time
1 0 8 9 17 17 2.1
2 1 4 0 5 4 1.0

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

3 2 9 15 26 24 2.7
4 3 5 2 10 7 1.4

tavg=13.000000
wavg=6.500000
11: Design develop and run a multi-threaded program to generate and print Fibonacci series. One
thread has to generate the numbers up to the specified limit and Another thread has to print them.
Ensure proper synchronization.
# include<stdio.h>
# include<omp.h>
# include<stdlib.h>

int MAX;
int Fibonacci(int n)
{
int x, y;
if (n < 2)
return n;
else
{
x = Fibonacci(n - 1);
y = Fibonacci(n - 2);
return (x + y);
}
}

int FibonacciTask(int n)
{
int x, y;
if (n < 2)
return n;
else
{
x = Fibonacci(n - 1);
y = Fibonacci(n - 2);
return (x + y);
}
}
/* random number generation upto 24 */
int random_num()
{
int temp;
temp = rand();
temp = temp%24;
MAX = temp;
return(MAX);

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

int main(int argc, char * argv[])

{

int FibNumber[25] = {0};

int j, temp,tmp,id,i = 0;
int n, tid, nthreads;

printf("Please Enter the number Range :");

scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n");
omp_set_num_threads(2);

//Parallel region
# pragma omp parallel
{
printf("The number of threads are %d\n",omp_get_num_threads());
# pragma omp for private (tid, tmp, FibNumber)
for(j = 1; j<=n; j++)
{
tmp = random_num();
/* Get thread number */
/* tid = omp_get_thread_num();
printf("The number of threads are %d\n",omp_get_num_threads());
printf("The thread id is = %d\n", tid); */
/* The critical section here will enable, not more then one
thread to execute in this section (synchronization) */
# pragma omp critical
{
/* Get thread number */
/* tid = omp_get_thread_num();
printf("********************* inside critical section
******************\n");
printf("The thread id is = %d\n", tid); */
for(i = 1; i <= tmp; i++)
FibNumber[i] = FibonacciTask(i);
printf("The number value is %d:",tmp);
for(i = 1; i <= tmp; i++)
printf("%d \t", FibNumber[i]);
printf("\n\n");
}
}

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

}
}

OUTPUT:
lease Enter the number Range : 7
The number value is 7:1 1 2 3 5 8 13

The number value is 22:1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 6765 10946 17711

The number value is 9:1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

The number value is 19:1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181

The number value is 17:1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

144 233 377 610 987 1597

The number value is 7:1 1 2 3 5 8 13

The number value is 10:1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55

12: Design, develop and run a program to implement the Banker’s Algorithm. Demonstrate its
Working with different data values.

#include<stdio.h>
struct process

{
int all[6],max[6],need[6],finished,request[6];
}p[10];
int avail[6],sseq[10],ss=0,check1=0,check2=0,n,pid,work[6];
int nor,nori;
int main()
{
int safeseq(void);
int ch,i=0,j=0,k,pid,ch1;
int violationcheck=0,waitcheck=0;
do
{
printf("\n\n\t 1. Input");
printf("\n\n\t 2. New Request");
printf("\n\n\t 3. Safe State or Not");
printf("\n\n\t 4. print");
30 Prepared By: B. Fakruddin , Dept of CSE, HKBKCE 2013
10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

printf("\n\n\t 5. Exit");
printf("\n\n\t Enter ur choice :");
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{

case 1:
printf("\n\n\t Enter number of processes : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n\n\t Enter the Number of Resources : ");
scanf("%d",&nor);
printf("\n\n\t Enter the Available Resouces : ");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
for(k=0;k<nor;k++)

{
if(j==0)
{
printf("\n\n\t For Resource type %d : ",k);
scanf("%d",&avail[k]);
}
p[j].max[k]=0;
p[j].all[k]=0;
p[j].need[k]=0;
p[j].finished=0;
p[j].request[k]=0;
}
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n\n\t Enter Max and Allocated resources for P %d : ",i);
for(j=0;j<nor;j++)
{
printf("\n\n\t Enter the Max of resource %d : ",j);
scanf("%d",&p[i].max[j]);
printf("\n\n\t Allocation of resource %d :",j);
scanf("%d",&p[i].all[j]);
if(p[i].all[j]>p[i].max[j])
{
printf("\n\n\t Allocation should be less < or == max");
j--;
}
else
p[i].need[j]=p[i].max[j]-p[i].all[j];
avail[j]=avail[j]-p[i].all[j];
}
}
break;
case 2:
violationcheck=0;
waitcheck=0;
printf("\n\n\t Requesting process id :");
scanf("%d",&pid);
31 Prepared By: B. Fakruddin , Dept of CSE, HKBKCE 2013
10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

