Vng Lp

I. Vng lp c s bc lp cc nh
Trc ht chng ta xt v d sau :
Gi s ta phi vit ra mn h!nh c"c s# t$ % &n '() m*i s# chim + dng
Vi,c n- c. th/ th0c hi,n 12ng '3 4,nh 5rit64n
5rit64n7%8
5rit64n7+8
9999999999
5rit64n7'(8
:"ch vit n- r; rng 4 di dng v t< nh=t tr>ng ?hi n. c. @u- 4uAt
:hng ta c. th/ tha- th 12ng 4,nh 5rit64n7B8 tr>ng &. B 4 mCt 1in ngu-Dn
1Et ?! nhAn gi" trF t$ %99'(
GHI B:J% TH '( KH 5rit64n7B8
Vng 4p n- ch> B ch=- t$ % &n '( vi m*i gi" trF cLa B) m"- sM th0c hi,n
cNng vi,c vit sau chO KH 74m8) P &Q- 4 5rit64n7B8
RSu vit tTng @u"t :
GHI UinV&iWuV?hi/n:JGi"VtrFV&Xu TH Gi"VtrFVcu#i KH Yvi,cZ
V ng[c 4=i ta c. mSu :
GHI UinV&iWuV?hi/n:JGi"VtrFV&Xu KH5\TH Gi"VtrFVcu#i KH Yvi,cZ
II. Vng lp c s bc lp khng xc nh
:. ' ?i/u vng 4p ?hNng x"c &Fnh
I]^]_T 5`BL] Y1i/u thac U>>46anZKH
YcNng vi,cZb U]GB\
c\TBL YUi/u thac U>>46anZb YcNng vi,cZb
]\Kb
Tr>ng 4,nh I]^]_T 999 c\TBL 999 m"-
tnh sM 4p &i 4p 4=i chu ?! sau : th0c
hi,n YcNng vi,cZ ch> &n ?hi Y1i/u thac
U>>46anZ c. gi" trF TIc]9 GiOa I]^]_T v
c\TBL ?hNng cXn ddng U]GB\ v ]\K
:n tr>ng vng 4p 5`BL] 999 KH m"- tnh sM 4p &i 4p 4=i chu ?! sau :
ch$ng n> Y1i/u thac U>>46anZ c. gi" trF TIc] th! &i th0c hi,n YcNng
vi,cZ &[c &t giOa U]GB\ v ]\K
: hai vng 4p &Wu c. s# 4Xn 4p ?hNng x"c &Fnh trc9 :Xn phi 4u e 4
tr>ng ?hi th0c hi,n YcNng vi,cZ 4p) ta phi c. mCt 4,nh 4m tha- &Ti mCt
1in tr>ng 1i/u thac U>>46an &/ tha- &Ti gi" trF 1i/u thac nh2m d$ng vng
4p 4=i v! nu ?hNng vng 4p sM ch=- mfi ?hNng d$ng
VK : Tnh _ J + g +h' g +hi g 999 g +h\
Kdng I]^]_T v ch> B ch=- thuAn
_:J%bB:J+b
I]^]_T
_ :J _ g +hBb
B :J B g +b
c\TBL BZ\b
5rit64n7jTTng J j)_:+%:k8b
Kdng 5`BL] v ch> B ch=- ng[c
+
_:J%bB:J\b
5`BL] BZ% KH
U]GB\
_ :J _ g +hBb
B :J B l +b
]\Kb
Bi 1:m \hAp s# ngu-Dn dnng \9 oau &. nhAp \ s# ngu-Dn dnng9 T!m s# 4n
nhEt)
nhp nhEt v tnh trung 1!nh cLa c"c phXn tq
var i)a)n:int6g6rbmrhai 1"> i)a)n ?i/u int6g6rq
max)min)t>ng:int6g6rbmrhai 1"> max)min)t>ng ?i/u int6g6rq
16gin
srit67j\ J j8br6ad4n7n8bm\hAp \q
min:JmaxintbmG"n min 12ng maxintq
max:J%bt>ng:J%bmG"n max v tTng 12ng %q
t>r i:J+ t> n d>m:h> i ch=- t$ + &n nq
