LGS Vol2 Transafrican Phylo

page 622 The Linguasphere Register
1999 / 2000 edition

9=TRANSAFRICAN phylosector
This phylosector covers 60 sets of languages (= 802 outer languages, composed of 2,816 inner languages) spoken by
communities across the African continent south of the Sahara, from Senegal to South Africa, constituting the
Transafrican ("old Niger-Congo less Mande" or "Atlantic-Congo") continental affinity.
The dimensions and nature of a more extensive "Niger-Kordofanian" (or "new Niger-Congo") hypothesis are uncertain,
and the additional sets involved have been classified within the 0=African geosector (see 00=Mandic and
06=Kordofanic).
This phylosector is named Transafrican (rather than "Atlantic-Congo" or "old Niger-Congo less Mande") to maintain
the broad geographic nomenclature of all ten sectors of the linguasphere, representing intercontinental or continental
entities in each case.
Zones 90= to 93= cover languages spoken by communities westwards from Senegal through the northern interior of
West and Central Africa as far as northern Congo/Zaire and southern Sudan.
90=ATLANTIC (northern West Atlantic) 91=VOLTAIC (Gur)
92=ADAMAWIC 93=UBANGIC (Eastern)
Zones 94= to 97= cover languages spoken by communities westwards from Guinea through the coastal regions of
West Africa as far as the Niger Delta.
94=MELIC (southern West Atlantic) 95=KRUIC (Kru)
96=AFRAMIC (western Kwa) 97=DELTIC (Niger-Delta)
Zones 98= and 99= cover languages spoken through Nigeria and across the whole continent as far as Tanzania and
South Africa.
98=BENUIC (eastern Kwa) 99=BANTUIC (Bantu including Bantoid)
The name "Transafrican" is also introduced in the Register as an appropriate label for the continental affinity to which
all the languages covered by phylozone 9= belong, by definition. The use of this term provides an escape from the
now confusing succession of shifting and overlapping classificatory names, created during the second half of the 20
th
century from combinations of the river-name Congo (old "Niger-Congo", "new Niger-Congo", "Congo-Kordofanian",
"Atlantic-Congo", "Volta-Congo", "Benue-Congo", etc.). It marks a clear boundary between this undisputed affinity
(known most recently in the literature as "Atlantic-Congo") and its more speculative enlargements to embrace also the
Mande and "Kordofanian" languages (which are treated in the Register under geosector 0=).
Although the overall relationship of the languages covered by this phylosector is not in question, the boundaries
among certain of their conventional 'branches' (treated here as phylozones) should be regarded as referential rather
than historical (see note below on zones 90=, 91=, 92=, 96=, 98= and 99=). Sets of languages covered by zones
90=Atlantic and 97=Deltic are less closely related to other sets in the "Transafrican" affinity than the latter (collectively
labelled "Volta-Congo") are among themselves. The external unity of the inter-related sets within each of the zones
90=Atlantic, 91=Voltaic, 92=Adamawic and 96=Aframic (West-Kwa) (among themselves, as potential groupings within
the Transatlantic affinity) has not been established, and the sequence of sets covered by each of these zones is
therefore more safely described as a reference area. The extensive sequence of sets covered by the pair of zones
98=Benuic and 99=Bantuic is likewise treated in the Register as a reference area.
Before consulting the following tables, please see Guide to the Register in Volume One
Additional or improved data on languages and communities covered by this sector will be welcomed
by e-mail at: [email protected], or by letter-post at: LINGUASPHERE PRESS, HEBRON SA34 0XT, WALES (UK).
COLUMN 1 & 2
layers of reference
codes and reference-names
COLUMN 3
other nomenclature and notes
COLUMNS 4 & 5
nation-states scale of
(+ provinces) and speakers
9= TRANSAFRICAN phylosector Observatoire Linguistique

Linguasphere Observatory page 623
90= ATLANTIC
phylozone
covers the "Atlantic" ("old West-Atlantic less Mel") reference
area, within the "Transafrican" continental affinity; comprising
16 sets of languages (= 53 outer languages) spoken by
communities in western West Africa, with an eastward
extention of the Fulfulde-speaking (Fula, Peul) community as
far as Sudan:
90-A WOLOF 90-B FULFULDE+ SERER
90-C SAFEN+ NDUT 90-D FONYI+ KARON
90-E ESING+ GUBARE 90-F MANDYAK+ PAPEL
90-G BALANTA+ GANJA 90-H BUY+ HAAL
90-I BIAFADA+ BAJAR 90-J ONIYAN+ ONIK
90-K SUA 90-L NALUU
90-M MBULUNGISH 90-N BAGA-MBOTENI
90-O BIJOGO 90-P LIMBA+ YIMBA
Gambia; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau;
Senegal; Sierra Leone; with
extension of Fula to Benin; Burkina
Faso; Cameroon; Chad; Mali;
Niger; Nigeria; Sudan
7
90-A WOLOF set Arabic script; Latin script; also Wolof indigenous script
90-AA WOLOF chain
90-AAA WOLOF net
90-AAA-a Wolof ouolof, yallof, volof, ovolof Senegal; Gambia; also Mauritania;
migration> France
6
90-AAA-aa wolof-A. wolof "proper" Senegal; Gambia; also Mauritania 6
90-AAA-aaa wolof-V. "vehicular" wolof, "urban" wolof, "senegalese" wolof Dakar Senegal; also Gambia; Mauritania 6
90-AAA-aab walo Walo country: Senegal lower river (St.Louis & hinterland) Senegal (Fleuve)
90-AAA-aac jolof dyolof, djolof, guiolof Dyolof country: Lingure Dahra Senegal (Diourbel)
90-AAA-aad kayor cayor Kayor country: St.Louis>S. coast Senegal (Diourbel-W.; This)
90-AAA-aae baol bahol Diourbel>W. Senegal (Diourbel-SW.; This-S.)
90-AAA-aaf sin-salum sine-saloum Kaolack Senegal (Sine-Saloum)
90-AAA-aag gambia Gambia valley Gambia; also Senegal
(Casamance)
90-AAA-aah banjul-U. banjul "urban" Banjul Gambia
90-AAA-ab lebu in [51] Franais: lbou Cap Vert peninsula M'Bour coast fishing
community
Senegal (This)
90-B FULFULDE+ SERER
set
Arabic script; Latin script
90-BA FULFULDE+
PULAAR chain
FULA, peul
90-BAA FULFULDE+
PULAAR net
90-BAA-a Pulaar+ Fulfulde-W. ful-be community, pul-lo person, in [51] Franais: peul, peulh, poular Senegal; Mauritania; Gambia; Mali;
Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra
Leone; Burkina Faso; Niger
6
90-BAA-aa haal-pulaar part of pulaar, tukulor, tukolor, tokolor, in [51] Franais: toucouleur Senegal (Fleuve); Mauritania
(Brakna; Golgol); Gambia; Mali;
Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; plus
migration eastwards
6
90-BAA-ab futa-tooro part of pulaar; fulbe-jeeri community Futa Toro country migration
southwards & eastwards
Senegal (Fleuve; Diourbel);
Mauritania (Golgol; Guidimaka);
Gambia; Mali; Guinea; Guinea-
Bissau; plus migration eastwards
6
90-BAA-ac fula-kunda+ gaabu part of pulaar, part of "semi-nomadic fula" Senegal (Casamance); Gambia;
Guinea-Bissau; Guinea
(Youkounkoun)
6
90-BAA-aca fula-kunda fula-cunda, ful-kunda Senegal (Casamance); Gambia
90-BAA-acb gaabu Gabu country Guinea-Bissau; also Guinea
(Youkounkoun)
90-BAA-ad futa-jalon fouta-djallon, fuuta-jalon, futa-jalo, futa-fula, part of pulaar Fouta
Djallon massif migration northwards, eastwards & southwards
further dialects to be identified
Guinea; Senegal; Sierra Leone
(Northern); Mali; Guinea-Bissau
6
90-BAA-ada kinsinka Guinea
90-BAA-adb binaani Guinea
90-BAA-ae fula-masina masina, maasiina, macina, part of fulfulde-W. Masina country
(Karakoro valley) Tombouctou (Niger middle valley)
Mauritania; Mali
90-BAA-aea masina-W. segu fula +influenced by [00] Manding Masina country Nioro du
Sahel Sgou
Mauritania (Guidimaka; Assaba;
Hodh Gharbi; Hodh Charki); Mali
(Kayes; Bamako; Sgou)
5
90-BAA-aeb masina-E. maasiina-E., macina-E., part of fulfulde-W. +influenced by [00]
Manding Niger valley: Mopti Tombouctou
Mali (Mopti; Gao) 5

1999 / 2000 edition
90-BAA-af douenza+ seeno part of fulfulde-W. Mali (Mopti)
90-BAA-afa douenza Douentza (Mopti)
90-BAA-afb seeno Djnn>E. (Mopti)
90-BAA-ag gawoobe Niger middle valley: Bourem Gao Tillabry Mali (Gao); Niger (Niamey)
90-BAA-ah barani barain, part of fulfulde-W. Barani Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire) 4*
90-BAA-ai jelgooji part of fulfulde-W., part of "semi-nomadic fula" Ouahigouya Djibo Burkina Faso (Volta Noire; Centre) 5
90-BAA-aia ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
90-BAA-aib djibo Djibo Burkina Faso (Centre)
90-BAA-aj bogand part of fulfulde-W. Bogand Burkina Faso (Est) 5
90-BAA-ak liptaako dori, "burkina standard" fula, part of fulfulde-W. Dori Burkina Faso (Centre); adjacent
Niger (Niamey)
5
90-BAA-al fula-gurma gurma fula, gourmantche fula, fada-ngurma, part of fulfulde-W. Fada-
N'gourma +influenced by [91] Gurma
Burkina Faso (Est) 5
90-BAA-am gelaajo say-wuro gelaajo, part of fulfulde-W. Niger middle right-bank:
opposite Niamey
Niger (Niamey)
90-BAA-b Fulfulde-E. part of "fula", ful-be community, pul-lo person, in [19] Hausa: fulani,
fulatanci, filanci, in [51] Franais: peulh, peul, poular
Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria;
Cameroon; Chad; Central African
Rep.; Sudan
7
90-BAA-ba dallol-boso Niger middle left-bank: Niamey environs Niger (Niamey)
90-BAA-bb fula-atakora Atakora region Benin-N.; adjacent Togo 5
90-BAA-bc fula-borgu Borgou region Benin-N. 5
90-BAA-bd fula-sokoto sokoto, kano-katsina, wodaa-be Nigeria (Sokoto; Kaduna; Kano);
adjacent Niger (Tahoua; Maradi;
Zinder)
90-BAA-bda sokoto Sokoto Nigeria (Sokoto)
90-BAA-bdb kano+ katsina Katsina Kano Nigeria (Kaduna; Kano)
90-BAA-be fula-bororo "nomadic fula", bororo, borroro, mbororo, ako, including dageeja
(migrated Nigeria to Cameroon), part of "semi-nomadic fula"
Nigeria (Borno); adjacent Niger;
adjacent Cameroon; adjacent
Chad
5
90-BAA-bf fula-gombe gombe, gommbe, garoua, hiirnangere, fulfulde-hiirnangere Gombe Nigeria (Bauchi); adjacent
Cameroon
5
90-BAA-bg fula-adamawa "vehicular" fulfulde, fulani-E., kambariire Yola Garoua Cameroon (Nord); adjacent
Nigeria; extending eastward to
Chad; Sudan
6
90-BAA-bh fula-bagirmi in [51] Franais: peul baguirmi, part of "semi-nomadic fula" Massnya Chad (Chari-Baguirmi); also
Central African Rep.
4
90-BAA-bi fellata +influenced by [12] 'Arabiyya Sudan (An-Nil-al-Azraq; Ash-
Shamaliyah)
4
90-BAA-bia fellata-W. Dar-Humr country now speaking [12] 'Arabiyya (Felaita), having
been absorbed into Baggara (Misseria-Humr) communities
Sudan (Kurdufan-W.)
90-BAA-bib fellata-SE. Blue Nile valley: Sennar Sudan (An-Nil-al-Azraq)
90-BAA-bic fellata-NE. Nile middle valley: Atbarah Sudan (Ash-Shamaliyah)
90-BB SERER chain
90-BBA SERER net
90-BBA-a Serer* seereer, sereer, serrer, serer-sin, serer "proper", in [51] Franais:
srre, srre-sine distinct from [90]Serer-Non -bilingual in [90]
Wolof
Senegal (Sine-Saloum; This);
adjacent Gambia
5
90-BBA-aa n-dyegem dyegem, dygume, kgume, ndigum, njiguem Ndigum
country: Ndimane Ndolor Sandiaye Diokar Oungoulbine
Aga
Senegal (This)
90-BBA-ab segum sgoum, baol, baol-baol Baol country: M'bour & hinterland Senegal (This-S.)
90-BBA-ac sin-sin sine-sine, sin, sin-saloum, central serer, serer-sin "proper" Joal
hinterland Saloum valley: Kaolack environs
Senegal (Sine-Saloum) 5
90-BBA-aca sin-A. Joal hinterland (Sine-Saloum)
90-BBA-acb saloum Kaolack environs (Sine-Saloum)
90-BBA-acc nioro-du-rip Nioro-du-Rip (Sine-Saloum)
90-BBA-acd kaffrine Kaffrine>N. (Sine-Saloum)
90-BBA-ad fadyut fadiout, fadyout, fadiouth, fadyut-palmerin, in [51] Franais: srre de la
petite cte Joal>S.: Fadyout coast Palmerin headland
Senegal (Sine-Saloum-W.)
90-BBA-ae nyomi in [00] Manding: niominka Nyomi islands Senegal (Sine-Saloum-W.)
90-C SAFEN+ NDUT set CANGIN Latin script
90-CA SAFEN+ NDUT chain
90-CAA SAFEN+ NON net
90-CAA-a Lehar This>N. Senegal (This)
3
90-CAA-aa lehar lala Panbal Mbaraglov Dougnan Senegal (This) 3

90-CAA-b Non+ Niominka serer-non, dyoba This>NW. distinct from [90]Serer Senegal (This)
3*
90-CAA-ba non none, noon Senegal (This)
90-CAA-bb niominka Senegal (This)
90-CAA-c Safen This>SW. Senegal (This)
4
90-CAA-ca safen safen-safen, serer-safen, safi, saafi, saafi-saafi, safi-safi Senegal (This) 4
90-CAB NDUT+ PALOR net
90-CAB-a Ndut+ Palor This>W. Senegal (This; Diourbel)
4
90-CAB-aa palor falor, palor-sili, waro Senegal (This) 3
90-CAB-ab ndut ndoute Senegal (This) 4
90-D FONYI+ KARON* set JOLA-CENTRAL, dyola-C., diola-C., joola-C. Latin script
90-DA FONYI+ GUSILAY
chain
jola-N., diola-N., joola-N., dyola-N.
90-DAA FONYI net jola-fogny
90-DAA-a Fonyi foonyi, fogny, filham Balandine Bignona Ziguinchor Senegal (Casamance); also
Gambia-S.
5
90-DAA-aa fonyi-A. foonyi "proper" Senegal (Casamance)
90-DAA-ab fonyi-V. "vehicular" diola, diola 'pidgin' Senegal (Casamance)
90-DAB BULUF+ KOMBO net jola-bluf
90-DAB-a Buluf bluf, boulouf Marigot de Diouloulou creek left-bank>E. Senegal (Casamance)
4
90-DAB-aa ku-ricaak-aay riccak, kartiack, kartiak Kartiak Senegal (Casamance)
90-DAB-ab jaang jaan, dianky Senegal (Casamance)
90-DAB-ac tenduuk Tindouk Senegal (Casamance)
90-DAB-ad elana Elena Senegal (Casamance)
90-DAB-ae kanyobong kanyobon Senegal (Casamance)
90-DAB-af kabunaye* Senegal (Casamance)
90-DAB-ag narang* Senegal (Casamance)
90-DAB-b Kombo Senegal (Casamance)
3*
90-DAB-ba kombo Kafountine Diouloulou Senegal (Casamance)
90-DAC MLOMP net
90-DAC-a Mlomp jola-mlomp Casamance estuary left-bank: M'lomp Senegal (Casamance)
3
90-DAC-aa mlomp Senegal (Casamance) 3
90-DAD GUSILAY+ BANJAL
net
ENDUNGO, jola-endungo, gusilay+ banjal Senegal (Casamance)
90-DAD-a Gusilay+ Afinyam endungo-N. Tindouk, Tendouck Senegal (Casamance-W.)
4
90-DAD-aa gu-sil-ay gu-siil-aay, e-sil, ku-silaay Tindouk, Tendouck>NW.: Tionk-Essil Senegal (Casamance) 4
90-DAD-ab afinyam afinyaam, afignam Tindouk, Tendouck>SE.: Affiniam Senegal (Casamance-W.)
90-DAD-b Banjal Bandial Etama Seleki, Seleky group of villages Senegal (Casamance)
3*
90-DAD-ba banjal banjaal, bandial Senegal (Casamance-W.)
90-DAE KULUNAY net HULON, jola-hulon
90-DAE-a Kulunay Ziguinchor>SW.: Brin Senegal (Casamance)
3
90-DAE-aa ku-lun-ay luun, ku-luun-aay, ka-loun-ay, hu-loon-y, hu-lony, hu-lon, e-lun Senegal (Casamance-SW.) 3
90-DAF KASA+ HULUF net jola-kasa
90-DAF-a Bilis blis, bliss, niomoun Casamance mouth: fluvial island Senegal (Casamance)
4*
90-DAF-aa bilis blis, bliss, niomoun Bankassouk Niomoune Itoue Senegal (Casamance-W.) 4*
90-DAF-b Kasa Kachiouane-Blon right-bank Oussouye>W.; Casamance left-
bank: Pointe St.Georges+ Ziguinchor
Senegal (Casamance)
4
90-DAF-ba kasa kaasa, kata-hu-samu-N. Senegal (Casamance-W.) 4
90-DAF-c Esulalu+ Tongat Oussouye-N.: Samatit M'lomp 2 Kadjinol Senegal (Casamance)
4*
90-DAF-ca e-su-lalu e-suu-laalu, e-suu-leelu, e-su-lelul, e-su-lau, oussouye Senegal (Casamance-SW.) 4*
90-DAF-cb kata-hu-tongat toongaat, kata-hu-toongaat Senegal (Casamance-SW.)
90-DAF-d Huluf Kachiouane-Blon right-bank Oussouye>S. Ayoune Senegal (Casamance)
4*
90-DAF-da hu-luf luf Senegal (Casamance-SW.) 4*
90-DAG KEERAKU net HER, jola-her
90-DAG-a Keeraku Nialon Kabrousse Senegal (Casamance); adjacent
Guinea-Bissau
3
90-DAG-aa ke-era-ku era, her, er, eer, araame Senegal (Casamance-SW.) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
90-DAH FLUP net jola-flup
90-DAH-a Flup felup, felupe, feloup, fulup, floup Senegal (Casamance); Guinea-
Bissau
3
90-DAH-aa ku-jamut-aay jamut, jamat, jamaat, e-jamat, diamat, kata-hu-samu-S. Soukoudiak
Efok Youtou Krouhey Kassalol Aram Beguinguen
Djegue
Senegal (Casamance-SW.);
Guinea-Bissau
90-DAH-ab e-fok fok Senegal (Casamance-SW.)
90-DAH-ac youtou Senegal (Casamance-SW.)
90-DAH-ad 'calequisse' in [51] Portuguese: flup de San-Domingos Cacheu left-bank: San
Domingos
Guinea-Bissau
90-DAH-ae mazonimi* Guinea-Bissau
90-DB KARON+ LOMPAY
chain
jola-W., diola-W., joola-W., dyola-W.
90-DBA KARON net
90-DBA-a Karon Kafountine Kaylo Hilol Kalisseye creek Senegal (Casamance); Gambia
3
90-DBA-aa karon karoon Senegal (Casamance); Gambia 3
90-DBB GULOMPAY net lompay
90-DBB-a Guompay Senegal (Casamance)
3*
90-DBB-aa gu-lomp-ay gulompaay, lomp Senegal (Casamance)
90-DBC KUWATAY net watay
90-DBC-a Kuwatay Casamance river-mouth>S. Senegal (Casamance)
3
90-DBC-aa ku-wat-ay waat, ku-waat-aay, kwatay, ka-watay Diembering, Dyembering
Bouyouye Boukot-Diola
Senegal (Casamance) 3
90-E ESING+ GUBARE set JOLA-SOUTH, esing+ gubaare, diola-S., joola-S., dyola-S. Latin
script
90-EA ESING+ GUBARE
chain
90-EAA ESING net
90-EAA-a Bayot Dialang Senegal (Casamance); Guinea-
Bissau
3
90-EAA-aa bayot bayoot, baiote, baiot, bayotte Senegal (Casamance); Guinea-
Bissau
3
90-EAA-b Kuxinge e-sing Cacheo mouth Guinea-Bissau
3*
90-EAA-ba ku-xinge xinge, e-sing Guinea-Bissau
90-EAB GUBARE net
90-EAB-a Gubare Cacheo mouth Guinea-Bissau
3*
90-EAB-aa gu-bare baare, gu-baare Cacheo mouth Guinea-Bissau
90-F MANDYAK+ PAPEL
set
Latin script
90-FA MANDYAK+ PAPEL
chain
90-FAA MANDYAK+
BABOK* net
90-FAA-a Mandyak+ Kanyop Casamance middle valley. Cacheo lower valley. Mansoa valley Guinea-Bissau; Senegal
(Casamance); migration> France;
Cape Verde Islands
5
90-FAA-aa mandyak mandyak "proper", manjaku, manjaka, manjmanjaaku, mandjaque,
ndyak
Guinea-Bissau-NW.; Senegal
(Casamance-SW.)
5
90-FAA-ab kanyop kaoob Guinea-Bissau-NW.; Senegal
(Casamance-SW.)
5
90-FAA-b Babok Canchungo, Teixeira-Pinto Guinea-Bissau
3*
90-FAA-ba ba-bok-A. ba-bok "proper", bok, teixeira pinto Guinea-Bissau-NW.
90-FAA-bb tsaam Guinea-Bissau-NW.
90-FAA-bc sarar serer 2, sierar, sara Guinea-Bissau-NW.
90-FAA-c Likes-Utsia Guinea-Bissau
3*
90-FAA-ca baraa Guinea-Bissau-NW.
90-FAA-cb kalkus Guinea-Bissau-NW.
90-FAA-d Cuur Caur Guinea-Bissau
3*
90-FAA-da cuur churo, cur Guinea-Bissau-NW.
90-FAA-e Lund Guinea-Bissau
3*
90-FAA-ea lund Guinea-Bissau-NW.

90-FAA-f Yu+ Pulhilh "wider" yu Guinea-Bissau
3*
90-FAA-fa yu yu "proper" Guinea-Bissau-NW.
90-FAA-fb siis Guinea-Bissau-NW.
90-FAA-fc pulhilh pelhilh, pecixe Guinea-Bissau-NW.
90-FAB PAPEL net
90-FAB-a Papel Bissao island Guinea-Bissau
4
90-FAB-aa papel-A. papel "proper", pepel, papei Guinea-Bissau-W
90-FAB-ab moium Guinea-Bissau-W
90-FAB-ac oium Guinea-Bissau-W
90-FAC MANKANYA net
90-FAC-a Mankanya Rio Grande de Buba estuary both banks Guinea-Bissau; also migration>
Senegal
4
90-FAC-aa mankany mankanya, mankanha, mancanha, mancagne, mancang Guinea-Bissau-SW.
90-FAC-ab shadal sadar Guinea-Bissau-SW.
90-FAD BURAMA net 3*
90-FAD-a Burama Bolama island Guinea-Bissau
90-FAD-aa burama buraam, bulama, bolama, bola, bole, brame Guinea-Bissau-SW.
90-G BALANTA+ GANJA
set
Latin script
90-GA BALANTA+ GANJA
chain
90-GAA GANJA+ BANDAL
net
90-GAA-a Ganja+ Bandal Casamance middle right-bank Senegal (Casamance)
3*
90-GAA-aa ganja-blip Senegal (Casamance-S.)
90-GAA-ab bandal Senegal (Casamance-S.)
90-GAB BALANTA net balant, balante, balanda, ballante, belante, bulanda, brassa, alante,
frase
90-GAB-a Balanta-N. Casamance middle left-bank Cacheu right-bank Senegal (Casamance); Guinea-
Bissau
4
90-GAB-aa balanta-naaga naaga, naga Senegal (Casamance-S.); Guinea-
Bissau-NW.
90-GAB-ab balanta-maane maane, mane Senegal (Casamance-S.); Guinea-
Bissau-NW.
90-GAB-b Balanta-S. Casamance middle left-bank Cacine right-bank Guinea-Bissau
5
90-GAB-ba balanta-kuntoi kuntoi, kantohe, kentohe, queuthoe, "pseudo" kunant Casamance
middle left-bank Mansa right-bank
Guinea-Bissau-W. 4
90-GAB-bb balanta-'foora' in [51] Portuguese: balanta de fora =outer balanta Mansa left-
bank Geba estuary and migration beyond as far as Cacine right-
bank
Guinea-Bissau-W. 5
90-H NYAMOLO + BUY set Latin script
90-HA NYAMOLO+ JAAXUT
chain
BAINUK
90-HAA NYAMOLO+ JAAXUT
net
90-HAA-a Nyamolo+ Jaaxut banyun, bainouk, baynunk, banyum, bagnoun, banhum, bainuk,
banyuk, banyung, baun, elomay, elunay Gambia Cacheu valleys
(scattered enclaves)
Senegal (Casamance); also
Guinea-Bissau; Gambia
4
90-HAA-aa gu-nyamolo bainuk-N. Senegal (Casamance-S.)
90-HAA-ab gu-jaaxut bainuk-S., gujaaxet Guinea-Bissau; Senegal
90-HB BUY+ HAAL chain kobiana+ kasanga
90-HBA BUY net KOBIANA
90-HBA-a Buy Cacheo lower left-bank: Cacheo town>E. Guinea-Bissau
2
90-HBA-aa buy boi, uboi, kobiana, cobiana Guinea-Bissau 2
90-HBB HAAL net KASANGA
90-HBB-a Haal between Casamance Cacheu valleys Guinea-Bissau-NW.; Senegal
(Casamance-SW.)
2
90-HBB-aa haal haja, i-hadja, kasanga, kassanga, cassanga Guinea-Bissau-NW.; Senegal
(Casamance-SW.)
2

1999 / 2000 edition
90-I BIAFADA+ PAJADE
set
Latin script
90-IA BIAFADA+ BIINALA
chain
90-IAA BIAFADA+ BIINALA
net
90-IAA-a Biafada+ Biinala Fulacunda Guinea-Bissau
4
90-IAA-aa bia-fada fada, bea-fada, bia-far, bi-dyola, dyola 2, be-dfola, dfola Guinea-Bissau 4
90-IAA-ab b-ool Guinea-Bissau
90-IAA-ac bii-nala nala Guinea-Bissau
90-IAA-ad bu-baasu baasu Guinea-Bissau
90-IAA-ae kakande Guinea-Bissau
90-IB BAJAR+ BIGOLA
chain
PAJADE
90-IBA BAJAR+ BIGOLA net
90-IBA-a Bajar Patim-Gouta around the meeting-point of 3 countries Senegal (Casamance); Guinea-
Bissau; Guinea (Youkounkoun)
4
90-IBA-aa ba-jar ba-dyara, ba-dian, pa-jade, in [00] Manding: pajadi-n-ca, pajadi-n-ka,
badyara-n-ke, bajara-n-ke community
Senegal (Casamance); Guinea-
4
90-IBA-ab bi-gola* gola Senegal (Casamance)
90-J ONIYAN+ ONIK set TENDA Latin script
90-JA ONIYAN+ ONIK chain
90-JAA ONIYAN+ ONIK net
90-JAA-a Oniyan+ Onik tenda Koundara Kdougou scattered communities (former hunter-
gatherers) tenda
Senegal (Casamance); Guinea-
4
90-JAA-aa o-ni-yan yan, ni-yan, o-ni-an, li-yan, l-yan, a-yan, bi-yan, boin, wo, tenda-basari,
basari
Senegal (Casamance); Guinea
(Youkounkoun); Guinea-Bissau
4
90-JAA-ab wa-meyny meyny, konyagi, koaagi, coniagui, conhague, duka Guinea (Youkounkoun); Senegal
(Casamance)
4
90-JAA-ac mo-peny peny, ba-peng Guinea; Senegal (Casamance)
90-JAA-ad o-nik nik, be-dik, bu-dik, tenda-bande, bande, tenda "proper", in [00]
Manding: tandan-ke, tendan-ke community, in [51] Franais: basari du
Bandemba
Senegal (Casamance) 3
90-K SUA set Latin script
90-KA SUA chain
90-KAA SUA net
90-KAA-a Sua Binar Guinea-Bissau; also migration>
Gambia
4
90-KAA-aa sua kunant, kunante, in [00] Manding: man-soan-ka, man-soan-ca, ma-
swan-ka
Guinea-Bissau 4
90-L NALUU set Latin script
90-LA NALUU chain
90-LAA NALUU net
90-LAA-a Naluu Cati Rio Nunez coast and islands Guinea-Bissau; Guinea
4
90-LAA-aa naluu nalou, nalu Guinea-Bissau; Guinea 4
90-M MBULUNGISH set Latin script
90-MA MBULUNGISH chain
90-MAA MBULUNGISH net
90-MAA-a Mbulungish Rio Nunez coast Guinea-NW.
2*
90-MAA-aa mbulungish baga-monson, baga-fore, "black" baga, in [51] Franais: baga "noir"
distinct from [90] Baga-Mboteni and [94] Baga
Guinea-NW. 2*
90-N BAGA-MBOTENI set Latin script
90-NA BAGA-MBOTENI
chain
90-NAA BAGA-MBOTENI net
90-NAA-a Baga-Mboteni Rio Nunez coast Guinea-NW.
3*
90-NAA-aa baga-mboteni mboteni distinct from [90] Mbulungish (Baga-Monson, Baga-Fore) and
[94] Baga
Guinea-NW. 3*

90-O BIJOGO set Latin script
90-OA BIJOGO chain
90-OAA BIJOGO net
90-OAA-a Bijogo* bijago, bidyogo, bijougot, budjago, bugago, bijuga Bijags
archipelago: Caravela island Carache island Uno island island
inner-languages and/or dialects to be completed and confirmed
Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
4*
90-OAA-aa roxa Ilha Roxa: Bine Umpucute Eboco Inorei Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-ab bubaque Ilha Bubaque: Ancabasse Bubaque Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-ac eguba eguebe Ilha de Egube Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-ad orango anhaqui Ilha de Orango island: Etiogo Ancaquia Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-ae uno Ilha de Uno: Cabuna Ancadona Ossocono Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-af caravela Ilha Carvela: Agongo de Corto Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-ag carache Ilha Carache: Ampincha Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-ah 'formosa' Ilha Formosa: Ancamona Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-ai orangozinho* Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-aj 'galinhas'* Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-ak meixo* Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-al poilo* Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-am uracane* Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-an rubane* Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-OAA-ao ponta* Guinea-Bissau (Bijagos)
90-P LIMBA+ YIMBA set Latin script
90-PA LIMBA+ YIMBA chain
90-PAA LIMBA+ YIMBA net yimba internal classification to be reviewed
90-PAA-a Limba-N. Sierra Leone (Northern); adjacent
Guinea (Mamou)
4*
90-PAA-aa kamuke ke, ke-woya-yaka Sirekude, Serekuda Bendugu Sierra Leone (Northern:
Koinadugu); also Guinea
90-PAA-ab warawara Kabala Bafodia Sierra Leone (Northern:
Koinadugu)
90-PAA-aba bafodea Bafodia (Northern: Koinadugu)
90-PAA-abb yagala Kabala (Northern: Koinadugu)
90-PAA-b Limba-C. limba-CW., including limba-W. Sierra Leone (Northern)
5
90-PAA-ba sela+ tonka limba-W.
90-PAA-baa sela Kamakwie Sierra Leone (Northern: Bombali)
90-PAA-bab tonka tonko, thonko Little Scarcies middle valley Bubuya Sierra Leone (Northern: Kambia;
Port Loko)
90-PAA-bb keleng gbongogbo, bongobong, including tamiso* Fadugu Kasasi Sierra Leone (Northern:
Koinadugu)
90-PAA-c Yimba yimbe, yumba Sierra Leone (Northern)
5
90-PAA-ca biriwa Bumban Sierra Leone (Northern: Bombali)
90-PAA-caa biriwa-A. Bumban Sierra Leone (Northern: Bombali)
90-PAA-cab kasonko sunko Katimbo Sierra Leone (Northern:
Koinadugu)
90-PAA-cac kalantuba kalabunta Kasakira Sierra Leone (Northern: Tonkolili)
90-PAA-cb safroko saroko Binkolo Sierra Leone (Northern: Bombali)

1999 / 2000 edition
91= VOLTAIC
phylozone
covers the "Gur" or "Voltaic" reference area within the "Volta-
Congo" affinity, within the wider "Transafrican" continental
affinity; comprising 9 sets of languages (= 76 outer languages)
spoken by communities in central West Africa, in and around
the upper Volta basin:
91-A JAMSAY+ DULERI 91-B SENARI+ KPALAGHA
91-C TUSYAN+ WIN 91-D TIEFO
91-E WARA+ NATIORO 91-F DOGOSO+ KHE
91-G KASEM+ MOORE 91-H CENKA*
91-I SIAMOU
Benin; Burkina Faso; Cte d'Ivoire;
Ghana; Mali; Togo
6
91-A JAMSAY+ DULERI
set
DOGON, dogo-soo, dogo, dogo-ni, dogom, dogo-ne, kibissi; part of (in
[90] Fula) kad'o community; ha'be person =pagan Latin script
91-AA BANGERI chain
91-AAA BANGERI net
91-AAA-a Bangeri Mali (Mopti) 3
91-AAA-aa bangeri-me dogon-NW. Lolguou-Nonnonk canton Mali (Mopti) 3
91-AB DULERI+ EJENGE
chain
dogon-W.
91-ABA DULERI+ EJENGE
net
91-ABA-a Duleri+ Idyoli Mali (Mopti) 4*
91-ABA-aa duleri-dom in [91] Dogon-Bandiagara: dulom-so Doulri-Sissongo Doulri-
Sanabri centons
Mali (Mopti) 3
91-ABA-ab idyoli-donge in [91] Dogon-Bandiagara: kolum-so Mali (Mopti)
91-ABA-aba ejenge-d edyenge Pignari-Makou+ Pignari-Tougoum cantons (Mopti)
91-ABA-abb ambange-d Pignari-Makou canton: Baboy; Tguli; Nyongono; P; Koko;
Nyamina
(Mopti) 3
91-AC JAMSAY+ TOMBO
chain
dogon-C.
91-ACA DOWOY+ DOGUL
net
bondum+ dogul
91-ACA-a Dowoy+ Dogul Mali (Mopti) 4
91-ACA-aa dowoy-dom bondum, tintam, siyemboy #siyemboy=peace (= salutation used as
exonym by neigbouring communities) Tintam Koutoumiri Tour
cantons
Mali (Mopti) 4*
91-ACA-ab dogul-dom nandoli, dougoulou Dougoulou country: Nandoli+ Kambari-
Bandiagara cantons
Mali (Mopti) 3
91-ACB NANGA net
91-ACB-a Nanga Ouakara canton Mali (Mopti) 3
91-ACB-aa nanga-tegu nanga, nana, wakara #nanga-tegu=speech of the forgotten ones Mali (Mopti) 3
91-ACC ORU net
91-ACC-a Oru Bamba canton: Bamba-du-Haut villages Mali (Mopti) 3
91-ACC-aa oru-yille in [91] Dogon-Bandiagara: bede-so Mali (Mopti) 3
91-ACD YANDA net
91-ACD-a Yanda Bamba canton: Yanda Gondo-Sno canton Mali (Mopti) 3
91-ACD-aa yanda-dom Mali (Mopti) 3
91-ACE TOMBO+ DONNO net dogon-bandiagara
91-ACE-a Tombo+ Donno Bandiagara environs Mali (Mopti); Burkina Faso (Volta-
Noire)
4
91-ACE-aa tombo-soo tombo-so, tombo, tommo-so, tommo Ningari Mali (Mopti) 4
91-ACE-ab toro-soo toro-so, toro, toro-W., "standard" dogon Sanga cliffs distinct from
neighbouring [91] Toro-kan (Toro-E.)
Mali (Mopti); Burkina Faso (Volta-
Noire)
4
91-ACE-ac donno-soo kamba, donno Bandiagara Mali (Mopti) 4
91-ACF JAMSAY+ TOGO net dogon-"plains"
91-ACF-a Jamsay+ Togo several of the component inner-languages are interspersed and many
villages encompass two closely related speech communities
Mali (Mopti); Burkina Faso (Volta-
Noire)
5
91-ACF-aa tenge above Bandiagara cliffs: Kani-Bonzon Doundiourou Mali (Mopti)
91-ACF-ab sagara above Bandiagara cliffs Mali (Mopti)
91-ACF-aba guimini Konsogoul Guimini Dourou (Mopti)
91-ACF-abb nombori Nombori Idili-Goudana (Mopti)
91-ACF-ac tomo-kan tomo-k Ouo Sgu Mali (Mopti); also Burkina Faso
(Volta-Noire)
4
91-ACF-ad tene-kan tene-k, tende-kan, tene-trini Bankass Pl Mali (Mopti) 4
91-ACF-ada bankass Bankass (Mopti)
91-ACF-adb pl Pl (Mopti)
91-ACF-ae togo-kan togo-k, "pseudo" tene Bankass Pl Mali (Mopti) 4

91-ACF-af pudyogo Woro Yadianga Mali (Mopti)
91-ACF-afa woro below Bandiagara cliffs Woro Wol-Anakanda (Mopti)
91-ACF-afb yadianga Anakaga Yadianga Ourokou (Mopti)
91-ACF-ag toro-tegu toro-E. distinct from neighbouring [91] Toro-soo (Toro-W.) Mali (Mopti) 3
91-ACF-ah jamsay-tegu jamsay-tengu, yamsay, dyamsay, houmbb, "prestige" dogon,
"vehicular" dogon Diankabou Koro #jamsay=peace (a
salutation used as exonym by neigbouring communities)
Mali (Mopti); also Burkina Faso
(Volta-Noire)
4
91-ACF-aha bama-tegu Bamba canton: Bamba-du-Bas villages (Mopti)
91-ACF-ahb gono-tegu Gondo Sno canton (Mopti)
91-ACF-ahc guru-tegu Sno-Tendli canton (Mopti)
91-ACF-ahd domno-tegu Yoro et Guiri Dinangourou Dyanvli cantons (Mopti) 4
91-B SENARI+
KPALAGHA set
"WIDER"-SENUFO Latin script
91-BA SENARI+ TAGWANA
chain
SENUFO-CENTRAL, snoufo, sena, syena, syene, including mamara,
minianka
91-BAA SENARI+ SUPYIRE
net
91-BAA-a Mamara* mianka, minianka, minyanka, minya, mamba, mambar, mambal,
bamana, bamana-snoufo Koutiala & adjacent cantons Bobo-
Dioulasso subdivision internal classification and locations to be
confirmed
Mali (Sikasso); also Burkina Faso
(Haut-Bassins)
5
91-BAA-aa sghoo Sogo Mali (Sikasso)
91-BAA-ab bajii Mali (Sikasso)
91-BAA-ac naf possible southward links with [91] Nafanan & Nafaanra (Nafana-W. &
-E.)
Mali (Sikasso)
91-BAA-ad mijuu Mali (Sikasso)
91-BAA-ae kle Kil Mali (Sikasso)
91-BAA-af noehm Mali (Sikasso)
91-BAA-ag nejuu Mali (Sikasso)
91-BAA-ah koloo Kolonto and/or Koloni Mali (Sikasso)
91-BAA-ai kujaa Koutiala Mali (Sikasso)
91-BAA-aj sun Soun Mali (Sikasso)
91-BAA-ak mamara-SE. Ngorouerta Fadona Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins)
91-BAA-b Supyire +transition between Mamara and Senari+ Cebaara Sikasso
Tingrla
Mali (Sikasso); Burkina Faso
(Haut-Bassins); Cte d'Ivoire
(Boundiali)
5
91-BAA-ba supyi-re sup'ide, suppire, supire (Sikasso); (Haut-Bassins);
(Boundiali)
5
91-BAA-c Senari+ Cebaara senufo "proper", in [51] Franais: snoufo 'proprement dit' Cte d'Ivoire (Korhogo;
Boundiali ); Mali; Burkina Faso
(Haut Bassins)
5
91-BAA-ca sena-ri senadi, syenara, synre, snr, sndr, senar, senare, shenara
Nienguldougou Bougoula Molasso-Nati Fama-S.
Kabola Kapolondougou Nyn cantons
Mali (Sikasso) 5
91-BAA-cb papa-ra patara*, pomporo* Fofona* Mali (Sikasso)
91-BAA-cc sankan Kabola Mali (Sikasso)
91-BAA-cd takpa-syee-ri tagba-N., messeni, takpa-syri, sicit, snoufo-sicit, sipiit, sicir;
sicijuu-bii community Tagwara canton
Burkina Faso (Haut Bassins); Mali
(Sikasso)
91-BAA-ce niango-lo Burkina Faso 3
91-BAA-cf nane-ri-ge nanderg, nanerg, nanergu, nandereke, naani, bamana-nani
Nanerg +possible transition to [91] Mamara
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins) 4
91-BAA-cg cebaa-ra tiebaara, tyebala, tyebara, cebala, tibala, kyembara, kyembala,
tyembara, tyebaala
Cte d'Ivoire (Boundiali; Korhogo;
Ferkssdougou); Burkina Faso
91-BAA-cga cebaara-SW. Nyen Kyembara Cte d'Ivoire (Boundiali; Korhogo)
91-BAA-cgb cebaara-NE. Niell Loumana Cte d'Ivoire (Ferkssdougou);
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins)
91-BAA-ch kande-re kadl, tengrela Kadl (Boundiali)
91-BAA-ci tagba-ri tagba-S., tagbanri, tagbana, tagwana, tagbona, tagouana, mbengui-
niell Pongala canton
Cte d'Ivoire
91-BAA-cj poga-ra Cte d'Ivoire
91-BAA-ck tene-re teneur Teneur Cte d'Ivoire (Boundiali)
91-BAA-cl kasan-ra kasara, kasmbl Kassmbl Kiembara Korhogo Cte d'Ivoire (Boundiali
Korhogo)
91-BAA-cm nowo-lo nohulu, nowulo, including dugube-syeenri gara Nohulu <originally
from Bandama Rouge middle valley (Mankon)
Cte d'Ivoire (Odienn)
91-BAA-cn tanga-ra tagara Cte d'Ivoire
91-BAA-co gbto Gbto canton Cte d'Ivoire (Boundiali)
91-BAA-cp kafi-re kafimbl Kanoroba Sirasso Nagoun Cte d'Ivoire (Korhogo)
91-BAA-cq kufu-ru kofolo Kebi Guiemb Dikodougou Kadiona Koko Cte d'Ivoire (Boundiali; Korhogo)
91-BAA-cr fodon-ro fodara Cte d'Ivoire

