Scribd
Upload
94 views2 pages

ODE Simple Examples

The document provides examples for solving homogeneous differential equations: i) It finds the general solutions to four first order homogeneous differential equations by finding the characteristic equations and their roots. ii) It finds the general solutions to three non-homogeneous differential equations by first finding the homogeneous solution, then determining the particular solution based on the non-homogeneous terms and adding them. iii) The methods included finding the characteristic equations and roots to determine the homogeneous solution, then determining the form of the particular solution based on the non-homogeneous terms and solving for the coefficients. Initial conditions were also applied where given.

Uploaded by

temaire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
94 views2 pages

ODE Simple Examples

The document provides examples for solving homogeneous differential equations: i) It finds the general solutions to four first order homogeneous differential equations by finding the characteristic equations and their roots. ii) It finds the general solutions to three non-homogeneous differential equations by first finding the homogeneous solution, then determining the particular solution based on the non-homogeneous terms and adding them. iii) The methods included finding the characteristic equations and roots to determine the homogeneous solution, then determining the form of the particular solution based on the non-homogeneous terms and solving for the coefficients. Initial conditions were also applied where given.

Uploaded by

temaire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Example 1.

Write the general solution for the following homogeneous equations:


i. y

5y =0,
ii. y

2y =0,
iii. y

+4y =0, y(0) =0, y

(0) =1
iv. y

+3y

+2y =0, y(0) =1, y

(0) =0.
The above equations can be solved as follows.
i. The characteristic equation is r 5 =0 that gives r =5 and therefore for any c R the solution is
y(x) =ce
5x
.
ii. The characteristic equation is r
2
2 =0 that gives r = 2

and therefore
y(x) =Ae
2

x
+Be
2

x
.
iii. The characteristic equation is r
2
+4 =0 that gives r =2i and therefore the general solution is
y(x) =Ae
2ix
+Be
2ix
,
or equivalently using Euler formula e
ix
=cos (x) +i sin (x) we can write the solution as
y(x) =Acos (2x) +B sin (2x).
Apply the initial condition and obtain A=0 and B =1/2, therefore
y(x) =
1
2
sin (2x).
iv. The characteristic equation is r
2
+3r +2 =0 that gives r =2, 1 and therefore
y(x) =Ae
2x
+Be
2x
.
Apply the initial condition and obtain A=B =1/2 and nally
y(x) =
1
2
e
2x
+
1
2
e
2x
.
Example 2. Write the general solutions of the following equations
i. y

5y

+4y =2e
3x
3e
4x
ii. y

+9y =sin (2x) +cos (3x) +x


iii. y

+3y

+2y =x
2
+2e
2x
i. The homogeneous solution is
y
h
(x) =c
1
e
x
+c
2
e
4x
.
1
Since e
4x
in the right hand side is a part of homogeneous solution then y
p
has the following form:
y
p
(x) =
1
e
3x
+
2
xe
4x
Plug in the y
p
into the equation and match coecients to get
1
=1 and
2
=1, and then
y(x) =c
1
e
x
+c
2
e
4x
e
3x
xe
4x
ii. The homogeneous solution is
y(x) =c
1
sin (3x) +c
2
cos (3x)
and then the form of y
p
is as
y
p
(x) =Asin (2x) +B cos (2x) +x(C sin (3x) +Dcos (3x)) +Ex+F
Plug in y
p
into the equation and obtain
y(x) =c
1
sin (3x) +c
2
cos (3x) +
1
9
x+
1
5
sin (2x) +
1
6
sin (3x)
iii. The Homogeneous solution is
y(x) =c
1
e
2x
+c
2
e
x
and the form of y
p
is
y
p
(x) =Ax
2
+Bx +C +Exe
2x
and then
y(x) =c
1
e
2x
+c
2
e
x
+
1
4
(2x
2
6x +7) 2xe
2x
2

You might also like