16gin
srit67jo> thu j)i)j : j8br6ad4n7a8bmuvc s# tha i v> 1in aq
it minZa th6n min:Jabm\u minZa th! g"n min 12ng aq
it maxYa th6n max:Jabm\u maxYa th! g"n max 12ng aq
inc7t>ng)a8bmTwng tTng 4Dn a &nn vFq
6ndb
srit64n7jRax J j)max8bmxuEt maxq
srit64n7jRin J j)min8bmxuEt minq
srit64n7jTrung 1inh : j)t>nghn:%:'8bmxuEt trung 1!nhq
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi 2:
m \wm na- c>n a tuTi) cha 1 tuTi9 Kdng 5`BL] tnh x6m sau mE- nwm nOa
h>c trc
&Q- mE- nwm tuTi cha gEp &Ni tuTi c>n
`ng dSn
\u ay'J1 th! P hi,n t=i
\u ay'Y1 th! P tnng 4ai
\u ay'Z1 th! P tr>ng @u" ?haq
var a)1)s>:int6g6rbma)1)s> ?i/u int6g6rq
16gin
srit67j\hap tu>i c>n) tu>i cha : j8br6ad4n7a)18bm\hAp tuTi c>n) tuTi chaq
it aJ1y' th6n srit67j`i6n tai tu>i cha gap d>i c>nj8m\u aJ1 th! P hi,n t=iq
64s6 it ay'Y1 th6nm\g[c 4=i nu ay'Y1 th!q
16gin
s>:J%bmG"n s> 12ng %q
shi46 7ags>8y'Y1gs> d> inc7s>8bmTr>ng ?hi 7ags>8y'Y1gs> th! twng s# 4Dnq
srit64n7joau j)s>)j nam nua tu>i cha gap d>i tu>i c>nj8bmxuEt ra sau zs>z nam
nuaq
6nd
'
64s6
16gin
s>:J%bmG"n s> 12ng %q
shi46 7als>8y'Z1ls> d> inc7s>8bmTr>ng ?hi 7als>8y'Y1ls> th! twng s# 4Dnq
srit64n7jTru>c da- j)s>)j nam tu>i cha gap d>i tu>i c>nj8bmxuEt ra tru>c d> zs>z
namq
6ndb
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi 3:
m \hAp ' s# ngu-Dn dnng9 T!m c chung 4n nhEt v 1Ci chung nhp nhEt cLa '
s# &.
`ng dSn
c:L\7a)18 J c:L\7a)al18 nu aZ1
J c:L\7a)1la8 nu 1Za
U:\\7a)18 J ay1 div c:L\7a)18q
var a)1:int6g6rbma)1 ?i/u int6g6rq
tich:4>ngintbmtich ?i/u 4>ngintq
16gin
srit67j_) U J j8br6ad4n7a)18bmuvc a)1q
tich:Jay1bmG"n tich 12ng ay1q
shi46 aYZ1 d>mTr>ng ?hi aYZ1 th!q
it aZ1 th6n a:Jal1 64s6 1:J1labm\u aZ1 th! g"n aJal1 ng[c 4=i g"n 1J1laq
srit64n7jc:L\ J j)a8bmxuEt c:L\ 7a h>c 18q
srit64n7jU:\\ J j)tich div 18bmxuEt U:\\q
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi 4:
m Kdng I]^]_T 999 c\TBL in ra mn h!nh 1ng nhQn \ 7t$ \x+ ti \x+%8q
var i)n:int6g6rbmrhai 1"> i)n ?i/u int6g6rq
16gin
srit67j\ J j8br6ad4n7n8bmuvc \q
i:J%bmG"n i 12ng %q
r6p6at
inc7i8bmTwng iq
srit64n7n:')j x j)i:')j J j)nyi:i8bmxuEt n)i)nyiq