1999 / 2000 edition
91-BAA-cs nafa-nan nafara-W., nafana-W. Nafana (in Boundiali) Nafana (in
Ferkssdougou)
Cte d'Ivoire (Boundiali;
Ferkssdougou)
91-BAA-ct nyarafolo nya'afolo, nyarhafolo, nyarafoloro, niarafolo+ niafolo Nyarhafolo
canton
Cte d'Ivoire (Ferkssdougou) 4
91-BAA-cu senari-SW. Cte d'Ivoire
91-BAB KAR+ SYER net karaboro, kama
91-BAB-a Syer+ Tenyer karaboro-W., perhaps including kain Tengrela Ticouna
Sitina Lemerodougou Banfora Kiribina Kossara
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins:
Banfora)
4
91-BAB-aa tenyer (Haut-Bassins: Banfora)
91-BAB-ab syer (Haut-Bassins: Banfora)
91-BAB-b Kar karaboro-E. Seniana Karaborola Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins:
Como); Cte d'Ivoire
4
91-BAB-ba kar ker, kler (Haut-Bassins); migration> Cte
d'Ivoire
4
91-BAC TAGWANA+ JIMINI
net
senufo-S. Cte d'Ivoire (Katiola)
91-BAC-a Tagwana-N. tagbana-N., tagouna-N., tagbwana-N. Cte d'Ivoire (Korhogo;
Ferkssdougou; Katiola)
4
91-BAC-aa gbozo-ro gbozoro, gonzoro, gbanzoro Napieoledougou (Korhogo)
91-BAC-ab tafi-re tafini, tafil Tafir (Ferkssdougou)
91-BAC-ac niediekaha Ninilkaha (Katiola)
91-BAC-ad niangbo Nyangbo (Katiola)
91-BAC-ae takponin Katiola>N.: Souroukaha Ofyakaha Nanyakaha Afounkaha
Kpokaha
(Katiola)
91-BAC-b Tagwana-S. tagbana-S., tagouna-S., tagbwana-S. Cte d'Ivoire (Katiola) 4
91-BAC-ba takper Niakaramadougou (Katiola)
91-BAC-bb fondebugu Fondebougou (Katiola)
91-BAC-bc jidanan djidanan (Katiola)
91-BAC-bd furgu-la fourgoula (Katiola)
91-BAC-be kacaa-la katiara (Katiola)
91-BAC-bf kacoolo katiola, kotolo, tagbanri Katiola (Katiola)
91-BAC-bg cedaan-le (Katiola)
91-BAC-bh tagwana-'bouak' Bouak: Libert village settlement of freed captives in 19
th
century
after Samory wars
(Bouak)
91-BAC-c Jimini+ Jamala djimini, gimini, guimini, dyimini, jinmini, including jamala Kong
Dabakala Katiola #the name jimini covers all idioms except jamala
Cte d'Ivoire (Ferkssdougou;
Katiola)
4
91-BAC-ca falafa-la Kong>E. (Ferkssdougou)
91-BAC-cb fo-lo foolo, fwoolo, foro, fwolo, folona Nyelle Mbengu (Ferkssdougou; Katiola)
91-BAC-cc dofa-na difana (Katiola)
91-BAC-cd dyafo-lo (Katiola)
91-BAC-ce bandogo bandhoro (Katiola)
91-BAC-cf singa-la singala-tondala, dabakala Dabakala (Katiola)
91-BAC-cg jama-la dyamala, diamala, djamala Djamala (Katiola)
91-BAD TYELIRI* net tyeleri
91-BAD-a Tyeli-ri Cte d'Ivoire 3*
91-BAD-aa tyeli-ri tyeli-bele community scattered leather-workers Cte d'Ivoire
91-BAE KULERE* net
91-BAE-a Kule-re Burkina Faso (Haut Bassins); Cte
d'Ivoire
4
91-BAE-aa kule-re pama; kule-le, coulailai community Toumana>S. scattered wood-
carvers in Cte d'Ivoire
Burkina Faso (Haut Bassins:
Banfora); scattered in Cte d'Ivoire
4
91-BB KPALAGHA+
NAFANRA chain
senufo-E.
91-BBA KPALAGHA net
91-BBA-a Kpalagha Sikolo Cte d'Ivoire (Ferkssdougou) 3
91-BBA-aa kpalagha pallaka, kpallaga, pallakha, palaka, pilara, palara Pallakha Sikolo
Kong cantons
(Ferkssdougou) 3
91-BBB NAFANRA net
91-BBB-a Nafanra nafaanra, nafagha, nafarha, nafaara, nafara-E., nafana-E., dzama,
gambo, banda, pantera+ fantera; shinye-wole nafame community
Ghana (Northern; Brong-Ahafo);
Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou)
4
91-BBB-aa pante-ra pantura, pantara, bandara, gbandara, vandra, wantara; banda, banafo
community
91-BBB-aaa pantera-SW. banda Bondoukou Banda Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou); Ghana
(Brong-Ahafo)
91-BBB-aab pantera-NE. Black Volta left-bank: Tinga Ghana (Northern)
91-BBB-ab fante-ra fantura, fantara Duadaso Ghana (Brong-Ahafo)

91-C TUSYAN+ WIN* set Latin script
91-CA TUSYAN+ WIN chain
91-CAA TUSYAN+ WIN net
91-CAA-a Tusyan+ Win including tusyan-N. tusyan-S., serekini taga-peni+ tapoko+ kourinin Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins) 4
91-CAA-aa tusyan tusyan "proper", tusia, tusya, toussian, turuna, arter Toussiana (Haut-Bassins)
91-CAA-ab win Win (Haut-Bassins)
91-D TIEFO set Latin script
91-DA TIEFO set
91-DAA TIEFO net
91-DAA-a Tiefo tyefo, tifo, tyeforo, kiefo, cefo Sidradougou Toussiana-E. Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins) 3
91-DAA-aa kumandara koumandara, noumoundara+ koumandara Noumoundara,
Noumoudara Koumandara
(Haut-Bassins)
91-DAA-ab nyarafo daramandougou+ nyarafo Daramandougou Nyarafo (Haut-Bassins)
91-E WARA+ NATIORO
set
Latin script
91-EA WARA+ NATIORO
chain
91-EAA WARA+ NATIORO
net
91-EAA-a Wara ouara, ouala, samoe, sama Sindou environs Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins) 3
91-EAA-aa negeni negueni+ klani Nguni (Haut-Bassins)
91-EAA-ab waturu ouatourou+ niasogoni Ouatourou Niasogoni (Haut-Bassins)
91-EAA-ac sulani soulani Soulani (Haut-Bassins)
91-EAA-b Natioro koo'ra, natyoro, natjoro, nacoro, samunti, samitemi, samu, samina Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins) 3
91-EAA-ba kawara kaouara-timba Kaouara Timba Sindou Koroni (Haut-Bassins)
91-EAA-bb ginawuru ginaourou Ginaourou (Haut-Bassins)
91-F DOGOSO+ KHE set Latin script
91-FA DOGOSO+ KHE
chain
bambadion distinct from neighbouring [91] Doghose+ Khi
91-FAA DOGOSO net
91-FAA-a Dogoso Dandougou Bondokoro Sakdougou Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins) 3
91-FAA-aa dogoso dorhosie-S., bambadion-dogoso, bambadion-dokhosie, "black" dogoso,
in [00] Manding: dorossi-fing, dorhosi-fing, dorhosy-fign (= black
dogoso), in [51] Franais: dorhosi noir
(Haut-Bassins) 3
91-FAB KHE net
91-FAB-a Khe Noumoukidougou Moromoro Lobo Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins); also
Cte d'Ivoire (Ferkssdougou)
3
91-FAB-aa khe kheso, bambadion-kheso (Haut-Bassins); (Ferkssdougou) 3
91-G KASEM+ MOORE set "NARROW"-GUR Latin script
91-GA VIGE chain VIEMO
91-GAA VIGE net
91-GAA-a Vige Bobo-Dioulasso>SW. Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins) 3
91-GAA-aa vige vievo, viewa, viemo, vigu, vigui, vigy (Haut-Bassins) 3
91-GB LOBI+ MORU* chain
91-GBA LOBI+ JAANE net +transition to [91] Gan+ Dogho
91-GBA-a Lobi lobi-ri Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins); Cte
d'Ivoire (Bondoukou); Ghana
(Upper
5
91-GBA-aa lobi-ri lobi "proper" Gaoua Tehini Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins); Cte
d'Ivoire (Bondoukou)
5
91-GBA-ab gongon-lobi Gongon Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins)
91-GBA-ac miwa miwa-lobi Ghana (Upper)
91-GBA-b Jaane+ Zanga dyan Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins) 4
91-GBA-ba jaane dian, dy, dyane, dyanu, dan Dibougou>W. (Haut-Bassins) 4
91-GBA-bb zanga Zanga (Haut-Bassins)
91-GBB MORU* net
91-GBB-a Moru Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou) 4*
91-GBB-aa moru Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou) 4*
91-GC KULANGO+ TEGE
chain
91-GCA TEGE net
91-GCA-a Tege teen, nabe Thini Kampti Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou); Burkina
Faso (Haut-Bassins)
3
91-GCA-aa teen tenhe, tnh, tege "proper", tege-sie, tege-sye, ts, tuni; ten-se
person, ten-bo community Thini Kampti
(Bondoukou); (Haut-Bassins) 3
91-GCA-ab loghon* loron, lorhon (Bondoukou); (Haut-Bassins)

1999 / 2000 edition
91-GCB LOMA net
91-GCB-a Loma distinct from [00] Loma in Liberia Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou) 3*
91-GCB-aa loma lomakka; loma-se, lomasse person, loma-po community Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou)
91-GCC KULANGO net
91-GCC-a Kulango kulano, kpelego, kolangho, kulan, kulam, kolan-mbio, kolambo,
kulambo, kulamwo, kulanngo, kulange, koulango, kolango
Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou;
Ferkssdougou); adjacent Ghana
(Brong-Ahafo)
5
91-GCC-aa kong Kong (Ferkssdougou)
91-GCC-ab bonduku bondoukou Bondoukou (Bondoukou); (Brong-Ahafo) 4
91-GCC-ac nasion nassian Nassian (Bondoukou)
91-GCC-ad buna bouna, nkuraeng, nkurange (Bondoukou); (Brong-Ahafo) 5
91-GCC-ada sekwa Sekwa (Brong-Ahafo)
91-GCC-adb nabanj (Bondoukou); (Brong-Ahafo)
91-GD CURAMA+ CERMA
chain
part of gur-CS.
91-GDA CURAMA+ CERMA
net
banfora
91-GDA-a Cura-ma tyura-ma, tyura-ba, tour-ka, tur-ka, turu-ka, karaboro, gben, kpen, kpin,
pin
91-GDA-aa duna Douna (Haut-Bassins) 4
91-GDA-ab beregadugu Beregadougou Toumousseni (Haut-Bassins) 4
91-GDA-b Cer-ma cer-man, kir-ma, kira-mba, mbouin, gbwen, gouin, gwin, gwe, gwen Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins); also
Cte d'Ivoire (Ferkssdougou)
4
91-GDA-ba banfora Banfora Sienena (Haut-Bassins) 4
91-GDA-bb niangoloko Niangoloko Diarabakoko (Haut-Bassins) 4
91-GDA-bc subaka Soubakanedougou (Haut-Bassins) 4*
91-GDA-bd gwinduguba Gouindougouba (Haut-Bassins) 4*
91-GDA-be wangolodugu Ouangolodougou (Ferkssdougou) 3
91-GE KAAN+ DOGHOSE
chain
gan+ doghose, part of gur-CS. +transition to [91] Lobi
91-GEA DOGHOSE+ KHI net distinct from neighbouring [91] Dogoso+ Khe
91-GEA-a Doghose dogho, dogho-se, dorho-sie-N., doxo-se, dorho-sy, doghosye,
dorossie, dorho-sye, dokho, doro-sie, dokho-sie, dokho-si, dogho-si,
dogho-sie, dogo-s, dorhossi, doross; dogho-be, dokho-be, dorob
community Ouo Sideradougou Sirakoro
91-GEA-aa klamaasi-se klamaasi (Haut-Bassins)
91-GEA-ab meisi-se (Haut-Bassins)
91-GEA-ac luti-se luti (Haut-Bassins)
91-GEA-ad gbeny-se gbny (Haut-Bassins)
91-GEA-ae sukura-se sukura (Haut-Bassins)
91-GEA-af gbogoro-se gbogoro (Haut-Bassins)
91-GEA-b Khi khi-sa Mangodara environs Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins); Cte
d'Ivoire (Ferkssdougou)
3
91-GEA-ba khi-sa keese, khi, kumwenu, khi-khipa, in [00] Manding: komono (Haut-Bassins); (Ferkssdougou) 3
91-GEB KAAN+ KPATOGO
net
91-GEB-a Kaan Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins) 3
91-GEB-aa kaan-se gan, gane, kan, g, kn-se, kaan-sa; kam-ba, kam-be community
Obir
(Haut-Bassins) 3
91-GEB-b Kpatogo Tiankoura environs: Diassara Gbengu Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins) 3
91-GEB-ba kpatogo-so kpatogo, gbadogo, kpodogho, padogho, bodoro, padorho, padoro (Haut-Bassins) 2
91-GF KASEM+ BWAMU
chain
GRUSI, grussi, "wider" gurunsi, "wider" gourounsi #the community-
name gurun-se (i.e. speakers of [91] Gurenge) has been used to cover
all languages of this chain and their speakers (in the forms grusi,
gurunsi, etc., although [91] Gurenge is itself outside this chain)
91-GFA KASEM+ PANA net grusi-N.
91-GFA-a Pana lu-pana, sama Sourou valley Mali (Mopti); Burkina Faso (Volta-
Noire)
4*
91-GFA-aa lu-pana-N. pana-N. Bandiagara-S. (Mopti) 3
91-GFA-ab lu-pana-S. pana-S. Ou environs (Volta-Noire) 3
91-GFA-b Lyele ll, l'ele, lyla, lela, l'la, lil-s Koudougou Ro Tenado Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire); also
migration> Cte d'Ivoire
5
91-GFA-ba kipirsi kwama, lyele-NW., kon Tougan>S.: Gourou-S. Ye-S. Kougny-S.
cantons, including Kipirsi, Kibiri
Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFA-bb lyele-C. Kondougou cercle Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFA-bba gigir Gigir Gyo (Kwergy) cantons (Volta-Noire) 5
91-GFA-bbb betondo Batondo, Betondo Gyo cantons (Volta-Noire)
91-GFA-bbc neb-we neb-wa community Zavwl canton (Volta-Noire) 5

91-GFA-c Nuni nune, nuna, nouni, nunu-ma, nuru-ma Lo environs -bilingual in
[91] Moore
Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire) 5
91-GFA-ca mica-ri Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFA-cb basinya-ri sundo-ni Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFA-cc yati-ni Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFA-cd go-ri Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFA-ce bwana Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFA-cf sankura-E. separate identity from [91] Sankura-W. to be confirmed Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFA-cg nebo-li* nuboli, nibulu, nebwe, nebwa Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFA-d Kasem kasim, kassem, kason, kasene; kasena, kassena community Po
Navrongo
Burkina Faso (Centre); Ghana
(Upper)
5
91-GFA-da fu-ri fere, fura, kason-bura, kason-fura, kason-fra, kasem-W. Burkina Faso (Centre)
91-GFA-db kasem-E. Burkina Faso (Centre)
91-GFA-e Samo-Kalamse* samo-ma; samo, kalenga person, samo-ya, kalam-se, kalem-se
community Tougan environs
Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire) 4*
91-GFA-ea kaso-ma kalamse-E. Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFA-eb logrem-ma logma, kalamse-W. Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFB SISALA+ TAMPUL
net
GRUSI-WEST
91-GFB-a Ko Boromo Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire) 4
91-GFB-aa ko-lsi ko, kols, winye, winy; winyema community Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire) 4
91-GFB-b Phwi pwo Dano>NW.: Dolo-Orukua canton; Dibougou>N.& W. Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins) 4
91-GFB-ba phwi pwe; pwo, pwa, phwo, pwho community; exonym: buguri, puguli,
pougouli, buguli; in [00] Jula: yerse
91-GFB-c Sisala Lo Hamale Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire); Ghana
(Upper)
4
91-GFB-ca sisaa-li sisala "proper", sisala-N., isala, isaalung, sisaala, sisai, sissala, issala,
sisale, hissala, tumulung, sisala-tumu Lo Hamale
Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire); Ghana
(Upper)
4
91-GFB-cb busil-lu busillu-sisala, sisala-W. Ghana (Upper)
91-GFB-cc n-si-haa Ghana (Upper)
91-GFB-cd potu-le Ghana (Upper)
91-GFB-ce gil-baga-le gale-bagla, gil-bagala Ghana (Upper)
91-GFB-cf paasa-li pasali, pasale, paasale, pasaala, sisala-S. Ghana (Upper)
91-GFB-d Tampul tampul-ma Damongo Ghana (Northern) 4
91-GFB-da tampul-ma tampul, tampli-ma, tampru-si, tampolen-se, tampolen-si, tampole,
tampele, tampolene, tampolen, tampolem
(Northern) 4
91-GFB-e Chakali Ducie Ghana (Upper; Northern) 3
91-GFB-ea chaka-li cakali (Upper; Northern) 3
91-GFB-f Vaghla vagla, vaxla, vagala, konosarola, paxala Sawla Vonkoro Ghana (Northern); Cte d'Ivoire
(Bondoukou)
4*
91-GFB-fa vaghla-A. vaghla "proper" (Bondoukou)
91-GFB-fb bole (Bondoukou)
91-GFB-fc buge (Bondoukou)
91-GFB-fd siti sitigo, kira Ghana (Northern); Cte d'Ivoire
(Bondoukou)
91-GFB-g Deg mo, mon, mmfo Volta lake>W. Ghana (Northern); also Cte
d'Ivoire (Bondoukou)
4
91-GFB-ga deg-A. deg "proper", degha, janela, aculo, buru Ghana (Northern)
91-GFB-gb boe mo "proper" Ghana (Northern)
91-GFB-gc longoro Ghana (Northern)
91-GFB-gd mangum Ghana (Northern)
91-GFC KABIYE+ BOMU net GRUSI-EAST
91-GFC-a Chala Nkwanta Odomi Ago Ghana (Volta; Northern) 3
91-GFC-aa chala cala, tshala, tshanla (Volta; Northern) 3
91-GFC-b Kabiye+ Lama Togo (Kara); Ghana; Benin 6
91-GFC-ba kabiye kabye, kabre, kabie-ma, kabiye-mba, kabre-ma, kabure, cabrai, cabrais
Kozah Binah prfectures; also migration> Sotouboua Kioto
Ogou Haho prfectures
Togo (Kara); also Ghana; Benin 6
91-GFC-baa kabiye-N. Togo (Kara); also Benin
91-GFC-bab kabiye-S. Togo (Kara); also Ghana
91-GFC-bb lama lamba, anima, including part of 'losso' Benin (Atakora); Togo 5
91-GFC-bba kante kande Benin (Atakora)
91-GFC-bbb defale Defale Togo
91-GFC-bbc kadjalla Togo
91-GFC-bbd yaka agbande Lon Yaka (Atakora)

1999 / 2000 edition
91-GFC-bc delo ntrubo, ntribu, ntribou Togo; Ghana 3
91-GFC-bd bago bagou, koussountou Bagou Koussountou Benin; Togo 3
91-GFC-be lukpa lugba, ligba, ligbe, logba, lokpa, likpa, legba, dompago Benin (Atakora); Togo frontier 4
91-GFC-c Tem kotokoli, cotocoli, tim, timu, temba Bafil Sokod Sotouboua Togo; Ghana; Benin 5
91-GFC-ca tem tem-ba, tem-bia, tim-u, kotokol-i, cotocoli Togo; Ghana; Benin 5
91-GFD BOMU+ CHAN* net
91-GFD-a Bo-mu BWAMU, boo-mu, boua-mou, bore, "red" bobo, including bwamu-W.
bwamu-E., in [00] Manding: bobo-oule, bobo-wule, bobo-ul (= red
bobo), in [51] Franais: bobo rouge; bwa-ba community
Soumbara Bani river (San Sofara)
Burkina Faso; Mali 5
91-GFD-aa ouarkoye bwamu-C., bwamu "standard" Ouarkoye Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFD-ab dwe-mu Mali (Sgou)
91-GFD-aba terekongo terekoungo (Sgou)
91-GFD-abb wahu (Sgou)
91-GFD-ac dahan-mu including koniko Mali (Sgou)
91-GFD-ad pwe Mali (Sgou)*
91-GFD-ae tara Mali (Sgou)*
91-GFD-af nyenyege nyeng Mali (Sgou)*
91-GFD-ag mandia-kuy Mandjakuy Mali (Sgou)
91-GFD-ah bomboro-kuy Mali (Sgou)*
91-GFD-ai mao Mali (Sgou); Burkina Faso (Volta-
Noire)
91-GFD-aj sanaba Sanaba Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFD-ak solenso Solenzo Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFD-al masala massala Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)*
91-GFD-am dedugu Ddougou Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFD-an bondu-koy bondoukoy Bondoukuy Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFD-ao wakara ouakara Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)*
91-GFD-ap sara Sara Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFD-aq hunde hound Hound Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFD-ar yaho Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)*
91-GFD-as mamu mamou Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)*
91-GFD-at bagasi bagassi Bagassi Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFD-au sankura-W. zara separate identity from [91] Sankura-E. to be confirmed Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
91-GFD-b Chan* Benena Bobo-Fekala Fangasso Dumy Koula Kouna
Mandjakay Tara Teneni Tioutiou. Turula cantons
Mali (Sgou); Burkina Faso (Volta-
Noire)
3*
91-GFD-ba chan* can, tian, tyan, kyan, in [00] Manding: bobo-gbe (=white bobo), in [51]
Franais: bobo blanc
Mali (Sgou); Burkina Faso (Volta-
Noire)
3*
91-GFE KURUMFE+
NYONYO net
91-GFE-a Kurumfe+ Nyonyo Ouahigouya Dori cercles: Djibi-Aribinda country Gorgadji+ Djibou Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire); also
Mali (Mopti)
4*
91-GFE-aa a-kurum-fe kurum, kurum-fe; a-kurum-ba, kouroum-ba, tellem, in [90] Fula:
deefooro-be, deforo, in [91] Moore: ful-se, foul-s community
Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire); also
Mali (Mopti)
91-GFE-ab nyonyo-si* Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire); also
Mali (Mopti)
91-GG MOORE+ GURMA
chain
OTI-VOLTA
91-GGA MOORE+ DAGBANE
net
covering an area of confused and often overlapping ethnolinguistic
nomenclature
91-GGA-a Moore+ Dagaari Burkina Faso; Ghana; Togo; Mali;
Cte d'Ivoire
6
91-GGA-aa moo-re mo-le, moo-r, moon-re; mo-aaga person, mossi, mo-shi, mo-se,
nyonyo-si community Mali frontier Togo frontier: Ouahigouya
Ouagadougou Tenkodogo
Burkina Faso (Centre; Volta-Noire;
Est); also migration> Ghana;
Togo; Mali; Cte d'Ivoire
6
91-GGA-aaa ouagadougou "urban" moore Ouagadougou Burkina Faso (Centre)
91-GGA-aab sarem-de Burkina Faso
91-GGA-aac taolen-de taoolende Burkina Faso
91-GGA-aad yaad-re yad-re, yaan-de; yan-si community Burkina Faso
91-GGA-aae gyoo-re gyoor, gyore Burkina Faso
91-GGA-ab yan-ga moore-SE., yana, yan, yam, yaan, jaan, timbou Senkanss
Timbou Tabi
Togo-NW. 3
91-GGA-ac zao-re joo-re Diabo environs Burkina Faso (Est: Boulgou;
Gourma)
4
91-GGA-ad waa-li wa-li, wa-le; wa-lo person, wa-la, a-la, oua-la community Wa Ghana (Upper) 5*
91-GGA-ada batigi (Upper)
91-GGA-adb nome (Upper)
91-GGA-adc femara (Upper)

91-GGA-ae guren-ge gurenne, gudeni; guren-ga, gurin-ga, ninkarn-ga person, guren-se,
gurun-si "proper", gouroun-si "proper", nankan-se, nankan-si
community Bolgatanga Navrongo
Ghana (Upper); Burkina Faso
(Centre: Nahouri) frontier
5
91-GGA-aea frafra farefare Ghana (Upper)
91-GGA-aeb nankane nankani, nankanni Ghana (Upper)
91-GGA-aec booni Ghana (Upper)
91-GGA-af kanto-si kanton-si, yada-si Sandema district: Kpaliwongo Ghana (Upper) 3
91-GGA-ag safala safaz-o, safala-ba, safali-ba, safal-ba, Banda-N. Ghana (Northern) 3
91-GGA-ah dagaa-ri daga-ri, daga-re, dogaa-ri, 'dagarti', 'dagati', 'degati', part of "wider"
dagaa-ri; daga-o person, daga-ba community Dibougou Boe
Vapor Lawra
Ghana (Upper; also Northern);
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins)
5
91-GGA-aha daga-ra dagaa-ri-N. (Haut-Bassins: Poni; Bourgouriba;
Sissili; Mouhoun)
91-GGA-ahb dagaa-ri-S. (Upper; Northern)
91-GGA-ai dagaari-jula dagaari-dioula, dagari-dyoula, jari, wala; "muslim" daga-ba community
Dibougou environs
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins:
Oussa-Hamale)
3*
91-GGA-aj birifor-N. birifo, malba-birifor, part of "wider" dagaa-ri Black Volta right-bank:
Dibougou>E. Black Volta right-bank> Tantama (meeting-point of 3
nations)
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins: Poni);
also Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou
frontier)
5
91-GGA-aja malba-birifor Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins)
91-GGA-ajb wile wule, oul, wili Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins)
91-GGA-ak nura lura, lawra, part of "wider" dagaa-ri Ghana (Upper); Burkina Faso
91-GGA-al lob-r lober, loberu, lobiri, birifor-S., lawra 'lobi', part of "wider" dagaa-ri; lob-a
person Lawra
91-GGA-am bam-ge* Ghana
91-GGA-b Bulba Tanguieta Benin (Atakora) 2
91-GGA-ba nt-re nt-re, noot-re, nont-re, burusa; nt-ba, nont-ba, bul-ba, boul-ba
community
(Atakora) 2
91-GGA-c Dagbane+ Kusaal Ghana; Burkina Faso; also Togo;
Cte d'Ivoire
5
91-GGA-ca kusaal kusa-le, kusas-piat; kusa-si, kusaa-si, koussass community Bawku
district Zabr
(Centre)
5
91-GGA-caa ango-le kusaal-SE. (Upper) 5*
91-GGA-cab toen-de kusaal-SW. (Upper) 5*
91-GGA-cac kusaal-NW. Zabr>S. (Centre) 4
91-GGA-cb nab-t nabte, nabde, nabit, part of "wider" gurenne; nabdem, nabdam,
namnam, nabnam community nabdug, nabrug country Red Volta
right-bank
Ghana (Upper)
91-GGA-cc tal-ne tal-ni, tal-ene, part of "wider" gurenne; tal-enga person, talis, talen-si,
talan-si, tallen-si community between Red Volta and White Volta
valleys: Zuarungu-SE. Tongo
Ghana (Upper); also Togo
91-GGA-cd mampru-li mampru-le, ngmamperli, nmampelli, nmampulli, mamprulli, mampelle,
manpelle, mampulugu, mampuriga person, mampulusi, mamprusi
Gambaga environs
Ghana (Northern); Togo 5
91-GGA-ce dagba-ne dagba-ni, dagomba, dagboma; dagbana person, dagbamba, dagomba
community, dagbon country Tamale Yendi
Ghana (Northern); also Togo 5
91-GGA-cf nanu-ne nanu-n, nanu-ni, nanu-mle; nanu-mba perhaps now absorbed by [91]
Dagba-ne
Ghana (Northern)
91-GGA-cg hanga anga Damongo district Ghana (Northern) 3
91-GGA-cga ka-mara mara (Northern)
91-GGA-cgb damongo damango Damongo (Northern)
91-GGA-cgc lankate-re (Northern)
91-GGA-cgd murugu Murugu (Northern)
91-GGA-cge yazo-ri (Northern)
91-GGB BULI+ KONNI net
91-GGB-a Buli+ Konni Ghana (Upper; Northern); Burkina
Faso
5
91-GGB-aa kon-ni koni, ko-mung; ko-ma community Yikpabongo Nangurima Ghana (Upper; Northern)
91-GGB-ab bu-li builsa, bulisa, bulea, bulsa, bura, kandjaga, kanjaga, kajaga, kanjarga,
guresha Sandema district: Kanjaga
adjacent
5
91-GGC YOM+ NAWDM net
91-GGC-a Nawdm Losso plain: Niamtougou Togo; also migration> Ghana 5
91-GGC-aa nawd-m nawd-um, naud-m, nawd-am, naud-em, naud-eba, naud-emba
community, part of 'losso', 'loso'
Togo; also Ghana 5
91-GGC-b Yom+ Tangelem pilapila, kpilakpila, yom Djougou environs Benin (Atakora) 4
91-GGC-ba yo-m yom "proper", "lowland" yom, djelana, kilinga; yo-ra person, yo-ma
community
Benin (Atakora) 4
91-GGC-bb tangel-em tem-ba, "upland" yom; tane-ka community Benin (Atakora) 4*

1999 / 2000 edition
91-GGD GURMA+ MOBA net
91-GGD-a Gurma gourma, gulma-nce-ma, gurma-nche-ma, gurma-ntye-ma, gourma-
nch-ma, gurma-nce, gourma-nche, gourma-ntch, mi-gulima-nce-ma,
goulma-nce-ma, goulma-ce-ma, gulima-nce-ma, gulma-c-ma; binum-
ba, bi-gulima-nce-ba, gurma-ntye-ba community further component
languages and dialects to be identified
Burkina Faso (Est: Gourma;
Tapoa; Anagna); Togo (Nord);
Benin (Atakora; Borgou); Niger
5
91-GGD-aa gulma-ncema-N. Bogand Toleba Burkina Faso (Est); Niger (Niamey)
91-GGD-ab gulma-ncema-C. "standard" gurma Fada-Ngourma Burkina Faso (Est)
91-GGD-ac gulma-ncema-S. Bidjanga Dapaon Korbongou numerous dialects to be
distinguished
Togo; Benin
91-GGD-b Migangam+
Migbeen*
Togo; also Benin (Atakora); Ghana
(Northern)
4
91-GGD-ba mi-gangam ngamngam "proper", nbangam, gangan, ganguml, ngamngam,
gangam, gangum, ngangan, ngng, dye Gando-Namoni Mogou
Koumongou Kountouri
Togo
91-GGD-bb ku-mongu kou-mongou, mo-gou Togo
91-GGD-bc li-jem mi-jiem, mo-tiem Togo
91-GGD-bca mi-tuom tiemanga Timanga Togo+ Ghana (Northern) frontier
91-GGD-bcb tontondi Tontondi Togo
91-GGD-bd mi-gbeen Togo
91-GGD-be mi-dokm Togo+ Benin (Atakora) frontier
91-GGD-bf mi-felm Togo+ Benin (Atakora) frontier
91-GGD-bg le-kpekpam li-kpakpaanli, di-kpankpandi, di-kpangkpamdi, kpungkpamba,
kpakpamba, konkomba, kpekpam
Ghana (Northern); Togo
91-GGD-c Moba+ Bem moba-mam, moba-mba Dapaong Bombouaka with
considerable dialectal variation
Togo; Ghana 5
91-GGD-ca moba-C. moa, moab, moare, moar, mowa Togo; also Burkina Faso
91-GGD-cb bi-moba b-moba, moba-W., look Ghana
91-GGD-cc bem bim-ba Togo
91-GGD-cd nachaba natchaba Togo
91-GGD-d Basaal Basari, bassari, basare Bassar Kabou Kalanga Togo; Ghana 5*
91-GGD-da n-can-m ce, ceem-ba, be-tyam-be, bi-tchan-mb, tcham-ba, cem-ba, cham-ba,
n-cam, n-tcham, n-cham, kamba Tcham
Togo; Ghana 5*
91-GGD-db n-taapu-m bi-taapu-l Togo; Ghana
91-GGD-dc li-nangman-li Togo
91-GGD-dd a-kasele-m kasele, a-kasele Togo 4
91-GGD-de tobote tebote Togo
91-GGD-e Kpakpa kpokpa, li-kpakpa-ln, le-kpokpam, kpankpam, konkomba, kom-komba;
bi-kpakpaln, be-kpokpam community, ke-kpokpam country Yendi
district: Guerin & widely scattered in north-western Ghana
Ghana (Northern); Togo 5
91-GGD-ea li-koon-li li-koln, kom-ba, konkomba "proper"; be-kwo-m community Ghana-NE.; Togo
91-GGD-eb li-chaboo-l chabo, tchabo, li-chabool-nalong; be-chabo-b, be-tchabo-b community Ghana-NE.; Togo
91-GGD-ec li-monkpe-l monkpe, mokpi, be-mokpi-m community Ghana-NE.; Togo
91-GGD-ed li-nafie-l nafie, be-nafia-b community Ghana-NE.; Togo
91-GGD-ee li-gbe-ln gbe, gbi, be-gbi-m community Ghana-NE.; Togo
91-GGD-f Nateni+ Tayari Benin (Atakora) 4
91-GGD-fa nate-ni natem-ba, natim-ba community Toukountouna district Benin (Atakora)
91-GGD-fb taya-ri taya-ba community Tanguita district Benin (Atakora)
91-GGD-fc kunte-ni kuntem-ba community Kobly Matri Tanguita districts Benin (Atakora)
91-GGD-fd oko-ni oko-ma community Tanguita Kouand districts Benin (Atakora)
91-GGE BIALI+ TAMARI* net
91-GGE-a Biali Nateni environs Benin (Atakora); also Togo;
Burkina Faso
4
91-GGE-aa bia-li bie-ri, bje-ri; bia-la-ba, bjer-b, ber-ba, bur-ba community Benin (Atakora) 4
91-GGE-b Waama+ Tangam Benin (Atakora) 4
91-GGE-ba waa-ma wama; woa-ba, wa-ba, yoa-bu, yoa-bou blacksmiths' idiom Benin (Atakora)
91-GGE-bb tangam-ma tankam-ba Benin (Atakora)
91-GGE-c Tamari 'some', 'soma', 'som-ba' Nadoba Wantema Warengo
Koutougou
Togo; Benin (Atakora) 5
91-GGE-ca li-tanmari tamari-W., di-tamma-ri; tamber-ma, ba-tanmarin-ba, be-tammari-be, ba-
tammara-ba, ba-taba-ba community
Togo
91-GGE-cb di-tammari tamari-E., di-tamari Benin (Atakora) 5
91-GGE-cc nyende niende-W. Togo
91-GGE-cd mbelime mbilme, niendi-E., niende-E. Benin (Atakora) 4

91-GH YOBE* chain
91-GHA YOBE net
91-GHA-a Yobe meeting point of Natitingou Lama-Kara Djougou cercles Togo; Benin (Atakora); Togo 3
91-GHA-aa mi-yobe yobe, u-yobe, bi-yobe, bi-jobe, me-yobe, ka-yobe, ku-yobe, sorouba,
soruba, sola, solla, solamba
Benin (Atakora); Togo 3
91-GI BAATONUM chain BARIBA, bargu
91-GIA BAATONUM net
91-GIA-a Baatonum Kouand Kandi Nikki Parakou Okuta; also Mekrou right-
bank + Niger confluence
Benin (Borgou); Nigeria (Kwara)
5
91-GIA-aa baatonum bargu, borgu, burgu, batonnum, batonu, batomba, baatonu, baatonun,
baatonun-kwara, barba, bariba, berba, borgawa, bogung, zana; baaton-
bu, baatombu, batombu community
Benin (Borgou); Nigeria (Kwara) 5
91-H CENKA* set Latin script
91-HA CENKA chain
91-HAA CENKA net
91-HAA-a Cenka Kasa town Benin (Borgou) 3*
91-HAA-aa cenka majority of speakers shifting to [01] Dendi Benin (Borgou) 3*
91-I SIAMOU set SEME Latin script
91-IA SIAMOU chain
91-IAA SIAMOU net
91-IAA-a Siamou Orodara Bandougou -bilingual in [90] Fulfulde the closest
affinities of this language are probably with the languages of the [91]
Grusi chain and the [95] Kru set
Burkina Faso (Kndougou) 4
91-IAA-aa siamou-A. seme "proper", siamon, siamou, simou, symou, siemu, smu
Orodara
Burkina Faso (Kndougou) 4
91-IAA-ab bandugu bandougou Bandougou Burkina Faso (Kndougou) 4

1999 / 2000 edition
92= ADAMAWIC
phylozone
covers the "Adamawa" reference area within the "Volta-
Congo" affinity, within the wider "Transafrican" continental
affinity; comprising 3 sets of languages (= 59 outer languages)
spoken by communities in interior eastern West Africa:
92-A WAJA+ JANJO 92-B MUMUYE+ SAMBA
92-C BUA+ BANGLING
Cameroon; Chad; Nigeria
6
92-A WAJA+ DZA set Latin script
92-AA WAJA+ LOTSU chain
92-AAA WAJA+ TULA net
92-AAA-a Waja Ako, Akko Kaltongo, Kaltungo Nigeria (Bauchi) 4
92-AAA-aa waja wadja, wagga, wuya Nigeria (Bauchi)
92-AAA-b Tula Kaltongo, Kaltungo environs Nigeria (Bauchi) 4
92-AAA-ba tula ko-tule, ku-tele, ture Nigeria (Bauchi) 4
92-AAA-c Bangwinji Kaltongo, Kaltungo environs Nigeria (Bauchi) 3
92-AAA-ca bangwinji bangunji Nigeria (Bauchi)
92-AAB YEBU+ KAMO net yebu+ kamu
92-AAB-a Yebu Kaltongo, Kaltungo environs Nigeria (Bauchi) 3*
92-AAB-aa yiin-yebu yebu, awak, awok Nigeria (Bauchi)
92-AAB-b Kamo Ako, Akko Kaltongo, Kaltungo Nigeria (Bauchi) 3
92-AAB-ba kamo kamu Nigeria (Bauchi) 3
92-AAC DIYA+ TUNGA net
92-AAC-a Diya+ Tunga Balanga Numan districts Nigeria (Bauchi; Gongola) 3
92-AAC-aa loo-diya diya, da-diya, nda-dia, da-dia, daa-diya, boleri, in [19] Hausa: dadianci Nigeria (Bauchi; Gongola) 3
92-AAC-ab tunga Nigeria (Bauchi; Gongola)
92-AAD LOTSU+ DIJIM net
92-AAD-a Dijim Balanga Numan districts Nigeria (Bauchi; Gongola) 3
92-AAD-aa cham cam Nigeria (Bauchi; Gongola) 3
92-AAD-ab mwana mwano, mwona, mwomo, mona, bwilim Nigeria (Bauchi; Gongola) 3
92-AAD-b Lotsu+ Piri Numan district Nigeria (Gongola) 3
92-AAD-ba lotsu kitta Nigeria (Gongola)
92-AAD-bb piri Nigeria (Gongola)
92-AB DZA+ BURAK chain janjo+ burak
92-ABA BURAK+ MAK net
92-ABA-a Burak+ Lo Billiri Kaltungo Karim-Lamido districts Nigeria (Bauchi) 3
92-ABA-aa burak buurak; yele community Billiri Kaltungo districts Nigeria (Bauchi) 3
92-ABA-ab lo loo, loh, shunhu; including fore, kyilayo bene tamu bana
talau tadam wawa clans Karim-Lamido>NE.
Nigeria (Bauchi) 3
92-ABA-b Mak Karim-Lamido>NE. Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-ABA-ba lee-mak mak, le-mak, panya, panyam; including guma zidah togon
mungok tawok tagwam clans
Nigeria (Gongola)
92-ABA-c Bambuka Karim-Lamido district Nigeria (Gongola) 4*
92-ABA-ca kyak bambuka "proper" Nigeria (Gongola)
92-ABA-cb kanawa Kanuwa Nigeria (Gongola)
92-ABA-d Lau Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-ABA-da lee-lau lau, lo* Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-ABA-e Gwomu* Gwomu Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-ABA-ea gwomu gwomo Nigeria (Gongola)
92-ABB DZA+ MUNGA net
92-ABB-a Dza Janjo, jenjo, jen, ja, njeng, karenjo, gwomo Jen Nigeria (Gongola) 3
92-ABB-aa dza-W. Nigeria (Gongola)
92-ABB-ab dza-E. Nigeria (Gongola)
92-ABB-b Munga Karim Lamido district Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-ABB-ba munga Nigeria (Gongola)
92-AC GWANDA+ TARIYA
chain
LONGUDA
92-ACA GWANDA+ TARIYA
net
92-ACA-a Gwanda+ Tariya longura-ma, longuda, nunguda, nunguraba, nungura, nungura-ba,
ngura-ya, languda Guyuk+ Billiri-Kaltungo districts
Nigeria (Gongola; Bauchi) 4
92-ACA-aa nya-ceri-ya ceri, cirim-ba, gerem-be Nigeria (Gongola and/or Bauchi)
92-ACA-ab nya-gwanda gwanda, nyuwar, gwanda-ba, "hill" longuda Nigeria (Gongola and/or Bauchi)

