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Lecture Notes Topic 1 - Complex Number

Complex numbers are expressions of the form a + jb, where a is the real part and b is the imaginary part. Operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division can be performed on complex numbers by treating j as √-1. The conjugate of a + jb is a - jb. Complex numbers and their conjugates can be divided by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator. Complex numbers have applications in engineering, physics, and other fields.

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89 views

Lecture Notes Topic 1 - Complex Number

Complex numbers are expressions of the form a + jb, where a is the real part and b is the imaginary part. Operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division can be performed on complex numbers by treating j as √-1. The conjugate of a + jb is a - jb. Complex numbers and their conjugates can be divided by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator. Complex numbers have applications in engineering, physics, and other fields.

Uploaded by

Hafiz Omar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPLEX NUMBERS:

Forms: cartesian, polar, exponential
Operations: + , , ,
Argand Diagram
Applications
De Moivres
Definition of Complex Numbers
A complex number is an expression of the form
a +j b
where a and b are real numbers and j
2
= -1.
Real part
Imaginary Part
2
Examples
3 + j4
Real part 3, imaginary part 4
- j(2/3) Real part , imaginary part -2/3
j6 Real part 0, imaginary part 6
-7 Real part -7, imaginary part 0
Note: a number such as j6 that has real part 0,
is called a pure imaginary number.
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Arithmetic Operations on Complex Numbers
c b a +
Complex Numbers are added, subtracted, multiplied,
and divided just as we would any number of the form
The only difference we must keep in mind is that
1
2
= j
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Addition
(a + jb) + (c + jd) = (a + c) + j(b + d)
Subtraction
(a + jb) (c + jd) = ( a c) + j( b d)
To add complex numbers, add real parts and the
imaginary parts.
To subtract complex numbers, subtract the real parts
and the imaginary parts
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Multiplication
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( bc ad j bd ac jd c jb a + + = + +
Multiply complex numbers like binomials, using
1
2
= j
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Complex Conjugates
b a z j + =
b a z j =
For the complex number
we define its complex conjugate to be
Note that
( )( )
2 2
j j b a b a b a z z + = + =
So the product of a complex number and its conjugate
is always a nonnegative real numbers.
7
Examples:
Number Conjugate
3 + j2 3 - j2
1 - j 1 + j
j4 -j4
5 5
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Dividing Complex Numbers
,
j
j
d c
b a
+
+
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+
=
+
+
d c
d c
d c
b a
d c
b a
j
j
j
j
j
j
To simplify the quotient
Multiply the numerator and the denominator
by the complex conjugate of the denominator:
( ) ( )
2 2
j
d c
ad bc bd ac
+
+ +
=
9
Example:
2 1
5 3
j
j

+
The complex conjugate of 1 j2 is 1 + j2
Solution:
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
+

|
|
.
|

\
|

+
=

+
2 1
2 1
2 1
5 3
2 1
5 3
j
j
j
j
j
j
5
11 7 j +
=
5
11
5
7
j + =
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Exercises:
12
13
Example (i)
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Example (iv)
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16
17
(a)
(c)
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(a)
(b)
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Example:
Solution:
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COMPLEX NUMBERS:

Forms: cartesian, polar, exponential
Operations: + , , ,
Argand Diagram
Applications
De Moivres
APPLICATIONS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS
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APPLICATIONS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS
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