unti4 iJ+%b
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi :m Bn ra mn h!nh c"c gi" trF sin) c>s) tan cLa c"c g.c %) 3) +%) +3 999 {%
`ng dSn
i
Kdng hm sin7x8 c>s7x8 nhng phi &Ti s# &C sang radian 7x c. &nn vF 4
radian8 12ng
:T Iadian J piyo# &C h +k%
Tnh tang d0a v> :T tanJsinhc>s nhng nh tan{% ?hNng t|n t=iq
c>nst piJi9+(bmrhai 1"> h2ng piJi9+(q
var i:int6g6rbmi ?i/u int6g6rq
x:r6a4bmx ?i/u r6a4q
16gin
t>r i:J% t> +k d>m:h> i ch=- t$ % &n +k 7iy3 tnng ang s# &C8q
16gin
x:Jpiyiy3h+k%bmuTi iy3 &C sang x radianq
srit67join j)iy3:')j J j)sin7x8:%:3)j j8bmxuEt sinq
srit67j:>s j)iy3:')j J j)c>s7x8:%:3)j j8bmxuEt c>sq
it iYZ+k th6n srit67jTan j)iy3:')j J j)sin7x8hc>s7x8:%:38m\u iYZ+k th! xuEt
sin7x8hc>s7x8q
64s6 srit67jTan {% ?h>ng t>n taij8bm\g[c 4=i xuEt Tan ?hNng t|n t=iq
srit64nb
6ndb
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi !:
m Uit \} J +x'xix99x\
Bn ra mn h!nh giai th$a c"c s# t$ + ti +'
+} J +
'} J '
i} J ~
`ng dSn
^hi ddng ?i/u 4>ngint &/ tnh v! s# rEt 4n q
us6s crtb
var
i)n:4>ngintbmrhai 1"> i)n ?i/u 4>ngintq
16gin
c4rscrbmx>" mn h!nhq
n:J+bmG"n n 12ng +q
t>r i:J+ t> +' d>m:h> i ch=- t$ + &n +'q
16gin
n:JnyibmG"n n 12ng nyiq
srit64n7i)j } J j)n8bmxuEt ra \q
6ndb
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi ":
m \hAp s# ngu-Dn dnng \ 7\Y+%89
a9 Bn ra mn h!nh c"c chnh h[p 4p chAp i cLa \ phXn t
19 Bn ra mn h!nh c"c chnh h[p ?hNng 4p chAp i cLa \ phXn t9
c9 Bn ra mn h!nh c"c tT h[p chAp i cLa \9
(
`ng dSn
:hnh h[p 4p :
iJ+lZ\ J+lZ\ ?J+lZ\ : xuEt i))?
:hnh h[p ?hNng 4p :
iJ+lZ\ J+lZ\ ?J+lZ\ :
\u iYZYZ? th! xuEt
TT h[p
iJ+lZ\l' Jig+lZ\l+ ?Jg+lZ\ : xuEt i))?q
var
i))?)n:1-t6bmi))?)n ?i/u 1-t6q
16gin
srit67j\ J j8br6ad4n7n8bmuvc \q
srit64n7j:ac chinh h>p 4ap :j8b
t>r i:J+ t> n d>m:h> i ch=- t$ + &n \q
t>r :J+ t> n d>m:h> ch=- t$ + &n \q
t>r ?:J+ t> n d>m:h> ? ch=- t$ + &n \q
srit67i))?)j j8b
r6ad4nb
srit64n7j:ac chinh h>p ?h>ng 4ap :j8b
t>r i:J+ t> n d>m:h> i ch=- t$ + &n \q
t>r :J+ t> n d>m:h> ch=- t$ + &n \q
t>r ?:J+ t> n d>m:h> ? ch=- t$ + &n \q
it7iYZ8and7YZ?8and7iYZ?8th6n srit67i))?)j j8bm\u iYZYZ? th! xuEt mi