92-ACA-ac nya-guyuwa guyuwa, guyak, turu-ba, "plain" longuda Guyuk Nigeria (Gongola)
92-ACA-ad nya-dele dele, dele-be Nigeria (Gongola and/or Bauchi)
92-ACA-ae nya-tariya tariya, tara-ba Nigeria (Gongola and/or Bauchi)
92-AD EBUNA+ MBOI chain
92-ADA EBUNA+ ROBA* net
92-ADA-a Ebuna+ Roba 'lala', 'lalla' Shellem Ga'anda Song Gombi Guyuk Yungur
districts
Nigeria (Gongola; Numan) 4*
92-ADA-aa e-buna e-bna, e-bina, buna, binna, yungur, including purra, e-buna-N.
community
Nigeria (Gongola)
92-ADA-ab roba robba, gworam Nigeria (Gongola)
92-ADA-b Ebuna Shellem Song Gombi Guyuk districts Nigeria (Gongola) 4
92-ADA-ba Nigeria (Gongola) 4
92-ADB MBOI+ HANDA net
92-ADB-a Mboi+ Handa Song district Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-ADB-aa mboi mboi-re, mboyi Nigeria (Gongola) 3
92-ADB-ab handa Handa Nigeria (Gongola) 3
92-ADB-ac banga Banga Nigeria (Gongola)
92-ADC LIBO net Nigeria (Gongola)
92-ADC-a Libo Guyuk environs Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-ADC-aa libo libbo Nigeria (Gongola) 3
92-AE BA* chain
92-AEA BA net
92-AEA-a Ba Munga environs: Kaakan Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-AEA-aa ba kwa, bah Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-B MUMUYE+ SAMBA
set
Latin script
92-BA MUMUYE+
YENDANG chain
92-BAA MUMUYE+ GENGLE
net
92-BAA-a Waka Bajama district: Zinna>E. Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-BAA-aa waka Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-b Teme Nigeria Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-BAA-ba teme tema Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-c Gengle Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-BAA-ca gengle wegele Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-d Gongla Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-BAA-da gongla bomla, bajama, jareng Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-e Mumuye-W. Nigeria (Gongola) 5
92-BAA-ea lankaviri lankoviri Lankoveri Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-eb gola bajama Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-ec kasaa Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-ed saawa Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-ee pangseng Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-ef jalingo Jalingo Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-eg nyaaja Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-f Mumuye-E. mome, nya-kopo Nigeria (Gongola); adjacent
Cameroon (Nord)
5
92-BAA-fa zing zinna Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-fb dong donga perhaps to be reclassified within [92] Samba-Leko Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-fc yoro Yorro Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-fd jeng Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-fe gnoore Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-ff yaa Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-fg rang Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-fh sagbee Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-fi shaari Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-fj kugong Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-fk mang Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-fl kwaji Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-fm meeka Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAA-fn yakoko Nigeria (Gongola)

1999 / 2000 edition
92-BAB YENDANG+ BALI*
net
92-BAB-a Bali+ Kpasam Numan>SW. -bilingual in [19] Hausa and/or [90] Fula Nigeria (Gongola) 4*
92-BAB-aa bali ndagam, boli Bali Nigeria (Gongola) 4
92-BAB-ab kpasam passam, kpasham, nyisam, 'balo Kpasam Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAB-ac yotti* Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAB-b Yendang yendam, yandang, nyandang, yundum Numan>S.: Bajama Mayo
Belwa districts -bilingual in [19] Hausa and/or [90] Fula
Nigeria (Gongola) 4
92-BAB-ba yendang-A. Bajama district: Zinna Daddi>E Nigeria (Gongola) 4
92-BAB-bb kuseki Mayo Belwa district Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAB-bc yofo Mayo Belwa district Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAB-bd poli akule, yakule Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAB-be kumba* sate Mayo Belwa district Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BAB-bf kugama kugamma, wegam Mayo Belwa district Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BB DII+ DULI chain
92-BBA DII+ PANON net
92-BBA-a Dii+ Panon Cameroon (Nord; Adamawa) 4
92-BBA-aa n-duupa duupa, doupa, dupa Cameroon (Nord)
92-BBA-ab panon pape, pa'non, dugun Poli-SE. Cameroon (Nord) 3
92-BBA-ac saa sari, saapa, yinga Poli-SE. Cameroon (Nord) 3
92-BBA-ad goom Cameroon (Nord)
92-BBA-ae dii duru, dourou, durru, dui, zaa; n-yag-dii, yag-dii community Benue
plains
Cameroon (Nord; Adamawa) 4
92-BBA-aea mambe mambe' (Nord and/or Adamawa)
92-BBA-aeb mamna mamna'a (Nord and/or Adamawa)
92-BBA-aec boow (Nord and/or Adamawa)
92-BBA-aed ngbang (Nord and/or Adamawa)
92-BBA-aee phaani pani dui (Nord and/or Adamawa)
92-BBA-aef sagzee saadje, saakye (Nord and/or Adamawa)
92-BBA-aeg vaazin (Nord and/or Adamawa)
92-BBA-aeh home (Nord and/or Adamawa)
92-BBA-aei nyok (Nord and/or Adamawa)
92-BBB DULI* net
92-BBB-a Duli nearly extinct Pitoa environs Cameroon (Nord) 1*
92-BBB-aa duli dui Cameroon (Nord) 1*
92-BC VOKO+ GIMBE chain
92-BCA PEERE+ ZONGBI net KUTIN
92-BCA-a Peere+ Zongbi kutin, pere, peer, koutin, koutine, kutine, kutinn Tignre
Banyo>NE. Fufore district
Cameroon (Adamawa); Nigeria
(Gongola)
4
92-BCA-aa peer-muure Cameroon; Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BCA-ab dan-muure potopo, kotopo, kpotopo, kotofo, kotpojo, potopore, patapori Cameroon and/or Nigeria
92-BCA-ac zongbi djonbi Zongbi Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BCB GIMBE+
DOWAYAYO net
92-BCB-a Dowayayo doohwaayayo, doohyaayo, doyaayo, doyau, donyayo, donyanyo,
doayo, dooyayo, dooyaayo, dowayo, doowaayo, tunga, tuuno, tungbo,
nomai, 'namshi', 'namchi', 'namci' Poli environs
Cameroon (Nord) 4
92-BCB-aa marke Cameroon (Nord)
92-BCB-ab teere poli Cameroon (Nord)
92-BCB-ac sewe Cameroon (Nord)
92-BCB-b Gimbe+ Damti* Koma, gaunu Alantika mountains Cameroon (Nord); Nigeria
(Gongola)
4
92-BCB-ba gimme gimma, panbe; kompara, kompana, koma-kompana community
Poli>W.: along Nigeria frontier
Cameroon (Nord) 3
92-BCB-bb gimbe kadam, komlama, koma-kadam, laame, yotubo; gimnime community
Poli>NW.: along Nigeria frontier
Cameroon (Nord) 3
92-BCB-bc ritibe ritime community Cameroon (Nord) 2
92-BCB-bd leelu Cameroon (Nord)
92-BCB-be bangru Cameroon (Nord)
92-BCB-bf zanu Cameroon (Nord)
92-BCB-bg liu Cameroon (Nord)
92-BCB-bh yeru Cameroon (Nord)

92-BCB-bi ndera koma-ndera Cameroon (Nord); Nigeria
(Gongola)
92-BCB-bj vomni koma-vomni Cameroon (Nord); Nigeria
(Gongola)
92-BCB-bk beiya koma-beiya Cameroon (Nord); Nigeria
(Gongola)
92-BCB-bl damti koma-damti Cameroon (Nord); Nigeria
(Gongola)
92-BCB-c Momjango+ Momi vere, verre, were, kobo Verre hills Nigeria (Gongola); also Cameroon
(Nord)
4
92-BCB-ca mom-jango Tchamba>N. Nigeria (Gongola); also Cameroon
(Nord)
92-BCB-cb momi ziri Nigeria (Gongola)
92-BCC VOKO net
92-BCC-a Voko Voko Cameroon (Nord) 3
92-BCC-aa longto voko, woko, lonto, longbo, longa, gobeyo Cameroon (Nord) 3
92-BD SAMBA+ KOLBILA
chain
92-BDA SAMBA+ KOLBILA
net
92-BDA-a Kolbila Poli>S. Cameroon (Nord) 3
92-BDA-aa kolbila kolbilari, kolbilla, kolena, kolbili, zoono Cameroon (Nord) 3
92-BDA-b Samba-Leko* chamba-leeko, samba-N., chamba-N., camba-N., tchamba-N., djamba-
N., tsamba-N., jama-N. Poli>W. distinct from [98] Samba-Daka
Cameroon (Nord); Nigeria
(Gongola)
4
92-BDA-ba samba-leko-A. lekon, lego, leko, laeko, ndii, suntai Cameroon (Nord); Nigeria
(Gongola)
4*
92-BDA-bb samba-bali ndagam, ndaganonga, mubako Cameroon (Nord) 4
92-BDA-bc deenu koola Cameroon (Nord)
92-BDA-bd bangla Cameroon (Nord)
92-BDA-be samba-wangai Cameroon (Nord)
92-BDA-bf sampara Cameroon (Nord)
92-BDA-bg daga-nyonga Mezam division: Balikumbat. Baligansin Baligashu Cameroon (Nord)
92-BDA-bh nyong mumbake, mubako, nyongnepa Nigeria (Gongola) 4
92-BDA-bi wom pere, perema, pereba, zagai Nigeria (Gongola) 4
92-BE NIMBARI chain
92-BEA NIMBARI net
92-BEA-a Nimbari Pitoa Cameroon (Nord) 3*
92-BEA-aa nimbari bari, nimbari-kebi, 'nyamnyam', 'niamniam', in [51] Franais: nyam-
nyam de Mayo-Kebi
Cameroon (Nord)
92-BF KAM* chain
92-BFA KAM net
92-BFA-a Kam Mayo-Kam Kamijim Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
92-BFA-aa kam yimwom Nigeria (Gongola)
92-C BUA+ BANGLING set Latin script
92-CA BUA+ LUA chain
92-CAA BUA+ LUA net
92-CAA-a Noy Sarh Chad (Moyen-Chari) 3*
92-CAA-aa noy Chad (Moyen-Chari)
92-CAA-b Lua+ Chini Niellim, njillem, nyilem, nielim Chad (Moyen-Chari) 3
92-CAA-ba lua Chari left-bank: Nielim Chad (Moyen-Chari)
92-CAA-bb chini tchini, cuni, cini extinct Chad (Moyen-Chari) 0
92-CAA-bc niou Chari right-bank: Niou Chad (Moyen-Chari) 2
92-CAA-c Tunya+ Perim Sarh>N. Chad (Moyen-Chari) 3
92-CAA-ca tunya tounia, tunia, tun Chad (Moyen-Chari) 3
92-CAA-cb perim extinct Chad (Moyen-Chari) 0
92-CAA-d Bua+ Koke Chad (Moyen-Chari; Gura) 3
92-CAA-da bua boa, boua, bwa, 'ba Gabil environs Chad (Moyen-Chari; Gura) 3
92-CAA-daa bua-N. Chad (Gura)
92-CAA-dab bua-S. Chad (Moyen-Chari)
92-CAA-db koke khoke, "pseudo" gabri Melfi-SE.: Daguela Chad (Gura) 3*
92-CAA-e Bolgo Gura massif: Moulouk Bassa Bedi environs Chad (Gura) 3*
92-CAA-ea bolgo-'kubar' in [51] Franais petit bolgo Chad (Gura)
92-CAA-eb bolgo-'dugag' in [51] Franais grand bolgo Chad (Gura)
92-CAA-f Gula-Gura moriil Iro-N. lake Chad (Gura) 3
92-CAA-fa zan-gula Chad (Gura) 3
92-CAA-fb taat-aal bon-gula, poun, bon, bun Chad (Gura) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
92-CAA-g Kulaal gula-iro, in [51] Franais: goula d'Iro Iro-N. lake Chad (Gura) 3
92-CAA-ga pon-aal pongaal Chad (Gura) 3
92-CAA-gb ti-aala Chad (Gura) 2
92-CAA-gc tiit-aal Chad (Gura) 2*
92-CAA-gd pat-ool Chad (Gura) 2
92-CAA-ge korint-al Chad (Gura) 2
92-CAA-h Fania Iro-N. lake Chad (Gura) 3
92-CAA-ha fania-A. fania "proper", fagnia, fanya, fanyan, fana, fanian Chad (Gura) 3
92-CAA-hb mana* kobe Chad (Gura)
92-CB DAY chain
92-CBA DAY net
92-CBA-a Day dai Chad (Moyen-Chari) 3
92-CBA-aa day dai composed of 3 dialects Chad (Moyen-Chari) 3
92-CC KIM+ BESME chain
92-CCA KIM+ BESME net
92-CCA-a Besme Chad (Tandjil) 3*
92-CCA-aa besme huner, hounar, 'unar, beseme, besemme, bodor (Tandjil)
92-CCA-b Kim+ Jumam Logone valley: Bongor-SE. idioms to be confirmed Chad (Mayo-Kebbi) 3
92-CCA-ba kim (Mayo-Kebbi)
92-CCA-bb ere eroe (Mayo-Kebbi)
92-CCA-bc jumam gerep, garap, djouman (Mayo-Kebbi)
92-CCA-bd kolobo klop, kolop, kilop (Mayo-Kebbi)
92-CCA-be kosop kosap, kwasap (Mayo-Kebbi)
92-CD BANGLING+ PANA
chain
92-CDA BANGLING+ PANA
net
92-CDA-a Bangling+ Ndore Tupuri, toupouri, tuburi, toubouri, wina, tongoyna Kaele Fianga Cameroon (Extrme-Nord); Chad
(Mayo-Kebbi)
5
92-CDA-aa bang-ling Chad
92-CDA-ac bang-were Chad
92-CDA-ad faale-piyew Chad
92-CDA-ae podokge Chad
92-CDA-ah honya* Cameroon and/or Chad
92-CDA-ai dema* Cameroon and/or Chad
92-CDA-ab bang-go Cameroon
92-CDA-af kaele Cameroon
92-CDA-ag mata Cameroon
92-CDA-aj ndore ndoore Cameroon
92-CDA-b Mundang moundang, moundan, kaele, nda, marhay, musemban Kaele
environs Pala-Oua
Cameroon (Extrme-Nord); Nord);
Chad (Mayo-Kebbi)
5
92-CDA-ba kiziere Cameroon and/or Chad
92-CDA-bb imbana bana, mbana, imbara Cameroon and/or Chad
92-CDA-bc yasing yassing, djasing, jasing, zazing Cameroon and/or Chad
92-CDA-bd gelama Cameroon and/or Chad
92-CDA-c Mambai Mayo-Kebbi valley Cameroon (Benou); Chad (Mayo-
Kebbi)
3
92-CDA-ca mambai mangbai, mangbei, manbai, mambay, mamgbay, mamgbei, mongbay,
mongbai-bipare, mombo
(Benou); (Mayo-Kebbi) 3
92-CDA-d Dama+ Ndai Mayo-Godi valley Cameroon (Nord) 3
92-CDA-da mono mon-non Cameroon (Nord) 3
92-CDA-db ndai galke, pormi nearly extinct Cameroon (Nord) 1*
92-CDA-dc dama Cameroon (Nord) 3*
92-CDA-e Pana+ Karang mbum+ nzak-mbay, including 'laka', 'lakka', 'lau-habe', 'dek' #in a
context of confused and often ambiguous ethnolinguistic nomenclature
Padjama Tcholliere Touboro Babokoum>W.
Cameroon (Nord; Adamawa);
Chad (Logone Oriental); Central
African Rep. (Ouham-Pend);
Nigeria (Gongola)
5
92-CDA-ea nzak-mbay mbay, mbai, nzak-mbai, nzaka-mbay, njak-mbai Touboro
Babokoum
Cameroon (Nord); Chad (Logone
Oriental)
92-CDA-eb gonge n-gonge, n-gomi Cameroon (Nord)
92-CDA-ec karang kareng, kari, karr, kare, kali, mbum-E. Cameroon (Nord); Chad (Logone
Oriental); Central African Rep.
(Ouham-Pend)
4
92-CDA-ed sakpu pandama, pandjama, tu'boro Touboro Cameroon (Nord)
92-CDA-ee mbere Cameroon (Nord)

92-CDA-ef kuo ko, koh Chad (Logone Oriental);
Cameroon (Nord)
4*
92-CDA-efa kuo-babokoum Babokoum environs Chad (Logone Oriental)
92-CDA-efb kuo-sorombeo Sorombeo environs Cameroon (Nord)
92-CDA-efc kuo-garoua Garoua environs Cameroon (Nord)
92-CDA-eg tale tali Cameroon (Nord); Central African
Rep. (Ouham-Pend)
92-CDA-eh pana pani, pam, pama Touboro Cameroon (Nord); Chad (Logone
Oriental); (Ouham-Pend);
(Gongola)
5
92-CDA-ei man Cameroon (Nord)
92-CDA-ej pondo Central African Rep. (Ouham-
Pend)
92-CDA-ek mbum mbum-W., mboum, mboum-tiba, wuna, buna, mbai, bum Ngaoundr
environs scattered
Cameroon (Nord; Adamawa);
Chad (Logone Oriental)
4
92-CDA-el gbete kepere, kpere, kper, pere, ripere, byrre, 'mbere', pono, vana Cameroon (Nord; Adamawa);
Chad (Logone Oriental)
92-CDA-em oblo* Tchollire environs Cameroon (Nord)
92-CE DURBAYI+ KANGU*
chain
FALI
92-CEA DURBAYI+ KANGU
net
92-CEA-a Durbayi+ Bveri fali-N. Dourbeye Mayo-Oulo environs Cameroon (Nord) 4
92-CEA-aa durbayi dourbeye, fali-dourbeye Dourbeye Cameroon (Nord)
92-CEA-ab gobri-N. bossoum, fali-bossoum Bossoum Cameroon (Nord)
92-CEA-ac bveri peske, bori, fali-peske Cameroon (Nord)
92-CEA-b Kangu+ Bele fali-S. Hossere Bapara Tsolaram Hossere Toro Ndoudja Cameroon (Nord) 4
92-CEA-ba gobri-S. ndoudja Cameroon (Nord)
92-CEA-bb kangu ni-kang, kang, kaang, kangou, fali-kangou Cameroon (Nord)
92-CEA-bc bele ngoutchoumi, fali-bele, fali-bele-fere Cameroon (Nord)
92-CEA-bd bonum Cameroon (Nord)
92-CEA-be yingilum yingulum Cameroon (Nord)
92-CF GEY* chain
92-CFA GEY net
92-CFA-a Gey Pitoa>E. Cameroon (Nord) 0
92-CFA-aa gey gueve, gewe extinct +submerged by [90] Fula Cameroon (Nord) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
93= UBANGIC
phylozone
covers the "Ubangian" or "Eastern" grouping, part of the
"Volta-Congo" affinity within the wider "Transafrican"
continental affinity; comprising 2 sets of languages (= 37 outer
languages) spoken by communities in northern Central Africa:
93-A BANDA+ GBAYA 93-B ZANDE+ PAMBIA
Cameroon; Congo/Zaire; Sudan
6
93-A BANDA+ GBAYA set Latin script
93-AA GBAYA+
BANGANDU chain
93-AAA GBAYA+
BANGANDU net
93-AAA-a Gbaya+ Manja* 'baya, baya, gbea, gbeya, including yaayuwee in a context of fluid and
sometimes ambiguous ethnolinguistic nomenclature Mbr valley
outwards
Cameroon (Nord; Adamawa;
Oriental); Central African Rep.;
also Congo (Sangha); Chad;
migration> Nigeria (Gongola)
5
93-AAA-aa gbaya-V. "vehicular" gbaya Central African Rep.; Cameroon
(Nord; Adamawa; Oriental)
5
93-AAA-ab gbeya gbaya-N. Central African Rep.
93-AAA-ac suma Central African Rep. 4
93-AAA-ad manja mandja, manza, manja-gbaya Batangafo>SE. Central African Rep. 5
93-AAA-ae budigri between Bossangoa Bouka, Bouca Central African Rep. (Ouham) 2
93-AAA-af gbanu banu, banou Bossembele Central African Rep. 4
93-AAA-ag ali gbee Mpama valley Central African Rep.
93-AAA-ah gbofi 'bofi, bofi Lobaye right-bank Boda Central African Rep.
93-AAA-ai bokari bokare Kadei valley Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha); Cameroon (Oriental)
93-AAA-aj gbaya-C. dialects listed provisionally in alphabetic order; to be rearranged in
geographic sequence
Central African Rep.; with
westward expansion> Cameroon;
Chad frontier; further migration>
Nigeria (Gongola)
5*
93-AAA-aja bagba Cameroon 3
93-AAA-ajb banginda Central African Rep. or westward
93-AAA-ajc bianda gbaya-biandi Berbrati>E. Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha)
93-AAA-ajd boar gbaya-boar Central African Rep. or westward 4
93-AAA-aje boda gbaya-boda Central African Rep. 4
93-AAA-ajf bokodo gbaya-bokoto, bokoto, bogoto Lobaye both banks Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha)
4
93-AAA-ajg borro gbaya-borro Central African Rep. or westward
93-AAA-ajh buli gbaya-baturi, gbaya-batouri Berbrati environs Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha)
2
93-AAA-aji dooka boli, loso, mbopalo Central African Rep. or westward
93-AAA-ajj gaymona Central African Rep. or westward
93-AAA-ajk gbadok Central African Rep. 2*
93-AAA-ajl gbagiri Central African Rep. 3
93-AAA-ajm gbee Central African Rep. or westward
93-AAA-ajn kaka gbaya-kaka Carnot environs Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha; Nana Nambr)
3
93-AAA-ajo kara gbaya-kara, kala, boar 2, baja-baja Meiganga Bouar Cameroon (Oriental); Central
African Rep. (Nana Nambr)
3
93-AAA-ajp lai gbaya-lai, lay Btar ya environs Cameroon (Oriental)
93-AAA-ajq lombu Central African Rep. or westward
93-AAA-ajr mbodomo gbaya bodomo between Bertoua Btar Oya Cameroon (Oriental)
93-AAA-ajs mbunja mboundja Central African Rep. 1
93-AAA-ajt mbusuku Central African Rep. or westward
93-AAA-aju mombe Mpoko valley: Buruse Central African Rep. (Ombella-
Mpoko)
93-AAA-ajv toogo Central African Rep. 1
93-AAA-ajw yaayuwee yaiwe, kalla Central African Rep. or westward
93-AAA-ajx zalwe Central African Rep. or westward
93-AAA-ak ngbaka-gbaya ngbaka-N., including ngbaka-minangende Gemena environs Congo/Zaire (quateur); Central
African Rep.; Congo
6
93-AAA-al bonjo Motaba, Ibenga lower valleys Congo (Likouala)

93-AAA-b Bangandu 'bangando, bagando, bangantu, bangantou, baagato, bangato
Mouloundou>N.
Congo (Sangha); Cameroon
(Oriental)
3
93-AAA-ba bangandu-N. Cameroon (Oriental)
93-AAA-bb bangandu-S. Congo (Sanha); Cameroon
(Oriental)
93-AB BANDA+ NGBANDI
chain
ubangi-C.
93-ABA BANDA* net -bilingual in [93] Sango
93-ABA-a Yangere between Batouri Yokadouma & eastwards Central African Rep. (Haute
Sangha; Lobaye); Cameroon
3
93-ABA-aa yangere kra, yangele, yangale, perhaps including somo, bessom Cameroon (Oriental); Central
African Rep. (Haute Sangha;
Lobaye)
3
93-ABA-aaa yangere-N. Central African Rep.; Cameroon
93-ABA-aab yangere-S. Central African Rep.; Cameroon
93-ABA-b Banda+ Ngao* banda-C. widely scattered throughout Central African Rep.:
Bangui Ndl (massif des Bongos) Sopo valley (Sudan)
Central African Rep.; also Chad;
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
5
93-ABA-ba banda-ndele nyele Ndl Central African Rep.
93-ABA-bb tangbago tambogo, tambaggo, tombaggo, tangago Ndl Ouaka-Kotto
between Bamingui+ Gribingui rivers
93-ABA-bc ngao ngau, ngua, ngo, ngawo Ndl; Bassa Dji valleys; Ombella lower
valley
93-ABA-bd junguru djingburu, nguru Ndl environs Central African Rep.; Sudan
93-ABA-be banda-kpaya Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
93-ABA-bea kpaya gbaya 2 Roga>W. Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
93-ABA-beb bundu Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
93-ABA-bec govoro Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
93-ABA-bed wundu Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
93-ABA-c Ndi+ Banda-Banda -bilingual in [93] Sango Central African Rep. 4
93-ABA-ca mbiyi mbi Grimari sub-prefecture Central African Rep.
93-ABA-cb ndi-A. ndi "proper", ndri, dri Ouaka Kemo Ibingui prefectures Central African Rep. 3
93-ABA-cc ngalabo Central African Rep.
93-ABA-cd ngola Central African Rep.
93-ABA-ce vidiri mvedere, vodere, vidri, vadara Yalinga sub-prefecture Central African Rep.; Sudan
93-ABA-cf gbaga-N. Bossangoa>S.: Ouham valley Central African Rep.
93-ABA-cg gbambiya Bossangoa sub-prefecture Central African Rep.
93-ABA-ch hai Paoua sub-prefecture Central African Rep.
93-ABA-ci ka Sibut sub-prefecture Central African Rep.
93-ABA-cj banda-banda banda "proper" Central African Rep.
93-ABA-ck bereya in [51] Franais: banda de Bria Bria Central African Rep.
93-ABA-d Togbo+ Vara +transition to [93] Linda+ Jeto Central African Rep.; Sudan;
Congo/Zaire
4
93-ABA-da togbo tohgboh, tagbo, tagbwali widely scattered in Omblla-Mpoko district
(Damara); Ouaka-Kotto district (Bria); Kmo-Gribingui district; Ouham-
Fafa district; Ubangi bend left-bank -bilingual in [93] Sango
Central African Rep.; Sudan;
Congo/Zaire
93-ABA-db baba Baba Central African Rep.
93-ABA-dc bada Bada (at one or more of the several places of this name in Central
Afr.Rep.)
93-ABA-dd baragra Central African Rep.
93-ABA-de gba-kpatili #linguistic and ethnic applications of kpatili (in Central Afr.Rep.) to be
clarified: cf. [93] Gbayi (Kpatili-N.), close to [93] Ngbandi; [93] Kpatri
(Kpatili-S.), close to [93] Zande
93-ABA-df kana Kana (at one or more of the several places of this name in Central
Afr.Rep.)
93-ABA-dg ndara Central African Rep.
93-ABA-dh pata Central African Rep.
93-ABA-di vara vora Bambari environs Central African Rep.
93-ABA-e Linda+ Jeto Central African Rep. 4*
93-ABA-ea jeto joto, djeto Bambari environs; Korto+ Dji+ Chinko upper valleys Central African Rep. 4*
93-ABA-eb ndokpa ndokpwa Central African Rep.
93-ABA-ec ngapo ngapu Ouaka+ Kandjia upper valleys Ndl Kmo lower valley Central African Rep.
93-ABA-ed linda Bambari Ippy Central African Rep. 4
93-ABA-ee ngasa* Central African Rep.
93-ABA-ef mbala* Central African Rep.
93-ABA-f Gubu+ Yakpa +transition to [93] Togbo Central African Rep.; Congo/Zaire
(quateur)
5*
93-ABA-fa mono amono Bosobolo>N. Libenge>N. Congo/Zaire (quateur) 4
93-ABA-faa bili mono-C. Bili (quateur)
93-ABA-fab bubanda (quateur)
93-ABA-fac galaba (quateur)
93-ABA-fad kaga (quateur)

1999 / 2000 edition
93-ABA-fb wasa ouassa Bambari environs Central African Rep. (Ouaka)
93-ABA-fc bongo Central African Rep.
93-ABA-fd dukpu Central African Rep.
93-ABA-fe wojo Central African Rep.
93-ABA-ff yakpa yacoua, yakpwa, yakwa, bayaka Ubangi valley: upstream from
Kouango & eastward
Central African Rep. (Ouaka;
Basse-Kotto); Congo/Zaire
(quateur)
4
93-ABA-fg gubu gobu, ngobo, ngobu, ngubu, gabou, gabu Central African Rep.; Congo/Zaire
(quateur)
93-ABA-fh belingo* Ouaka valley Central African Rep. (Ouaka)
93-ABA-fi buru* borou, brou, mbrou between Kmo+ Ombella valleys & westward Central African Rep. (Kemo-
Gribingui; Ombella-Mpoko)
93-ABA-fj mbulu* Kmo Kandjia valleys Central African Rep. (Kemo-
Gribingui)
93-ABA-fk nori* Central African Rep.
93-ABA-fl gbende* Central African Rep.
93-ABA-fm ngbundu Libenge. Budu. Oro Congo/Zaire (quateur)
93-ABA-g Wada+ Buka 4*
93-ABA-ga sabanga sangbanga Central African Rep.
93-ABA-gb maraba moruba, morouba Moroubas; Kaga-Mrs Central African Rep.
93-ABA-gc mbre mbere, mbele Kaga-Mrs Central African Rep.
93-ABA-gd buka bouka Bouka Central African Rep.
93-ABA-ge wada ouadda Ouada-Kotto Mbomu districts; Ombella lower valley Central African Rep.; Sudan (Bahr-
el-Ghazal)
93-ABA-h Langbashe+ Ngbugu banda-CS. Central African Rep.; Congo/Zaire
5
93-ABA-ha langba lagba Kmo lower valley Central African Rep.; also
Congo/Zaire
93-ABA-hb langbashe langbasi, langbase, langwasi, langbwasse, a-langbase Kouango Central African Rep.; Congo/Zaire 5
93-ABA-hc ngbugu mbugu, gbugu Central African Rep.; Congo/Zaire
93-ABA-i Gbi+ Golo Central African Rep.; Congo/Zaire;
Sudan
4*
93-ABA-ia gbi bi Central African Rep.; Congo/Zaire
93-ABA-ib dakpwa dakpa, dakwa, ndokpa, ndokpwa, dukpu Ouaka Kandjia
Goumbourou valleys
93-ABA-ic vita Central African Rep.; Sudan
frontier
93-ABA-id golo moci Wau Mboro Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
93-ABA-ie gbaga-S. Tomi valley Central African Rep.
93-ABA-j Ngundu+ Kpagua Ubangi middle valley: Libenge environs Congo/Zaire (quateur) 4
93-ABA-ja ngundu Congo/Zaire (quateur) 4
93-ABA-jaa ngundu-N. Libenge>N. Budu Oro (quateur)
93-ABA-jab ngundu-S. Libenge>S. (quateur)
93-ABA-jb kpagua Libenge>E. Congo/Zaire (quateur)
93-ABA-k Mbanja+ Mbanza Ubangi middle valley: Libenge downstream -bilingual in [99] Lingala
further dialects to be distinguished
Congo/Zaire (quateur); Congo
(Likouala)
5
93-ABA-ka mbanja mbandja Congo/Zaire (quateur)
93-ABA-kb mbanza mbandza Congo/Zaire (quateur); Congo
(Likouala)
5
93-ABA-kba kala Congo/Zaire (quateur)
93-ABA-kbb gbado Congo/Zaire (quateur)
93-ABB NGBANDI+ SANGO
net
93-ABB-a Ngbandi+ Sango Congo/Zaire; Central African Rep.;
Chad; Cameroon; Congo
6
93-ABB-aa sango sango "vehicular", sangho, ngbandi "creole", including (in [51] Franais)
sangho riverain =riverside sango derived from [93] Ngbandi (ba-
Sango)
Central African Rep.; also
Congo/Zaire; Chad; Cameroon;
Congo
6
93-ABB-ab ngbandi ngbwandi, ngwandi, nabandi, mo-ngwandi, mo-ngbandi, a-ngbandi
Sango valley
Congo/Zaire (Equateur; Haut-
Zare); Central African Rep.
5
93-ABB-aba bwato Congo/Zaire
93-ABB-abb ba-sango a-ba-sango source of Sango vehicular Congo/Zaire
93-ABB-abc m-bangi Congo/Zaire
93-ABB-abd dendi Congo/Zaire
93-ABB-abe nzomboy mo-njomboli Congo/Zaire
93-ABB-abf mbaati mbati Congo/Zaire
93-ABB-abg dondo* Congo/Zaire
93-ABB-abh baza Central African Rep.

93-ABB-ac yakoma Central African Rep. (Haut-
Mbomu); Congo/Zaire
4
93-ABB-ad gbayi kpasiya, kpatili-N., patri-N., kpatiri-N. Mangala-N. prfecture
#linguistic and ethnic applications of kpatili (in Central Afr.Rep.) to be
clarified: cf. [93] Gba-Kpatili, close to Togbo; [93] Kpatri (Kpatili-S.),
close to [93] Zande
Central African Rep. (Haut-
Mbomu)
3
93-ABB-ae mongoba* munguba Congo/Zaire
93-ABB-af kazibati* kasiboti, hadjibatie Congo/Zaire (Haut-Mbomu)
93-AC SERE+ FEROGE
chain
part of sere+ mba
93-ACA SERE+ NDOGO net
93-ACA-a Sere chere, serre, shaire, shere, sheri, basiri, basili Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare); Central
African Rep. (Haut-Mbomu);
formerly also Sudan (Bahr-el-
Ghazal)
3
93-ACA-aa sere-N. Boku Kerre Central African Rep. (Haut-
Mbomu)
1
93-ACA-ab sere-S. Ango>NE. Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare) 3
93-ACA-b Ndogo+ Tagbu Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal); Central
African Rep. (Haut-Mbomou);
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)
3
93-ACA-ba ndogo between Mboro Kpango, Pongo valley Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal); Central
African Rep. (Haut-Mbomou)
3
93-ACA-bb tagbu tagbo, tagba near Bisellia Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal); Central
African Rep. (Haut-Mbomou);
93-ACB BAI+ VIRI net
93-ACB-a Bai+ Viri Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal) 3
93-ACB-aa b-viri viri, biri, belanda-viri, belanda, gumba, gamba, mbe-gumba, mve-
gumba inter-marital relationship with speakers of [04] Bor (Belanda-
Bor)
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal) 3
93-ACB-aaa kuru Kuru upper valley (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
93-ACB-aab mboro Mboro (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
93-ACB-aac raffili Raffili (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
93-ACB-aad tembura Tembura>N. (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
93-ACB-aae iba Iba, Ibba upper valley (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
93-ACB-ab bai bari Waw>W. Tembura>N. Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
93-ACC INDRI+ KALI net
93-ACC-a Indri+ Togoyo Raga>NW. Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal) 2
93-ACC-aa togoyo togoy extinct Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal) 0
93-ACC-ab indri yanderika, yandirika Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal) 2
93-ACC-b Kali+ Buga feroge+ mangayat Raga>NW. Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal) 3
93-ACC-ba buga bug, mangayat, mongaiyat Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal) 2
93-ACC-bb kali-gi kali-ki, kali-ke, kali-ge, fero-ge, fero-ghe Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal) 3
93-AD NGBAKA+ YANGO
chain
ngbaka-W., part of sere+ mba
93-ADA GBANZIRI+
BURAKA net
93-ADA-a Gbanziri gbanzili, banziri, gbandere Ubangi valley Central African Rep. (Ouaka);
Congo/Zaire (quateur)
4
93-ADA-aa gbanziri-N. Ubangi right-bank Central African Rep. (Ouaka) 4*
93-ADA-ab gbanziri-S. Ubangi left-bank Congo/Zaire (quateur) 3
93-ADA-b Buraka Bosobolo-N. & NE.>scattered along Ubangi valley Central African Rep.; also
3
93-ADA-ba buraka bolaka, bouraka, boraka Central African Rep.; also
3
93-ADB NGBAKA+ GILIMA
net
93-ADB-a Ngbaka-Ma'bo ngaka, mbaka, mbacca, bwaka, bouaka, nbwaka, gbaka, ma'bo, limba,
ngbaka-limba #use of the names ngbaka-ma'bo and ngbaka-limba to be
clarified (perhaps used relative to this versus that side of the river)
Congo/Zaire (quateur); Central
African Rep.; also Congo
6
93-ADB-aa ngbaka-ma'bo-W. Ubangi right-bank Central African Rep.; also Congo
93-ADB-ab ngbaka-ma'bo-E. Ubangi left-bank Congo/Zaire (quateur)
93-ADB-b Gilima Gilima environs Congo/Zaire (quateur); perhaps
also Central African Rep.
4
93-ADB-ba bogon gilima-N. Congo/Zaire (quateur)
93-ADB-bb mbanza-balakpa gilima-SE. Congo/Zaire (quateur)
93-ADB-bc bandi-gilima bandi, gilima-SW. Congo/Zaire (quateur)

1999 / 2000 edition
93-ADC NZOMBO+ KPALA
net
93-ADC-a Nzombo mon-jombo, mo-ndzombo, mo-ndjembo, mo-njombo Ubangi middle
valley
Central African Rep.(Lobaye);
Congo (Likouala); Congo/Zaire
(quateur)
4
93-ADC-aa mo-nzombo-W. Ubangi middle right-bank: between Lobaye Motaba lower valleys Central African Rep. (Lobaye);
Congo (Likouala)
4
93-ADC-ab mo-nzombo-E. Ubangi middle left-bank: near Lua confluence Congo/Zaire (quateur) 4
93-ADC-b Kpala Libenge Bosobolo (scattered) Congo/Zaire (quateur) 3
93-ADC-ba kpala kpaala, kpwala, gbakpwa Congo/Zaire (quateur)
93-ADC-c Yango Esobe valley Gbendere Congo/Zaire (quateur) 3
93-ADC-ca yango gbendere Congo/Zaire (quateur) 3
93-ADD BAKA+ GUNDI net
93-ADD-a Baka+ Gundi Cameroon; Gabon; Central African
Rep.
4
93-ADD-aa baka be-bayaka, be-bayaga, bi-baya, including m-bacca, part of "pygmy"-E.
Ngoka basin spoken by scattered nomadic groups
Cameroon (Oriental); Gabon
(Woleu-Ntem; also Ogoou-
Ivindo); Congo (Sangha)
4
93-ADD-aaa baka-gabon Gabon (Woleu-Ntem)
93-ADD-aab baka-congo Congo (Sangha)
93-ADD-aac baka-cameroon Cameroon (Oriental)
93-ADD-ab yaka ba-yaka, yakpa, baka-NE., part of "pygmy"-E. Salo>E. Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha)
93-ADD-ac ganzi part of "pygmy"-E. Bayanga>E. Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha)
93-ADD-ad gundi ngondi-E., ngundi, ngondi, part of "pygmy"-E. between Salo
Bayanga; Ngoundi (2 enclaves)
Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha; Lobaye)
3
93-ADD-ae bayanga Sangha upper valley: Bayanga Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha)
93-ADD-af ngombe-kaka ngombe, bagando-ngombe, bangando-ngombe Sangha upper valley Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha)
3*
93-ADD-ag mbunjo Ubangi right-bank: Dongou upstream & downstream Congo (Likouala)
93-ADD-ah bomassa bomasa, bamassa Bomassa: meeting-point of Congo+ Central Afr.
Rep.+ Cameroon
Congo (Sangha); Central African
Rep. (Haute-Sangha); Cameroon
(Oriental)
93-AE MAYOGO+ MUNDU
chain
ngbaka-E., part of sere+ mba
93-AEA MAYOGO+ BANGBA
net
internal classification to be reviewed
93-AEA-a Mayogo ma-iogo, ki-yogo, ma-jogo, mayko, maiko, ma-yugo Paulis environs;
Niangara>S.
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare) 4
93-AEA-aa ma-jogo ma-ngbele community Wamba+ Paulis territoires: Nepoko valley
distinct from neighbouring [03] ma-Ngbele & [99] li-Ngbee (ma-
Ngbele)
93-AEA-ab ma-jg Niangara territoire Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)
93-AEA-ac ma-yogo-A. Ul upper valley & tributaries Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)
93-AEA-aca maambi Niangara territoire: Dungu left-bank (Haut-Zare)
93-AEA-acb ba-lika part of ba-kango (=riverine community) Niangara territoire: Ul
upper valley
(Haut-Zare)
93-AEA-acc li-kango part of ba-kango (=riverine community) Bomokandi valley (Haut-Zare)
93-AEA-ad ma-iko mayko, ma-gbai, angai, dai, day community Watsa territoire Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare) 3*
93-AEA-ae ma-bozo Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)
93-AEA-af di-ma-doko Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)
93-AEA-b Bangba a-bangba distinct from neighbouring [99] Nyanga+ Gbati ("pseudo"-
Bangba) Niangara>S. between Ul Bomokandi rivers; Watsa>N.
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare) 4
93-AEA-ba alo Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)
93-AEA-bb koko Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)
93-AEA-bc merei Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)
93-AEA-bd ma-kudukudu Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)
93-AEA-be modo* Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)
93-AEA-bf tibu* Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)
93-AEB MUNDU net
93-AEB-a Mundu mundo, mountou, mondu, mondo; o-mundu community Sudan (Equatoria); Congo/Zaire
(Haut-Zare)
4
93-AEB-aa mundu-N. shatt-mundu Yei>NE. Maridi>S. Sudan (Equatoria) 4
93-AEB-ab mundu-S. Farandje territoire: between Dungu. Garamba rivers Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)

