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300 HWset-3 S13

The document discusses gain calculations for operational amplifiers. It provides equations to calculate voltage gain, phase shift, and bandwidth based on component values and frequencies. Several examples are worked through applying these equations to determine gain, corner frequency, phase shift, and number of octaves between two given frequencies.

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Woon How
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36 views3 pages

300 HWset-3 S13

The document discusses gain calculations for operational amplifiers. It provides equations to calculate voltage gain, phase shift, and bandwidth based on component values and frequencies. Several examples are worked through applying these equations to determine gain, corner frequency, phase shift, and number of octaves between two given frequencies.

Uploaded by

Woon How
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

2 G
dB
=60dB
V
i
=3mV=310
-3
volts
G
dB
=60dB=20log
10
G
3dB= log
10
G
G = 10
3

G = V
o
/V
i

V
o
= GV
i
= 10
3
(310
-3
)
= 3 volts


3.6 a) From Eq. 3.14,

G
R
R
R
R
R
R
= +
= +
=
1
100 1
99
2
1
2
1
2
1

Since R
1
and R
2
typically range from 1k to 1M, we arbitrarily choose:
R
2
=99k
R
1
= 1k

b) f = 10 kHz = 10
4
Hz
GPB = 10
6
Hz for 741
G = 100

From Eq. 3.15,
f
GPB
G
Hz
Hz
c
= = =
10
100
10
6
4

This is the corner frequency so signal is -3dB from dc gain.
dc gain = 100 = 40dB. Gain at 10
4
Hz is then 37 dB.
From Eq. 3.16,


=

= =

tan tan
1 1
4
4
10
10 4
45
f
f
c
o


3.8
G
R
R
R
R
= = +
=
1000 1
999
2
1
2
1

Selecting R
2
= 999 k, R
1
can be evaluated as 1 k.
Since GBP = 1MHz for the A741C op-amp and G = 1000 at low frequencies,
GBP = 1MHz = 1000(Bandwidth)
Bandwidth = 1 kHz = f
c

If f = 10 kHz and f
c
= 1 kHz, we must calculate the number of times f
c
doubles before reaching
f.

f f
x
c
x
x
=
=
=
2
1000 2 10000
332 .

Now the gain can be calculated knowing that for each doubling the gain decreases by 6dB (i.e.
per octave)

Gain dB dB
dB
( ) log . ( ) =
=
20 1000 332 6
40
10

From Eq. 3.16,
=

tan
1
f
f
c


=

tan
.
1
10000
1000
84 3
o



3.12

The gain of the op-amp itself is
V
o
=g(V
p
V
n
) [A]
V
p
is grounded so V
p
= 0 [B]

The current through the loop including V
i
, R
1
, R
2
, and V
o
is
I
V
R
V V
R R
L
i o
= =

+

1 2

V
n
can then be evaluated as

( )
V V I R V
R V V
R R
n i L i
i o
= =

+
1
1
1 2
[C]
Substituting [C] and [B] into [A]

( )
V g V
R V V
R R
o i
i o
= +

+

1
1 2

Rearranging:

( ) ( ) V R R gR V R R R g
V
V
G
R g
R R gR
o i
o
i
1 2 1 1 2 1
2
1 2 1
+ + = +
= =

+ +

Noting the g is very large
G
R
R
=
2
1


3.15 If f
1
= 7600 Hz and f
2
= 2100 Hz then the following equation may be used,
f
2
2
x
= f
1
where x = # octaves
Substituting,

2100 2 7600
2 3 619
2 3 619
1856
=
=
=
=
x
x
x
x octaves
.
log log .
.

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