xuEt i))?q
r6ad4nb
srit64n7j:ac t> h>p :j8b
t>r i:J+ t> nl' d>m:h> i ch=- t$ + &n \l'q
t>r :Jig+ t> nl+ d>m:h> ch=- t$ ig+ &n \l+q
t>r ?:Jg+ t> n d>m:h> ? ch=- t$ g+ &n \q
srit67i))?)j j8b
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi #:
m Bn ra mn h!nh 1ng cu chnng t$ +lZ+%
`ng dSn
Kdng hm GHTHx7x)-8 &/ di chu-/n ti t>= &C cCt x dng - trDn mn h!nh
Ta chia chiWu ngang mn h!nh thnh 3 cCt) chiWu dvc mn h!nh thnh '
hng9 T$ hng
'99++ ta in 1ng +)')i)()39 T$ hng +i99'' ta in 1ng ~))k){)+%
rhi ta ti hng i x th! t>= &C 1t &Xu sM 4
- J g+ nu iY~
J g+' nu iZJ~
x J 77il+8m>d 38y+~g+bq
us6s crtb
var i))x)-:1-t6bmi))x)- ?i/u 1-t6q
16gin
3
c4rscrbmx>" mn h!nhq
t>r i:J+ t> +% d>m:h> i ch=- t$ + &n +% 7i 4 1ng8q
t>r :J+ t> +% d>m:h> ch=- t$ + &n +%q
16gin
it iY~ th6n -:Jg+ 64s6 -:Jg+'bmTnh - th6> :T P phXn thuAt t>"nq
x:J77il+8m>d 38y+~g+bmTnh x th6> :T P phXn thuAt t>"nq
g>t>x-7x)-8bm\h- ti vF tr x)-q
srit67i)j x j))j J j)iy8b
6ndb
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi $:
m Vit chnng tr!nh gii 1i t>"n :
Trwm trQu) trwm 1. cp
TrQu &ang wn nwm
TrQu n2m wn 1a
L ?h trQu gi i c>n + 1.
`pi m*i 4>=i c. mE- c>n
`ng dSn
uiWu ?i,n trDn th> ?hi :
+%% J 7stdy3gstnyigstgi8
v stdgstngstgiyiJ+%%
Tr>ng &.
std : o# trQu &ang YJ'%
stn : o# trQu n2m YJii
stgi : o# 1. cp trQu gi wnYJiiq
var std)stn)stgi:1-t6bmstd)stn)stgi ?i/u 1-t6q
16gin
c4rscrb
t>r std:J+ t> '% d>m:h> std ch=- t$ + &n '%q
t>r stn:J+ t> ii d>m:h> stn ch=- t$ + &n iiq
t>r stgi:J+ t> ii d>m:h> stgi ch=- t$ + &n iiq
it7stdy3gstnyigstgiJ+%%8and7stdgstngstgiyiJ+%%8th6nm\u ur &W 1i
th>q
16gin
srit64n7jo> trau dung : j)std8bmxuEt stdq
srit64n7jo> trau nam : j)stn8bmxuEt stnq
srit64n7jo> trau gia : j)stgiyi8bmxuEt stgq
srit64nb
6ndb
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi 1%:
m T!m tEt c c"c s# c. i chO s# sa> ch>
~
a1c J _i g Ui g :iq
var a)1)c:1-t6bma)1)c ?i/u 1-t6q
16gin
srit64n7j:ac s> can tim 4a : j8b
t>r a:J+ t> { d>m:h> a ch=-q
t>r 1:J% t> { d>m:h> 1 ch=-q
t>r c:J% t> { d>m:h> c ch=-q
it ay+%%g1y+%gcJayayag1y1y1gcycyc th6n srit64n7a)1)c8bm\u ur th> th!