93-AF MBA+ NDUNGA
chain
part of sere+ mba
93-AFA MBA net
93-AFA-a Mba Banjwade Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare) 4
93-AFA-aa mba-ni mba, mba-ne, mba-yi, ba-manga, ki-manga, ki-mbanga Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare) 4
93-AFB NDUNGA net
93-AFB-a Ndunga Lisala environs (8 villages) Congo/Zaire (quateur) 3
93-AFB-aa ndunga-le ndunga, ndunga-ye, mo-ndunga, mo-ndugu, bo-ndonga, mo-dunga Congo/Zaire (quateur) 3
93-AG MA+ DONGO chain part of sere-mbaka-mba
93-AGA MA net
93-AGA-a Ma Niangara>N.: near Kapili river Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare) 3
93-AGA-aa a-ma-ro ma, ma-ro, a-ma-lo, ma-di, ma-'di, a-ma-di, ma-di-o, ma-dyo Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare) 3
93-AGB DONGO net
93-AGB-a Dongo Watsa>E. Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare) 3
93-AGB-aa dongo-ko dongo, dongo-nyo, 'dongo, donga Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare) 3
93-B ZANDE+ PAMBIA set Latin script
93-BA ZANDE+ PAMBIA
chain
93-BAA ZANDE+ NZAKARA
net
93-BAA-a Zande+ Nzakara Ul basin Sueh+ Iba upper basin Congo/Zaire (quateur); Sudan
(Equatoria, Al-Istiwa'-Iyah; Central
6
93-BAA-aa pa-zande zandi, sande, mbomu; a-zande, a-sande, ba-djande, ba-zenda
community, 'niam-niam', 'nyam-nyam', 'gnam-gnam'
Congo/Zaire (quateur); Sudan
(Equatoria); Central African Rep.
(Haut-Mbomou)
6
93-BAA-aaa zande-G. "generalised" zande, "vehicular" zande (quateur); (Equatoria); (Haut-
Mbomou)
93-BAA-aab mbomu Mbomou upper valley Api+ Gurba+ Bwere tributaries (Haut-Mbomou); (quateur)
93-BAA-aac sueh+ meridi Sueh Meridi, Maridi upper valleys (Equatoria)
93-BAA-aad bandiya a-bandiya community Ul middle valley (Bondo upstream) Rubi
valley
(quateur)
93-BAA-aae bile Bima valley Ul+ Dungu right-bank (quateur)
93-BAA-aaf nunga a-nunga community Ango territoire, Api valley (quateur)
93-BAA-aag bomokandi Bomokandi Niangara valleys (quateur)
93-BAA-aah bamboy Kibali left-bank Aka valley Yei valley (quateur); (Equatoria)
93-BAA-ab kpatri putri, kpatili-S., kpatere, ngindere Mingala-S. prfecture: Kotto lower
valley #linguistic and ethnic applications of kpatili (in Central Afr.Rep.)
to be clarified: cf. [93] Gba-Kpatili, close to Togbo; [93] Gbayi (Kpatili-
N.), close to [93] Ngbandi
Central African Rep. (Haut-
Mbomou)
3
93-BAA-ac kporo-nzakara a-nsakara, n'sakara, sakara, zakara Ul Mbomu lower valleys:
Bondo territoire
Congo/Zaire (quateur); Central
3
93-BAA-ad dio o-dio; a-dio, ma-karaka community Tori basin: between Yei Maridi Sudan (Equatoria) 3*
93-BAB PAMBIA+ BARAMBU
net
93-BAB-a Pambia pa-pambia Mbomu upper valley (formerly) Yambio Central African Rep. (Haut-
Mbomou); Congo/Zaire (quateur);
formerly also Sudan (Equatoria)
4
93-BAB-aa pa-pambia pambia, pambiya; a-pambia community Central African Rep. (Haut-
Mbomou); Congo/Zaire (quateur);
formerly also Sudan (Equatoria)
4
93-BAB-b Barambu+ Miangba between Bomokandi and Ul rivers Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare) 4
93-BAB-ba barambu-ro barambo, balambu, a-barambo Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare) 4
93-BAB-bb pa-miangba a-miangba, a-miangbwa Dungu Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)

1999 / 2000 edition
94= MELIC phylozone
covers the "Mel" (southern "old West-Atlantic") grouping, part
of the "Volta-Congo" affinity within the wider "Transafrican"
continental affinity; comprising 2 sets of languages (= 7 outer
languages) spoken by communities in coastal West Africa,
between the Kogon and Loffa rivers:
94-A THEMNE+ LANDUMA 94-B KISI+ GOLA
Guinea; Liberia; Sierra Leone
6
94-A THEMNE+
LANDUMA set
part of mel Latin script
94-AA THEMNE+
LANDUMA chain
94-AAA THEMNE+
LANDUMA net
94-AAA-a Landuma+ Tyapi between Rio Nunez Rio Pongas upper valleys Guinea (Gaoual; Tliml; Bok) 4
94-AAA-aa tyapi capi, tiapi, tyopi, tapessi, cocoli Iscattered community, now perhaps
extinct
Guinea (Gaoual; Tliml) 0*
94-AAA-aaa tyapi-N. Doumbia-Kalatchi Kankody Tchitiar Guinea (Gaoual)
94-AAA-aab tyapi-S. Lingourou Fefin Tomin valleys Guinea (Bok; Tliml)
94-AAA-ab landuma landouma, landouman, landoma Bok environs: between
Bourouma Tinguilira rivers
Guinea (Bok) 4
94-AAA-b Maduri+ Sobane Baga, barka distinct from [90] Mbulungish (Baga-Monson, Baga-Fore)
and [90] Mboteni
Guinea-W. (Bok; Boffa) 4
94-AAA-ba baga-maduri maduri, madouri, mandari, manduri Rio Nunez delta: Rio Compony
estuary & fluvial islands
Guinea (Bok)
94-AAA-bb baga-sitemu sitemu, sitemou Rio Nunez left-bank Guinea (Bok; Boffa)
94-AAA-bc baga-binari binari, kalum, kaloum Rio Nunez>E. coast: Binari-Kouffin Bohere Guinea (Bok)
94-AAA-bd baga-sobane sobaneh, soban between Rio Pongo Kapatchez valleys:
Sobaneh Dupuru
Guinea (Boffa)
94-AAA-be baga-koba koba, koga between Rio Pongo Konkour valleys; Kito island
+submerged by [00] Soso
Guinea (Boffa; formerly also
Dubreka; Conakry)
94-AAA-c Themne Freetown>N. coast Loma mountains Sierra Leone (Northern); also
Guinea (Forcariah)
6
94-AAA-ca ka-themne temne, timmannee, timne Sierra Leone (Northern) 6
94-AAA-caa themne-ro-kiamp "urban" temne, freetown temne Freetown, ro-Kiamp Sierra Leone (Western Area)
94-AAA-cab themne-ro-pil western temne #=western temne Batkanu Port Loko Lunsar
Freetown
Sierra Leone (Northern: Port Loko;
Kambia)
94-AAA-cac sanda northern temne between Little Scarcies Mabole valleys Sierra Leone (Northern: Port Loko;
Bombali); also Guinea (Forcariah)
94-AAA-cad gbombali part of central temne, bombali Makeni Magburaka Sierra Leone (Northern: Bombali;
Tonkolili)
94-AAA-cae konike-W. part of central temne, kunike-W. Matotoka Yele Sierra Leone (Northern: Tonkolili)
94-AAA-caf konike-E. eastern temne, konike "proper", "deep" kunike, kunike-E., masingbi
Makali Masingbe, Masingbi
Sierra Leone (Northern: Tonkolili)
94-AAA-cag yoni southern temne Yonibana Sierra Leone (Northern: Tonkolili)
94-AAA-cah themne-mabantha banta-temne Banta chiefdom: Gbangbatoke separated from main
body of Temne-speaking community in 19
th
century +submerged by
[00] Mende
Sierra Leone-(Southern:
Moyamba)
0
94-B KISI+ GOLA set part of mel Latin script
94-BA KISI+ BOLOM chain
94-BAA BOLOM+ KRIM net
94-BAA-a Bolom+ Bom bullom+ bom, in [94] Temne: mampa Sierra Leone; Guinea 4
94-BAA-aa bolom bullom-N., bulem, bullun, bullin, bullom-so Lungi Pointe Sellatouk
coast -bilingual in [94] Temne and/or [52] Krio
Guinea (Forcariah); Sierra Leone
(Port Loko; Kambia)
3
94-BAA-aaa mandenyi mmani, mandingi between Fourcariah Rokell valleys Guinea (Fourcariah); Sierra
Leone (Kambia)
94-BAA-aab kafu Sierra Leone (Port Loko)
94-BAA-ab shebra sherbro, bullom-S., sherbro-bullom Sierra Leone Peninsula Turner's
Peninsula -bilingual in [00] Mende
Sierra Leone (Western Area;
Southern: Moyamba; Bonthe)
4
94-BAA-aba kent Sierra Leone Peninsula coast: York Kent Sierra Leone (Western Area)
94-BAA-abb shenge Shenge>S. coast Sierra Leone (Southern:
Moyamba)
94-BAA-abc sitia Sherbro island: Sitia Dema' chiefdoms Sierra Leone (Bonthe)
94-BAA-abd nongoba nongoba bullom Turner's Peninsula coast: Nongoba Bullom
chiefdom
Sierra Leone (Bonthe)
94-BAA-ac bom bome, bum, bomo Bum, Bome lower valley: Bum chiefdom
-bilingual in [00] Mende endangered language
Sierra Leone (Bonthe) 2
94-BAA-b Krim Pujehun>S.: Krim lower valley & lagoons Sierra Leone (Pujehun) 3*
94-BAA-ba krim kim, kimi, kittim, kirim -bilingual in [00] Mende endangered language Sierra Leone (Pujehun) 3

94-BAB KISI net
94-BAB-a Kisi kissi, kisie, gissi, gizi, in [51] Franais: kissien Sierra Leone; Guinea; Liberia 5
94-BAB-aa kisi-N. kissi-N. Guinea-SE.; also Sierra Leone-E. 5
94-BAB-aaa tingi Tingi mountains:Toli chiefdom (Kundewokoro Toto) Koumba Sierra Leone (Kono-NE.); Guinea
(Faranah-S.; Gukdou-N.)
94-BAB-aab kisidugu Kissidougou cercle Guinea (Kissidougou)
94-BAB-ab kisi-S. kissi-S. Koindu Guckdou Sierra Leone (Kailahun); Guinea
(Guckdou; Macenta); Liberia
(Loffa)
5
94-BAB-aba mafindo Gbane Kando' Mafindo' chiefdoms Sierra Leone (Kono)
94-BAB-abb gekedu Guckdou cercle Guinea (Guckdou)
94-BAB-abc kama Kissi Kama chiefdom Sierra Leone (Kailahun)
94-BAB-abd teng Kissi Teng chiefdom Sierra Leone (Kailahun)
94-BAB-abe tung tongi Kissi Tongi chiefdom Sierra Leone (Kailahun)
94-BAB-abf bolahun Bolahun, Bololahun Liberia (Loffa)
94-BAB-abg liaro Bofosso environs Guinea (Macenta)
94-BB GOLA chain
94-BBA GOLA net
94-BBA-a Gola Mano middle & lower valley Loffa middle & lower valley St.Paul
lower valleys dialects to be confirmed
Sierra Leone (Pujehun); Liberia
(Grand Cape Mount; Montserrado)
4
94-BBA-aa gola-N. Mano Loffa middle valleys Sierra Leone (Pujehun); Liberia
(Loffa; Grand Cape Mount)
94-BBA-aaa kongbaa Kongba, Gongba, Kongbaa paramount chieftaincy: Mano upper left-
bank Loffa middle valley
Liberia (Loffa)
94-BBA-aab gola-forest* Gola forest (sparsely inhabited): Mano middle left-bank Loffa middle
valley
Liberia (Grand Cape Mount)
94-BBA-ab gola-C. Mano middle left-bank (Kawilahun) Loffa St.Paul lower valleys Liberia (Grand Cape Mount; Loffa);
Sierra Leone (Pujehun)
94-BBA-aba zimi Zimi Mano middle right-bank: Makpele Tunkia Nomo chiefdoms Sierra Leone (Pujehun)
94-BBA-abb pokpa Pokpa paramount chieftaincy Liberia (Grand Cape Mount)
94-BBA-abc gola-kone Gola-Kone paramount chieftaincy Liberia (Grand Cape Mount)
94-BBA-abd goje Goje paramount chieftaincy Liberia (Loffa)
94-BBA-ac gola-S. lofa-gola, including toldil, too-dii Lofa-Gola paramount chieftaincy:
Loffa St.Paul lower valleys
Liberia (Montserrado)
94-BBA-aca senje sene Senje, Sinje chiefdom (Montserrado)
94-BBA-acb mana+ gobla maima-gobla Lofa+ Mane left-bank: Mana Gobla chiefdoms (Montserrado)
94-BBA-acc kpo Kpo chiefdom: Kle (Montserrado)
94-BBA-acd tee te, tege Tee+ Boje chiefdoms (Montserrado)
94-BBA-ace gbo Gbo chiefdom (Montserrado)

1999 / 2000 edition
95= KRUIC phylozone
covers the "Kru" or Klao+ Aizi set, part of the "Volta-Congo"
affinity within the "Transafrican" continental affinity;
comprising 1 set of languages (= 28 outer languages) spoken
by communities in coastal West Africa, between the Loffa and
Bandama rivers:
95-A KLAO+ AIZI
The less closely related language of the Seme set (part of a
proposed "wider Kru" grouping) is covered by 91=Voltaic.
Cte d'Ivoire; Guinea; Liberia
6
95-A KLAO+ AIZI set Latin script
95-AA KUWAA chain
95-AAA KUWAA net
95-AAA-a Kuwaa Belle-Yella, Beliyela Liberia (Loffa) 4
95-AAA-aa kuwaa kwaa, kowaao, belle, bele, bl Liberia (Loffa) 4
95-AAA-aaa lubaisu lubaisu, lobaizu community (Loffa)
95-AAA-aab gbade gbade community (Loffa)
95-AB KLAO+ BETE chain
95-ABA KLAO+ BETE net
95-ABA-a De Loffa St.Paul lower valleys Liberia (Montserrado) 3
95-ABA-aa dewen-wulu dewe, d, dey, dei, de-woin, de-woi, do, dewen-man Liberia (Montserrado) 3
95-ABA-aaa dungbo dugbo (Montserrado)
95-ABA-aab bulugbaan bulugb, bulugba Bulugba chiefdom (Montserrado)
95-ABA-aac gbanvoo gbvoo, gbanvor, gbaavon Gbaavon chiefdom (Montserrado)
95-ABA-aad loozo lohzoh (Montserrado)
95-ABA-aae zoo zor (Montserrado)
95-ABA-b Basoo+ Koo "Wider"-Bassa, baasa, basa, gbasor, in [00] Kpele: fela Liberia (Grand Bassa;
Montserrado)
5
95-ABA-ba maa-b mabahn Monrovia>E. Liberia (Montserrado)
95-ABA-bb basoo bassa-C. Liberia (Grand Bassa)
95-ABA-bc gbezon gbez, gbehzor Liberia (Grand Bassa)
95-ABA-bd nasan nas Liberia (Grand Bassa)
95-ABA-be hwen-gbakon hw-gbak, gwe-gbakon Liberia (Grand Bassa)
95-ABA-bf kokoja kokodja, kokodya Liberia (Grand Bassa)
95-ABA-bg gboo gbor Liberia (Grand Bassa)
95-ABA-bh koo kor, part of "river cess" bassa Cestos lower valley Liberia (Grand Bassa)
95-ABA-bi nibune-xwinin nibu, nibue-winin, ni-boe-kwidin, part of "river cess" bassa Cestos
lower valley
Liberia (Grand Bassa)
95-ABA-bj gme-wiin gme, gmeh Liberia (Grand Bassa)
95-ABA-bk ni-xwinin ni-winin Liberia (Grand Bassa)
95-ABA-c Lowolu+ Beleto "peripheral" bassa Liberia (Grand Bassa) 3*
95-ABA-ca lowolu lowulu, lorwulu Liberia (Grand Bassa)
95-ABA-cb beleto Liberia (Grand Bassa)
95-ABA-d Gbii+ Loboo gbi+ dowlu, 'bassa'-E. Cestos upper right-bank Liberia (Nimba) 3
95-ABA-da gbii gibi, gibii, gi-gban, guivi, givi, 'gisii' Liberia (Nimba)
95-ABA-db kpoloo kporlor, kplor Liberia (Nimba)
95-ABA-dc loboo lorbor, losoo, dorbor, dbo-wein, dowlu Liberia (Nimba)
95-ABA-e Klao+ Tajuoson "Wider"-Kru, kla, kra, kla-o, kla-u, kla-oh, kra-wi, kroo, in [51] Franais:
krou Sanguin Grand Cess coast & hinterland; plus seafaring
diaspora in West Africa: Freetown, Accra, Lagos
Liberia (Sinoe; also Grand Cess);
plus migration> Sierra Leone;
Ghana; Nigeria (Lagos)
5
95-ABA-ea kabo part of "coastal" klao Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-eb klao-S. part of "coastal" klao Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-eba nyoa Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ebb weao Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ebc niwlo Niwapo* Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ebd kao Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ebe wese-po Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ebf dio Dio Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ebg so-bo Sobo Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ebh botba Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ebi talo Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ebj jle-po Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ebk jlao Liberia (Sinoe)

95-ABA-ebl gbeta Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ebm sekleo Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ebn nifa Nifo Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ebo bolo Bolo Town Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ec troo part of "inland" klao Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ed tajuoson tajuosohn, tajuos, part of "inland" klao Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-eda boo Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-edb seoo suoo Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-edc kulu Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-edd kaon k Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ede pleon ple Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ee tatue+ kweatuo part of "inland" klao Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-eea tatue tatueh Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-eeb kweatuo kwuatuo, kwiatuo Kwiatuo Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ef klao-NW. part of "inland" klao Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-efa blio Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-efb tolo Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-efc duo Duo Town Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-efd jao Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-efe gbuu Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-eg klao-C. part of "inland" klao Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ega jalo Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-egb nyanu Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-egc weo Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-egd doo-W. duo Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-ege nyao Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-egf woli Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-egg jede Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-egh dreo Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-egi seo Sewo Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-egj sitoon sit, sitoe, sitorn Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-egk toao Toao Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-egl pete Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-egm nymala nyamla Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-egn wete wehteh Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-f Wedebo+ Kplebo Grebo-SW., grebo-"barclayville" Liberia (Maryland) 4
95-ABA-fa kple-bo klebo Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-fb gbweta Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-fc wede-bo weda Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-fd sikli Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-g Fopo+ Bua Grebo-W. around meeting-point of 3 counties Liberia (Grand Gedeh; Sinoe;
Maryland)
4
95-ABA-ga fo-po Liberia
95-ABA-gb bua boa Liberia
95-ABA-gc gboa-o Liberia
95-ABA-h Chedepo+ Jedepo Grebo-NW., e-je Liberia (Grand Gedeh; Sinoe) 4
95-ABA-ha jede-po je, e-je "proper" Jedebo Liberia (Grand Gedeh and/or
Sinoe)
95-ABA-hb kle-po kedi-po, keli Liberia (Grand Gedeh and/or
Sinoe)
95-ABA-hc chede-po cede-po, tchede-po, chile Liberia (Grand Gedeh and/or
Sinoe)
95-ABA-hd tiem-po tien-po Liberia (Grand Gedeh and/or
Sinoe)
95-ABA-he gbe-po gbea-po Liberia (Grand Gedeh and/or
Sinoe)
95-ABA-hf pali-po pad, pad-bo Liberia (Grand Gedeh and/or
Sinoe)
95-ABA-i Nitiabo+ Kitiapo Grebo-CN. Cavally middle right-bank Liberia (Grand Gedeh) 4
95-ABA-ia kitia-po keti, ketie-bo Liberia (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-ib sa-bo Sabo Liberia (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-ic nitia-bo nyiti Liberia (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-id we-bo we-S. Liberia (Grand Gedeh)

1999 / 2000 edition
95-ABA-j Gboloo Grebo-C., gblou Liberia (Maryland; Grand Gedeh) 4
95-ABA-ja gedere-bo Liberia (Maryland and/or Grand
Gedeh)
95-ABA-jb nyanoun Nyanbo* Liberia (Maryland*)
95-ABA-jc tuo-bo-N. tuo-N. Liberia (Maryland and/or Grand
Gedeh)
95-ABA-jd bia-bo Biabo Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-je dedie-po Liberia (Maryland and/or Grand
Gedeh)
95-ABA-k Globo+ Gedebo Grebo-CS. Liberia (Maryland); also Cte
d'Ivoire frontier
4*
95-ABA-ka boro-bo baro Borobo Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-kb nyene-bo nyine Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-kc doro-bo Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-kd gede-bo Jedebo* Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-ke glo-bo gwlo-bo, gbwolo, gbolo Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-kf trem-bo-W. Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-kg tuo-bo-S. tuo-S. Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-l Glebo+ Jabo Grebo-S. Harper Liberia (Maryland); Cte d'Ivoire
(Sassandra) frontier
4*
95-ABA-la ja-bo gwea-bo, dya-bo, "seaside" grebo Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-lb nya-bo nya-S. Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-lc wrel-po Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-ld gle-bo gre-bo "proper", kre-bo, kre-po, kre-S. Liberia (Maryland) 4
95-ABA-m Tepo+ Glawlo Grebo-SE., 'krumen'-SW., 'kroumen'-SW. Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra); Liberia
(Maryland)
4
95-ABA-ma glawlo Liberia (Maryland)
95-ABA-mb ba-po ba-po-wi, ba Boubr & hinterland Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-mc pla-po pla-wi Tabou Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-md hom-po honpo Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-me wlo-po ropo Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-mf da-po Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-mg te-po te-pe-wi, te-wi, twa-po Grabo>S. Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-mh yre-po kapo Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-n Dugbo+ Pie Grebo-E., 'krumen'-NE., 'kroumen'-NE. Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra) 4
95-ABA-na abri-wi abribi, abrinya Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-nb ule Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-nc tre-po tre-wi, dre-bo, tremble, trem, trem-bo-E. Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-nd dugbo dougbo Dogbo Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-ne pie pya, pye San Pedro Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-nea pie-A. Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-neb pli Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-nec mahon Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-ned kuse Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-nee gla-po Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-nef hene-kwe Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-nf hwane Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-o Glaro+ Twabo Duobe valley Liberia (Grand Gedeh); also Cte
d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
3
95-ABA-oa glaro glaso Glaro Liberia (Grand Gedeh); also Cte
d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-ob twa-bo tewi, te, tepo Liberia (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-p Glio+ Ubi Galo Ta transfrontier Liberia (Grand Gedeh); Cte
d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
3
95-ABA-pa glio Galeo Liberia (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-pb ubi oubi Ta Cte d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
95-ABA-q Daho+ Doo "peripheral" gur-S. Ta>N. Cte d'Ivoire (Grand Gedeh) 4*
95-ABA-qa daho Cte d'Ivoire (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-qb doo-E. Cte d'Ivoire (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-r Wobe+ Sapo Wee, we, we-hu, we-nyon, gwe-nyon #the cover-name wee overlaps
with cover-names gur, gere (especially in Cte d'Ivoire), and krahn,
kran, kpaan, pahn (especially in Liberia)
Liberia (Grand Gedeh); Cte
d'Ivoire (Guiglo; Man)
5
95-ABA-ra go-bo gor-bo, part of krahn-E., part of gur Liberia (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-rb kana kanneh, part of krahn-E., part of gur Kana Liberia (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-rc kono-bo part of krahn-E., part of gur Liberia (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-rd cien ci, tchien, tyien, chiehn, part of krahn-E. Liberia (Grand Gedeh)

95-ABA-re sa-po sa, sapa, sabaou, pulu-pany, sapan, krahn-S. Liberia (Grand Gedeh; Sinoe) 4
95-ABA-rea nomo-po nemabo Liberia (Grand Gedeh and/or
Sinoe)
95-ABA-reb waya weya Liberia (Grand Gedeh and/or
Sinoe)
95-ABA-rec juason juazohn, juasohn Juazohn Liberia (Sinoe)
95-ABA-red sikon sikohn, siko, sinkon Liberia (Grand Gedeh and/or
Sinoe)
95-ABA-ree kabade Liberia (Grand Gedeh and/or
Sinoe)
95-ABA-ref putu pudu Liberia (Grand Gedeh and/or
Sinoe)
95-ABA-rf gbazon gbarzon, gbazohn, gbaeson, gbaison, part of krahn-W. Liberia (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-rg plo part of krahn-W. Liberia (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-rh gbo-bo gbo, gbor-bo, gbwo-bo, part of krahn-W. Liberia (Grand Gedeh); Cte
d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
95-ABA-ri gba-bo gbar-bo, part of krahn-W. Liberia (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-rj kpeaply part of krahn-W. Liberia (Grand Gedeh)
95-ABA-rk biai biyai, part of krahn-W. Biai Liberia (Grand Gedeh); Cte
d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
95-ABA-rl pewa pehua, part of krahn-W. Cte d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
95-ABA-rm nidru nidrou, part of krahn-W. Nidrou Cte d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
95-ABA-rn nia-bo nea-bo, niaho, part of gur Cte d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
95-ABA-ro welea* part of gur Cte d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
95-ABA-rp beu+ zarabaon part of gur Cte d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
95-ABA-rpa beu beo Cte d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
95-ABA-rpb zarabaon zerebaon, zaa Cte d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
95-ABA-rq fleo flo, part of gur Cte d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
95-ABA-rr zaa part of gur Cte d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
95-ABA-rs nyeo nyo, part of gur Cte d'Ivoire (Guiglo)
95-ABA-rt zagna+ zagne part of gur Cte d'Ivoire (Guiglo; Man)
95-ABA-rta zagna (Guiglo)
95-ABA-rtb zagne (Man)
95-ABA-ru zibiao part of gur Cte d'Ivoire (Man)
95-ABA-rv wobe whi, wob, ouobi Cte d'Ivoire (Man; also
Biankouma; Sgula; Daloa)
5
95-ABA-rva baon baon-ulu, smien Smien Cte d'Ivoire (Man; Biankouma;
Sgula; Daloa)
95-ABA-rvb zoho zoho-ulu, zo-ulu, soo, pom Fakobly, Fakobli Cte d'Ivoire (Man)
95-ABA-rvc gbeon gbeon-ulu, gbea-ulu, gban, tao Kouibly, Kouibli Cte d'Ivoire (Man)
95-ABA-s Nyabwa+ Nyedebwa "peripheral" gur-E. +transition to [95] Bete-W. Cte d'Ivoire (Daloa) 4*
95-ABA-sa nya-bwa niabwa, niaboua, nyabo-ulu, including kuzye, kouzi community
Pelzi>S.
Cte d'Ivoire (Daloa)
95-ABA-sb nyede-bwa niedeboua, nyedebo-ulu Issia Zoukougbeu Gussabo Cte d'Ivoire (Daloa)
95-ABA-t Kuya "peripheral" bete-NW. Cte d'Ivoire (Daloa) 3*
95-ABA-ta kuya kouya Cte d'Ivoire (Daloa)
95-ABA-u Yoko+ Gibwa Bete-W., bt-W., part of 'kru'-E., including bt-SW., in [51] Franais:
bt de Guibroua-Soubr bt-N., in [51] Franais: bt de Daloa-
Issia Soubr Guibroua Saoua, Saouia Daloa
Cte d'Ivoire (Daloa; Gagnoa;
Sassandra)
5
95-ABA-ua dakwia dakuya Kosoa>S. Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra; Gagnoa)
95-ABA-ub deba-yo Cte d'Ivoire
95-ABA-uc yoko-lo yoko, yokogbo Cte d'Ivoire
95-ABA-ud joko-lo Cte d'Ivoire
95-ABA-ue gaponoroguhe gbenbono, guibono Gaponoroguh Cte d'Ivoire (Daloa)
95-ABA-uf subre soubr Soubr
95-ABA-ug tagura tagoura Cte d'Ivoire
95-ABA-uh bog-wi bogvi Cte d'Ivoire
95-ABA-ui gbalwa-no Cte d'Ivoire
95-ABA-uj lob-we lobw, lobou Cte d'Ivoire
95-ABA-uk broku-ya Cte d'Ivoire
95-ABA-ul gib-wa guibwa, gobwa Cte d'Ivoire
95-ABA-um loz-wa logbozoa Cte d'Ivoire
95-ABA-un zelmogbo Cte d'Ivoire
95-ABA-uo jivo Cte d'Ivoire

1999 / 2000 edition
95-ABA-v Shyen+ Nekedi* Bete-E., bete-E., bete-gagnoa, part of 'kru'-E., in [51] Franais: bt de
Gagnoa-Ouragahio Gagnoa
Cte d'Ivoire (Gagnoa) 5
95-ABA-va shyen shye Cte d'Ivoire (Gagnoa)
95-ABA-vb gbadi gbadie, badie Cte d'Ivoire (Gagnoa)
95-ABA-vc zehireku zibirikuo* Zikobu Cte d'Ivoire (Gagnoa)
95-ABA-vd nekedi nekeide Cte d'Ivoire (Gagnoa)
95-ABA-ve zadie Cte d'Ivoire (Gagnoa)
95-ABA-vf niabre Cte d'Ivoire (Gagnoa)
95-ABA-vg kpakolo Cte d'Ivoire (Gagnoa)
95-ABA-vh zebie Cte d'Ivoire (Gagnoa)
95-ABA-vi mahi-huo Cte d'Ivoire (Gagnoa)
95-ABA-vj baru-hio Cte d'Ivoire (Gagnoa)
95-ABA-w Ziko+ Gida Bete-SE., bt-SE., "peripheral" bete-SE., part of 'kru'-E. Cte d'Ivoire (Divo) 4*
95-ABA-wa ziko-bwe ziko-bwu, zikobue Cte d'Ivoire (Divo)
95-ABA-wb gida-bwe gida-bwu, gidabue Cte d'Ivoire (Divo)
95-ABA-wc ge-bye gubye, gebie, gibue, gubi, gabi +transition to [95] Shyen+ Nekedi &
Vata+ Yokobue
Cte d'Ivoire (Divo)
95-ABA-x Vata+ Yokobue Dida, part of 'kru'-E. Cte d'Ivoire (Divo) 5
95-ABA-xa vata dida-N. Zarako Cte d'Ivoire (Divo)
95-ABA-xaa vata-hwe vata "proper", wata, watahoue, wattahw, memli (Divo)
95-ABA-xab gbehi-hwe (Divo)
95-ABA-xac gohu-hwe (Divo)
95-ABA-xad goka-hwe (Divo)
95-ABA-xb dieko+ ziki dida-C., dida-lakota Lakota Cte d'Ivoire (Divo) 4
95-ABA-xba dieko diko (Divo)
95-ABA-xbb gabo Gabo (Divo)
95-ABA-xbc satro-wale (Divo)
95-ABA-xbd gebie gubie (Divo)
95-ABA-xbe brabori Brabori (Divo)
95-ABA-xbf ziki-wale Zikisso (Divo)
95-ABA-xbg gdahwe-wale gdahw-wol (Divo)
95-ABA-xc yokobue+ kagwe dida-S., dida-yoko-bue, "wider" yocobou Yokobou Guitry Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan; Divo) 4
95-ABA-xca yoko-bue yoko-bue-wale, yoko-boue-wale, yoko-bw-wol, yocobou "proper"
Yokobou
(Abidjan)
95-ABA-xcb gakpa gakpa-wale (Divo)
95-ABA-xcc gudu gudu-wale, goudouwal (Divo)
95-ABA-xcd kagwe kague-wale, kagouwal +transition to [95] Kagbo+ Kwadre (Godye) (Divo)
95-ABA-y Kagbo+ Kwadre Godye, godi, kodi, part of 'kru'-E. Cte d'Ivoire (Divo; Sassandra) 4
95-ABA-ya koyi-wale koyo, koyi-wali +transition to [95] Dida+ Vata Fresco Cte d'Ivoire (Divo)
95-ABA-yb kagbo-wale kagbu, kagbu-wali Cte d'Ivoire (Divo)
95-ABA-yc dagli-wale dagli-wali, dagri-wale Cte d'Ivoire (Divo)
95-ABA-yd tiglu-wale tiglu-wali, tigro-wale Cte d'Ivoire (Divo; Sassandra)
95-ABA-ye nugbo-wale nugbo-wali Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-yf jluko-wale jluko-wali, djiriko-wale Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-yg dlogo-wale dlogo-wali, drogo-wale Sassandra>E. Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-yh nyago-wale nyago-wali, gnago-wale Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-yi glibe-wale gkibe-wa, glibe-wali Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-yj kwadre+ kotrohu part of godye-W. Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-yja kwadre-wole kwadia-wole, kwadya, kwadie, nigbiyo, kwa, kodia (Sassandra)
95-ABA-yjb kotrohu kotrohou, legregnoua, legrenyua, kotroku (Sassandra)
95-ABA-yk ne-wole neyo, no, newo, nihiri, part of godye-W. Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-z Daprele+ Ngwane Bakwe, bakw, part of 'kru'-E. Sassandra lower valley: Soubr
Sassandra +transition to [95] Dugbo+ Pie (Grebo-E.)
Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra) 4
95-ABA-za da-prele deple Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-zb da-fale defa, dafa Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-zc da-ghaye Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-zd da-katele Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-ze magba nigagba* Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-zf nyinagbi Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)
95-ABA-zg ngwane wane, hwane Cte d'Ivoire (Sassandra)

95-AC AZI+ ABRAKO chain
95-ACA AZI ABRAKO net
95-ACA-a Azi+ Abrako Edeyi Ebri lagoon Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan) 4
95-ACA-aa a-zi tiagba, a-izi "proper", a-hizi Tiagba Nigui Saff Nigui Assoko
Timi
Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan)
95-ACA-ab a-prwe Tfrdji Attoutou-N.. Attoutou-S. Koko Alaba Tabot
classification to be reviewed; although the community is ethnically
"Edeyi", this inner-language may need to be classified within a separate
outer-language or net, and perhaps even separate chain or set.
95-ACA-ac a-brako froukou Abrako Ablanian Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan)

1999 / 2000 edition
96= AFRAMIC
phylozone
covers the "West Kwa" reference area (the former western
section of "old Kwa") within the "Volta-Congo" affinity, within
the wider "Transafrican" continental affinity; comprising 13
sets of languages (= 66 outer languages) spoken by
communities in West Africa, centered on the lower Volta
(Afram) basin:
96-A AVIKAM+ ALADIAN 96-B VE+ JUKRU
96-C BODIN+ KETIN 96-D TYAMA+ OGWIA
96-E EGA 96-F TWI+ NGBANDZI
96-G GISEDA+ EKPANA 96-H LELEMI+ SEKPELE
96-I KEGBERIKE+ ANIMERE 96-J IKPOSO+ AGO
96-K TRUGBU+SIYA 96-L GA+ DANGME
96-M EWE+ FON
Benin; Cte d'Ivoire; Ghana;
Nigeria; Togo
7
96-A AVIKAM+ ALADIAN
set
Latin script
96-AA AVIKAM chain
96-AAA AVIKAM net
96-AAA-a Avikam Grand Lahou costal plain Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan) 4
96-AAA-aa a-vikam a-vekom, brignan, brinya, gbanda, kwakwa, lahu Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan)
96-AB ALADIAN chain
96-ABA ALADIAN net
96-ABA-a Aladian Jacqueville coast Ebri lagoon Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan) 4
96-ABA-aa a-ladian a-ladyan, a-lagia, a-lagian, alladyan, alladian, a-lady; a-ladyan-mbo, n-
laja-bo community
Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan) 4
96-B VE+ JUKRU set abe+ adyukru, agneby Latin script
96-BA JUKRU chain
96-BAA JUKRU net
96-BAA-a Jukru Ebri lagoon: Dabou>W. Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan) 4
96-BAA-aa mo-jukru jukru, a-dyukru, a-djukru, a-dioukrou, a-dyukuru, a-dyoukrou, a-jukru Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan) 4
96-BB ARI+ OGBRU chain ABIJI
96-BBA ARI+ OGBRU net
96-BBA-a Ari+ Ogbru Sikenssi Dabou sous-prfectures Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan) 4
96-BBA-aa a-ri abiji "proper", abidji "proper"; ebbe community Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan)
96-BBA-ab ogbru ogburu, abidji-ogburu Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan)
96-BBA-ac enyembe egnenbe, abidji-egnenbe Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan)
96-BC VE+ TIOFO chain ABE
96-BCA VE+ TIOFO net
96-BCA-a Ve+ Tiofo a-be, abbey, abbe, abi Abidjan hinterland: Agnby valley Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan; Agboville) 5
96-BCA-aa morie abe-morie Cte d'Ivoire
96-BCA-ab ve abe-ve, abbey-ve Cte d'Ivoire
96-BCA-ac khos abe-khos, abbey-khos, kos Cte d'Ivoire
96-BCA-ad tiofo abe-tiofo, abbey-tiofo, tioffo Cte d'Ivoire
96-C BODIN+ KETIN set ATYE Latin script
96-CA BODIN+ KETIN chain
96-CAA BODIN+ KETIN net
96-CAA-a Bodin+ Ketin a-tye, a-ce, attie, a-kye, a-kie, a-tche, a-tshe between Abidjan
Akoup
Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan; Adzop) 5
96-CAA-aa ketin ket! Cte d'Ivoire
96-CAA-ab bodin bod, boden, atye-C. Cte d'Ivoire
96-CAA-ac nedin nd!, naindin Cte d'Ivoire
96-D TYAMA+ OGWIA set ebri+ mbato, part of potou-tano Latin script
96-DA TYAMA chain EBRI
96-DAA TYAMA net
96-DAA-a Tyama Abidjan>W.: Ebri Ilagoon Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan) 4
96-DAA-aa tyama-ncan cama, cam-nc, caman, kyama, n-tyan, n-kya, tsama, ebri Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan) 4
96-DB OGWIA chain MBATO
96-DBA OGWIA net
96-DBA-a Ogwia o-gwia, ngogha, ngoga, goaa, gwa, gwa-byo, m'bato, mbatto, mgbato,
potu, n-batto
Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan) 4
96-DBA-aa domolon Domolon Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan)
96-DBA-ab dabre Dabr Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan)

96-DC ESUMA* chain
96-DCA ESUMA net
96-DCA-a Esuma Essouma: Assinie Mafia Cte d'Ivoire (Aboisso) 0
96-DCA-aa e-suma essouma extinct +submerged by [96] Anyi & [96] Nzema Cte d'Ivoire (Aboisso) 0
96-E EGA set part of potou-tano Latin script
96-EA EGA chain
96-EAA EGA net
96-EAA-a Ega nearly extinct (67 speakers in 1975) Dis Cte d'Ivoire (Divo) 1
96-EAA-aa e-ga iga, egwa, dis Cte d'Ivoire (Divo) 1
96-F TWI+ NGBANDZI set akan+ gonja, volta+ bandama, volta+ como, tano Latin script
96-FA ABULE+ BETIBE
chain
omo, tano-W.
96-FAA ABULE net
96-FAA-a Abule a-bule, abure, abour, akaplass, abonwa Bonoua Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan) 4
96-FAA-aa e-yive Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan)
96-FAA-ab e-hie Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan)
96-FAA-ac o-suan ossouan Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan)
96-FAB BETIBE net
96-FAB-a Betibe be-tibe, me-tyibo, me-kibo, me-cibo, otil, byetri, vitr Vitr villages Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan) 3
96-FAB-aa betibe-bassam Grand-Bassam Cte d'Ivoire (Abidjan)
96-FAB-ab betibe-adiake Adiak Cte d'Ivoire (Aboisso)
96-FB KROBU chain
96-FBA KROBU net
96-FBA-a Krobu Agboville>W. Cte d'Ivoire (Agboville) 3
96-FBA-aa krobu krobou Cte d'Ivoire (Agboville) 3
96-FC TWI+ BAULE chain 'bia'
96-FCA BAULE+ ANYI net
96-FCA-a Baule+ Kode bawule, baoul Tiassal Yamoussoukro Bouak Como
middle left-bank
Cte d'Ivoire (Bouak; Abidjan;
Divo; Dimbokro )
6
96-FCA-aa baule dialects to be re-assessed Cte d'Ivoire (Bouak; Abidjan;
Divo; Dimbokro )
6
96-FCA-aaa baule-G. "generalised" baule Cte d'Ivoire (Bouak; Abidjan;
Divo; Dimbokro )
96-FCA-aab baule-NE. ano, ngano, gara, anno, including abe Nizi Como middle valleys:
M'Bahiakro Agianou
Cte d'Ivoire (Bouak)
96-FCA-aac baule-S. tiasale, tyasale, gyassale, anyin-tiassal Bandama lower valley:
Tiassal transition to [96] Anyi
96-FCA-ab kode "peripheral" baule, baule-NW. Kossou lake left-bank: Boumi Cte d'Ivoire (Bouak)
96-FCA-b Anyi agni, a-nyin Anoumaba Abengourou Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou;
Abengourou; Aboisso ); Ghana
(Western ); also migration> Togo
5
96-FCA-ba a-nyi-C. "generalised" anyi Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou;
Abengourou; Aboisso )
96-FCA-bb bini biny, binik, part of anyi-N. Biniy Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou)
96-FCA-bc bona bonna, part of anyi-N. Koun Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou)
96-FCA-bd joablin djoablin, diabe Etroukro Agnibilkrou Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou;
Abengourou)
96-FCA-be moronu-fwe moronu-fw, moronou Bandana lake Como middle right-bank:
Moronou Arra
96-FCA-bf ndenie indenie, ndni Abengourou Cte d'Ivoire (Abengourou)
96-FCA-bg sanvi sanwi, samvign Aboisso Cte d'Ivoire (Aboisso); Ghana
(Western)
96-FCA-bga sanvi-C. Bianouan Aboisso Cte d'Ivoire (Western)
96-FCA-bgb a-fema Baffia Affinou Cte d'Ivoire (Western)
96-FCA-bgc aowin anwonw!, aowim, including brisa, brissa, brosa Enchi Jema Ghana (Western)
96-FCA-bh anyi-abiji alangoua, agni-abidji, abiji-anyin Binao>SW. distinct from [96] Ari+
Ogbru (Abiji)
96-FCA-bi e-bolosa Cte d'Ivoire
96-FCA-c Sehwi +transition to [96] Gonja Ghana (Western); also Cte
d'Ivoire (Abengourou )
5
96-FCA-ca sehwi sefwi, sefwei, sexwi, asahyue, asaye Wiawso>W. Ghana (Western); also Cte
d'Ivoire (Abengourou )
5
96-FCA-d Anufo Wawjayga Mango Atacora mountains Ghana (Northern); Togo (Nord);
Benin (Atakora)
4
96-FCA-da anu-fo chokosi, chakosi, kyokosi, tchokossi, tiokossi Ghana (Northern); Togo (Nord);
Benin (Atakora)
4