for(j=0;j<nor;j++)
{
printf("\n\n\t Number of Request for resource %d :",j);
scanf("%d",&p[pid].request[j]);
if(p[pid].request[j]>p[pid].need[j])
violationcheck=1;
if(p[pid].request[j]>avail[j])
waitcheck=1;
}
if (violationcheck==1)
printf("\n\n\t The Process Exceeds it’s Max Need: Terminated");
else if(waitcheck==1)
printf("\n\n\t Lack of Resourcess : Process State – Wait");
else
{
for(j=0;j<nor;j++)
{
avail[j]=avail[j]-p[pid].request[j];
p[pid].all[j]=p[pid].all[j]+p[pid].request[j];
p[pid].need[j]=p[pid].need[j]-p[pid].request[j];
}
ch1=safeseq();
if(ch1==0)
{
for(j=0;j<nor;j++)
{
avail[j]=avail[j]+p[pid].request[j];
p[pid].all[j]=p[pid].all[j]-p[pid].request[j];
p[pid].need[j]=p[pid].need[j]+p[pid].request[j];
}
}
else if(ch1==1)
printf("\n\n\t Request Committed ");
}
break;
case 3:
if(safeseq()==1)
printf("\n\n\t The System is in safe state ");
else
printf("\n\n\t The System is Not in safe state ");
break;
case 4:
printf("\n\n\t Number of processes : %d",n);
printf("\n\n\t Number of Resources : %d",nor);
printf("\n\n\t Pid \t Max \t Allocated \t Need ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\n\n\t P%d : ",i);
for(j=0;j<nor;j++)
printf(" %d",p[i].max[j]);
printf("\t");
for(j=0;j<nor;j++)
printf("%d",p[i].all[j]);
printf("\t");
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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

for(j=0;j<nor;j++)
printf("%d",p[i].need[j]);
}
printf("\n\n\t Available :");
for(i=0;i<nor;i++)
printf("%d",avail[i]);
break;
case 5:
break;
}
//getch();
}while(ch!=5);
}

int safeseq()
{
int tj,tk,i,j,k;
ss=0;
for(j=0;j<nor;j++)
work[j]=avail[j];
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
p[j].finished=0;
for( tk=0;tk<nor;tk++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(p[j].finished==0)
{
check1=0;
for(k=0;k<nor;k++)
if(p[j].need[k]<=work[k])
check1++;
if(check1==nor)
{
for(k=0;k<nor;k++)
{
work[k]=work[k]+p[j].all[k];
p[j].finished=1;
}
sseq[ss]=j;
ss++;
}
}
}
}
check2=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
if(p[i].finished==1)
check2++;
printf("\n\n\t");
if(check2>=n)
{
printf("\n\n\t The system is in safe state");
for( tj=0;tj<n;tj++)
33 Prepared By: B. Fakruddin , Dept of CSE, HKBKCE 2013
10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

printf("P%d,",sseq[tj]);
return 1;
}
else
printf("\n\n\t The system is Not in safe state");
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

1. Input
2. New Request
3. Safe State or Not
4. print
5. Exit
Enter ur choice :1

Enter number of processes : 5

Enter the Number of Resources : 3
Enter the Available Resouces :
For Resource type 0 : 10
For Resource type 1 : 5
For Resource type 2 : 7

Enter Max and Allocated resources for P 0 :

Enter the Max of resource 0 : 7

Allocation of resource 0 :0

Enter the Max of resource 1 : 5

Allocation of resource 1 :1

Enter the Max of resource 2 : 3

Allocation of resource 2 :0

Enter Max and Allocated resources for P 1 :

Enter the Max of resource 0 : 3

Allocation of resource 0 :2

Enter the Max of resource 1 : 2

Allocation of resource 1 :0

Enter the Max of resource 2 : 2

Allocation of resource 2 :0

Enter Max and Allocated resources for P 2 :

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

Enter the Max of resource 0 : 9

Allocation of resource 0 :3

Enter the Max of resource 1 : 0

Allocation of resource 1 :0

Enter the Max of resource 2 : 2

Allocation of resource 2 :2

Enter Max and Allocated resources for P 3 :

Enter the Max of resource 0 : 2

Allocation of resource 0 :2

Enter the Max of resource 1 : 2

Allocation of resource 1 :1

Enter the Max of resource 2 : 2

Allocation of resource 2 :1

Enter Max and Allocated resources for P 4 :

Enter the Max of resource 0 : 4

Allocation of resource 0 :0

Enter the Max of resource 1 : 3

Allocation of resource 1 :0

Enter the Max of resource 2 : 3

Allocation of resource 2 :2

1. Input

2. New Request

3. Safe State or Not

4. print

5. Exit

Enter ur choice :3

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10CSL58 SYSTEM SOFTWARE & OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB MANUAL V SEM CSE

The system is in safe stateP1,P3,P4,P0,P2,

The System is in safe state

1. Input

2. New Request

3. Safe State or Not

4. print

5. Exit

Enter ur choice :2

Requesting process id :1

Number of Request for resource 0 :1

Number of Request for resource 1 :0

Number of Request for resource 2 :2

The system is in safe stateP1,P3,P4,P0,P2,

Request Committed
1. Input
2. New Request
3. Safe State or Not
4. print
5. Exit

Enter ur choice :2

Requesting process id :2

Number of Request for resource 0 :2

Number of Request for resource 1 :2

Number of Request for resource 2 :3

The Process Exceeds it�s Max Need: Terminated

-------------------------------------------------------- END-----------------------------------------------------

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37 Prepared By: B. Fakruddin , Dept of CSE, HKBKCE 2013