xuEt a)1)cq
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi 11:
m \hAp s# ngu-Dn \9
a9 Bn ra mn h!nh \ s# ngu-Dn dnng 4< &Xu tiDn 4 1Ci cLa i
19 Bn ra mn h!nh s# ngu-Dn chn &Xu tiDn chia ht ch> i d ') chia 3 d (
c9 Bn ra mn h!nh c"c s# chnh phnng nhp hnn h>c 12ng \y\
`ng dSn
a9 K thE- df- 4 cEp s# cCng9 o# ngu-Dn &Xu tiDn 4 i) cNng sai 4 ~
o# ngu-Dn dnng 4< tha i 4 1Ci cLa i
ig7il+8y~
19 Kf- 4 cEp s# cCng9 o# ngu-Dn &Xu tiDn 4 +() cNng sai 4 iy3y'Ji%9 o# tha
i sM c. cNng thac
+(g7il+8yi%b
c9 K dng nhAn ra &. 4 nhOng s# iyi7iYJ\8q
var i)n:int6g6rbmrhai 1"> i)n ?i/u int6g6rq
16gin
srit67j\ J j8br6ad4n7n8bmuvc \q srit64n7j:au aj8b
t>r i:J+ t> n d> srit67ig7il+8y~:38bm:h> i ch=- v in ra n phXn t th6> :T P
thuAt t>"nq
srit64nbsrit64n7j:au 1j8b
t>r i:J+ t> n d> srit67+(g7il+8yi%:38bm:h> i ch=- v in ra n phXn t th6> :T P
thuAt t>"nq
srit64nbsrit64n7j:au cj8b
t>r i:J+ t> n d> srit67iyi:38bm:h> i ch=- v in ra n phXn t th6> :T P thuAt
t>"nq
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi 12:
m \hAp mCt s# \ ?i/u 4>ngint9
a9 Bn ra mn h!nh s# chO s# cLa n.9
19 Tnh s# R 12ng c"ch 4E- ng[c 4=i s# \
VK : \ J +'i(
:. ( chO s#
R J (i'+
`ng dSn

LXn 4[t ct t$ng chO s# cLa \ t$ tr"i @ua \ J \ div +%9 Twng s# chO s# 4Dn + v
?t h[p
chO s# &. v> trc Rq
var
n)m:4>ngintbm\) R ?i/u 4>ngintq
scs:1-t6bmscs ?i/u 1-t6q
16gin
srit67j\ J j8br6ad4n7n8bmuvc \q
m:J%bscs:J%bmG"n m v scs 12ng %q
shi46 nZ% d>mTr>ng ?hi nZ% th!q
16gin
m:Jmy+%gn m>d +%bmrt h[p chO s# hng &nn vF cLa \ v> sau Rq
inc7scs8bmTwng s# chO s# 4Dn +q
n:Jn div +%bm:t 1p chO s# hng &nn vF cLa \q
6ndb
srit64n7jo> chu s> : j)scs8bmxuEt s# chO s#q
srit64n7jR J j)m8bmxuEt Rq
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi 13:m \hAp chiWu di) chiWu rCng cLa mCt hcn9 `f- vM ra mn h!nh
VK : aJ( 1J~
a9 y y y y y y
y y y y y y
y y y y y y
y y y y y y
19y y y y y y
y y
y y
y y y y y yq
us6s crtb
var
i))a)1:1-t6bmi))a)1 ?i/u 1-t6q
16gin
c4rscrbmx>" mn h!nhq
srit67j_) U J j8br6ad4n7a)18bmuvc a)1q
srit64n7j:au aj8b
t>r i:J+ t> a d>m:h> a ch=- t$ + &n aq
16gin
t>r :J+ t> 1 d> srit67jy j8bmBn ra 1 ? t0 jy jq
srit64nb
6ndb
srit64n7j:au 1j8b
t>r :J+ t> 1 d> srit67jy j8bsrit64nbmBn ra 1 ? t0 jy jq