1999 / 2000 edition
96-FCB NZEMA+ AHANTA
net
96-FCB-a Nzema Ampansi Akusuansa Nouamou lagoon Ghana (Western); Cte d'Ivoire
(Aboisso)
5
96-FCB-aa nzema nzima, zma, appolo Ghana (Western); Cte d'Ivoire
(Aboisso)
5
96-FCB-b Jwira+ Pepesa pepesa+ jwira Ghana (Western) 5*
96-FCB-ba jwira Ankobra valley: Bamiankaw Humjibere Ghana (Western)
96-FCB-bb pepesa Dompim Ghana (Western)
96-FCB-c Ahanta Sekondi>W. Ghana (Western) 5*
96-FCB-ca a-hanta Ghana (Western)
96-FCC TWI+ BRONG net
96-FCC-a Brong a-bron, doma, bono, kman Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou); Ghana
(Brong-Ahafo)
5
96-FCC-aa gyaman a-brong-W., ahinifi, doma Bondoukou Tanda Badavini Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou) 4
96-FCC-ab a-brong-ahafo a-brong-C. Ghana (Brong-Ahafo) 5
96-FCC-aba a-damso Adamso Japekrom Ghana (Brong-Ahafo)
96-FCC-abb berekum Berekum Dormaa Ghana (Brong-Ahafo)
96-FCC-abc wenchi Wenchi Ghana (Brong-Ahafo)
96-FCC-abd kintampo Kintampo Nkoranza Ghana (Brong-Ahafo)
96-FCC-abe brong-E. Atebubu Ghana (Brong-Ahafo)
96-FCC-b Twi+ Fante Akan Tano left-bank Sene lower right bank Volta right bank
Atlantic coast
Ghana (Western; Ashanti; Eastern;
Accra; Central)
6
96-FCC-ba akan-F. "standard" akan, "standard" twi+ fante compromise written standard Ghana (Western; Ashanti; Eastern;
Accra; Central)
6
96-FCC-bb fante fanti, mfantse, fante-kasa Ghana (Western; Central) 6
96-FCC-bba fante-F. "standard" fante Ghana (Western; Central)
96-FCC-bbb sekondi Sekondi Ghana (Western)
96-FCC-bbc komenda Komenda Ghana (Central)
96-FCC-bbd o-gua Cape Coast Ghana (Central)
96-FCC-bbe e-kumfi Asamang Ghana (Central)
96-FCC-bc twi twi-kasa, a-twi, o-tshi, o-twi, twi-foro, twi-fo Ghana (Ashanti; Eastern; Accra;
Central; Western; also Volta)
6
96-FCC-bca twi-F. "standard" twi, including "standard" asante Ghana (Ashanti; Eastern; Accra;
Central; Western; also Volta )
96-FCC-bcb a-kuapem akwapem-twi, akuapim, akwapim, including "early standard" twi
Akwapim hills: Nsawam Koforidua
Ghana (Eastern)
96-FCC-bcc a-sante ashante-twi, asante-kasa, asanti, achanti, ashanti Mampong
Kumasi Obuasi
Ghana (Ashanti)
96-FCC-bcd a-danse adansi Adansi Prasu>N. Ghana (Ashanti)
96-FCC-bce dankyira dankira, denkera, dinkira Jukwa-N.; Jukwa-S. Ghana (Western)
96-FCC-bcf a-gona Swedru Ghana (Central)
96-FCC-bcg a-sen aseng, asen+ twifo Twifu-Praso Foso Ghana (Central)
96-FCC-bci akyem-bosome akim-busumi Oda environs Ghana (Eastern)
96-FCC-bch a-kyem including akyem-abuakwa akyem-kotoku Kibi Ghana (Eastern)
96-FCC-bcj a-kwahu kwahu, kwawu Volta lake right-bank Ghana (Eastern)
96-FCC-bcl a-kwamu akwam Senchi Pore Ghana (Eastern; Volta)
96-FCC-c Wasa wasaw, wassa Akropong Tarkwa Ghana (Western) 5
96-FCC-ca a-menfi wasaw-amenfi Akropong Anakum Ghana (Western)
96-FCC-cb fianse fiase, wasaw-fiase Tarkwa Ghana (Western)
96-FCC-d Basa Ouess environs (Ghana migration>) Benin (Zou) 3*
96-FCC-da basa Benin (Zou) 3*
96-FD NGBANDZI+
CHUMBURUNG
chain
"WIDER"-GUANG
96-FDA WUTU+ ANUM net
96-FDA-a Wutu "coastal" guang Winneba, Simpa & eastwards: Afutu Sanya
Bereku Apa
Ghana (Central) 4
96-FDA-aa a-wutu-A. a-futu, o-futu, a-utu, o-butu, Ghana (Central) 4
96-FDA-ab e-futu "coastal" a-wutu Ghana (Central) 4
96-FDA-b Anum+ Late Gua, guang "proper", "hill" guang Ghana (Eastern; Volta) 5
96-FDA-ba okere-mmiri okere, kyerepong, chiripong, chiripon, cherepon Akwapim hills:
Cherepong
Ghana (Eastern) 4
96-FDA-bb late lete, larteh, lele Akwapim hills: Larteh Ghana (Eastern) 4
96-FDA-bc a-num anu, asamankase-anum Ho>W.: Anum hills Ghana (Volta) 4
96-FDA-bd boso Ho>W.: Anum hills Ghana (Volta)

96-FDB NGBANDZI+ DUMPO
net
96-FDB-a Ngbandzi+ Ngbanye Gonja, n-gbandzi, n-gbanye, n-gbanya, n-gbanyu, n-gbanyi, n-gbanyi-
to, a-gbanyi Bole Volta right-bank; some communities displaced by
flooding of Volta Lake
also Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou)
5
96-FDB-aa n-gbandzi-to gbandzi Bole & environs Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-aaa tantama* Black Volta right-bank (meeting-point of Cte d'Ivoire, Ghana &
Burkina Faso): Tantama
96-FDB-aab bole Bole Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-aac bole-wora Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-ab n-gbanye gbanye, gbanya, gbanyu Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-aba tagbadi tagadi Tagadi Cte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou)
96-FDB-abb malue maluwe Maluwe Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-abc busunu Busunu Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-abd daboja ka-gbanya Daboja Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-abe bwipe buipe Bwipe Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-abf salaga n-gbanye-to Salaga Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-abg kpembi-wora n-gbanyu Kpembi-wora Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-ac n-gbanyi-to gbanyi Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-aca m-pre Bute Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-acb n-tere-to Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-acc m-pur Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-acd n-tera-to Deba Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-b Choruba Bole environs Ghana (Northern) 4*
96-FDB-ba choruba choroba Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-c Ndmpo n-dmpo Black Volta left-bank: Kalonso Ghana (Northern) 4*
96-FDB-ca n-dmpo dmpo, dompo, dumpo Ghana (Northern)
96-FDB-d Fodo* Semere (originating traditionally from Salaga) (Ghana migration>) Benin
(Atakora); Togo frontier
4
96-FDB-da fodo foodo, podo, bazantche, bazantse (Atakora); Togo-E. frontier 4
96-FDC CHUMBURUNG+
TSUMUNU net
96-FDC-a Kplang Volta right-bank Ghana (Brong-Ahafo) 3
96-FDC-aa kplang (Brong-Ahafo) 3
96-FDC-b Yeji Volta lake right-bank: Yeji Ghana (Brong-Ahafo) 3
96-FDC-ba yeji (Brong-Ahafo) 3
96-FDC-c Chumburung n-chumburu, n-chumuru, n-chummuru, n-chimburu, n-chimbur", n-
chumburung, n-chumunu, tchimboro, kyongborong Volta both banks
Ghana (Northern; Volta; Brong-
Ahafo)
4
96-FDC-ca chumburung-N. banda Ghana (Northern)
96-FDC-cb chumburung-S. Ghana (Volta)
96-FDC-cba lonto Ghana
96-FDC-cbb gurubi Ghana
96-FDC-cbc chinderi Chindiri Ghana (Volta)
96-FDC-cbd bejamse Ghana
96-FDC-cbe borae Borae Ghana (Volta)
96-FDC-d Chumbulu Volta right-bank Ghana (Brong-Ahafo) 3
96-FDC-da n-chumbulu chumbulu Ghana (Brong-Ahafo) 3
96-FDC-e Tsumunu n-tsumunu, n-chumunu, n-tsomuno Volta right-bank Ghana (Brong-Ahafo) 4
96-FDC-ea dwang dwan Dwang Ghana (Brong-Ahafo)
96-FDC-eb kwame-danso Ghana (Brong-Ahafo)
96-FDC-ec bassa Ghana (Brong-Ahafo)
96-FDC-ed ewoase Ghana (Brong-Ahafo)
96-FDC-f Krachi kraci, krache, krakye, kaakyi, ka-ce sensa Kete-Krachi environs Ghana (Volta) 4
96-FDC-fa nkatekwan Nkatekwan Ghana (Volta)
96-FDC-fb chantai Chantai Ghana (Volta)
96-FDC-g Tsumbuli* historical migration from west (Ghana migration>) Togo; Benin
3*
96-FDC-ga tsumbuli tschumbuli, tchumbuli Togo; Benin 3
96-FDD NAWURI net
96-FDD-a Nawuri Volta left-bank: Oti river-branch Ghana (Volta) 4
96-FDD-aa na-wura n-katshina, na-wuri Ghana (Volta)
96-FDD-ab ka-wuri na-wuri-SW. Ghana (Volta)
96-FDE NKONYA net
96-FDE-a Nkonya Volta left-bank: Kpandu>N. Ghana (Volta) 4
96-FDE-aa n-konya n-kunya, n-kogna Ghana (Volta) 4

1999 / 2000 edition
96-FDF KYODE+ NYANGA
net
96-FDF-a Kyode Djebobo highlands Ghana (Volta); Togo 4*
96-FDF-aa gi-kyode kyode, chode, gi-chode; a-kyode, a-chode, a-code, a-tyoti, a-tyode
community
Ghana (Volta); Togo 4*
96-FDF-b Nyanga Ani valley: Blitta environs Togo 3
96-FDF-ba a-nyanga nyanga, a-nyana, a-gnagan Togo 3
96-G GISEDA+ EKPANA
set
basila+ logba, part of togo "remnant", in [52] Deutsch togo-
'restsprachen'Latin script
96-GA GISEDA+ GIDERE
chain
96-GAA GIDERE net ADELE
96-GAA-a Gidere a-dele, dere, gi-dre, gi-dere, se-dere, ga-dre, a-deli; be-dere, bi-dire,
lolo community
Ghana (Volta); Togo 4*
96-GAA-aa gi-dire-W. Korantai Dutukpene Ghana (Volta) 4*
96-GAA-ab gi-dire-E. Kou Mpoti Ygou Togo-W. frontier 3
96-GAB GISEDA+ GISEME
net
AKPE
96-GAB-a Giseme+ Ananjubi Togo; adjacent Benin 3
96-GAB-aa gi-seme seme, gi-sem, gi-sme Afem Boussou Togo
96-GAB-ab a-nanjubi anandjoobi Balanka Togo+ Benin frontier
96-GAB-b Giseda+ Gilempla Basila, ani, anii, bassila, windji-windji, ouindji-ouindji Bassila environs Benin (Atakora); adjacent Togo 3
96-GAB-ba gi-lempla lempla Benin (Atakora); Togo
96-GAB-bb gi-kolodjya kolodjya, gi-kolodhdjya Benin (Atakora); Togo
96-GAB-bc gi-seda sida, gi-sida, ba-sidi, ba-sida, ba-sila "proper", including donga Benin (Atakora) 3
96-GB EKPANA* chain LOGBA
96-GBA EKPANA net
96-GBA-a Ekpana Kpandu>SE. Ghana (Volta) 3
96-GBA-aa e-kpana se-kpana, logba, si-nugbe, nugba; a-kpana community Ghana (Volta) 3
96-H LELEMI+ SEKPELE
set
part of togo "remnant", in [52] Deutsch togo-restsprachen Latin script
96-HA LELEMI+ AKPAFU
chain
96-HAA LELEMI net
96-HAA-a Lelemi Avegadje highlands: Jasikan Ghana (Volta) 4
96-HAA-aa le-lemi l-emi, uem, le-fana, ca, borada; b-uem community Ghana (Volta) 4
96-HAB WU+ LOLOBI net
96-HAB-a Wu+ Lolobi Hoho>N. Ghana (Volta) 4
96-HAB-aa si-wu wu, si-wu-si, akpafu Ghana (Volta)
96-HAB-ab lo-lobi Ghana (Volta)
96-HB SEKPELE+ SELE
chain
lele-santrokofi
96-HBA SELE net
96-HBA-a Sele Benua Bume Agbodome Ghana (Volta) 3
96-HBA-aa se-le santrokofi; ba-le community Ghana (Volta) 3
96-HBB SEKPELE+ SEKWA
net
LIKPE Hoho>N.
96-HBB-a Sekpele+ Sekwa li-kpe, mu Ghana (Volta) 4
96-HBB-aa se-kpele kpele, di-kpele Ghana (Volta)
96-HBB-ab se-kwa kwa Ghana (Volta)
96-I KEBERIKE+
ANIMERE set
part of togo "remnant", in [52] Deutsch: togo-'restsprachen'Latin
script
96-IA KEBERIKE+
ANIMERE chain
96-IAA ANIMERE net
96-IAA-a Animere -bilingual in [96] Gidere (Adele) in danger of extinction Ghana (Volta) 2
96-IAA-aa a-nimere a-nyimere, a-nimure Ghana (Volta)
96-IAA-aaa kecheibi animere-N. Kecheibi (Volta)
96-IAA-aab kunda animere-S. Kunda (Volta)
96-IAB KEGBERIKE net KEBU
96-IAB-a Kegberike Kougnohou Veh-Nkougna Kamina Togo (Wawa); also Ghana (Volta) 4
96-IAB-aa ke-gberi-ke gberi, ku-gberi-ku, k-gbri-k, kebu, a-kebu, kbou, kabu, e-gbete-be,
a-gbe-be, e-kpe-be, e-kbe-be
Togo (Wawa); Ghana (Volta
frontier)
4

96-J IKPOSO+ AGO set part of togo "remnant", in [52] Deutsch: togo-restsprachen Latin
script
96-JA IKPOSO+ LIWULI
chain
kposo+ bowili
96-JAA LIWULI net
96-JAA-a Liwuli Volta lake left-bank Amanfro Ghana (Volta) 4*
96-JAA-aa li-wuli si-wuri, tu-wili; ba-wuli, bo-wili, ba-wuri, bewli community Ghana (Volta) 4*
96-JAB IKPOSO net
96-JAB-a Ikposo i-kposo, kposo, kposso, a-kposo, a-kposso community; including a-
kposo-atadi, otadi, akposo-N. akposo-sodo, akposo-S. idioms to be
reviewed within two or three possible inner or outer-languages (north
south perhaps also northwest) Amlam Amou-Oblo Atakpam
Togo; Ghana (Volta) 5*
96-JAB-aa litime akposo-NW. Litim Badou Togo
96-JAB-ab uma Togo
96-JAB-ac logbo Togo
96-JAB-ad i-kponu Togo
96-JAB-ae i-wi uwi Togo
96-JAB-af amu-oblo amou-oblou, part of akposo-S. Amou-Oblou Togo
96-JAB-ag apesokubi* Apesokubi Ghana (Volta) 3
96-JB AGO chain AHLO
96-JBA AGO net
96-JBA-a Ago Bogo-Ahlon canton: Bogo-Ahlon Illogo Dnou Tinip
Ounadjassi -bilingual in [96] Ewe
Togo (Kloto) 3
96-JBA-aa a-go o-goo; i-go, bo-go, ahlon-bogo, bogo-ahlan community; in [96] Ewe:
achlo, axolo, ahlon, arlon, ahlo, ahl
Togo (Kloto) 3
96-K TRUGBU+ SIYA set avatime+ nyangbo, part of togo "remnant", in [52] Deutsch: togo-
'restsprachen' Latin script
96-KA TRUGBU+ SIYA
chain
96-KAA TRUGBU+ SIYA net
96-KAA-a Trugbu+ Tegbo tafi+ nyangbo Volta lake left-bank: Togo hills (Ho>N.) Ghana (Volta) 3
96-KAA-aa te-gbo tafi; ba-gbo community Ghana (Volta) 3
96-KAA-ab tu-trugbu nyangbo, nygbo; ba-trugbu community Ghana (Volta) 3
96-KAA-b Siya Volta lake left-bank: Amedzofe, Amajofe Ghana (Volta) 4
96-KAA-ba si-ya-se si-deme, sia, in [96] Ewe: avatime, afatime; ke-dane-ma, kane-ma, ke-
demo-nye, ke-deane community; o-done person
Ghana (Volta) 4
96-L GA+ DANGME set ga+ adangme Latin script
96-LA GA+ DANGME chain
96-LAA GA+ DANGME net
96-LAA-a G ga, gan, gain, accra, acra Ghana (Central; Accra) 5
96-LAA-aa accra "urban" g Accra Ghana (Accra; Central)
96-LAA-ab teshi Teshi-Nungwa Ghana (Accra)
96-LAA-ac osu Osu Ghana (Accra)
96-LAA-b Krobo Bisa Trom Ghana (Accra) 4*
96-LAA-ba krobo +transition between G and Adangme Ghana (Accra)
96-LAA-c Dangme a-dangme, a-dangbe, dangmeli community Ghana (Accra; Eastern) 5
96-LAA-ca kpone Ghana (Accra)
96-LAA-cb ningo Ghana (Accra)
96-LAA-cc prampram Prampram Ghana (Accra)
96-LAA-cd shai Shai hills Ghana (Accra; Eastern)
96-LAA-ce osudoku osuduku Osudoku Ghana (Eastern)
96-LAA-cf ada Ada Ghana (Eastern)
96-M EWE+ FON set GBE #the suffix -gbe, -be (=language) can in principle be added to
the name of any language or dialect, or relevant place-name; it has
been recently been used as a linguistic cover-name for Ewe+ Fon
96-MA EWE+ FON chain
96-MAA EWE+ FON net
96-MAA-a Ewe ewe-gbe, w, eve, evhe, vhe, eibe, ebwe, efe, eue, krepi, krepe, popo,
including further dialects, to be located & classified: akata anyro
aveno ave-dakpa baguida fyokpo gafe gbin keve
kotaf lavye peci towun vli, vhlin wance, wonce wome
etc. Latin script
Togo (Maritime; Plateaux); Ghana
(Volta)
6
96-MAA-aa ewe-F. "standard" ewe Ewe-C. (Anhlo) model Togo (Maritime; Plateaux); Ghana
(Volta)

1999 / 2000 edition
96-MAA-ab ewe-C. anhlo, anlo, anglo, awlongan, awlan, agnlo, ahulan, ahoulan, including
awuna Volta lower left-bank. Lom frontier
Ghana (Volta); Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-aba agblodome part of awuna Agbledomi Ghana (Volta)
96-MAA-abb keta part of awuna Keta coast Ghana (Volta)
96-MAA-abc tove toveg, part of awuna Tove Ghana (Volta)
96-MAA-abd agome agome-yo, part of awuna Agome Ghana (Volta)
96-MAA-abe be ve, lome-be Lom Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-abf kodjoviakope Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-abg kpime Kpm coast Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-abh agoe-nyive* Agouv Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-abi tsevye tsevie Tsvi Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-ac ewe-NW. krepe Ghana (Volta)
96-MAA-aca ho Ho Ghana (Volta)
96-MAA-acb kpandu Volta lake left-bank: Kpandu (now flooded) Ghana (Volta)
96-MAA-acc fodome Fodome Xelu Ghana (Volta)
96-MAA-ad ewe-NE. Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-ada zukpe Zikp Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-adb fyokpo Fokpou Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-adc kpele kpelen Kpel Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-add notse ntse, nyotse Nuatja Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-ade adame adangbe Adam hills Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-adf gudeve goudeve Goudv Veho Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-adg tsiko Tsiko Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-adh agotime Kpalim Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-adi batume Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-adj nyitoe Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-adk yokele Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-adl tseko-dedekpoe Tsekpo-Dedekpoe Togo (Plateaux*)
96-MAA-adm agu fiagbome Fiabom Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-adn dayin danyi Dagni northern enclave, to be confirmed Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-b Kpesi Kptsi Langanbou Togo (Plateaux) 3
96-MAA-ba kpesi kpessi, kpetsi, gbesi Togo (Plateaux) 3
96-MAA-c Watyi+ Wudu Togo (Maritime; also Plateaux);
also Benin (Mono)
5
96-MAA-ca watyi watyi-gbe, waci-gbe, watchi, ouatchi Vogan Tabligbo Togo (Maritime; also Plateaux);
also Benin (Mono)
5
96-MAA-caa voga vo Vogan Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-cab anyro-kope Aziakpo-Kop Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-cac dagbati Dkpo Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-cad akumape Akoumap Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-cae tsekpo-dedekpoe Tchekpo-Ddkpo Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-caf axefe* Ahp Assiko Ahp Agblta Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-cag kuve Kouv Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-cah tabligbo Tabligbo Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-cai dedekpoe Mono left-bank (near Athim): Dedekpo Ahoho Benin (Mono)
96-MAA-caj kome Hv>N.: Com Oumako Benin (Mono)
96-MAA-cb wudu wudu-gbe, hudu Gbkon Glitho Togo (Plateaux)
96-MAA-d Gen Mono lower valley & mouth Togo (Maritime); Benin 5
96-MAA-da gen-gbe g, g-gbe, guin, gain, popo, exonym: mina, mina-gen Togo (Maritime); Benin
96-MAA-daa gliji Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-dab anexo Ancho, Anho Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-dac agoe agoi Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-dad popo Mono left-bank: Alonkoni Athim Guinkom Benin (Mono)
96-MAA-e Aja Mono valley Togo (Maritime); Benin (Mono;
Atlantique)
5
96-MAA-ea aja-gbe adja, adya Togo (Maritime); Benin (Mono;
Atlantique)
96-MAA-eaa dogbo dogbo-gbe Dogbo-Hahom Benin (Mono)
96-MAA-eab tado tago, tago-be Togo (Maritime)
96-MAA-eac hwe hwe-gbe, hou, hweda Togo (Maritime); Benin (Mono) 3
96-MAA-ead sikpi Togo or Benin

96-MAA-f Ayizo+ Xwla phla+ phera Benin (Mono; Atlantique; Oum) 5
96-MAA-fa movolo Benin (Mono)
96-MAA-fb se S Benin (Mono)
96-MAA-fc saxwe saphe, saxwe-gbe Benin (Mono)
96-MAA-fd ko ko-gbe Benin (Mono) 4
96-MAA-fe ci ci-gbe Benin (Mono)
96-MAA-ff xwla Benin (Mono)
96-MAA-ffa xwla-A. pla, phla, fla, hwla, hula Benin (Mono) 4
96-MAA-ffb xwela fera, phela, phera, xwela-gbe Benin (Mono)
96-MAA-ffc xweda xweda-gbe Benin (Mono) 4
96-MAA-fg kada kada-gbe Benin (Mono)
96-MAA-fh ayizo aiz, aizo, ayzo, ayizo-gbe Benin (Mono; Atlantique) 5
96-MAA-fi toli tori-nu Toli Benin (Oum; Atlantique)
96-MAA-fj tofin tofi-nu, tofin-gbe Benin (Oum; Atlantique)
96-MAA-g Fon+ Gun f+ g" Benin (Zou, Oum; Atlantique);
Nigeria (Ogun; Lagos); also Togo
6
96-MAA-ga fon-gbe Benin (Zou, Oum; Atlantique);
Nigeria (Ogun); also Togo
96-MAA-gaa fon-F. "standard" fon, fon-gbe, f-gbe, f, fonnu, in [51] Franais: dahomen Togo; Benin; also Togo 6*
96-MAA-gab maxi mahi, maxe, maxi-gbe Benin (Zou); also Togo 4
96-MAA-gac arohun Benin
96-MAA-gad kpase Benin
96-MAA-gae agbome Abomey Benin (Zou)
96-MAA-gaf glexwe Benin
96-MAA-gag weme-nu weme, weme-gbe Benin (Oum; Atlantique) 4
96-MAA-gah seto seto-gbe Benin (Oum); Nigeria (Ogun)
96-MAA-gb alada-gbe part of gun+ alada Alada, Allada Benin (Atlantique)
96-MAA-gc gun-gbe g", e-gun, gu-gbe, gu, goun, part of gun+ alada Alada Badagri
coast
Benin (Atlantique; Oum); Nigeria
(Lagos)

1999 / 2000 edition
97= DELTIC
phylozone
covers the "Niger-Delta" or "Deltoid" grouping, part of the
"Transafrican" continental affinity; comprising 2 sets of
languages (= 8 outer languages) spoken by communities in
coastal West Africa, in and around the Niger Delta:
97-A IZON+ KALABARI 97-B DEFAKA
These sets do not form part of the surrounding Volta-Congo
affinity covered by phylozone 98=Benuic.
Nigeria
6
97-A IZON+ KALABARI
set
"WIDER"-IJO, "wider" ijaw, part of 'ijoid', part of niger-delta Latin
script
97-AA IZON+ KALABARI
chain
97-AAA IZON net ijo "proper", ijo-W., ijaw-W.
97-AAA-a Izon i-zon, i-zo, u-zo, i-dzo, i-joh, i-dso, u-dso component idioms to be
subdivided under izon-NW. part of izon-CN. part of izon-CS. part
of izon-SW.
Nigeria (Rivers; Bendel) 5
97-AAA-aa mein part of izon-NW. Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-ab kabo patani Patani Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-ac tarakiri Nigeria (Bendel; Rivers)
97-AAA-aca tarakiri-W. Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-acb tarakiri-E. Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAA-ad tuomo part of izon-NW. Tuomo community is shifting its speech to Mein
variety of Izon
Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-ae o-peremo o-peremor Ekeremor Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-af seimbri seimbi, part of izon-NW. community is shifting its speech to Mein
variety of Izon
Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-ag kumbo Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-ah i-duwini e-duwini Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-ai o-gulagha o-gula Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-aj o-poroza gbaranmatu Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-ak o-gbe ogbe-ijo Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-al a-rogbo part of izon-SW. Arogbo Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-am e-gbema Egbema Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-an o-lodiama Nigeria (Bendel; Rivers)
97-AAA-ana o-lodiama-W. Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-anb o-lodiama-E. Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAA-ao furupagha Foropa* Nigeria (Bendel)
97-AAA-ap ijo-W. izon-W. Saforogbo environs western settlements in 3 enclaves Nigeria (Ondo)
97-AAA-aq kolokuma "standard" izon, part of izon-CN. Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAA-ar gbanrain gbanran Gbaran Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAA-as e-kpetiama Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAA-at i-kbiri i-kibiri Ikbiri Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAA-au boma Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAA-av bumo part of izon-CS. Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAA-aw a-poi Apoi Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAA-ax o-poroma Oporoma Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAA-ay o-iakiri Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAA-az o-gboin Ogboinbiri Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAB BISENI+ OKODIA net part of "wider" ijo
97-AAB-a Biseni+ Amegi Yenagoa district Nigeria (Rivers) 3
97-AAB-aa biseni buseni Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAB-ab amegi Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAB-b Okodia Nigeria (Rivers) 3
97-AAB-ba o-kodia o-kordia Nigeria (Rivers) 3
97-AAC ORUMA* net part of "wider" ijo
97-AAC-a Oruma Nigeria (Rivers) 3*
97-AAC-aa o-ruma Nigeria (Rivers)
97-AAD KALABARI+
NKOROO net
part of "wider" ijo
97-AAD-a Kalabari+ Ibani ijo-E. Nigeria (Rivers) 5
97-AAD-aa kalabari calabari Nigeria (Rivers) 5
97-AAD-ab i-bani u-bani, bonny Bonny Nigeria (Rivers) 4
97-AAD-ac o-krika kirike Okrika Nigeria (Rivers) 5

97-AAD-b Nkoroo Nigeria (Rivers) 3
97-AAD-ba nkoroo nkoro, kirike 2 Nigeria (Rivers) 3
97-AAE NEMBE+ AKASSA
net
part of "wider" ijo
97-AAE-a Nembe+ Akassa 'brass ijo' Nigeria (Rivers) 4
97-AAE-aa nembe nimbe, brass Nimbi Brass Nigeria (Rivers) 4
97-AAE-ab akassa ahasa between Nun Brass river-mouths Nigeria (Rivers) 3
97-B DEFAKA set* part of 'ijoid' Latin script
97-BA DEFAKA chain
97-BAA DEFAKA net
97-BAA-a Defaka Nigeria (Rivers) 3
97-BAA-aa defaka afakani Nigeria (Rivers) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
98= BENUIC
phylozone
covers the "Benue+East Kwa" reference area (the north-
western section of "old Benue-Congo", plus the eastern
section of "old Kwa") within the "Volta-Congo" affinity, within
the wider "Transafrican" continental affinity; comprising 11
sets of languages (= 209 outer languages) spoken by
communities in eastern West Africa, centered on the lower
Niger+ Benue basin, between the Togo Highlands and
Cameroon Highlands:
98-A YORUBA+ IGALA 98-B NUPE+ EBIRA
98-C IDOMA+ ETULO 98-D UKAAN+ AKUNNU*
98-E OGORI+ OSAYEN 98-F EDO+ OKPAMHERI
98-G IGBO+ EKPEYE 98-H AGWARA+ EZELLE
98-I HYAM+ TAROK 98-J IBIBIO+ BEKWARRA
98-K JUNAARE+ DAKA
A continuum of relationships among languages covered by
phylozones 98=Benuic and 99=Bantuic passes through the
transitional languages of the [98] Junaare+ Tagbo (Mambila+
Samba-Daka) chain.
Cameroon; Nigeria; Togo
7
98-A YORUBA+ IGALA set EDE #the prefix ede- (=language) can in principle be added to the
name of any language or dialect, or relevant place-name; it has recently
been used as a linguistic cover-name for Yoruba+ Igala Latin script
98-AA YORUBA+ IGALA
chain
98-AAA YORUBA+ IGALA net
98-AAA-a Yoruba+ Shekiri ede-yoruba+ i-shekiri internal classification to be reviewed Nigeria (Lagos; Oyo; Ogun; Ondo;
Ilorin; Kwara; Borgu; Bendel);
Benin (Zou, Oum); also Togo
(Plateaux; Maritime)
7
98-AAA-aa yoruba-F. "standard" yoruba, "literary" yoruba partially based on [98] Yoruba-C.
(ede-oyo) model
Nigeria; Benin
98-AAA-ab yoruba-G. "generalised" yoruba, "vehicular" yoruba with regional variations Nigeria; Benin 7
98-AAA-ac yoruba-W. Togo; Benin; Nigeria 6
98-AAA-aca ede-ica-togo ica-SW., itcha-SW., itsa-SW. Dadja Togo (Plateaux)
98-AAA-acb ede-ica-zou ica-NE., itcha-NE., itsa-NE. Baate district Benin (Zou) 4
98-AAA-acc ede-ife-togo ife-togo, ana-W., ife-ana-W., including tschetti djama dadja
Atakpam environs Kamina Dadja; Ese-Ana
Togo (Plateaux; Maritime) 4
98-AAA-acd ede-ife-zou ife-zou, ana-E., ife-ana-E., baate Baate Savalu districts Benin (Zou) 4
98-AAA-ace ede-idaca idaca, idasa, idaaca, idasha, idaisa, idaitsa, datcha, dasa Dasa-
Zume Glazuwe Save districts +influenced by [96] Fon
Benin (Zou) 4
98-AAA-acf ede-mokole mokole, mokoll, mokwale, monkole, manigri, fri Kandi district:
Manigri
Benin (Borgou) 4
98-AAA-acg ede-cabe cabe, cave, chabe, tchab, tsabe, shabe, sabe Save Wese
Cawuru districts
Benin (Zou; Borgou); also Nigeria
(Kwara) frontier
4
98-AAA-ach ede-nago-N. nago-N., anago-N. Bassila Alejo Dzugu districts Benin (Atakora)
98-AAA-aci ede-nago-S. nago-S., anago-S., including ajashe Ikpobe Itakete Ifanyin
Ikpinle Ketu districts
Benin (Oum) 5
98-AAA-acj ede-ije ije, holi, holli, ohori, je Ikpobe Zogbodome Wenxi Ilaro districts Benin (Oum; Zou); Nigeria
(Ogun)
4
98-AAA-ack ede-ketu ketu, ktou Ktou Meko Ikosi district Benin (Oum); Nigeria (Lagos)
98-AAA-acl ede-aguna aguna, awuna, agunaco Benin (Zou) 4
98-AAA-acm ede-awori awori, including e-gun, gun Etiosa Badagri districts Nigeria (Lagos); Benin (Oum)
frontier
98-AAA-acn ede-egba egba 2, including egbado Abeokuta Iboro Ilaro distinct from
[98] Kakanda+ Gbanmi (Egba)
Nigeria (Ogun)
98-AAA-ad yoruba-C. central yoruba Nigeria (Oyo; Kwara; Ogun; Lagos)
98-AAA-ada ede-onko-W. onko-W., shaki Shaki Nigeria (Oyo; also Kwara)
98-AAA-adb ede-onko-E. onko-E., "old" oyo Old Oyo Nigeria (Oyo; also Kwara)
98-AAA-adc ede-oyo oyo, ede-yoruba "proper", yoruba "proper", yooba, yariba, including
ibadan, etc. Ibadan Oyo Ilorin
Nigeria (Oyo; Kwara)
98-AAA-add ede-oshun osun Oshogbo Ogbomosho Ede Nigeria (Oyo)
98-AAA-ade ede-ijesha ijesha, Ilesa Ilesha Nigeria (Oyo)
98-AAA-adf ede-ife ife Ile-Ife Nigeria (Oyo)
98-AAA-adg ede-ijebu Ijebu country Ijebu-Ode Ijebu-Remo Nigeria (Ogun)
98-AAA-adh ede-eko Ekpe Lagos: lagoons & hinterland Nigeria (Lagos)
98-AAA-ae yoruba-CE. yoruba-CE. Nigeria (Ondo) 5
98-AAA-aea ede-ondo ondo Ondo Oke-Igbo Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-aeb ede-idanre idanre Idanre Nigeria (Ondo)

98-AAA-af yoruba-NE. yoruba-NE. Nigeria (Oyo; Kwara; Ondo) 6
98-AAA-afa ede-ibolo ibolo, igbolo Ofa Oda-Otin district Nigeria (Oyo; Kwara)
98-AAA-afb ede-igbomina igbomina, igbona, including ila Ila Irekpodun district Ifelodun
district
Nigeria (Oyo; Kwara)
98-AAA-afc ede-yagba yagba Oyi district: Yagba district Nigeria (Kwara)
98-AAA-afd ede-oworo oworo, kakanda, akanda Lokoja (Niger confluence right-bank)
Sunawa
Nigeria (Kwara)
98-AAA-afe ede-bunu bunu Kogi district Nigeria (Kwara)
98-AAA-aff ede-ikiri ikiri Nigeria (Kwara)
98-AAA-afg ede-gbede gbede Oyi district Nigeria (Kwara)
98-AAA-afh ede-egbe egbe Oyi district: Egbe Nigeria (Kwara)
98-AAA-afi ede-ijumu ijumu, dsumu, idsumu Oyi district Nigeria (Kwara)
98-AAA-afj ede-owe owe Oyi district: Kabba Nigeria (Kwara)
98-AAA-afk ede-ifaki ifaki Ero district Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-afl ede-ekiti including moba irun Ekiti district Nigeria (Ondo; also Kwara)
98-AAA-afm ede-akure akure Akure Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-afn ede-ukare ukare, ikare Akoko district: Ukare Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-afo ede-owo owo Owo Ifo Ipela Usho Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-afp ede-oba oba Oba Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-ag yoruba-SE. yoruba-SE. Nigeria (Ondo) 5
98-AAA-aga ede-ikale ikale Okititi-Kpukpa, Okitipupa Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-agb ede-ilaje ilaje Okitipupa district Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-agc ede-ijo-apoi ijo-apoi Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-ah i-shekiri i-tsekiri, i-sekiri, shekiri, chekiri, chekri, sekiri, jekri, i-were, warri, irhobo,
i-selema-otu, selema-otu, selemo +transition to [98] Yoruba-SE.
Warri West Benin divisions
Nigeria (Bendel) 5
98-AAA-b Arigidi+ Ayere akoko-N. Akoko North district also Kogi district Nigeria (Ondo) 4*
98-AAA-ba amgbe-oyin Oyin Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-bb amgbe-arigidi Arigidi Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-bc amgbe-uro Uro Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-bd amgbe-ahan ahaan Ajowa Igashi Omou Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-be amgbe-ayere Kogi district Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-bf amgbe-erushu erusu Erushu Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-bg amgbe-oke-agbe Oke-Agbe Nigeria (Ondo)
98-AAA-bga owon-eshe owon-ese, aje (Ondo)
98-AAA-bgb owon-udo udo, ido Udo (Ondo)
98-AAA-bgc owon-oge oge (Ondo)
98-AAA-bgd owon-afa afa, agfa, affa, amgbe-afa (Ondo)
98-AAA-c Igala Benue Niger valleys (confluence>SE.) Nigeria (Benue; Bendel; Anambra) 5
98-AAA-ca i-gala gala, i-gara, gara Nigeria (Benue; Bendel; Anambra) 5
98-AAA-caa ankpa Ankpa Nigeria (Benue)
98-AAA-cab i-dah Niger left-bank: Idah Nigeria (Benue)
98-AAA-cac e-bu Niger right-bank: Ebu Nigeria (Bendel)
98-AAA-cad i-baji Nigeria
98-AAA-cae u-lukwumi* Nigeria
98-B NUPE+ EBIRAset "niger-central", 'nupoid' Latin script
98-BA NUPE+ GBARI chain
98-BAA ASU net
98-BAA-a Asu Kontagora>S. Nigeria (Niger) 3*
98-BAA-aa asu ebe, abewa Nigeria (Niger)
98-BAB NUPE+ DIBO net
98-BAB-a Nupe Niger middle valley & hinterland Nigeria (Niger; Kwara; Benue;
Fed.Capital Terr.; also Anambra)
6
98-BAB-aa ezi-nupe-C. nife, a-nupe-cwayi, a-nupe-ri, nupen-ci, ampeyi, tapa, tappah, takpa;
nepe-ci-zhi, nupen-ci-zhi community
Nigeria (Niger; Kwara; also Benue;
Plateau; Anambra)
5
98-BAB-aaa ezi-nupe-F. "standard" nupe (Niger; Kwara)
98-BAB-aab kyedye-tifin gbede, gbedye, "upstream" kede; part of i-kyedye, "riverine" nupe
community Niger middle valley: Jebba island upstream
(Niger; Kwara)
98-BAB-aac kyedye-tako kyadya, kiadia, "downstream" kede, eyapa-ci-zhi, eyapa-ci-zi (=canoe-
people), part of i-kyedye, "riverine" nupe community Niger middle
valley: Jebba island downstream Muregi (+ Kaduna valley) Lokoja;
migration (as canoe-builders)> Onitsha
(Niger; Kwara; also Benue;
Anambra)
98-BAB-aad kusopa Labozhi district (Niger)
98-BAB-aae nupe-zam Kutigi>N. (Niger)
98-BAB-aaf benu Kutigi environs descendants of 18
th
cent. migrants from [02] Kanuri-
speaking area (Bornu country)
(Niger)
98-BAB-aag beni Kaduna valley & hinterland: Bida Kutigi Bataci (Niger)

1999 / 2000 edition
98-BAB-aah bata-ci bata-chi, bata-ci-zhi, part of "riverine" nupe community Niger middle
left-bank: Gbako Kaduna confluences upstream
Nigeria (Niger)
98-BAB-aai ebagi Niger middle right-bank: Pategi>W. Nigeria (Kwara)
98-BAB-aaj nupe-lafia Lafia migration as riverine traders in 19
th
cent. migration> (Plateau)
98-BAB-aak nupe-ibi Benue valley: Ibi environs migration as riverine traders in 19
th
cent. migration> (Gongola; Plateau)
98-BAB-ab gbedegi* Mokwa environs extinct Nigeria (Niger) 0
98-BAB-ac nupe-tako "downstream" nupe, ibara, 'bassa-nge' Niger+ Benue confluence:
Bassange Mozom districts
Nigeria (Kwara) 4
98-BAB-b Dibo+ Gupa between Gbako Gurara valleys, Agaie Sofon Lapai Gupa Nigeria (Niger; also Fed.Capital
Terr.)
4
98-BAB-ba dibo shitako, zi-tako, i-zhi-tako (=people down below), ganagana,
ganagawa community Lapai>S. many so-called Ganagana now
speak [98] Gbari
Nigeria (Niger; also Fed.Capital
Terr.)
4
98-BAB-bb kami Lapai>S.: Kami Nigeria (Niger) 2
99-BAB-bc gupa Gupa Atsu Kirikpo distinct from neighbouring [98] Kupa Nigeria (Niger)
99-BAB-bd agbi Gupa environs: Abugi Jankara Nigeria (Niger)
99-BAB-be edzu Pelemi environs: Edzu Nigeria (Niger)
98-BAB-c Eggan+ Cekpang Niger middle valley & right-bank hinterland: Pategi downstream Nigeria (Kwara) 3
98-BAB-ca eggan+ cekpang Nigeria (Kwara)
98-BAB-caa cekpang Pategi>SE. Nigeria (Kwara)
98-BAB-cab eggan eg Niger middle valley: Eggan & opposite bank Nigeria (Niger; Kwara) 3
98-BAB-cac kupa Eggan>S. distinct from neighbouring [98] Gupa Nigeria (Kwara)
98-BAB-d Kakanda+ Gbanmi Niger middle valley (both banks): Eggan Budon Gurara
confluence
Nigeria (Niger; Kwara) 4
98-BAB-da ka-kakanda kakanda, a-kanda +transition to [98] Gbari Nigeria (Niger; Kwara) 4
98-BAB-daa hyabe hyaba, e-habe #or perhaps an alternative name for ka-kakanda Nigeria (Niger and/or Kwara)
98-BAB-dab adyaktye #or perhaps an alternative name for ka-kakanda Nigeria (Niger and/or Kwara)
98-BAB-dac budon Niger middle right-bank: Budon Nigeria (Kwara)
98-BAB-db egba Gupa environs: Egba distinct from [98] Yoruba (ede-Egba) Nigeria (Niger)
98-BAB-dc gbanmi+ sokun Gbanmi Sokon Nigeria (Niger and/or Kwara)
98-BAC GBARI+ GBAGYI*
net
GWARI, in [19]Hausa: gwari, gwali internal classification to be
confirmed
98-BAC-a Gbari nkwa, gwari-W., gwari-yamma, gbari-yamma, gbari-yemma, gbari-botai,
botai #in [19] Hausa: yamma=west Kaduna valley (Kwange)
Minna Gurara valley (Kwali) +some intermingling with closely
related [98] Gbagyi-speaking community; formerly spoken further north
(submerged by [19] Hausa)
Nigeria (Niger; Plateau;
Fed.Capital Terr.)
6
98-BAC-aa kwange gbari-kwange, gbari-konge, kangye, kong, a-gbawi, wake, wi Kwange Nigeria (Niger)
98-BAC-ab paiko Paiko Shaku Nigeria (Niger)
98-BAC-ac jezhu Jazu Nigeria (Niger)
98-BAC-ad gayegi gbari-yamma-gayegi Nigeria (Niger)
98-BAC-ae wahe gbari-wahe, gbari-wi Nigeria (Niger)
98-BAC-af izem Izom Nigeria (Fed.Capital Terr.)
98-BAC-ag kwali Kwali Nigeria (Fed.Capital Terr.)
98-BAC-b Gbagyi gbagye, gwari-E., in [19]Hausa: gwari-matai, gwarin-ngenge, genge,
gyeng-gyeng, gyange, gyengen Kaduna valley. Minna>E. Diko
+some intermingling with closely related [98] Gbari-speaking
community; formerly spoken further north (submerged by [19] Hausa)
Nigeria (Niger; Kaduna; Plateau;
Fed.Capital Terr.; also Kwara)
5
98-BAC-ba karu Karu Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-BAC-bb kaduna Kaduna environs Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-BAC-bc kuta Kuta Nigeria (Niger)
98-BAC-bd vwezhi Wushishi* Nigeria (Niger*)
98-BAC-be diko Diko Nigeria (Kaduna; Plateau; Fed.Cap.
98-BAC-bf louome* Nigeria
98-BAC-bg tawari Koton Karifi district: Tawari, Taware Nigeria (Kwara; Niger)
98-BB GADE chain
98-BBA GADE net
98-BBA-a Gade Nassarawa>W.: Kuje environs Nigeria (Plateau; Fed.Capital Terr.) 5
98-BBA-aa gade gede, gode Nigeria (Plateau; Fed.Capital Terr.) 5
98-BC EBIRA+ ETUNO
chain
98-BCA EBIRA+ ETUNO net
98-BCA-a Ebira+ Etuno in [98]Yoruba: kotokori; ane-bira community Niger+ Benue
confluence>NE. & SW.
Nigeria (Kwara; Plateau; Bendel) 5
98-BCA-aa e-bira-okene Okene environs Nigeria (Kwara; also Bendel)
98-BCA-aaa i-hima (Kwara)
98-BCA-aab o-kengwe (Kwara)
98-BCA-aac o-dabi a-dabi Okene>W.: Adabi (Kwara)

98-BCA-aad ei-ka i-ka 2 Okene>NE.: Eika (Kwara)
98-BCA-aae e-kehi Ekehen (Kwara)
98-BCA-aaf e-gain* (Kwara)
98-BCA-ab e-tuno two widely separated enclaves (Bendel; Plateau)
98-BCA-aba igara Igara (Bendel)
98-BCA-abb nasarawa Nasarawa environs (Plateau)
98-BCA-ac e-bira-koto bira, i-gbira, i-gbirra, e-gbira, e-gbura, biri, egbira-inavi Koto
Karifi>NE. Tawari Toto Umaisha
Nigeria (Plateau; Kwara) 5
98-BCA-aca panda kwotto, koto, kwato Toto>S. (Plateau)
98-BCA-acb i-gu e-gu; including i-ka; e-bira "proper" Koton-Karifi Tawari environs (Kwara)
98-BCA-acc e-bira-nya near Lokoja fishing community (Kwara)
98-C IDOMA+ ETULO set 'idomoid'
98-CA IDOMA+ ETULO
chain
98-CAA ELOYI net
98-CAA-a Eloyi afo, aho, afu, afao, keffi, in [19] Hausa: afa, in [98] Idoma: epe
Nasarawa Loko Afo Doma Agatu districts
Nigeria (Plateau; also Benue) 4
98-CAA-aa eloyi-mbeci eloyi-mbekyi #-mbeki, mbekyi =of the rocks, hills Nigeria (Plateau)
98-CAA-aa eloyi-mbeji #-mbeji =of the land, lowland Nigeria (Plateau)
98-CAA-ab mbamu* Nigeria (Plateau or Benue)
98-CAB IDOMA+ IYALA net
98-CAB-a Idoma i-doma Nigeria (Benue; Plateau) 5
98-CAB-aa i-doma-N. agatu Agatu Ochekwu Adoka Awe district Nasarawa district Nigeria (Benue; Plateau) 5
98-CAB-aaa agatu-A. Agatu Nigeria (Benue)
98-CAB-aab ochekwu Ochekwu Nigeria (Benue)
98-CAB-ab i-doma-C. Oturkpo Okpokwu Nigeria (Benue) 5
98-CAB-aba akpoto (Benue)
98-CAB-abb oturkpo otukpa (Benue)
98-CAB-abc yangedde (Benue)
98-CAB-ac i-doma-W. Oturkpo Nigeria (Benue)
98-CAB-aca oturkpo-W. otukpa-W. Oturkpo>W. (Benue)
98-CAB-acb orukpa Orukpa (Benue)
98-CAB-ad i-doma-SW. okwoga (Benue)
98-CAB-ae i-doma-S. Nigeria (Benue)
98-CAB-aea igumale Igumale (Benue)
98-CAB-aeb igwaale agala Agala (Benue)
98-CAB-aec ijigbam (Benue)
98-CAB-b Alago arago, idoma-nokwu, aragu Awa Lafia districts -bilingual in [19]
Hausa
Nigeria (Plateau) 4
98-CAB-ba agwatashi Nigeria (Plateau)
98-CAB-bb assaikio Assaikio Nigeria (Plateau)
98-CAB-bc doma Doma Nigeria (Plateau)
98-CAB-bd keana Keana Nigeria (Plateau)
98-CAB-c Igede i-gedde, e-gede, e-gedde Okpokivu upper valley & eastwards: Oju
Otukpo Okpokwu districts
Nigeria (Benue; Cross River) 5
98-CAB-ca o-ju igede-C. (Benue) Nigeria (Benue)
98-CAB-cb i-to Nigeria (Benue and/or Cross River)
98-CAB-cc worku Nigeria (Benue and/or Cross River)
98-CAB-cd gabu Nigeria (Benue and/or Cross River)
98-CAB-d Iyala Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-CAB-da i-yala yala Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-CAB-daa i-yala-ogoja Ogoja (Cross River)
98-CAB-dab i-yala-ikom nkum Nkum (Cross River)
98-CAB-dac i-yala-obubra nkum-akpambe (Cross River)
98-CAC ETULO net
98-CAC-a Etulo Shitire Nyam-Atsor districts Nigeria (Benue) 3
98-CAC-aa e-tulo tulo, u-tur, e-tulu, e-ture, e-turo, turumawa Nigeria (Benue) 3
98-CAD AKPA+ IYACE net
98-CAD-a Akpa+ Iyace Oturkpo Ogoja districts Nigeria (Benue; Cross-River) 4
98-CAD-aa akpa akweya Akpa Nigeria (Benue) 3
98-CAD-aaa akpa-N. (Benue)
98-CAD-aab akpa-S. (Benue)
98-CAD-ab i-yace yace, yache, yatche Nigeria (Benue) 3
98-CAD-ac ekpari* yace-S. Ogoja district Nigeria (Cross River) 4

1999 / 2000 edition
98-D UKAAN+ AKUNNU*
set
akoko-S., ayka Latin script
98-DA AKUNNU+ EFIFA
chain
AKPES
98-DAA AKUNNU+ EFIFA net
98-DAA-a Akunnu+ Efifa ibaram+ efifa -bilingual in [98] Yoruba Nigeria (Ondo) 4*
98-DAA-aa akunnu akpes "proper" Akunnu, Akpes Nigeria (Ondo)
98-DAA-ab daja Daja Nigeria (Ondo)
98-DAA-ac efifa Efifa Nigeria (Ondo)
98-DAA-ad gedegede Gedegede Nigeria (Ondo)
98-DAA-ae i-baram Nigeria (Ondo)
98-DAA-af i-keram ikaram Nigeria (Ondo)
98-DAA-ag i-yani Nigeria (Ondo)
98-DB UKAAN+ ISHE chain "wider" ukaan, 'aika' #'aika' is an artificial cover-name, based on an
acronym of the component language-names
98-DBA UKAAN+ ISHE net
98-DBA-a Ukaan+ Ishe ikan -bilingual in [98] Yoruba Nigeria (Ondo) 4
98-DBA-aa i-she Ishe Nigeria (Ondo)
98-DBA-ab auga Auga Nigeria (Ondo)
98-DBA-ac ukaan ukaan "proper" Nigeria (Ondo)
98-DBA-aca i-k kakumo-aworo, kakumo-keji Kakumo-Aworo (Ondo)
98-DBA-acb u-k kakumo-akoko Kakumo-Akoko (Ondo)
98-DBA-ad anyaran Anyaran Nigeria (Ondo)
98-E OGORI+ OSAYEN set OKO Latin script
98-EA OGORI+ OSAYEN
chain
98-EAA OGORI+ OSAYEN
net
98-EAA-a Ogori+ Osayen oko Okene-SW. Nigeria (Kwara) 4
98-EAA-aa ogori oko "proper", uku Ogori Nigeria (Kwara) 3
98-EAA-ab osayen magongo, osanyin Magongo Nigeria (Kwara) 3
98-EAA-ac eni Nigeria (Kwara) 3
98-F EDO+ OKPAMHERI
set
Latin script
98-FA EDO+ OKPAMHERI
chain
98-FAA OKPAMHERI+
OKULOSHO net
'edoid'-N.
98-FAA-a Okpamheri+
Okulosho
Akoko-Edo division Nigeria (Bendel) 4
98-FAA-aa okulosho okurosho Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAA-aaa ojirami eekunu Ojirami (Bendel)
98-FAA-aab dagbala dangbala Dagbala (Bendel)
98-FAA-aac makeke Makake (Bendel)
98-FAA-aad oma* uuma, uma Uuma (Bendel)
98-FAA-aae oja oza Oja (Bendel)
98-FAA-ab okpamheri-W. opameri-W. Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAA-aba ekpe (Bendel)
98-FAA-abb bekuma (Bendel)
98-FAA-abc lankpese lampese, lankpeshi Lankpeshi (Bendel)
98-FAA-abd ibilo ibillo Ibillo (Bendel)
98-FAA-abe imoga imorga Imorga (Bendel)
98-FAA-abf eko ekon, ekor (Bendel)
98-FAA-abg ikaran-oke ikaram-oke (Bendel)
98-FAA-abh ebunn-oke (Bendel)
98-FAA-abi ikaran-ele ikaran-ile (Bendel)
98-FAA-abj ebunn-ugbo (Bendel)
98-FAA-abk ikpesa (Bendel)
98-FAA-abl igbo-ola-sale ugboshi-sale Ugbosi-Sale (Bendel)
98-FAA-abm aiyegunle oshi Aiyegunle (Bendel)
98-FAA-abn igbo-ola-oke ugboshi-oke Ugboshi-Oke (Bendel)
98-FAA-abo onumo onumu, unumo Onumu (Bendel)
98-FAA-abp ogugu Ogugu (Bendel)
98-FAA-abq ogbe-sale (Bendel)
98-FAA-abr ogbe-oke Oke-Ogbe (Bendel)
98-FAA-ac emhalhe emarle, somorika, semolika Semolika (Bendel)

98-FAA-b Okpe+ Akuku Akoko-Edo division Nigeria (Bendel) 3*
98-FAA-ba okpe-N. distinct from [98] Okpe-S. Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAA-bb idesa Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAA-bc oloma Oloma Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAA-bd akuku Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAB UKUE+ IYAYU net 'edoid'-NW., osse Nigeria (Ondo; Kwara)
98-FAB-a Aduge Oyi district Nigeria (Kwara) 3
98-FAB-aa aduge Nigeria (Kwara)
98-FAB-b Ukue+ Ehueun Osse upper right-bank Nigeria (Ondo) 3*
98-FAB-ba ukue ukpe, ikpe Ukpe, Ikpe Nigeria (Ondo)
98-FAB-bb ehueun ehuen, ekpenmen, ekpenmi, epenmi, epinmi Ekpennen, Ekpinmi Nigeria (Ondo)
98-FAB-c Iyayu+ Uhami Osse upper right-bank Nigeria (Ondo) 3*
98-FAB-ca uhami Ishua Nigeria (Ondo)
98-FAB-cb iyayu Idoani Nigeria (Ondo)
98-FAC EDO+ ESAN net "WIDER"-EDO, 'edoid'-CN.
98-FAC-a Ososo* Ososo Nigeria (Bendel) 3*
98-FAC-aa ososo Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-b Uneme Nigeria (Bendel) 4*
98-FAC-ba uneme ileme, ineme, uleme Etsako Agbazko Akoko-Edo districts Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-baa uneme-W. (Bendel)
98-FAC-bab uneme-E. Niger right-bank (Bendel)
98-FAC-c Yekhee i-yekhee; etsako; etsakor; iyekhee; afenmai; 'kukuruku' Nigeria (Bendel) 5
98-FAC-ca auchi Auchi Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-cb uzairue Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-cc ibie-S. ivbie-S. Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-cd uwepa-uwano weppa-wano Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-ce avianwu fugar Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-cf aviele Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-cg ivhiadaobi Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-d Ghotuo Owan Akoko-Edo divisions Nigeria (Bendel) 4
98-FAC-da ghotuo otwa, otuo, including arokho ikao Nigeria (Bendel) 4
98-FAC-e Sasaru+ Enwan* Akoko-Edo division Nigeria (Bendel) 3
98-FAC-ea enwan Enwan Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-eb sasaru Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-ec igwe Igwe Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-f Arhe+ Okpela* Atte Etsako Akoko-Edo divisions Nigeria (Bendel) 4*
98-FAC-fa ivbie-N. ibie-N. Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-fb okpela Akpela Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-fc arhe ate, atte "proper" Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-g Ikpeshi Etsako districts Nigeria (Bendel) 4*
98-FAC-ga ikpeshi ikpeshe, ekpeshe Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-h Ora+ Iuleha kunibum Owan Akoko-Edo Ishan West Benin East Benin
districts
Nigeria (Bendel) 4
98-FAC-ha ivhimion ivbiosakon community Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-hb emai Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-hc iuleha Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-hd ora Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-i Esan+ Ekpon Agbazko Okpebho Orhionmwon Oshimili Aniocha districts
other idioms to be added
Nigeria (Bendel) 4
98-FAC-ia esan ishan, es, anwain Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-ib ekpon Ekpon Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-ic igueben Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAC-j Edo Bini, edo "proper" Ovia Oredo Orhionmwon districts Nigeria (Bendel) 6
98-FAC-ja edo oviedo, ovioba, bini, benin Nigeria (Bendel) 6
98-FAD URHOBO+ ERUWA
net
'edo'-SW.
98-FAD-a Okpe-S. Okpe distinct from [98] Okpe-N. Nigeria (Bendel) 4*
98-FAD-aa okpe-S. Nigeria (Bendel)
98-FAD-b Urhobo+ Isoko 'sobo', 'biotu' Nigeria (Bendel) 5
98-FAD-ba urhobo Ethiope Ughelli areas Nigeria (Bendel) 5
98-FAD-baa urhobo-A. (Bendel)
98-FAD-bab agbarho (Bendel)
98-FAD-bb isoko igabu, igabo, "central" isoko, "standard" urhobo+ isoko Isoko
Ndokwa areas
Nigeria (Bendel) 5

1999 / 2000 edition
98-FAD-c Uvbie West Urhobo division Nigeria (Bendel) 3
98-FAD-ca uvbie uvwie, evrie, uvhria, effurun, 'evhro' Nigeria (Bendel) 3
98-FAD-d Eruwa -translingual in [98] Isoko, which is submerging Eruwa Isoko
division
Nigeria (Bendel) 3*
98-FAD-da eruwa erohwa, erakwa, arokwa Nigeria (Bendel) 3*
98-FAE DEGEMA+ EPIE net 'delta edoid'
98-FAE-a Ngene+ Ogua "wider" ngene Ahoada Yenagoa divisions Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-FAE-aa ngene engenni, egene Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-FAE-ab ediro Nigeria (Rivers)
98-FAE-ac inedua Nigeria (Rivers)
98-FAE-ad ogua Nigeria (Rivers)
98-FAE-b Epie+ Atissa Yenagoa district Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-FAE-ba epie Nigeria (Rivers) 3
98-FAE-bb atissa Nigeria (Rivers) 3
98-FAE-c Degema Kalabari division Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-FAE-ca u-dekama dekama, degema "proper" Degema Nigeria (Rivers)
98-FAE-cb atala Nigeria (Rivers)
98-FAE-cc u-sokun kala-degema Nigeria (Rivers)
98-G IGBO+ EKPEYE set Latin script
98-GA IGBO+ EKPEYE
chain
98-GAA IGBO+ IKWERE net 'igboid'
98-GAA-a Igbo-C. ibo-C. Nigeria (Anambra; Imo; Rivers ) 7
98-GAA-aa igbo-F. "standard" igbo-C. Owerri+ Umuahia model Nigeria
98-GAA-ab 'union'-igbo "old standard" igbo former compromise written standard, now
abandoned
Nigeria
98-GAA-ac igbo-G. "generalised" central igbo, "vehicular" central igbo Nigeria
98-GAA-ad igbo-CN. "upper" igbo Nigeria (Anambra) 6
98-GAA-ada nsukka Nsukka Nigeria
98-GAA-adb enugu Enugu Nigeria
98-GAA-adc awaka Awaka Nigeria
98-GAA-add onitsha Onitsha Nigeria
98-GAA-ade afikpo Afikpo Nigeria
98-GAA-adf orlu Orlu Nigeria
98-GAA-ae igbo-CS. "lower" igbo Nigeria (Imo, Rivers ) 6
98-GAA-aea isu-ama Owerri Nigeria
98-GAA-aeb ohuhu Umuahia Nigeria
98-GAA-aec ngwa-S. Nigeria
98-GAA-aed isu-item Nigeria
98-GAA-aee egbema ebema Egbema Nigeria
98-GAA-aef eche ece, etche, echie Nigeria
98-GAA-aeg igbo-delta delta igbo Bonny River delta (Delta)
98-GAA-b Ika+ Enuani igbo-NW. Nigeria (Bendel) 5*
98-GAA-ba ika ika "proper", including agbor; "standard" ika Ika Nigeria (Bendel)
98-GAA-bb enuani "river" ika Nigeria (Bendel)
98-GAA-c Ukwuani+ Aboh igbo-W. Nigeria (Bendel) 5*
98-GAA-ca aboh Nigeria (Bendel)
98-GAA-cb ukwuani ukuani, ukwani, ukwali, kwale Kwale Nigeria (Bendel)
98-GAA-d Ogba+ Egi igbo-SW. Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-GAA-da egi Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-db ogba ogbah Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-dba ogba-W. (Rivers)
98-GAA-dbb ogba-SE. ogba-S., ogba-E. (Rivers)
98-GAA-e Ikwere ikwerre, ikwerri, igbo-S., part of "peripheral" igbo Nigeria (Rivers) 5
98-GAA-ea obio Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-eb akpo Akpo Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-eba obiopo akpo "proper" (Rivers)
98-GAA-ebb mgbu (Rivers)
98-GAA-ebc tolu (Rivers)
98-GAA-ec ogbakiri Ogbakiri Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-ed emowhua Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-ee ndele Ndelle Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-ef elele Elele Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-eg omerelu Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-eh egbeda Egbeda Nigeria (Rivers)

98-GAA-ei aluu Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-ej igwuruta Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-ek ibaa Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-el isiokpo Isiokpo Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-em omagwa Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAA-f Igbo-E.* "cross-river" igbo, ungwana, part of "peripheral" igbo Nigeria (Imo) 5*
98-GAA-fa ada edda Ada Nigeria (Imo)
98-GAA-fb abam including ohaffia, ohafya Nigeria (Imo)
98-GAA-fc aro Ado Nigeria (Imo)
98-GAA-g Igbo-NE. Nigeria (Anambra; also Imo) 5
98-GAA-ga ishielu* Nigeria (Anambra)
98-GAA-gb ezaa eza Nigeria (Anambra) 5
98-GAA-gc ikwo Nigeria (Anambra) 5
98-GAA-gd mgbo mbo, ngbo Nigeria (Anambra) 4
98-GAA-ge izi izzi Nigeria (Anambra) 5
98-GAB EKPEYE net
98-GAB-a Ekpeye Ahoada Ogba-Egbema districts Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-GAB-aa ako Ako Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAB-ab upata Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAB-ac ubye Nigeria (Rivers)
98-GAB-ad igbuduyaa Nigeria (Rivers)
98-H AGWARA+ EZELLE
set
kamberi+ jera, kainji, cara, "niger-plateau" Latin script
98-HA AGWARA+ RUBASA
chain
kainji-W.
98-HAA KIRIKJIR+ LARU net kainji-"lake"
98-HAA-a Kirikjir+ Laru Kainji-W. lake Nigeria (Kwara) 3*
98-HAA-aa kirikjir lopa, lupa, djiri, in [19] Hausa: lopawa community Niger river-islands Nigeria (Kwara) 3*
98-HAA-ab laru in [19] Hausa: laranchi; larawa community Nigeria (Kwara) 3*
98-HAB TSURESHE net
98-HAB-a Tsureshe reshe, tsu-reja; ba-reshe community Niger (Yelwa) Kainji left-bank Nigeria (Sokoto; Kwara) 4
98-HAB-aa yauri Nigeria (Sokoto)
98-HAB-ab gunga in [19] Hausa: gunganci, gunganwa community Nigeria (Sokoto; Kwara)
98-HAC AGWARA+ TSIGADI
net
KAMBERI, kambari, kamberri, in [19] Hausa: kamberci
98-HAC-a Agwara+ Agaushi kambari-W., mawuchi, agaushi+ ngwanci Kainji-S. lake Nigeria (Niger; Sokoto) 5*
98-HAC-aa agwara+ ngwa Nigeria (Niger; Sokoto)
98-HAC-aaa agwara in [19] Hausa: agara'iwa community Agwarra (Niger; Sokoto)
98-HAC-aab ngwa-N. in [19] Hausa: ngwaci, ngweci, ngwanci (Niger)
98-HAC-ab agaushi+ tsikimba auna Auna Nigeria (Niger)
98-HAC-aba agaushi (Niger)
98-HAC-abb tsi-kimba kimba; a-kimba community (Niger)
98-HAC-b Tsigadi+ Cibaangi kamberi-E. Kontagora division Nigeria (Niger) 5*
98-HAC-ba ci-shingini* shingini, chi-shingini, chi-shingyini, salka; a-shinginai, a-shingini, a-
shaganna community
Nigeria 0*
98-HAC-bb tsi-vadi vadi, e-vadi, i-beto, i-betu; a-vadi, a-badi community Nigeria
98-HAC-bc tsi-gadi gadi, kakihum; a-gadi community Gadi Nigeria
98-HAC-bd ci-baangi baangi Nigeria (Niger) 4
98-HAD ETHUN+ ETKAG net
98-HAD-a Etkag+ Etfer Dabai Fakai divisions Nigeria (Sokoto) 4
98-HAD-aa et-kag+ koor puku, faka, fakai, fakara, in [19] Hausa: fakanci; fakawa community Nigeria (Sokoto) 4
98-HAD-aaa et-kag kag, puku-nu, puku "proper" (Sokoto)
98-HAD-aab et-maror maror, -ror, in [19] Hausa: tudanci (Sokoto)
98-HAD-aac koor kulu Koor (Sokoto)
98-HAD-ab et-jiir+ kur geeri Ugeeri Nigeria (Sokoto)
98-HAD-aba et-jiir geeri-ni, geeri "proper", gela, serim, in [19] Hausa: gelanci; gelewa
community
(Sokoto)
98-HAD-abb kur keri-ni, kuri, kela, adoma, kellini; in [19] Hausa: kelawa community (Sokoto)
98-HAD-ac et-fer wipsi, wipsi-ni Kukum Nigeria (Sokoto)
98-HAD-aca et-fer fer (Sokoto)
98-HAD-acb zuksun zussun, zusu (Sokoto)
98-HAD-ad et-us* us Nigeria (Sokoto)

1999 / 2000 edition
98-HAD-b Lyase lyase-ne, banga; a-baangi community; in [19] Hausa: banganci;
bangawa community Zuru-Donka district
Nigeria (Sokoto; also Niger) 3
98-HAD-ba gwamhi gwamfi, in [19] Hausa: gwamfanci; gwamfawa community Nigeria
98-HAD-bb wuri in [19] Hausa: wuranci, wurawa community Nigeria
98-HAD-c Chilela+ Adoma Dakarkari, dakakari, dakkarkari Zuru Kontagora divisions Nigeria (Sokoto; Niger) 4
98-HAD-ca chi-lela lela "proper", lila, c-lela, ko-lela, chi-lala, cala-cala, Nigeria
98-HAD-cb dabai Dabai Nigeria
98-HAD-cc a-doma doma Doma Nigeria
98-HAD-cca roma-na Nigeria
98-HAD-ccb yelmo Nigeria
98-HAD-d Ethun+ Essaare Duka, in [19] Hausa: dukanci; dukawa community Zuru division: Rijau
district Yauri division Sokoto division: Kuyambana district
Kontagora division
Nigeria (Sokoto; Niger) 4*
98-HAD-da et-hun hun, hune, duka-W. Nigeria
98-HAD-db es-saare saare, duka-E. Nigeria
98-HAE TEGINA+ TARYA net "WIDER"-KAMUKU -bilingual in [19] Hausa
98-HAE-a Tacep+ Taboroma 'a-chipa', 'a-cipa' community; in [19] Hausa: acipanci; acipawa
community
Nigeria (Sokoto; Niger; Kaduna) 3
98-HAE-aa ta-cep cep, to-chipo, 'achipa'-W. Sakaba district: Kumbashi Kakihum
Karisen
Nigeria (Niger; Kaduna) 3
98-HAE-ab ta-boroma boroma, 'achipa'-E. Birnin Gwari district Nigeria (Niger; Kaduna) 3
98-HAE-aba randeggi Randeggi (Niger; Kaduna)
98-HAE-abb bobi Bobi (Niger)
98-HAE-b Tegina+ Regi* kamuku "proper" Nigeria (Niger; Kaduna) 4
98-HAE-ba te-gina gina, jinda, ma-jinda, ma-kangara; u-cinda community Tegina
district
Nigeria (Niger; Kaduna)
98-HAE-bb regi u-regi community Uragi district Nigeria (Niger)
98-HAE-bc kuki Nigeria
98-HAE-c Hungworo Rafi district Nigeria (Niger) 3
98-HAE-ca hungwor-o ngwoi, ngwe, nkwoi, ingwo, ingwe, ungwe Nigeria (Niger) 3
98-HAE-d Fungwa Rafi district Nigeria (Niger) 3*
98-HAE-da fungwa ura, ula Nigeria (Niger) 3*
98-HAE-e Tarya Pongu Rafi Gumna Tegina districts: small settlements between
Kusheriki Zungeru and around Sabon Gari Pangu
Nigeria (Niger) 4
98-HAE-ea t-arya pongo, pangu, arringeu, tara; arya community dialects to be
distinguished
Nigeria (Niger) 4
98-HAE-f Shama+ Sambuga Rafi Mariga Birnin Gwari districts Nigeria (Niger) 3
98-HAE-fa shama Nigeria (Niger) 3*
98-HAE-fa sambuga Nigeria (Niger) 3*
98-HAF BAUSHI+ GURMANA
net
98-HAF-a Baushi Kuta Tegina districts Nigeria (Niger) 3
98-HAF-aa baushi bauci, kushi, bushi, bauchi Nigeria (Niger) 3
98-HAF-b Gurmana Shiroro district Nigeria (Niger) 3*
98-HAF-ba gurmana Nigeria (Niger)
98-HAG RUBASA+ GUMNA*
net
BASA, bassa covering a series of scattered communities -bilingual
in [19] Hausa
98-HAG-a Basa-Kaduna gwadara-bassa, bassa-kuta, bassa-kaduna presumed extinct (no
fluent speakers in late 1980's)
Nigeria (Niger; Plateau) 0*
98-HAG-aa basa-kaduna-W. Chanchaga district Nigeria (Niger)
98-HAG-ab basa-kaduna-E. Nassarawa district Nigeria (Plateau)
98-HAG-b Gumna+ Kontagora near extinction (10 speakers in late 1980's) Nigeria (Niger) 1
98-HAG-ba basa-kontagora bassa-kontagora Mariga district near extinction (10 speakers in late
1980's)
Nigeria (Niger) 1*
98-HAG-bb basa-gumna between Tegina Zungeru Nigeria (Niger) 1
98-HAG-c Koromba Minna environs: Kafin Gurmana Nigeria (Niger) 1*
98-HAG-ca koromba basa-gurara (Niger)
98-HAG-d Rubasa ru-basa, basa-benue, bassa-benue, a-batsa, a-bacha, basa-'kwomu',
bassa-'kwomu', bassa-'komo'
Nigeria (Benue; Plateau; also Fed.
Capital Terr.)
5
98-HAG-da ru-basa-S. Benue left-bank (Benue)
98-HAG-db ru-basa-N. including basa-gurara in 2 or more enclaves, including Gurara valley (Plateau)
98-HAG-dc ru-basa-NE. Lafia>W. (Plateau)
98-HAG-e Basa-Makurdi (Plateau) 1*
98-HAG-ea basa-makurdi Makurdi>W. (Plateau)

98-HB EZELLE+ TIMAP
chain
kainji-E.
98-HBA EZELLE+ KUDU net part of jos-N.
98-HBA-a Kudu+ Camo kuda+ chamo Ningi district Nigeria (Bauchi) 2*
98-HBA-aa kudu kuda, in [19] Hausa: kudawa community Nigeria (Bauchi)
98-HBA-ab camo chamo Nigeria (Bauchi)
98-HBA-b Gamo+ Ningi buta+ ningi Ningi district -bilingual in [19] Hausa near extinction Nigeria (Bauchi) 1*
98-HBA-ba gamo buta, m-buta, m-botu, ba-buche, ba-m-butu, in [19] Hausa: butawa
community
(Bauchi)
98-HBA-bb ningi in [19] Hausa: ningawa community (Bauchi)
98-HBA-c Gyem Lame district Nigeria (Bauchi) 2*
98-HBA-ca gyem gyema, gema, in [19] Hausa: gyemawa, gemawa community Nigeria (Bauchi) 2*
98-HBA-d Taura+ Takaya* Toro district Nigeria (Bauchi) 1
98-HBA-da ta-ura near extinction Nigeria (Bauchi) 1
98-HBA-db ta-kaya extinct Nigeria (Bauchi) 0
98-HBA-e Sheni Lere district Nigeria (Kaduna) 2*
98-HBA-ea sheni shani, shaini, asennize Nigeria (Kaduna) 2*
98-HBA-f Izora i-zora Jere district Nigeria (Plateau) 2*
98-HBA-fa i-zora zora, a-zora, chokobo, cokobo, chikobo, cikobu; nda-zora community;
in [19] Hausa: cokobanci; ba-cokobi person
Nigeria (Plateau) 2*
98-HBA-g Ezelle+ Emoro* Jera Jere Jama'a districts Nigeria (Plateau; Bauchi) 3
98-HBA-ga e-moro moro, including ano-wuru; le-moro, li-moro, li-morro person, ane-moro
community
Nigeria (Plateau; Bauchi) 3
98-HBA-gb i-sanga sanga, sannga, gusu, gussum, a-sanga; ani-bau, ano-sangobari
community; in [19] Hausa: guzawa, gesawa community
Nigeria (Bauchi) 3
98-HBA-gc e-zelle zelle, jere, jeere, jera "proper", jenge, jengre; ana-zelle, a-zelle
community; in [19] Hausa: ba-jere person, jeriyawa community
Nigeria (Bauchi) 3
98-HBA-gd e-boze boze, buji; una-beze person, ana-beze community Nigeria (Bauchi) 3
98-HBA-ge i-bunu bunu, na-rabuna, na-rabunu, ribina, rebina; ano-rubuna community Nigeria (Bauchi) 3
98-HBA-gf gurum gurrum; ane-gorom community Gurum Nigeria (Bauchi) 2
98-HBA-h Duguza Toro district Nigeria (Bauchi) 3
98-HBA-ha duguza dugusa Duguza Nigeria (Bauchi) 3
98-HBA-i Iguta Gwong district Nigeria (Plateau) 3
98-HBA-ia i-guta guta, na-ra-guta; una-guta person, ana-guta community; in [19] Hausa:
naragutawa community
Nigeria (Plateau) 3
98-HBA-j Tijanji Rukuba district Nigeria (Plateau) 2
98-HBA-ja ti-janji janji, jenji; u-janji person; ana-fe-janji, a-janji community Nigeria (Plateau) 2
98-HBB TIKURAMI+
SURUBU net
KAURU, part of jos-N.
98-HBB-a Tikurami ti-kurami Saminaka division: Kauru district Nigeria (Bauchi) 4
98-HBB-aa ti-kurami kurami, tu-kurami, kurama, kurumi, ti-kurumi, part of bagwama; bu-
kurumi person, a-kurumi, a-kurmi, a-zumu community
Nigeria (Bauchi) 4
98-HBB-b Tiruma tu-ruma Saminaka division: Kauru district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-HBB-ba tu-ruma ruma, ru-ruma, ru-rama, part of bagwama Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-HBB-c Mala Saminaka division: Kauru district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-HBB-ca mala a-mala, ru-maya, ru-maiya Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-HBB-d Kitimi Saminaka division: Kauru district Nigeria (Kaduna) 2
98-HBB-da ki-timi tumi Nigeria (Kaduna) 2
98-HBB-e Igbiri+ Niragu gure+ kahugu Saminaka division: Lere district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-HBB-ea i-gbiri gbiri, gure, gura, a-gari, a-gbiri Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-HBB-eb niragu kahugu, kafugu, kagu, kapugu, ani-rago Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-HBB-f Kaivi Saminaka division: Kauru district Nigeria (Kaduna) 2
98-HBB-fa kaivi kaibi Nigeria (Kaduna) 2
98-HBB-g Dungi Saminaka division: Kauru district Nigeria (Kaduna) 2
98-HBB-ga dungi dingi, dwingi; in [19] Hausa: dunjawa community Nigeria (Kaduna) 2
98-HBB-h Kiballo Saminaka division: Kauru district Nigeria (Kaduna) 2
98-HBB-ha kiballo kiwollo, vono Nigeria (Kaduna) 2
98-HBB-i Kono Saminaka division: Kauru district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-HBB-ia kono konu, kwono Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-HBB-j Kinuku Saminaka division: Kauru district Nigeria (Kaduna) 2
98-HBB-ja kinuku kinugu, kinuka Nigeria (Kaduna) 2
98-HBB-k Bina Saminaka division: Lere district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-HBB-ka bina bogana; in [19] Hausa: binawa community Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-HBB-l Surubu Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-HBB-la surubu fiti, srubu, skrubu, zurubu Nigeria (Kaduna) 3

1999 / 2000 edition
98-HBB-m Rishuwa+
Kuzamani*
kauru Saminaka division: Kauru district Nigeria (Bauchi) 3*
98-HBB-ma ku-zamani Nigeria (Bauchi)
98-HBB-mb ri-shuwa shuwa Nigeria (Bauchi)
98-HBC TIMAP net
98-HBC-a Timap amo Jos division: Amo district Saminaka division: Lere district Nigeria (Plateau; Kaduna) 5*
98-HBC-aa ti-map ba, amo, among; ku-map person, a-map community Nigeria (Plateau; Kaduna)
98-HBD PITI+ ATSAM net piti+ chawai Saminaka division: Lere district
98-HBD-a Piti+ Riban Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-HBD-aa piti pitti, abisi, bisi Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-HBD-ab ri-ban ribam Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-HBD-b Atsam Kachia district Nigeria (Kaduna) 4
98-HBD-ba atsam chawe, chawi, chawai, cawe, cawai, cawi Nigeria (Kaduna) 4
98-I HYAM+ TAROK set 'platoid' Latin script
98-IA HYAM+ IZERE chain
98-IAA KADARA+ IKU net "plateau"-N.
98-IAA-a Kadara k-adara Kajuru Kachia Chanchaga district Nigeria (Kaduna; Niger) 4
98-IAA-aa k-ajuru j-ajuru, ajure, part of k-adara-N. Kajuru district Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAA-ab iri part of k-adara-N. Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAA-ac kachia k-adara-C. Kachia district Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAA-ad minna k-adara-S. Chanchaga district Nigeria (Niger)
98-IAA-b Doka Kachia district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3*
98-IAA-ba doka Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAA-c Idon Kachia district: Idon Nigeria (Kaduna) 3*
98-IAA-ca i-don idong, idun Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAA-d Kuturmi Kachia district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3*
98-IAA-da kuturmi ada Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAA-e Iku+ Ankwa Kachia district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3*
98-IAA-ea i-ku (Kaduna)
98-IAA-eb gora (Kaduna)
98-IAA-ec ankwa Ankuwa (Kaduna)
98-IAA-f Kulu Kachia district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3*
98-IAA-fa i-kulu i-kolu, an-kulu (Kaduna)
98-IAB HYAM+ YESKWA net "plateau"-NW.
98-IAB-a Begbere+ Ejar* koro, koro-ija, koro-afiki classification to be confirmed Kagarko
Kwoi districts Minna division
Nigeria (Kaduna; Fed.Capital Terr.;
Niger)
5
98-IAB-aa ashe (Kaduna)
98-IAB-ab ala (Kaduna)
98-IAB-ac begbere (Kaduna)
98-IAB-ad ejar (Kaduna)
98-IAB-ae mia-mia miya-miya (Kaduna)
98-IAB-b Idun Jema'a district Nigeria (Kaduna) 5
98-IAB-ba i-dun a-dong, l-ungu, ungu (Kaduna) 5
98-IAB-c Yeskwa Jema'a Keffi districts Nigeria (Kaduna; Plateau) 4
98-IAB-ca yeskwa yasgua (Kaduna; Plateau) 4
98-IAB-d Hyam+ Shamang Jema'a Kwoi Kachia Zangon-Katab districts Nigeria (Kaduna) 4
98-IAB-da hyam hum, jaba, jabba, jeba Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAB-db chori cori Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAB-dc shamang samban Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAB-dd zhire kenyi Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAB-e Kamanton Zangon-Katab district Nigeria (Kaduna) 4*
98-IAB-ea ka-manton ka-mantam, angan Nigeria (Kaduna) 4*
98-IAB-f Kagoma Jema'a district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-IAB-fa ka-goma gwong, gyong, kwong, agoma Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-IAC NINZAM+ KUCHE net part of "southwest plateau"
98-IAC-a Mada Mada Kokona Jema'a districts Nigeria (Plateau; Kaduna) 4
98-IAC-aa mada yidda, madda Nigeria (Plateau; Kaduna) 4
98-IAC-b Ninzam Jema'a Wamba districts Nigeria (Kaduna; Plateau) 4
98-IAC-ba ninzam ninzo, nunzo, gbhu Nigeria (Kaduna; Plateau) 4
98-IAC-c Numana+ Gwantu sanga Jema'a district Nigeria (Kaduna; also Plateau) 4
98-IAC-ca nunku Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAC-cb numana nimana Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAC-cc gwantu gwanto Jema'a district Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAC-cd numbu Nigeria (Kaduna)

98-IAC-d Kanufi+ Nidem Jema'a district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3*
98-IAC-da kanufi karshi Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAC-db i-nidem nidem, nindem Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAC-dc kaningkon kaningkom, kaninkwom Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAC-e Kuche Rukuba Rukuba district Nigeria (Plateau) 4
98-IAC-ea ku-che ce, ku-ce, sale, inchazi, inchasi; a-che person, ba-che community Nigeria (Plateau) 4
98-IAC-f Kwanka+ Legeri Nigeria (Plateau; Bauchi) 5
98-IAC-fa kwanka kadun Kadun district Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAC-fb boi tiya Lere district Nigeria (Bauchi)
98-IAC-fc bijim Lere district Nigeria (Bauchi)
98-IAC-fd legeri Pankshin district Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAC-g Shall+ Zwall Lere district Nigeria (Bauchi) 3*
98-IAC-ga shall shal Nigeria (Bauchi)
98-IAC-gb zwall Nigeria (Bauchi)
98-IAC-h Pai Pai district Nigeria (Plateau) 3
98-IAC-ha pai dalong Nigeria (Plateau) 3
98-IAD NUNGU+ EGGON net part of "southwest plateau"
98-IAD-a Yashi Akwanga district Nigeria (Plateau) 2
98-IAD-aa yashi Nigeria (Plateau) 2
98-IAD-b Ibut Wamba district Nigeria (Plateau) 2*
98-IAD-ba i-but jida-abu, jidda-abu, nakare Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAD-c Nungu+ Rindre Wamba district Nigeria (Plateau) 4
98-IAD-ca nungu wamba Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAD-cb rindre rendre, rindiri, lindiri Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAD-cc gudi Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAD-d Eggon+ Ngala mada Eggon Assaiko districts Nigeria (Plateau) 5
98-IAD-da mada-eggon "hill" mada, egon; m-egong community Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAD-db mata-tarwa Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAD-dc mate-ngala Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAD-e Ake Lafia district Nigeria (Plateau) 2
98-IAD-ea ake akye, aike, hake Nigeria (Plateau) 2
98-IAE AYU net
98-IAE-a Ayu Jema'a district Nigeria (Plateau) 3
98-IAE-aa ayu aya Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAF GYELL+ TEN net "plateau"-CN.
98-IAF-a Ten Barakin Ladi Jema'a districts Nigeria (Plateau; Kaduna) 3
98-IAF-aa ten ni-ten, e-tien, ganawuri, jal; a-ten person; ni-ten community (Plateau; Kaduna) 3
98-IAF-b Gyell+ Du Berom, chen-be-rom, bi-rom, bii-room, be-rom, be-rum, bu-rum, gbang,
kibo, kibbo, kibbun, kibyen, aboro, boro-aboro, afango, 'shosho'; wo-
rom person, be-rom community Kabong Jos Gyel Du
Vwang Kuru Forom Bachit Riyom Heipang Ropp Fan
Jema'a districts
Nigeria (Plateau; Kaduna) 5
98-IAF-ba gyell+ vwang Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAF-baa gyell ngell Gyel district (Plateau)
98-IAF-bab kuru Kuru district (Plateau)
98-IAF-bac vwang Vwang district (Plateau)
98-IAF-bb fan+ heikpang Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAF-bba fan Fan district (Plateau)
98-IAF-bbb foron Forom district (Plateau)
98-IAF-bbc heikpang Heipang district (Plateau)
98-IAF-bc bachit+ gashish Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAF-bca bachit Bachit district (Plateau)
98-IAF-bcb gashish (Plateau)
98-IAF-bd du+ rim Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAF-bda du Du district (Plateau)
98-IAF-bdb ropp Ropp district (Plateau)
98-IAF-bdc rim (Plateau)
98-IAF-be hoss* Nigeria (Plateau or Kaduna)
98-IAF-c Chara Buji district Nigeria (Plateau) 2
98-IAF-ca n-fa-chara chara, fa-chara, fakara, cara, pakai, tera, terea, teria, terri, tariya Nigeria (Plateau) 2
98-IAG IZERE+ KATAB net "plateau"-CS.
98-IAG-a Jju Kaje Zangon-Katab district Nigeria (Kaduna) 5*
98-IAG-aa j-ju ka-je, ka-j-ji, ka-che; ba-ju community Nigeria (Kaduna) 5*