t>r i:J+ t> al' d>m:h> i ch=- t$ + &n al'q
16gin
srit67jy j8b
k
t>r :J+ t> 1l' d> srit67j j8bmBn ra 1 ? t0 j jq
srit64n7jyj8b
6ndb
t>r :J+ t> 1 d> srit67jy j8bmBn ra 1 ? t0 jy jq
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi 14:
m \hAp &C ca> h cLa mCt tam gi"c9 Bn ra mn h!nh c"c tam gi"c c. d=ng
y yyyyy y
yy yyyy yyy
yyy yyy yyyyy
yyyy yy yyyyyyy
yyyyy y yyyyyyyyy
hJ3q
us6s crtb
var
i))h:1-t6bmi))h ?i/u 1-t6q
16gin
c4rscrbmx>" mn h!nhq
srit67j` J j8br6ad4n7h8bm\hAp `q
srit64n7j:au aj8b
t>r i:J+ t> h d>m:h> i ch=- t$ + &n hq
16gin
t>r :J+ t> i d> srit67jyj8bmBn ra i ? t0 jyj cLa dng iq
srit64nb
6ndb
r6ad4nb
srit64n7j:au 1j8b
t>r i:Jh d>snt> + d>m:h> i ch=- t$ h xu#ng +q
16gin
t>r :J+ t> i d> srit67jyj8bmBn ra i ? t0 jyj cLa dng iq
srit64nb
6ndb
r6ad4nb
srit64n7j:au cj8b
t>r i:J+ t> h d>m:h> i ch=- t$ + &n hq
16gin
t>r :J+ t> hli d> srit67j j8bmBn ra hli ? t0 j jq
t>r :J+ t> 'yil+ d> srit67jyj8bmBn ra 'yil+ ? t0 jyjq
srit64nb
6ndb
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi 1:
{
m T!m c"c s# t0 nhiDn nhp hnn +%%% sa> ch> n. 12ng tTng c"c c cLa n.
7?hNng ?/ chnh n.8
`ng dSn
:h> i ch=- t$ ' &n +%%%
l Tnh tTng c"c c cLa i
l \u tTng J i th! xuEt iq
var
i))t>ng:int6g6rbmi))t>ng ?i/u int6g6rq
16gin
srit64n7j:ac s> can timj8b
t>r i:J' t> +%%% d>m:h> i ch=- t$ ' &n +%%%q
16gin
t>ng:J%bmG"n t>ng 12ng %q
t>r :J+ t> i div ' d>m:h> ch=- t$ + &n i div 'q
it i m>d J% th6n t>ng:Jt>nggbm\u i chia ht ch> th! cCng v> t>ngq
it t>ngJi th6n srit64n7i8bm\u t>ngJi th! xuEt iq
6ndb
r6ad4nb
6nd9
Bi 1!:
m \hAp s# \9 ri/m tra \ x6m n. c. phi 4 s# ngu-Dn t# ?hNng
`ng dSn
:h> i ch=- t$ ' &n trunc7s@rt7n889
l \u tr>ng 4c ch=- \ m>d iJ% th! \ ?hNng ngu-Dn t#
l \g[c 4=i \ ngu-Dn t#q
var
i)n:int6g6rbmi)n ?i/u int6g6rq
?@:1>>46anbm?@ ?i/u 1>>46anq
16gin
srit67j\ J j8br6ad4n7n8bmuvc \q
?@:Jtru6bmG"n ?@ 12ng tru6q
t>r i:J' t> trunc7s@rt7n88d>m:h> i ch=- t$ ' &n trunc7s@rt7\88q
it n m>d iJ% th6nm\u n chia ht ch> i th!q
16gin
?@:Jta4s6bmG"n ?@Jta4s6q
1r6a?bmU< gf- vng 4p 12ng 4,nh Ur6a? 7?hNng ch> vng 4p ch=- tipq
6ndb
it ?@ th6n srit64n7jo> ngu-6n t>j864s6 srit67jrh>ng 4a s> ngu-6n t>j8bm\u ?@
th! \ 4
s# ngu-Dn t# ng[c 4=i th! ?hNngq
r6ad4nb
6nd9
+%