1999 / 2000 edition
98-IAG-b Katab+ Kagoro "wider" katab Nigeria (Kaduna) 4
98-IAG-ba ka-chichere chichere, a-ticherak, daroro, ka-cicere Zangon-Katab Jema'a
districts
Nigeria (Kaduna) 2
98-IAG-bb ka-fanchan fanchan, fantuan, kpanshan, kpashan Kagoro district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3*
98-IAG-bc ka-goro goro, a-gwolok, a-golok, a-gwot, a-guro Kagoro Jema'a districts Nigeria (Kaduna) 4*
98-IAG-bd a-takat takat, a-taka, a-takar, attaka, attakar Moroa district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-IAG-be ka-tab tab, a-tyap Katab Kagoro Moroa districts Nigeria (Kaduna) 4
98-IAG-bf a-sholio sholio, a-solio, o-sholio, marwa, morwa, moroa, maroa Moroa district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-IAG-c Izere+ Firan including i-zere, i-zer, i-zare-k, jari, zara-zon; fi-zere, fe-zere, a-fu-sare,
fe-sere-k, a-fi-zare, a-fi-zare-k, a-fu-dele-k community; in [19] Hausa:
ba-jari person; jarawan-dutse = hill jarawa community Fedare,
Fursum & Faishang (below) were formerly classified under [98] Miya;
present classification to be verified
Nigeria (Plateau; Bauchi; Kaduna) 4
98-IAG-ca i-zere-NW. Jos Toro Jema'a districts Nigeria (Plateau; Bauchi; Kaduna)
98-IAG-caa shere Nigeria
98-IAG-cab fo-bur fo-bor prestige dialect Nigeria
98-IAG-cb i-zere-NE. Jos Toro districts Nigeria (Plateau; Bauchi)
98-IAG-cba zendi zandi Nigeria
98-IAG-cbb fe-dare Federe formerly classified also under [19] Miya Nigeria (Federe)
98-IAG-cbc fu-rsum fu-rsom Fursum formerly classified also under [19] Miya Nigeria (Bauchi)
98-IAG-cc zarazon i-zere-W., jos-zarazon Jos Nigeria (Plateau; Bauchi)
98-IAG-cd i-zere-S. Birikin-Ladi district Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAG-cda i-chen (Plateau)
98-IAG-cdb fo-rom (Plateau)
98-IAG-ce ganang+ faishang Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAG-cea fai-shang formerly classified also under [19] Miya (Plateau; Bauchi)
98-IAG-ceb ganang (Plateau)
98-IAG-cf fi-ran Barkin-Ladi district (Plateau)
98-IAG-d Nkarigwe rigwe, nka-rigwe Saminaka district Nigeria (Plateau) 4
98-IAG-da nka-rigwe rigwe, i-rigwe, a-regwe, including kwoll, kwal, kwan, miango, nyango,
idafan; nne-rigwe community
Nigeria (Plateau) 4
98-IAH NANDU+ TARI net "plateau"-CW.
98-IAH-a Nandu+ Tari Jema'a district Nigeria (Kaduna) 3
98-IAH-aa nandu Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAH-ab tari Nigeria (Kaduna)
98-IAI LIJILI net "plateau"-S.
98-IAI-a Lijili li-jili Awe Lafia districts Nigeria (Plateau) 4
98-IAI-aa li-jili jili, li-gili, lafia-koro; mi-jili, mi-gili, me-gili community Nigeria (Plateau) 4
98-IAJ FYAM+ HOROM net "plateau"-SE.
98-IAJ-a Fyam Jos Barkin-Ladi Mangu districts Nigeria (Plateau) 4
98-IAJ-aa fyam pyem, pyam, paiem, fem, pem, gyem Nigeria (Plateau) 4
98-IAJ-b Mabo+ Barkul 'kaleri'-N. Mangu district Nigeria (Plateau) 3*
98-IAJ-ba mabo Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAJ-bb barkul Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IAJ-c Horom 'kaleri'-S. Mangu district Nigeria (Plateau) 2
98-IAJ-ca horom Nigeria (Plateau) 2
98-IB TAROK+ TIGON
chain
98-IBA TAROK+ TURKWAM
net
'tarokoid'
98-IBA-a Turkwam+ Arum Akwanga district Nigeria (Plateau) 3
98-IBA-aa turkwam turkpa Nigeria (Plateau) 3
98-IBA-ab arum+ cesu arum+ chessu Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IBA-aba arum (Plateau)
98-IBA-abb cesu chessu (Plateau)
98-IBA-b Tarok taroh, yergam, yergum, appa Kanam Wase Langtang districts Nigeria (Plateau) 5
98-IBA-ba tarok-W. "hill" tarok Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IBA-bb tarok-E. "plains" tarok Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IBA-c Bashar Langtang Wasa districts Nigeria (Plateau) 4
98-IBA-ca bashar bashiri, borrom, burrum, bogh; in [19] Hausa: basharawa community Nigeria (Plateau) 4
98-IBB KUMBO+ ICEN net part of 'jukunoid' perhaps to be combined with [98] Wapan+ Njikum
98-IBB-a Kumbo+ Kente* Kpan, i-kpan, kpanten, akpanzhi, kpanzon, abakan Kato-Bagha
Wukari Suntai Gayan Gindin-Dutse Likam
Nigeria (Gongola) 4*
98-IBB-aa bissaula kentu, kyentu, etkye extinct Nigeria (Gongola) 0
98-IBB-ab kumbo kpan proper", kpanzon "proper" Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBB-ac tissa Nigeria (Gongola)

98-IBB-ad gayi Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBB-ae hwaye* Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBB-af hwaso* Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBB-ag nyatso* Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBB-ah nyonyo* Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBB-ai abakan* Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBB-aj yorda* Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBB-ak i-bukwa* Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBB-al kente part of kpan-E. Kato-Bagha district Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBB-am apa part of kpan-E. Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBB-b Icen Gayam Gindin-Dutse Likam Suntai Ichen districts Nigeria (Gongola) 4
98-IBB-ba i-cen i-chen, i-tchen, kentu, kyato, etkywa, nyidu Nigeria (Gongola) 4
98-IBC JIRU+ SHOO net WURBO, part of 'jukunoid'
98-IBC-a Shoo+ Minda jinleri, bandawa+ minda Wurkum Lau districts Nigeria (Gongola) 4
98-IBC-aa shoo banda; in [19] Hausa: bandawa community Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBC-ab minda Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBC-ac nyem kunini Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBC-b Como+ Karim Jalingo Gassol Lau Wurkum. Muri districts Nigeria (Gongola) 3
98-IBC-ba como chomo, shomoh, shomong, nuadhu Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBC-bb karim kirim, kiyu Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBC-c Jiru+ Kir Jalingo district Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
98-IBC-ca jiru zhiru Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBC-cb wiyap* Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBC-cc kir Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBC-cd atak* Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBD WAPAN+ NJIKUM*
net
JUKUN, part of 'jukunoid' perhaps to be combined with [98] Kumbo+
Icen
98-IBD-a Wapan+ Njikum* jukun, njuku, juku, jukum, jukon, juku-junkun, jinkum, including jibu, jibi,
jiba
Nigeria (Plateau; Gongola);
Cameroon (Nord-Ouest)
5
98-IBD-aa njikum+ jibu "vehicular" njikum+ "vehicular" jibu, "vehicular" jukun +influenced by
[92] Samba-Leko
Cameroon (Nord-Ouest); Nigeria
(Gongola)
4
98-IBD-ab wase jukun-wase Plain-Yergam Gerkawa Resettlement districts Nigeria (Plateau)
98-IBD-aba wase-N. (Plateau)
98-IBD-abb wase-S. (Plateau)
98-IBD-ac takum+ donga Suntai Chenchenji Gayam Gindin-Dutse districts Cameroon (Nord-Ouest)
98-IBD-aca takum jukun-takum, diyi* (Nord-Ouest) 3
98-IBD-acb donga jukun-donga (Nord-Ouest)
98-IBD-ad gayam jibu-gayam Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBD-ae garbabi jibu-garbabi Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBD-af kona jukun-kona, jibu-kona, part of kororofa Jalingo Kinda-Kuyvo
Langtang Ako districts
Nigeria (Gongola; Plateau) 3
98-IBD-ag wukan jukun-wukari, wukari, wakari, part of kororofa Nigeria (Plateau; Gongola)
98-IBD-ah wapan jukun-wapan, wap, part of kororofa (Plateau) Shendam Lafia
Langtang divisions (Gongola) Kinda-Kuyvo Suntai Ugondo-
Shitire Chenchenji Kato-Bagha Kucio Wukari Kindabyi
districts
Nigeria (Plateau; Gongola) 5
98-IBD-ai abinsi jukun-abinsi, "river" jukun, part of kororofa Kato-Bagha Iharev
districts: Sufa Kwantan Sufa Abinsi
Nigeria (Gongola; Benue)
98-IBD-aia jukun-E. "upstream" jukun (Gongola)
98-IBD-aib jukun-W. "downstream" jukun (Benue)
98-IBD-aj wurkum* jukun-wurkum, kukulim, kona-jukun Wurkum district Nigeria (Gongola; Plateau)
98-IBE NZARE+ ASHUKU
net
TIGON, part of 'jukunoid'
98-IBE-a Nzare+ Ashuku mbembe-E., tigong, tigun, tugun, tukum, tigum Ako subdivision:
Nkambe>N. (Sardauna) Kumi district
(Gongola)
4
98-IBE-aa nzare ndzale, nsare, izale, njari, noale, akonto Cameroon (Nord-Ouest)
98-IBE-ab kporo Cameroon (Nord-Ouest)
98-IBE-ac eneeme Cameroon (Nord-Ouest)
98-IBE-ad nama dama, namu, kporo, eneeme Cameroon (Nord-Ouest); Nigeria
(Gongola)
98-IBE-ae ashuku kitsipki, ashaku Cameroon (Nord-Ouest); Nigeria
(Gongola)

1999 / 2000 edition
98-IBF YUKUBEN+ FIKYU
net
part of 'jukunoid'
98-IBF-a Fikyu+ Kentin Kutep, kutev, kuteb, mbarike, zumper, 'jompre'; ati community
Likam Ayikiben districts
Nigeria (Gongola); also Cameroon
4
98-IBF-aa jenuwa Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBF-ab lissam Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBF-ac fikyu with dialects Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBF-ad kunabe Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBF-ae kentin Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBF-b Yukuben Katsina-Ala Gamana valleys Nigeria (Gongola); Cameroon
(Nord-Ouest)
3*
98-IBF-ba yukuben-A. yukubeng, nyikuben, nyikobe, ayikiben, boritsu, balaabe, balaaben Nigeria (Gongola)
98-IBF-bb uuhum-gigi* uuhum, ehum, oohum Cameroon (Nord-Ouest)
98-IBG BISHUO* net FURU
98-IBG-a Bishuo Ntjieka Furu-Turuwa Furu-Sambari virtually extinct by 1980's (2
speakers) +submerged by [98] Njikum-Jibu
Cameroon (Nord-Ouest) 0*
98-IBG-aa bishuo biyam, furu Cameroon (Nord-Ouest) 0*
98-IBH TAPSHIN* net
98-IBH-a Tapshin nearly extinct ("few" speakers) Dass Pankshin districts Nigeria (Bauchi; Plateau) 1
98-IBH-aa tapshin suru, myet; in [19] Hausa: tapshinawa community Nigeria (Bauchi; Plateau) 1
98-J IBIBIO+ BEKWARRA
set
CROSS-RIVER Latin script
98-JA OGBIA+ ODUAL
chain
"delta"-C.
98-JAA OGBIA+ KUGBO net
98-JAA-a Ogbogolo Ahoada district Nigeria (Rivers) 3*
98-JAA-aa o-gbogolo o-bogolo Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JAA-b Ogbia+ Oloibiri "wider" o-gbia Brass district Nigeria (Rivers) 5
98-JAA-ba o-gbia o-gbia "proper", o-gbinya Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JAA-bb kolo Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JAA-bc anyama Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JAA-bd o-loibiri Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JAA-c Mini Brass district Nigeria (Rivers) 3*
98-JAA-ca mini Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JAA-d Kugbo Brass district Nigeria (Rivers) 3
98-JAA-da kugbo kugbo Nigeria (Rivers) 3
98-JAA-e Obulom+
Ogbronuagum
Otelga district Nigeria (Rivers) 4*
98-JAA-ea o-gbronuagum bukuma Bukuma Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JAA-eb o-bulom abuloma Abuloma Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JAB ODUAL+ ABUA net
98-JAB-a Odual Ahoada district Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-JAB-aa o-dual saka Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-JAB-b Abua+ Otabha Degema Ahoada districts Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-JAB-ba abua abuan Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JAB-bb emughan Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JAB-bc o-tabha otapha Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JAB-bd o-kpeden Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JB KHANA+ ELEME
chain
OGONI
98-JBA ELEME net ogoni-W.
98-JBA-a Eleme Tai-Eleme division Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-JBA-aa eleme Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-JBB KHANA+ GOKANA
net
ogoni-E.
98-JBB-a Gokana Bori division Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-JBB-aa gokana Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-JBB-b Khana+ Tai kana, ogoni "proper" Khana Bori Tai-Eleme divisions Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-JBB-ba khana-N. Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JBB-bb khana-S. Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JBB-bc tai Nigeria (Rivers)

98-JC IBIBIO+ OBOLO
chain
LOWER-CROSS
98-JCA OBOLO+ ORON net obolo+ oron, "lower-cross"-W.
98-JCA-a Obolo andoni, andone, andonni Opobo Eket divisions Nigeria (Rivers) 5
98-JCA-aa ngo "standard" obolo Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JCA-ab ataba Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JCA-ac unyeada Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JCA-ad o-koroete Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JCA-ae ibot-obolo Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JCA-af iko Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JCA-b Ibino Uquo-Ibeno district Nigeria (Rivers) 4
98-JCA-ba ibino ibeno, ibuno Nigeria (Rivers)
98-JCA-c Oron Oron district Nigeria (Akwa-Ibom) 4
98-JCA-ca o-ron o-ro Nigeria (Akwa-Ibom) 4
98-JCA-d Okobo Okobo district Nigeria (Akwa-Ibom) 4
98-JCA-da o-kobo Nigeria (Akwa-Ibom) 4
98-JCB IBIBIO+ EKIT net "lower-cross"-E.
98-JCB-a Ibibio+ Efik Nigeria (Akwa-Ibom; Cross River) 6
98-JCB-aa anaang anang, annang Ikot-Ekpene Essien Udim Abak Ukanafun
Oruk-Anam districts
Nigeria (Akwa-Ibom) 5
98-JCB-ab ibibio Itu Uyo Ikot Abasi Ikono Ekpe-Atai Uruan Onna Nsit-
Ubium Mkpat Erin districts
Nigeria (Akwa-Ibom; Cross River) 6
98-JCB-aba ibibio-V. "vehicular" ibibio Nigeria (Akwa-Ibom; Cross River) 6
98-JCB-abb enyong Nigeria (Akwa-Ibom)
98-JCB-abc nkari Nigeria (Akwa-Ibom)
98-JCB-ac efik "standard" ibibio+ efik, calabar, including isangele Calabar town
Odukpani Akamkpa districts
Nigeria (Cross River) 6
98-JCB-b Ekit Uquo-Ebeno Eket districts Nigeria (Akwa-Ibom) 4
98-JCB-ba ekit eket Nigeria (Akwa-Ibom) 4
98-JD UKELE+ LEGBO
chain
UPPER-CROSS
98-JDA KIONG+ KOROP net
98-JDA-a Korop Odukpani Akampka districtsalong frontier to Mundemba>NW. Nigeria (Cross River); Cameroon
(Sud-Ouest)
4
98-JDA-aa ko-rop odo-dop, du-rop, dyu-rop, ero-rup Nigeria (Cross River); Cameroo
(Sud-Ouest)
4
98-JDA-b Kiong Odukpani Akampka districts spoken only by the elderly Nigeria (Cross River) 2*
98-JDA-ba ki-yong kiong, akoiyang, akayon, akayong, okoyong, okonyong, iyoniyong Nigeria (Cross River) 2*
98-JDA-baa ki-yong-NW. Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDA-bab ki-yong-SE. Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDA-c Odut Odukpani district Nigeria (Cross River) 2*
98-JDA-ca o-dut* Nigeria (Cross River) 2*
98-JDB AGOI+
IYONGIYONG* net
98-JDB-a Iyongiyong Akampka district Nigeria (Cross River) 3*
98-JDB-aa i-yongiyong ba-kpinka, uwet Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDB-b Iko+ Agoi doko+ uyanga Obubra district Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JDB-ba u-yanga Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDB-bb do-sanga* ba-sanga Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDB-bc i-ko do-ko Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDB-bd a-goi Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDB-be i-bami* ro-ba-mbami, wa-ba-mbami Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDC BIAKPAN+ UMON
net
98-JDC-a Biakpan+ Utuma Ubaghara Akampka district Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JDC-aa u-tuma u-tama, u-tamu Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDC-ab u-gbem Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDC-ac biakpan Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JDC-ad i-kun Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDC-ae e-tono-S. e-tuno-S. distinct from neighbouring [98] Etono-N. Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDC-b Umon Akampka district Nigeria (Cross River) 4*
98-JDC-ba u-mon a-mon, lu-mong Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDC-c Kohumono Olubra district Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JDC-ca ko-humono-A. ho-humono, ba-humono, e-kumuru Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JDC-cb e-diba* Nigeria (Cross River)

1999 / 2000 edition
98-JDC-d Agwagwune+
Abayongo
Akamkpa district Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JDC-da a-gwa-gwune gwune, a-ku-nakuna, a-gwa-guna, a-ku-rakura Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDC-db a-bini o-bini, a-biri Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDC-dc e-tono-N. e-tuno-N. distinct from neighbouring [98] Etono-S. Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDC-dd e-rei e-nna, e-zei Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDC-de a-dim dim, o-dim, o-rum Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDC-df a-ba-yongo a-ba-yong, ba-yono, ba-yino Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDD UKELE+ ORING net
98-JDD-a Ukele ku-kele, ba-kele Ogoja district Nigeria (Cross River; also
Anambra; Benue)
5*
98-JDD-aa u-kele-S. plus further dialects (to a total of 6) Nigeria (Cross River) 4*
98-JDD-aaa u-gbala (Cross River)
98-JDD-aab o-kpoto-mtezi* Okpoto-Mtezi (Cross River)
98-JDD-aac i-teeji mtezi Mtezi-Iteeji (Cross River)
98-JDD-ab u-kele-N. including 4 dialects Nigeria (Cross River) 3*
98-JDD-b Uzekwe Ogoja district Nigeria (Cross River) 3
98-JDD-ba u-zekwe ezekwe Nigeria (Cross River) 3
98-JDD-c Oring+ Ufiom Oron district Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JDD-ca o-ring oring, koring, orri, orrin, orringorrin Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JDD-cb o-kpoto Nigeria (Cross River) 3
98-JDD-cc u-fiom effium Nigeria (Cross River) 3
98-JDD-cd u-fia utonkon Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JDE UKPET+ EHOM net
98-JDE-a Ukpet+ Ehom Akamkpa district Nigeria (Cross River) 5*
98-JDE-aa u-kpet a-kpet Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDE-ab e-hom Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDE-ac u-beteng* e-beteng Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDF LOK+ LUBILA net
98-JDF-a Lokukoli meeting-point of 3 districts: Ikom Obubra Akamkpa districts Nigeria (Cross River) 3
98-JDF-aa lo-ku-koli n-ku-kolle, n-ku-koli, lo-koli, e-kuri Nigeria (Cross River) 3
98-JDF-b Lok+ Ugep Obubra district Nigeria (Cross River) 5
98-JDF-ba lo-k lo-ku, lu-ko, lo-kur, lo-ke, ya-ko, ya-kurr, ya-kuri Nigeria (Cross River) 5
98-JDF-bb u-gep Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDF-bc n-kpani Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDF-c Lubila+ Ojo Akamkpa district: Ojo-Nkomba Ojo-Akangba Nigeria (Cross River) 4*
98-JDF-ca lu-bila lu-bilo, ka-bila, ka-bire Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDF-cb o-jo-W. o-jor-W. Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDF-cc o-jo-E. o-jor-E. Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDG LEGBO+ LEYIGHA
net
98-JDG-a Legbo+ Lenyima Obubra Afikpo districts Nigeria (Cross River; Imo) 4
98-JDG-aa le-gbo gbo, igbo-imaban, itigidi; a-gbo community Nigeria (Cross River; Imo) 4
98-JDG-ab le-tatama a-dadama community Nigeria (Cross River and/or Imo)
98-JDG-ac le-nyima a-nyima community Nigeria (Cross River and/or Imo)
98-JDG-b Leyigha Obubra district Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JDG-ba le-yigha yigha; a-yigha, a-yiga, a-siga, assiga community Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JDH OKOM+ OSOPONG MBEMBE-WEST
98-JDH-a Okom+ Osopong mbembe-W., wakande Nigeria (Cross River) 5
98-JDH-aa a-dun a-run Nigeria (Cross River) 5
98-JDH-ab o-sopong e-zopong, o-shopong, o-sophong, e-shupun Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDH-ac o-fom-bonga o-fun-bong, o-wum-bonga, e-wum-bonga Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDH-ad o-kom Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDH-ada o-kum-A. e-ghom, e-ko-koma (Cross River)
98-JDH-adb a-piapum (Cross River)
98-JDH-adc o-hana (Cross River)
98-JDH-add o-nyen (Cross River)
98-JDH-ae o-fon-okpan o-fun-obwan, i-fun-ubwa Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDH-af o-kam e-kama, e-kamu Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDH-ag o-ferikpe Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDH-ah o-deriga* Nigeria (Cross River)

98-JDI OLULUMO+ IKOM
net
98-JDI-a Olulumo+ Ikom Ikom district Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JDI-aa o-lu-lumo lulumo Nigeria (Cross River) 3
98-JDI-ab i-kom Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JDI-ac o-kuni Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JDJ AKUM* net
98-JDJ-a Akum Furu-Awa sub-division: Akum cross-frontier to Manga Ekban
Konkom
(Benue)
2
98-JDJ-aa a-kum kum, anyar Cameroon (Nord-Ouest); Nigeria
(Benue)
2
98-JDK TITA* net
98-JDK-a Tita Jalingo district Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
98-JDK-aa tita hoai-petel Nigeria (Gongola)
98-JDL BETE-NORTH* net
98-JDL-a Bete-N. Bete near extinction in 1973 distinct from [98] Bete-Bende (Bete-
S.)
Nigeria (Gongola) 1*
98-JDL-aa bete-N. Nigeria (Gongola) 1*
98-JE BEKWARRA+ UKI
chain
BENDI
98-JEA BEKWARRA+ UKI
net
98-JEA-a Bekwarra Nigeria (Cross River) 5
98-JEA-aa be-kwarra-A. bekwarra "proper", e-be-kwarra, bekworra, bekwara, ya-koro Nigeria (Cross River) 5
98-JEA-ab be-ten Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-b Otugwang+ Afrike o-be, m-be, mbe-afal, mbube-E. Obudu Ogoja district Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JEA-ba o-tugwang u-tugwang, pu-tukwam Obudu district Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-bb o-korogung Obudu district Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-bc o-korotung Obudu district Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-bd a-frike a-ferikpe Ogoja district Nigeria (Cross River) 3
98-JEA-be o-boso Obudu district Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-c Obanliku+ Alege Obudu district and transfrontier Nigeria (Cross River); also
Cameroon (Sud-Ouest)
4
98-JEA-ca a-lege a-legi Nigeria (Cross River) 3
98-JEA-cb u-kpe u-gbe, u-ge Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-cc ba-yobiri Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-cd o-banliku a-banliku (Cross River) 4
98-JEA-cda ba-sang (Cross River)
98-JEA-cdb be-bi (Cross River)
98-JEA-cdc bi-shiri (Cross River)
98-JEA-cdd bi-su gayi (Cross River); Cameroon (Sud-
Ouest)*
98-JEA-cde bu-si (Cross River)
98-JEA-d Bete-Bende dama Obudu district Nigeria (Cross River) 4
98-JEA-da bete-bende bette, m-bete, bende, bendi distinct from [98] Bete-N. Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-e Bumaji Obudu district: Bumaji Nigeria (Cross River) 2
98-JEA-ea bu-maji umaji Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-f Ubang Obudu district Nigeria (Cross River) 3*
98-JEA-fa u-bang Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-g Uki+ Osokom* Bokyi, including ndir ukwese utang yon communities Ikom
Obudu Ogoja districts
Nigeria (Cross River), Cameroon
(Sud-Ouest)
5
98-JEA-ga u-ki bo-kyi, bo-ki, vaaneroki, n-ki, o-kii, n-fua Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-gb u-ki-E. bo-kyi-E. Nigeria (Cross River); Cameroon
(Sud-Ouest)
98-JEA-gc ba-sua Nigeria (Cross River); Cameroon
(Sud-Ouest)
98-JEA-gd i-ruan irruan, erwan, eerwee Nigeria (Cross River); Cameroon
(Sud-Ouest)
98-JEA-ge a-bu a-bo Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-gf bo-je bo-jie Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-gg kwakwagom Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-gh nsadop Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-gi o-sokom o-sikom, o-sukam, o-sokum Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-gj o-yokom Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-gk wula Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-gl o-ku Nigeria (Cross River)
98-JEA-gm bo-orim Nigeria (Cross River)

1999 / 2000 edition
98-K JUNAARE+ DAKA
set
mambila+ samba-daka, bantoid-N. +transition to [99] Bantu Latin
script
98-KA NDOOLA chain part of mambiloid
98-KAA NDOOLA net
98-KAA-a Ndoola Bali Gashaka Sardauna districts Nigeria (Gongola); Cameroon
(Adamawa; Nord-Ouest)
4*
98-KAA-aa ndoola ndoro, nu-ndoro, njoyame Nigeria (Gongola); also Cameroon
(Adamawa; Nord-Ouest)
4*
98-KB JUNAARE+
NYASUNDA chain
mambila+ kwanja, part of 'mambiloid'
98-KBA NYASUNDA+
NYANDUNG net
KWANJA
98-KBA-a Nyasunda+
Nyandung
kwanja, konja, kondja Tikar-NE plain (Mayo-Darle>S.): between
Banyo Bankim
Cameroon (Adamawa) 4
98-KBA-aa nya-sunda sunda Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBA-ab nya-ndung nduung Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBA-ac nya-njang njang, njanga almost extinct (a few elderly speakers in early 1990's) Cameroon (Adamawa) 1
98-KBB MVANON+ KAMKAM
net
98-KBB-a Mvanon+ Kamkam magu+ kamkam Nigeria (Gongola); also Cameroon
(Adamawa)
3
98-KBB-aa mvanon magu, mvanip, mvanlip Sardauna district Nigeria (Gongola)
98-KBB-ab kamkam kakaba, kabba, bungnu, bunu Kamkam Nigeria (Gongola); also Cameroon
(Adamawa)
3
98-KBB-ac somyewe kila blacksmiths' language Nigeria (Gongola)
98-KBC JUNAARE+ TAGBO*
net
MAMBILA
98-KBC-a Junaare+ Tagbo mambila, mabila, mambilla, mambere, mambila-djang list of
component dialects to be confirmed and completed, especially for
Nigeria Mambila plateau & southeastwards
Cameroon (Adamawa); Nigeria
(Gongola)
4
98-KBC-aa ju-naare mambila-gembu Gembu Nigeria (Gongola); Cameroon
(Adamawa)
98-KBC-ab ju-ba bea, bang, atta, mambila-atta Atta Cameroon (Adamawa); Nigeria
(Gongola)
98-KBC-ac ju-li Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-ad sunu-torbi torbi blacksmiths' language Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-ae ble Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-af koti Koti Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-ag kuma Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-ah kumchun* Koumtchoun Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-ai kurun* Kouroun Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-aj lagubi Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-ak lingan* Lingan Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-al nasarao* Mandara mountains: Nassarao Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-am sarka-mbaka* Sarka-Mbaka, Sarkie-Mbaka Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-an tep Cameroon (Adamawa); Nigeria
(Gongola)
98-KBC-ao vam-ngo* wam-ngo Mandara mountains: Duda Wam-ngo Wam-ngo
Kwakwaah Kubaje Wam-ngo
Nigeria (Gongola)
98-KBC-ap yokasala* Yokassala Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-aq somie* Somie Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-ar son-kalong* Son-Kalong, Song-Kolong Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBC-as tagbo tongo, nor-tagbo, tongbo, lagubi, mambila-S. Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KBD NJERUP net
98-KBD-a Njerup nearly extinct in Nigeria in late 1980's (2 speakers) and in Cameroon
in early 1990's (5 speakers)
Nigeria (Gongola); Cameroon
(Adamawa)
1*
98-KBD-aa njerup Mambila highlands Nigeria (Gongola); Cameroon
(Adamawa)
1*
98-KC SUGA+ BUTE chain part of 'mambiloid'
98-KCA SUGA net
98-KCA-a Suga ssuga, 'niamniam', 'nyisi-nyemnyem', 'nyumnyum', 'nyamnyam',
'njemnjem', 'jemjem'
Cameroon (Adamawa) 4*
98-KCA-aa suga-N. galim Galim Cameroon (Adamawa)
98-KCA-ab suga-S. Banyo-N.: Sambolabbo Cameroon (Adamawa)

98-KCB BUTE+ WAWA* net VUTE
98-KCB-a Bute+ Wawa m-bute, m-butere, bute, buti, pute, vute, vutee, vout, vutere, voutr,
wuti, wut, wout, fute, fout, bu-bure, lu-vure, bule, n-bule, 'a-botee,
'a-bwetee; ba-bute, ba-buti, ba-bude, ba-bout, ba-m-bout community
Cameroon (Centre; Adamawa;
Est); also Nigeria (Gongola)
4
98-KCB-aa bute-A. bute "proper", vute "proper", bute-N. (Centre, Adamawa, Est), also
(Gongola)
4
98-KCB-aaa bute-bemnyo vute-banyo Banyo Cameroon
98-KCB-aab kumbere bute-sangbe, vute-sangbe Sengbe, Sangbe Cameroon
98-KCB-aac bute-mbanjo vute-mbanjo, vute-mbandjok Mbandjock-Njore Cameroon
98-KCB-aad n-duvum bute-tibati, vute-tibati Tibati Cameroon
98-KCB-aae ngoro bute-ngoro, vute-ngorro Ngorro Cameroon
98-KCB-aaf nu-doo bute-yangba, vute-yangba Yangba Cameroon
98-KCB-aag nu-gane bute-dume, vute-dume Dume, Doum Cameroon
98-KCB-aah nu-jum bute-linte, vute-linte Linte Cameroon
98-KCB-aai makuni* Makuni Cameroon
98-KCB-aaj gashaka Gashaka district Nigeria (Gongola)
98-KCB-ab wawa* bute-S., vute-S. Banyo-W. Cameroon (Adamawa) 3
98-KCB-aba gandua Gandoua (Adamawa)
98-KCB-abb gasini Gassini (Adamawa)
98-KCB-abc gaula Gaula (Adamawa)
98-KCB-abd kasala-wawa Kasala-Wawa (Adamawa)
98-KCB-abe kasala-mba Kassalmba (Adamawa)
98-KCB-abf mbengedje Mbengedje (Adamawa)
98-KCB-abg ndi Ndi (Adamawa)
98-KCB-abh nyara Nyara (Adamawa)
98-KCB-abi umyari Oumyari (Adamawa)
98-KCB-abj tawa Tawa (Adamawa)
98-KCB-abk yabam Yabam (Adamawa)
98-KD DAKA+ TARAM
chain
'dakoid'
98-KDA DAKA+ TARAM net
98-KDA-a Daka 4
98-KDA-aa samba-daka chamba-daka, sama-S., chamba-S., camba-S., tchamba-S., djamba-S.,
tsamba-S., jama-S., nakanyare, tikk; deng community (Nigeria)
Dakka Jalingo Mutum-Biyu Bakundi Gassol Toungo
Yelwa Sugu Mbulo Jada Leko Binyeri Wafanga Verre
districts and transfrontier distinct from [92] Samba-Leko
Nigeria (Gongola); Cameroon
(Nord)
4
98-KDA-ab samba-gurum* or to be classified with [92] Samba-Leko Nigeria (Gongola)
98-KDA-ac dirim dirin, dirrim, daka "proper", dakka, dekka Bakundi Gashaka
Toungo districts
Nigeria (Gongola) 4
98-KDA-b Lamja+ Dansa Mayo-Belwa district: Lamja mountain (Ganglamja environs) Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
98-KDA-ba lamja Nigeria (Gongola)
98-KDA-bb dansa Nigeria (Gongola)
98-KDA-c Taram location to be established Cameroon (Nord) and/or Nigeria
(Gongola)
3
98-KDA-ca taram Cameroon (Nord) and/or Nigeria
(Gongola)
3
98-KE FAM chain
98-KEA FAM net
98-KEA-a Fam Mambila-N. plateau Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
98-KEA-aa fam Nigeria (Gongola)
98-KF TIBA chain
98-KFA TIBA net
98-KFA-a Tiba Shebshi-N. mountains: Garba-Shege Jada Nigeria (Gongola) 3*
98-KFA-aa tiba Nigeria (Gongola)

1999 / 2000 edition
99= BANTUIC
phylozone
covers the "broad Bantu", "narrow Bantu+ Bantoid" or Isizulu+
Tiv set (the central-southern section of "old Benue-Congo")
within the "Volta-Congo" affinity, within the wider
"Transafrican" continental affinity; comprising 1 set of
languages (= 259 outer-languages), spoken by communities
throughout a major part of Africa south of the Sahara, from
the Jos Plateau and Cameroon Highlands eastwards and
southwards to the Indian Ocean and South Atlantic coasts:
99-A ISIZULU+ TIV
including 1 arterial language: Kiswahili (Swahili)
A continuum of relationships among languages covered by
phylozones 98=Benuic and 99=Bantuic passes through the
transitional languages of the [98] Junaare+ Tagbo (Mambila+
Samba-Daka) chain.
The Wider Bantu" or Isizulu+Tiv set contains the largest
group of closely related languages in the world, in terms of the
number of idioms within a single set. Any sequential listing
represents an over-simplification of the internal geographic
links which bind adjacent languages more or less closely
together in all directions, but the sequence imposed below is
designed to lead the user through the increasingly close-knit
relationships within this set, as one moves from West Africa
towards Southern Africa.
The languages of this phylozone and set, especially in
Cameroon and parts of adjacent countries, illustrate how the
linguasphere continues to operate as a fluid continuum,
linguistic differences accumulating over long distances as one
moves from community to community, but without the
continuum of inter-intelligibility among neighbouring
communities being interrupted severely along any consistent
divide. In this situation, the classification of adjacent
languages and dialects is often guided by local perceptions of
ethno-linguistic identity.
Wherever relevant, references to the Guthrian codes for
"narrow" Bantu, e.g. bantu-A11, are included in column 3
below. The convention of an initial "widowed" hyphen has
been employed in column 3, for this zone only, to facilitate the
recording of linguistic and ethnic names without their
traditional prefix. In the conventional citation of the names of
Bantu languages in other sources, prefixes are sometimes
distinguished by deferring the upper-case initial letter to the
beginning of the stem, e.g. isiZulu. In the Linguasphere
Register, this typographical device is employed for the citation
of the reference names of outer-languages, in bold-type in
columns 2 and 3, but only from chain [99-AP] onwards (since
separation of prefix from stem is less straight-forward in the
languages of West Africa listed to that point).
Botswana; Cameroon; Central
African Republic; Comoro Islands;
Congo; Congo-Zaire; Gabon;
Kenya; Lesotho; Malawi; Mayotte;
Mozambique; Namibia; Nigeria;
Rwanda; Somalia; South Africa;
Sudan; Swaziland; Tanzania;
Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe
8
99-A ISIZULU+ TIV set "WIDER"-BANTU, "broad" bantu, "narrow" bantu+ bantoid Latin
script
99-AA KANTANA+
BANKAL chain
JARAWAN-BANTU, jarawan
99-AAA KANTANA+
KWARRA net
99-AAA-a Kantana+ Kwarra Mama Akwanga district: Wamba highlands Nigeria (Plateau) 4
99-AAA-aa kantana Nigeria (Plateau) 4
99-AAA-ab kwarra Nigeria (Plateau)
99-AAB BAMBARO+ GWA
net
99-AAB-a Bambaro+ Gura Lame Toro district Nigeria (Bauchi) 3
99-AAB-aa bambaro bambara, bomberawa, bamburo, bombaro, bunborawa, bunberawa Nigeria (Bauchi)
99-AAB-ab gura agari, agbiri Nigeria (Bauchi)
99-AAB-b Gwa Toro district Nigeria (Bauchi) 2
99-AAB-ba gwa Nigeria (Bauchi) 2
99-AAC GUBI+ GURU net SHIKI
99-AAC-a Gubi+ Guru Bauchi>N. Nigeria (Bauchi) 2
99-AAC-aa gubi shiki, guba, gubawa Nigeria (Bauchi)
99-AAC-ab guru Nigeria (Bauchi)

99-AAD BANKAL+ LABIR net JARAWA
99-AAD-a Bankal+ Duguri Jar, jara, jarawa, jaranchi Nigeria (Bauchi; Gongola; Plateau) 5
99-AAD-aa bankal bankala, baranci Dass Zungur Bula Jama'a districts Nigeria (Bauchi) 4
99-AAD-aaa bankal-SE. (Bauchi)
99-AAD-aab bankal-NW. (Bauchi)
99-AAD-ab bobar Nigeria
99-AAD-ac gingwak gwak, jarawan-bununu, jaracin-kasa Dass Bula districts Nigeria (Bauchi) 4
99-AAD-ad duguri duguranci Nigeria (Bauchi; Plateau) 4
99-AAD-ada gar Gar (Bauchi)
99-AAD-adb badara Badara (Bauchi)
99-AAD-adc duguri-NE. (Bauchi)
99-AAD-add duguri-SW. (Bauchi; Plateau)
99-AAD-ae m-bada badanci, bat, m-bat, jarawan-kogi, garaka, kanna Kanam Kabwir
Bula districts
Nigeria (Plateau; Bauchi) 4
99-AAD-af kanam Kanam Nigeria (Plateau)
99-AAD-ag ligri dungerawa Nigeria (Gongola)
99-AAD-b Dulbu Bauchi>SE. Nigeria (Bauchi) 1
99-AAD-ba dulbu Nigeria (Bauchi) 1
99-AAD-c Labir Jaku Bauchi>SE. Nigeria (Bauchi) 2
99-AAD-ca labir jaku, jakun, jakanci Nigeria (Bauchi) 2
99-AAE KULUNG net
99-AAE-a Kulung Nigeria (Gongola) 4
99-AAE-aa ku-kulung -kulung, wurkun, wurkum, wo, bambur, kuluno, ba-kulung, ba-kuli, ba-
kulu, kulu
Nigeria (Gongola) 4
99-AAE-aaa karim-lamido Karim Lamido district (Gongola)
99-AAE-aab wukari Wukari district (Gongola)
99-AAF MBULA+ BILE net
99-AAF-a Mbula+ Bwazza Numan Benue right-bank Nigeria (Gongola) 4
99-AAF-aa mbula mbulla Nigeria (Gongola) 3
99-AAF-ab bwazza bare, bere, i-bere, tambo Nigeria (Gongola) 3
99-AAF-b Bile Benue left-bank Nigeria (Gongola) 3
99-AAF-ba bile bille, bili, billanchi, kunbille Nigeria (Gongola) 3
99-AAG NGONG+ NAGUMI
net
99-AAG-a Ngong+ Nagumi Cameroon (Nord) 1
99-AAG-aa ngong gong, puuri Garoua>S.: Ngong Cameroon (Nord) 1
99-AAG-ab nagumi bama, m-bama Benue+ Faro valleys Poli mountains Cameroon (Nord) 0
99-AAH MBONGA net
99-AAH-a Mbonga Cameroon (Est); Nigeria 3*
99-AAH-aa m-bonga bonga, mbona, mboa Btar-Oya Cameroon (Est); also in Nigeria 3*
99-AB TIV+ BATU* chain 'tivoid' a transnational chain of considerable linguistic complexity;
nomenclature and inter-relationships to be reviewed
99-ABA TIV+ IYIVE net
99-ABA-a Tiv tiwi, 'munshi', 'munchi', 'mitshi' Makurdi, Gwer, Gboko Kwande,
Vandeikya, Katsina Ala, Lafia, Bali, Takum, Wukari districts and
transfrontier
Nigeria (Benue; Plateau; Gongola);
adjacent Cameroon
6
99-ABA-aa dzwa-tiv tiv-C., "standard" tiv Nigeria 6
99-ABA-aaa kparev Nigeria
99-ABA-aab kunav Nigeria
99-ABA-ab i-harev harev, tiv-W. Nigeria
99-ABA-ac shitire tiv-NE. Nigeria
99-ABA-ad u-tisha tisha, tiv-SE. Nigeria
99-ABA-b Iyive+ Injobo i-yive, "cameroon" tiv Akwaya>NE. Cameroon (South-West); also
Nigeria
3*
99-ABA-ba i-yive Yive 3*
99-ABA-bb i-njobo -njobo, njawbaw, i-yive, yive, yi-ive, u-ive Njawbaw Cameroon (South-West); also
Nigeria
99-ABB BATU+ ABONG net
99-ABB-a Batu+ Njwande Nigeria (Gongola); Cameroon
(Nord)
4
99-ABB-aa njwande bitare, bi-tare, yukutare, yuku-tare, tigom Nigeria (Gongola); Cameroon
(Nord)
4
99-ABB-aaa njwande-W. Sardauna district Nigeria (Gongola)
99-ABB-aab njwande-E. Banyo Cameroon (Nord)
99-ABB-ab batu Sardauna district: Batu Nigeria (Gongola) 4

1999 / 2000 edition
99-ABB-b Abong Sardauna district: Abong Nigeria (Gongola) 3
99-ABB-ba abong abn, abo Nigeria (Gongola) 3
99-ABC EVAND+ BALEGETE
net
ASUMBO-WEST
99-ABC-a Evand+ Balegete Atolo Nigeria (Cross River); Cameroon
(Sud Ouest)
4*
99-ABC-aa e-vand -vand, evant, avand, avande, ovando, ovand, ovande Nigeria (Cross River); Cameroon
(Sud Ouest)
99-ABC-ab ba-legete -legete, be-legete Nigeria and/or Cameroon
99-ABD ICEVE+ MACI* net ASUMBO-NORTH
99-ABD-a Iceve+ Maci (Nigeria) Obudu district (Cameroon) Manyu division: Akwaya
environs
Nigeria (Cross River); Cameroon
(South-West)
3*
99-ABD-aa o-lithi -lithi, o-liti, oliti-akwaya, kwaya, motom, motom-o, ihekwot Nigeria and/or Cameroon
99-ABD-ab maci* matchi Nigeria and/or Cameroon
99-ABD-ac i-ceve -ceve, i-cheve, be-cheve, ba-cheve, be-chere, o-cebe Nigeria and/or Cameroon
99-ABD-ad u-tse -tse, u-tser, u-tseu Nigeria and/or Cameroon
99-ABD-ae i-hekwot Nigeria and/or Cameroon
99-ABE IPULO net ASUMBO-CENTRAL
99-ABE-a Ipulo -pulo, ashumbo, assumbo, badzumbo, oku, okus, asumbo "proper"
Manyu division: Akwaya>SE.
Cameroon (South-West) 3
99-ABE-aa o-lulu Cameroon (South-West)
99-ABE-ab tinta Cameroon (South-West)
99-ABF EMAN+ AMAYO* net ASUMBO-EAST
99-ABF-a Eman+ Amayo Amayo Amanavil Akalabo Akalam Nigeria (Cross River); Cameroon
(South-West)
2
99-ABF-aa e-man -man, ama, aman, amani, amanavil, elaka Amanavil Nigeria (Cross River); Cameroon
(South-West)
2
99-ABF-ab a-mayo Amayo Cameroon (South-West) 2
99-ABG ESIMBI* net perhaps to be reclassified as a separate chain
99-ABG-a Esimbi Benakuma Cameroon (North-West) 4
99-ABG-aa e-simbi -simbi, essimbi, i-simbi, bo-gen, a-ge Cameroon (North-West)
99-ABH BATOMO+ UGARE
net
MESAKA
99-ABH-a Ugare Akwaya>NE. Cameroon (South-West); adjacent
Nigeria
3*
99-ABH-aa u-gare -gare, u-garu, messaga, mesaka, in [99] Tiv: iyon; bena-gere
community
Cameroon (South-West); adjacent
Nigeria
99-ABH-b Batomo Akwaya>NE. Cameroon (South-West); adjacent
Nigeria
3*
99-ABH-ba ba-tomo -tomo, ba-basi, mo-tomo, akwaya-motom Cameroon (South-West); adjacent
Nigeria
3
99-ABI MANTA+ IHATUM net
99-ABI-a Manta+ Ihatum Mamfe>NE. Cameroon (South-West) 4
99-ABI-aa m-anta -anta, b-anta, b-antakpa Manta Cameroon (South-West)
99-ABI-ab a-masi -masi, amassi Cameroon (South-West)
99-ABI-ac i-hatum -hatum, ossatu, o-satu Cameroon (South-West)
99-ABI-ad caka assaka Cameroon (South-West)
99-ABJ OTANK net
99-ABJ-a Otank Kwande district Nigeria (Cross River; Benue) 3
99-ABJ-aa o-tank -tank, o-tang, o-tanga, u-tank, u-tanga, u-tange, ba-tanga Nigeria (Cross River; Benue)
99-ABJ-aaa obudu Obudu district (Cross River)
99-ABJ-aab kwande Kwande district (Benue)
99-AC NKEM+ EJAGHAM
chain
MIDDLE-CROSS, 'ekoid'
99-ACA NKEM+ NDE net EKAJUK
99-ACA-a Nkem+ Nkum Ogoja district Nigeria (Cross-River) 4
99-ACA-aa n-kem+ i-shibori -kem Nigeria (Cross-River) 4
99-ACA-aaa n-kim n-kem (Cross-River)
99-ACA-aab ogoja ogboja Ogoja town (Cross-River)
99-ACA-aac i-shibori -shibori, isibiri (Cross-River)
99-ACA-ab n-kum -kum, n-kumm, igodo Ogoja district Nigeria (Cross-River) 3
99-ACA-b Nnam+ Abanyom Ikom Ogoja districts Nigeria (Cross-River) 4
99-ACA-ba n-nam -nam, n-dem, a-lok, a-log Ikom Ogoja districts Nigeria (Cross-River) 3
99-ACA-bb e-kajuk -kajuk, a-kajuk, a-kaju, a-kajo Ogoja district Nigeria (Cross-River) 4
99-ACA-bc a-banyom -banyom, bakor, befun, a-bankang Ikom district Nigeria (Cross-River) 3

99-ACA-c Nde+ Nta Ikom district Nigeria (Cross-River) 4
99-ACA-ca n-de -de Nigeria (Cross-River) 3
99-ACA-caa a-tam (Cross-River)
99-ACA-cab e-kamtulufu (Cross-River)
99-ACA-cac m-benkpin m-benkpen, m-benkpe (Cross-River)
99-ACA-cad u-dom (Cross-River)
99-ACA-cae m-bofon befon (Cross-River)
99-ACA-cb n-sele -sele, n-selle Nigeria (Cross-River) 3
99-ACA-cc n-ta -ta, mo-n-ta, a-tam, a-funata Nigeria (Cross-River) 3
99-ACA-d Efutob Nigeria (Cross-River) 4
99-ACA-da e-futob -futob, e-futop, o-futop, agbaragba Ikom district Nigeria (Cross-River)
99-ACB NDOE net anep, anyep
99-ACB-a Balep Nigeria (Cross-River) 3
99-ACB-aa ba-lep -lep Baleb-Opu Ikom district Nigeria (Cross-River) 3
99-ACB-b Kparagbong Nigeria (Cross-River) 3
99-ACB-ba e-kparagbong -kparagbong, e-kparagong, a-kparabong Nigeria (Cross-River)
99-ACB-bb be-ndeghe-affi Ikom district Nigeria (Cross-River)
99-ACC EJAGHAM+ ETUNG
net
"wider" ejagham, in [98] Efik: ekoi
99-ACC-a Etung+ Bendeghe ejagham-W., etung Akampka district Nigeria (Cross River) 4
99-ACC-aa be-ndeghe+ dindiga -ndeghe, bi-ndexe, bi-ndiga, bi-ndege, di-ndiga, m-buma, me-sea Nigeria (Cross River)
99-ACC-aaa be-ndeghe bi-ndege (Cross River)
99-ACC-aab dindiga (Cross River)
99-ACC-aac mbuma (Cross River)
99-ACC-ab e-tung-N. i-cuatai, abon-nta Nigeria (Cross River)
99-ACC-ac e-tung-S. Nigeria (Cross River)
99-ACC-ad e-kwe Nigeria (Cross River)
99-ACC-ae akamkpa akamkpa-ejagham Nigeria (Cross River)
99-ACC-b Ejagham+ Obang ejagham-E., e-jagham "proper", e-jagam, e-djagam Nigeria (Cross River); Cameroon
(South-West)
4
99-ACC-ba ke-aka -aka, ke-aga, ke-aqa, ke-jaka Cameroon (South-West)
99-ACC-bb e-jagham -jagham, e-jakam, e-jam, e-zam, e-koi, e-kwe Akampka district Nigeria (Cross River)
99-ACC-bc babong-mbakem Akampka district: Babong-Mbakem Nigeria (Cross River)
99-ACC-bd o-bang -bang 1, e-afeng Cameroon (South-West)
99-ACC-c Ekin ejagham-S. Nigeria (Cross River) 3
99-ACC-ca e-kin -kin, kwa, qua, a-qua, aba-kpa Akampka district Nigeria (Cross River) 3
99-AD MBE chain ogoja "hills"
99-ADA MBE net
99-ADA-a Mbe Nigeria (Cross River) 4
99-ADA-aa m-be -be, e-kumtak, ketuen, mbube-W. Ogoja district Nigeria (Cross River)
99-AE DENYA+ KENYANG
chain
mamfe, mamfe "hills"
99-AEA DENYA net
99-AEA-a Denya -nya, de-nya, nyang, a-nyang, a-gnang, a-nyan, e-yan, a-nyah, obo-
nya
99-AEA-aa ba-sho -sho Cameroon (South-West)
99-AEA-ab ba-jwa -jwa, ba-djwa, ba-jwo, m-bulu, m-bolo Cameroon (South-West)
99-AEA-ac takamanda Cameroon (South-West)
99-AEA-ad bi-tieku -tieku Cameroon (South-West)
99-AEB KENDEM+ BOKWA
net
99-AEB-a Kendem+ Bokwa Cameroon (South-West) 3
99-AEB-aa kendem+ bokwa Mamfe>E. Cameroon (South-West) 3
99-AEB-aaa kendem Kendem (South-West)
99-AEB-aab bokwa Bokwa (South-West)
99-AEC KENYANG+ KITWII
net
99-AEC-a Kenyang+ Kitwii Manyu Mm (Nguti-SE.) divisions Cameroon (South-West) 4
99-AEC-aa ke-nyang -nyang, "lower" kenyang, in [51] Franais: bas-kenyang distinct from
neighbouring [99] Denya (Nyang) within same chain
Cameroon (South-West)
99-AEC-ab ki-ngwa -ngwa, "upper" kenyang, in [51] Franais: haut-kenyang Mangen-
Konkwa
99-AEC-ac ki-twii -twii, bakoni, ki-cwe, kittwe, manyemen, "upper" balong, balong-N. Cameroon (South-West)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AF BUNAKI+ NCANE
chain
MISAJE, 'beboid'
99-AFA BUNAKI+ KOSIN net 'beboid'-W.
99-AFA-a Bunaki+ Kosin Cameroon (North-West) 4*
99-AFA-aa bu-naki -naki, mekaf, munkaf, munkap-bunaki, nkap Wum>NE.: Mekaf-S. Cameroon (North-West) 3
99-AFA-aaa bukpang Bukpang 2 (North-West)
99-AFA-aab lebo Lebo (North-West)
99-AFA-aac nsaa bu-nsaa Nse chiefdom (North-West)
99-AFA-ab bu+ ngwen Wum>NE. (North-West)
99-AFA-aba bu boe Bu (North-West) 3
99-AFA-abb za Za (North-West)
99-AFA-abc ngwen Ngwen (North-West)
99-AFA-ac misong+ munken dzaiven-boka Cameroon (North-West) 3*
99-AFA-aca misong missong, mijong Missong (North-West)
99-AFA-acb munken Munken (North-West)
99-AFA-acc aba Aba (North-West)
99-AFA-acd mundabi Mundabi (North-West)
99-AFA-ace mufu Mufu (North-West)
99-AFA-ad kosin koshin, koskin, kaw Wum+ Menchum districts Cameroon (North-West) 3
99-AFA-ada kosin-A. Koshin (North-West)
99-AFA-adb kosin-fang fang-N. Fang (North-West)
99-AFB NCANE+
KEMEZUNG net
'beboid'-E.
99-AFB-a Ncane+ Kemezung Cameroon (North-West) 4*
99-AFB-aa bebe yi-be-wu Ako-W. district: Nkambe-W. Cameroon (North-West)
99-AFB-aaa bebe-jatto Bebe-Jatto (North-West)
99-AFB-aab bebe-kitte Bebe-Kitte (North-West)
99-AFB-aac bebe-jamma Bebe-Jamma (North-West)
99-AFB-ab ke-mezung ku-muzun, ku-maju, ku-maji, ki-manjong, dumbo, dzumbo Ako-W.
district: Nkambe-NW.
Cameroon (North-West)
99-AFB-ac n-cane n-chanti, n-tshanti, misaje "proper" Misaje Misaje-S. Cameroon (North-West)
99-AFB-ad n-sari akweto, pesaa, sali between Misaje Nkambe Cameroon (North-West)
99-AFB-ae noni noonu, noori, including n-kor Cameroon (North-West)
99-AG MOMO+ BAMUM
chain
"WIDER"-GRASSFIELDS
99-AGA BANGWE+ IDA net MENCHUM, "wider" befang #nomenclature to be clarified
99-AGA-a Ida+ Ku Modele, menchum-N., "wider" modele, including ambab-iko* Befang
environs
Cameroon (North-West) 3*
99-AGA-aa ushe-ida ida, ushe-idu, mo-dele "proper", mo-delle, modeli, i-dele Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGA-ab ushe-ku ku, usha-ku, mo-kuru, bee-kuru, i-ku, a-ku Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGA-b Bangwe+
Okomanjang
Befang, menchum-S. Befang environs Cameroon (North-West) 4*
99-AGA-ba ge gu, be-fang "proper", beba-befang, a-be-fang Beba-Befang Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGA-bb ba-ngwe ngwe, ba-ngui, ba-ngwi Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGA-bc o-komanjang komanjang, o-koromandjang, n-koromanjang Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGA-bd o-bang-2 -bang Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGB ATONG+ BUSAM net TADKON, momo-W.
99-AGB-a Atong+ Busam Cameroon (North-West) 4*
99-AGB-aa a-tong+ e-kaw Batibo-NW. subdivision Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGB-aaa a-tong (North-West)
99-AGB-aab a-kanunku (North-West)
99-AGB-aac e-kaw (North-West)
99-AGB-aad a-njing (North-West)
99-AGB-ab n-gemba+ am-bele "pseudo"-meta distinct from adjacent [99] Meta+ Ngwo Mbengwi-
SE. Batibo-E. subdivisions
99-AGB-aba m-bu ba-fuchu, ba-focu, ba-forchu Bafuchu (North-West)
99-AGB-abb n-ja ban-ja, n-ga Nja (North-West)
99-AGB-abc n-gemba n-gamambo n-gamambo, n-gembo (North-West)
99-AGB-abd me-nka (North-West)
99-AGB-abe am-bele Batibo-E. subdivision (North-West)
99-AGB-ac bu-sam Batibo subdivision Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGB-aca bi-fang Bifang (North-West)
99-AGB-acb am-bambo Ambambo (North-West)
99-AGB-acc dinku Dinku (North-West)

99-AGC META+ MOGHAMO
net
momo-S.; part of "narrow" grassfield, "narrow" grafil
99-AGC-a Meta+ Moghamo Cameroon (North-West) 5
99-AGC-aa me-ta+ n-gwo Njikwa subdivision: Bafuchu Nja environs Cameroon (North-West) 4
99-AGC-aaa n-gwo n-gunu, ngwaw (North-West)
99-AGC-aab konda (North-West)
99-AGC-aac ba-sa bassa (North-West)
99-AGC-aad ikweri ekperi (North-West)
99-AGC-aae ba-nya (North-West)
99-AGC-aaf ba-ko (North-West)
99-AGC-aag o-korobi (North-West)
99-AGC-aah n-gishe o-shie (North-West)
99-AGC-aai n-gie bamin-ge, n-gi, min-gi, a-gie, u-gie (North-West)
99-AGC-aaj a-zem ngie-W. (North-West)
99-AGC-aak me-ta meta', metta, me-nemo, ba-me-ta, u-ta, mu-ta, chubo (North-West)
99-AGC-ab mo-ghamo mu-xamo, mo-gamaw, me-gamaw, including muywi Njikwa
subdivision: Bafuchu Nja environs
Cameroon (North-West) 4
99-AGC-aba iyi-rikum wi-dekum, wi-dikum, mbu-dikem, burrikem, tiwi-rkum (North-West)
99-AGC-abb ba-tibo moghamo-C. (North-West)
99-AGC-abc be-si moghamo-E. (North-West)
99-AGC-abd kugwe moghamo-S. (North-West)
99-AGC-abe n-jen n-dzen, n-yen (North-West)
99-AGC-ac mun-dani "lower" mundani Mamfe Fontem-N. subdivisions: Batibo>S. Cameroon (North-West) 4
99-AGC-aca ban-teng (North-West)
99-AGC-acb ba-mumbu ba-mumbo (North-West)
99-AGC-acc be-sali bessali (North-West)
99-AGC-acd be-cati be-tchati (North-West)
99-AGC-ace ba-nti -nti (North-West)
99-AGC-acf fo-lepi -lepi (North-West)
99-AGC-acg i-guambo -guambo, i-gumbo (North-West)
99-AGC-ach n-ko -ko, nkong (North-West)
99-AGC-aci fo-nange -nange (North-West)
99-AGD AGHEM+ LAMNSO
net
RING, part of "narrow" grassfield, "narrow" grafil
99-AGD-a Aghem+ Fungom "ring"-W. Cameroon (North-West) 5
99-AGD-aa fungom we 2, fungom-N. Fungom environs Cameroon (North-West) 4
99-AGD-ab e-su -su, umu-su, o-so, osso, so, n-dum, wi-isu*, fungom-S. Wum>E. Cameroon (North-West) 4
99-AGD-ac weh wi, we 3, ve Weh Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGD-ad a-ghem ghem, wum, yum, fum, ba-fum Wum environs Cameroon (North-West) 4
99-AGD-ae zoa Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGD-af kumfutu Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGD-ag kung Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGD-ah kuk Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGD-ai cha' Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGD-aj nyos Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGD-b Lamnso+ Nkom "ring"-C.+ "ring"-E. Cameroon (North-West) 5
99-AGD-ba bum bom, part of "ring"-C. Menchum Division Cameroon (North-West) 4*
99-AGD-baa su-bum Su-Bum (North-West)
99-AGD-bab laa-bum Laa-bum (North-West)
99-AGD-bb m-mem mem, m-me, m-men, bafou-meng, baf-meng, bafu-men, baf-men, part
of "ring"-C. Fundong>NW.: Mme-Bafumen
99-AGD-bc n-kom kom, bi-kom, bame-kon, itangi-kom, kong, part of "ring"-C.; including
mbizenaku Etang-Ekom, Itanga-Kom
99-AGD-bd ba-banki banki, ki-dzom, ki-dzem, finge, ke-jeng, part of "ring"-C. Babanki Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGD-be ba-banki-tungo part of "ring"-C. Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGD-bf kuo o-ku, u-ku, u-kfwo, part of "ring"-C. Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGD-bg lam-nso nso, nso', nsaw, nsho', lam-so, ba-nso, ba-nso', ban-saw, lam-nsok,
pan-so, "ring"-E. Bamenda>NE.: Kumbo
99-AGD-c Bamunka+ Vengo "ring"-S. Cameroon (North-West) 4
99-AGD-ca ve-ngo vu-no, ba-bu-ngo, ve-ngoo, ve-ngi, pe-ngo, ngo, nguu, ngwa, nge
Ndop>N.
99-AGD-cb ke-nswei ke-nsense Ndop>W.: Bamessing Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGD-cc ba-munka muka, ndop-bamunka, ba-munkun, niemeng, mbika Bamunka Cameroon (North-West) 4
99-AGD-cd wushi ba-bessi, a-bessi Cameroon (North-West)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AGE NGEMBA+
MUNGA'KA net
MBAM+ NKAM, part of "narrow" grassfield, "narrow" grafil
99-AGE-a Ngemba+ Bufe "wider" ngemba, mankon+ bafut Cameroon (North-West) 5
99-AGE-aa beba beba', bafut-N. Beba Bafut Cameroon (North-West) 4
99-AGE-aaa ba-baji ba-badji, ba-tadji, be-badji, mu-badji, bazhi, ba'azi, ba-ba'zhi (North-West)
99-AGE-aab biba (North-West)
99-AGE-aac shishong (North-West)
99-AGE-aad bombe (North-West)
99-AGE-ab bufe bufu, a-fughe, bafut-S. Bafut Cameroon (North-West) 4
99-AGE-ac mbili+ mbui Cameroon (North-West) 4*
99-AGE-aca ba-mbili mbili, mbele, mbogoe Bambili (North-West) 3
99-AGE-acb ba-mbui mbui Bambui (North-West) 3
99-AGE-ad mundum ba-mundum, ngemba-N. Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGE-ada anyang-2 mundum-N. (North-West)
99-AGE-adb mberewi mundum-S. (North-West)
99-AGE-ae n-gemba gemba, me-gimba, mo-gimba, n-gomba, n-guemba, ngemba "proper"
Tuba Bamenda-W. subdivisions
99-AGE-aea mangkunge mankunge, mankunu, n-kune, mu-kohn, mankon (North-West)
99-AGE-aeb ba-nde ba-ndeng, ba-nde', bida (North-West)
99-AGE-aec shomba ba-mechom, ba-mechon, ala-matson, almatson (North-West)
99-AGE-aed so-ngwa ngwa, n-so-ngwa, ba-ngwa (North-West)
99-AGE-aee ba-mbutu mbutu, mbotu, ala-matu (North-West)
99-AGE-aef ba-gangu akum (North-West)
99-AGE-aeg ba-njong njong (North-West)
99-AGE-aeh ala-tening alatining (North-West)
99-AGE-af ba-freng nkwen "proper" Cameroon (North-West)
99-AGE-ag menda-nkwe munda, ba-menda, mandankwe, nkwen 2 Cameroon (North-West) 3*
99-AGE-ah mbe'wi+ ba-
munkumbit
Ndop>SW. Cameroon (North-West) 3
99-AGE-aha mbwe'wi mbwu'wi, awi, bambuluwe, awing "proper" Bamukumbit (North-West)
99-AGE-ahb ba-munkumbit bamunkum, bamoukoumbit, bamenkoumbit, bamukumbit
Bamukumbit
(North-West)
99-AGE-ai ba-pinyi Bamenda>SW. Cameroon (North-West) 4
99-AGE-aia ba-pinyi-A. pinyin "proper" (North-West)
99-AGE-aib pelimpo (North-West)
99-AGE-b Limbum+ Mfumte "grassfield"-NE. Cameroon (North-West) 5
99-AGE-ba li-mbum mbum, mboum, wi-mbum, li-mbom, nsungi, ndzungli, ndzungle
Nkambe Ndu
99-AGE-baa tang (North-West)
99-AGE-bab war wa, wat, wot, mbwati (North-West)
99-AGE-bac wiya wiyeh, ndu Ndu (North-West)
99-AGE-bad dzodinka adere, arderi (North-West)
99-AGE-bb mfumte+ ntem Cameroon (North-West) 4
99-AGE-bba mfumte-A. nfumte Nwa>N. Nkambe>E. (North-West) 4
99-AGE-bbb lus (North-West)
99-AGE-bbc kofa Koffa (North-West)
99-AGE-bbd ndaktup bi-twi Nkambe>NE. (North-West)
99-AGE-bbe kwaja (North-West)
99-AGE-bbf ntem tshintshe (North-West)
99-AGE-bbg wanti wante, wongbo (North-West)
99-AGE-bc yamba+ mbaw mbubem, mbumbem, mbem, 'kaka', 'kaka'-yamba, bebaroe, boenga-
ko-muzok Nwa-C. subdivision
99-AGE-bca yamba-N. including ntong etc. (North-West)
99-AGE-bcb yamba-W. including kwak etc. (North-West)
99-AGE-bcc yamba-C. mfe, including nwa etc. (North-West)
99-AGE-bcd nkot (North-West)
99-AGE-bce mbaw mbo, mbe (North-West)
99-AGE-c Dschang+ Ngwe part of bamileke Cameroon (Ouest; South-West) 5
99-AGE-ca ngwe nwe, ba-ngwa Fontem subdivision Cameroon (South-West) 4
99-AGE-caa ba-mok (South-West)
99-AGE-cab fo-ntem (South-West)
99-AGE-cac fo-simobing Fossimobing (South-West)

99-AGE-cb dschang+ fomopea yemba, a-tsang, tchang Dschang Cameroon (Ouest; South-West) 5
99-AGE-cba dschang-V. "vehicular" dschang, in [52] Kamtok (Cameroon Pidgin): dschang-tok
=dschang-talk
Cameroon (Ouest; South-West) 5
99-AGE-cbb fo-ngo-ndeng (South-West)
99-AGE-cbc fo-to fo-tomena (South-West)
99-AGE-cbd fo-ngo-tengo fo-ngo-toro, fo-ntsa-tongo (South-West)
99-AGE-cbe a-sung-li-a-tsang -sung-li-a-tsang, dschang "proper" Foreke-Dschang (Ouest) 4
99-AGE-cbf fo-kowe Fokoue (Ouest)
99-AGE-cbg fo-tsetsa (Ouest)
99-AGE-cbh ba-mendu Bamendou (Ouest)
99-AGE-cbi ba-leveng (Ouest)
99-AGE-cbj ba-fu Bafou (Ouest)
99-AGE-cbk fo-ndonera Fondjonera (Ouest)
99-AGE-cbl fo-song-watseng Fossong-Watseng (Ouest)
99-AGE-cbm fo-mbap (Ouest)
99-AGE-cbn fo-tsatula Fotsatoula (Ouest)
99-AGE-cbo fo-mopea yemba-S. (Ouest)
99-AGE-cbp ba-lum yemba-SE. Baloum (Ouest)
99-AGE-d Megaka+
Ngiemboon
part of bamileke Cameroon (Ouest) 5
99-AGE-da ngombale Mbouda-NW. subdivision Cameroon (Ouest) 4
99-AGE-daa penyu (Ouest)
99-AGE-dab ba-mesing ba-messing Bamessingue-S., Bamessing-S. (Ouest)
99-AGE-dac ba-baju e-tsaso Babadjou (Ouest)
99-AGE-db ngiemboon ngyemboong, ngyemboon, nguemba Batcham Mbouda-S.
subdivisions
Cameroon (Ouest) 5
99-AGE-dba ba-laci Balatchi (Ouest)
99-AGE-dbb ba-mugong Bamougong (Ouest)
99-AGE-dbc ba-cam batcham Batcham (Ouest)
99-AGE-dbd ba-ngang (Ouest)
99-AGE-dbe ba-lesing balessing Balessing (Ouest)
99-AGE-dc me-gaka mu-gaka, men-gaka Cameroon (Ouest) 5*
99-AGE-dca tso-ghap ba-ngam, ba-gam, tso-gap, gham Bagam (Ouest)
99-AGE-dcb galim Galim (Ouest)
99-AGE-dcc ba-menjing Bamendjin (Ouest)
99-AGE-dd ngomba ndaa, nda'a Mbouda-S. subdivision Cameroon (Ouest) 4
99-AGE-dda ba-meso Bamesso (Ouest)
99-AGE-ddb ba-menjinda ba-menjina Bamendjinda (Ouest)
99-AGE-ddc ba-menjo Bamendjo (Ouest)
99-AGE-ddd ba-menkombo (Ouest)
99-AGE-dde ba-mete Babete (Ouest)
99-AGE-e Fu'sap+ Meka Ghomala, ghomala', part of bamileke Mifi Menoua-E.
Bamboutos-S. divisions
Cameroon (Ouest) 5
99-AGE-ea meka+ sa ngemba-S., ghomala-NW. Cameroon 5
99-AGE-eaa fu'da Bafounda (Ouest)
99-AGE-eab sa ba-nsoa (Ouest)
99-AGE-eac negha-pa-mungup mugum, mungum Bamougoum, Bamoungoum (Ouest)
99-AGE-ead meka Bameka (Ouest)
99-AGE-eae negha-munju monjo, ba-menjou Bamendjou (Ouest)
99-AGE-eb dengkwop+ te' ghomala-SW. Cameroon (Ouest) 4*
99-AGE-eba te' tie Batie (Ouest)
99-AGE-ebb pa Bapa (Ouest)
99-AGE-ebc dengkwop Bandenkop (Ouest)
99-AGE-ec fu'sap+ lang ghomala-NE. Cameroon (Ouest) 4*
99-AGE-eca lang Baleng (Ouest)
99-AGE-ecb fu'sap fusam, fulsap Bafoussam (Ouest)
99-AGE-ed yogam+ we bandjoun, ghomala-SE. Cameroon (Ouest) 5*
99-AGE-eda we Bahouan (Ouest)
99-AGE-edb ngo-man-jun ngo-man-j", jo, mandj", ban-djoun "proper" Bandjoun (Ouest)
99-AGE-edc ngo-ma-hum hom Baham (Ouest)
99-AGE-edd yogam Bayangam (Ouest)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AGE-f Fe'fe'+ Ghefa' "wider" fefe, "wider" fe'fe', part of bamileke Cameroon (Ouest) 5
99-AGE-fa mkwet+ ngam fe'fe'-N. Cameroon (Ouest) 4
99-AGE-faa la'fi Balafi (Ouest)
99-AGE-fab fotsa-tuala-2 Fontsa-Touala 2 (Ouest)
99-AGE-fac tungi' tuni' Fotouni (Ouest)
99-AGE-fad ngam nam Bangam (Ouest)
99-AGE-fae mkwet Fondjomekwet (Ouest)
99-AGE-faf ntii Fondanti (Ouest)
99-AGE-fb fe'fe'+ ghe-fa' fe'fe'-C. Cameroon (Ouest) 5
99-AGE-fba fe'fe'-V. "vehicular" fe'fe' (Ouest) 5
99-AGE-fbb njee njuu Bandja (Ouest)
99-AGE-fbc ghe-pa-pa-pwantu poantu Babouantou (Ouest)
99-AGE-fbd ghe-fa' -fa', xee-fa', ghe-la-fa' Bafang (Ouest)
99-AGE-fbe nee Bana (Ouest)
99-AGE-fbf nka' Banka (Ouest)
99-AGE-fbg ghe-kuu xuu-kuu, Bakou (Ouest)
99-AGE-g Nyep+ Meha Ndanda, nda'nda', part of bamileke Cameroon (Ouest) 4
99-AGE-ga nyep+ shingu ndanda-NW. Cameroon (Ouest)
99-AGE-gaa nyep Bangou (Ouest)
99-AGE-gab shingu Batchingou (Ouest)
99-AGE-gb undi-meha ndanda-NE. Cameroon (Ouest)
99-AGE-gba twefap twufap Batoufam (Ouest)
99-AGE-gbb dengfap Bandrefam (Ouest)
99-AGE-gbc ba-ngang-fokam (Ouest)
99-AGE-gbd ngwe-2 nuu Bangwa (Ouest)
99-AGE-gc unga-meha ndanda-S.+ W. Cameroon (Ouest)
99-AGE-gca mena muna Bamena (Ouest)
99-AGE-gcb ca' Batcha (Ouest)
99-AGE-gcc lekkwa' luk Balengou (Ouest)
99-AGE-gcd zue zuu Bazou (Ouest)
99-AGE-h Kwa'+ Mbiam kwa, kwa', part of bamileke Cameroon (Littoral; also Ouest) 4
99-AGE-ha mbiam+ tongave kwa-NE. (Littoral)
99-AGE-haa mbiam mbyam (Littoral)
99-AGE-hab takaka (Littoral)
99-AGE-hac tongave (Littoral)
99-AGE-had san (Littoral)
99-AGE-hae maha (Littoral)
99-AGE-hb kwa'+ milombe kwa-C. (Littoral)
99-AGE-hba kwa'-A. kwa "proper", be-kwa, ba-koa, ba-kwa', ba-koua Bakoua (Littoral)
99-AGE-hbb mi-pa po-pa Bapa 2 (Littoral)
99-AGE-hbc bosinga Babosinga (Littoral)
99-AGE-hbd fande (Littoral)
99-AGE-hbe makakan (Littoral)
99-AGE-hbf mi-lombe (Littoral)
99-AGE-hbg moya (Littoral)
99-AGE-hbh songong (Littoral)
99-AGE-hbi tongo (Littoral)
99-AGE-i Munga'ka+ Pamem Cameroon (Ouest; North-West) 5
99-AGE-ia mu-nga'ka+ ti -nga'ka, ba-li, li, ngaaka, mungaka Cameroon (Ouest; North-West) 4
99-AGE-iaa mu-nga'ka-V. "vehicular" mungaka, "church" mungaka, including "literary" mungaka (Ouest; North-West) 5*
99-AGE-iab bali-nyonga Bali (North-West)
99-AGE-iac ba-pakum Bapa (Ouest)
99-AGE-iad ti Bati (Ouest)
99-AGE-iae nde Bandeng (Ouest)
99-AGE-ib shu-pamem bamum, pamem, ba-moum, ba-mun, pa-mum, ba-mum Foumban
plus vehicular extension: Noun Mifi-N. Bamboutos-SE. divisions
Cameroon (Ouest) 5
99-AGE-iba shu-pamem-V. nun, noun, "vehicular" bamum Bamum script (Ouest)
99-AGE-ibb nkupa Nkouppa (Ouest)
99-AGE-ibc ba-pi (Ouest)
99-AGE-ibd ba-mali (Ouest)
99-AGE-ibe ba-mbalang tshirambo (Ouest)
99-AGE-ibf ba-fangi ba-fanji (Ouest)
99-AGE-ibg ba-ngolan (Ouest)
99-AGE-ic ma-menyan munyan, pa-menyan, ba-menyan, ba-menyam Bamenyan (Ouest; North-West)

99-AH NDEMLI chain
99-AHA NDEMLI net
99-AHA-a Ndemli Yabassi Yingui Nkondjok Cameroon (Littoral) 4*
99-AHA-aa ndem-li ndem-ba, ba-ndem, ba-yong Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AI TIGE+ BANDOBO
chain
99-AIA TIGE+ BANDOBO
net
TIKAR
99-AIA-a Tige+ Letumwu ti-kari, tikar +transition to [99] Tibea Cameroon (Centre-Sud; Nord;
Ouest)
4
99-AIA-aa le-twumwu tumu, ba-nkim, ma-nkim, in [51] Franais: tikar de Bankim Bankim Cameroon
99-AIA-ab kong tikari-E. Cameroon
99-AIA-ac ti-ge gamba, ngembi, gambai, in [51] Franais: tikar de Ngambe Ngambe Cameroon
99-AIA-ad nditam tige 2, tikari-S. Cameroon
99-AIA-b Bandobo Cameroon 3*
99-AIA-ba ba-ndobo ndobo, ndob, mburukem Cameroon
99-AJ BARONDO+ MBOO
chain
lundu+ mbo, n'kongsamba "hills", bantu-A11/15
99-AJA BARONDO+
LOKUNDU net
OROKO, lundu
99-AJA-a Barondo+ Bima oroko-W. Mundemba Cameroon (South-West) 4
99-AJA-aa ba-rondo -rondo, ba-lundu, lundu, londo, bantu-A11a Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJA-ab ngoro ngolo, bantu-A11b Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJA-ac do-tanga batanga+ bakoko, bantu-A11d Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJA-aca ba-tanga-N. -tanga-N. (South-West)
99-AJA-acb ba-koko -koko (South-West)
99-AJA-ad b-ima -ima, ba-ima, ba-uma, bantu-A11d Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJA-b Lokundu+ Lolue oroko-E., bakundu+ balue Kumba Cameroon (South-West) 4
99-AJA-ba e-kombe -kombe, e-kumbe, be-kombo, kumbe, kombo Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJA-bb lo-lue -lue, ba-lue, ba-rue, ba-bue, kundu-W., bantu-A12 Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJA-bc mbonge bantu-A11c Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJA-bd lo-kundu -kundu, ba-kundu, la-kundu, be-kunde, n-kundu, ba-wo, bantu-A11c Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB MBOO+ BALONG net manenguba+ ngoe
99-AJB-a Lefo'+ Balong ngoe-W. Mm Moungo divisions Cameroon (South-West; Littoral) 4*
99-AJB-aa le-fo' -fo', n-ho, ba-faw, ba-fowu, a-fo, bantu-A15a Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-ab ba-long -long, lung, "lower" balong, ba-lon, ba-lung, n-long, va-longi, bantu-A13 Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-aba ba-long-A. (South-West)
99-AJB-abb ba-yi (South-West)
99-AJB-b Mienge+ Nswase Mbo-NW. Cameroon (Littoral) 4
99-AJB-ba mi-enge ehwa-ngen, myenge, miyengen, "lower" mbo Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AJB-bb n-swase n-swasu, nsose, n-swose, ba-sosi, ba-sossi, ngen, bantu-A15c Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AJB-c Mboo+ Mbuu Mbo-NE. Cameroon (Ouest; adjacent South-
West)
4
99-AJB-ca nlaa-mboo Cameroon (Ouest) 4*
99-AJB-caa mbo-jang in [51] Franais: mbo de Dschang, bantu-A15g Dschang (Ouest)
99-AJB-cab sanchu in [51] Franais: mbo de Santchou Santchou (Ouest)
99-AJB-cb nlee-mbuu Cameroon (Ouest) 4*
99-AJB-cba ke-kem ba-kem, in [51] Franais: mbo de Kekem, bantu-A15g Kekem (Ouest)
99-AJB-cbb mboebo in [51] Franais: mbo de Mboebo Mboebo (Ouest)
99-AJB-cc eho-mbo' Cameroon (Ouest) 4*
99-AJB-cca eho-mbo'-A. in [51] Franais: mbo de Melong Melong (Ouest)
99-AJB-ccb mbo-sambo in [51] Franais: mbo de Sambo Sambo (Ouest)
99-AJB-d Mba'+ Mbog Mbo-C. Cameroon (Ouest) 4
99-AJB-da e-how-mba' ba-reko, bantu-A15g (Ouest)
99-AJB-db mwa-neka mua-neka, ba-neka, bantu-A15g (Ouest)
99-AJB-dc ma-nenguba mwa-nenguba (Ouest)
99-AJB-dd e-hobe-be-lon ehobu-belon, ba-londo 2, bantu-A15g (Ouest)
99-AJB-de e-ho-mkaa' ehob-mkaa, kaa, ba-kaka, bantu-A15f (Ouest)
99-AJB-df mwa-hed mwa-het, mwa-hes, mwa-hey (Ouest)
99-AJB-dg ma-nehas bantu-A15f (Ouest)
99-AJB-dh i-hobe-mbog ba-bong, bantu-A15f (Ouest)
99-AJB-di mbwase-nghuy nhuy, myamilo, ba-fun (Ouest)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AJB-e Elung+ Mwambong Akoose, a-koose, a-kosi, kosi, koose, ba-kossi, be-koose, n-kosi, n-
koosi, bantu-A15d; including ba-kossi-N., ba-kossi-W., ba-kossi-S.
Bangem Tombel subdivisions
Cameroon (South-West; adjacent
Littoral)
4
99-AJB-ea ba-nyue Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-eb e-lung+ nhia e-long, n-long, a-long Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-eba e-lung (South-West)
99-AJB-ebb nhia (South-West)
99-AJB-ec ba-bubog ba-bubock Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-ed e-bamut Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-ee ngemenge ngemengu, ngemengoe, ngemingu, mwa-ngem, bangem Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-ef mbw-ogmut Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-eg n-nenong n-nenon, ninong, nnenu Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-eh ma-nyue Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-ei mwa-mbong Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-ej mwa-menam moua-menam, mua-menam Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-ek mw-etan Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-eka mw-etan-N. (South-West)
99-AJB-ekb mw-etan-S. (South-West)
99-AJB-el mw-etug+ mwa-
sundem
99-AJB-ela mw-etug (South-West)
99-AJB-elb mwa-sundem (South-West)
99-AJB-f Lekongo -kongo Cameroon (South-West) 3*
99-AJB-fa le-kongo le-kono, n-kongo, nkongho, nkongwa, nkongoa, kongoa Cameroon (South-West)
99-AJB-g Bongkeng Cameroon (Littoral; adjacent
South-West)
3*
99-AJB-ga bongkeng bonken, bonkeng, bonkenge, pendia, bantu-A14 Cameroon (Littoral; adjacent
South-West)
99-AK BUBE chain "insular" bube, "insular" bubi, bantu-A31
99-AKA BUBE net bantu-A31
99-AKA-a Bube bubi, bu-be, bo-be, boo-be, m-boo-be, ediya, adija, adeeyah,
"fernandian", bantu-A31 Fernando Poo, Macias Nguema island
Equatorial Guinea (Fernando Poo,
Macias Nguema)
4
99-AKA-aa bu-be-N. bantu-A31a Equatorial Guinea (Fernando Poo,
Macias Nguema)
99-AKA-ab bu-be-SW. bantu-A31b Equatorial Guinea (Fernando Poo,
Macias Nguema)
99-AKA-ac bu-be-SE. bantu-A31c Equatorial Guinea (Fernando Poo,
Macias Nguema)
99-AL TULING+
NOMAANDE chain
bantu-A44/46
99-ALA TULING+ NYO'O net "WIDER"-TUNEN
99-ALA-a Nyo'o+ Fung nyokon, bantu-A45 Maknn district Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 4*
99-ALA-aa ni-nyo'o ny', nyo'on, nyokon "proper" Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ALA-ab fung Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ALA-b Tuling+ Itundu Tunen, tu-nen, ba-nen, ba-nend, pe-nin, pe-nyin, nenni-nyo'o, bantu-
A44 Ndikinimeki Makenene Yingui-E. subdivisions
Cameroon (Centre-Sud; also
Littoral)
4
99-ALA-ba to-boan tunen-C. Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ALA-bb tu-ling e-ling, a-linga, tunen-SW. Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ALA-bc mese ninguessen. pa-ningesen, sese, yambeta 2, tunen-E. Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ALA-bd i-tundu Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ALA-be lo-gananga Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ALA-bf ndog-bang Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ALA-bg ndok-biakat Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ALA-bh ndok-tuna Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ALB NOMAANDE+
TUOTOMP net
99-ALB-a Nomaande+
Tuotomp
bantu-A46 Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 3
99-ALB-aa no-maande maande, o-mand, nu-mand, no-maante, noo-maante, le-mande,
mandi, mande, pimenc Bafia>SW.
Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 3
99-ALB-ab tuo-tomp tuo-tomb, bo-tomp, otang-atomb, atomb, bonek, ponek, poneck
-translingual in [99] Tuling+ Itundu (Tunen) Bonek
99-AM LEFA'+ HIJUK chain bafia, bantu-A51/54
99-AMA HIJUK net
99-AMA-a Hijuk Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 3*
99-AMA-aa hijuk Bokito-SW.: Niko Cameroon (Centre-Sud)

99-AMB LEFA'+ TIBEA net BAFIA
99-AMB-a Lefa'+ Tibea Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 4
99-AMB-aa le-fa' -fa', le-fak, ba-lom, bantu-A51 Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 4
99-AMB-ab ti-ngong ba-ngong Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AMB-ac zakan Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AMB-ad di-mbong -mbong, lu-mbong, le-kaalong, kalong, kaolong, bantu-A52 Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AMB-ae ri-kpa' kpa, bafia, rw-kpa, be-kpakl, be-kpa', bantu-A53 Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 4
99-AMB-af maja gwife Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AMB-ag ri-pey -pey, re-pey, fanga, ba-pe, ro-pe Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AMB-ah ti-bea -bea, tibea, djanti, le-ngayaba, -ngayaba, nya-bea, njanti, bantu-A54
+transition to [99] Tikari
Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AN NIGII+ NEDEK chain sanaga, bantu-A61/65
99-ANA NIGII+ NEDEK net
99-ANA-a Nigii+ Nedek njambeta, yambeta 1, yambetta Bafia-NW. Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 3
99-ANA-aa ni-gii nigi, begi-nibum Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ANA-ab ne-dek Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ANB NUGUNU+
NUYANGBEN net
bantu-A62
99-ANB-a Dumbule du-mbule Mbam district: Mbolo Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 3
99-ANB-aa du-mbule -mbule, mbola, mbolo, yambasa-NW. Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 3
99-ANB-b Nugunu+ Nutongi Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 4
99-ANB-ba nu-tongi+ nu-cala -gunu, -gounou, beke, behie Ombessa Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ANB-baa nu-tongi gunu-N., nu-tongi "proper" (Centre-Sud)
99-ANB-bab nu-cala -cala (Centre-Sud)
99-ANB-bb nu-gunu gunu-S., gunu "proper" Ombessa>S. (Centre-Sud)
99-ANB-c Nuyangben+ Nulibie wekele, yambasa "proper" Bokito>S. Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 4
99-ANB-ca nu-libie -libie, be-lip, e-lip, libye Elip canton Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ANB-cb nu-yangben -yangben Yangben canton Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 3
99-ANB-cba nu-kalonge -kalonge (Centre-Sud)
99-ANB-cbb nu-mendo -mendo (Centre-Sud)
99-ANB-cbc nu-tanga -tanga (Centre-Sud)
99-ANB-cc m-maala -maala, m-mala, benyi Mmala canton (Centre-Sud) 3
99-ANB-d Nubaca yambasa-S. Mbam district: Bongo Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 4
99-ANB-da nu-baca -baca. tu-baca, bongo, bango Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-ANC TI net bantu-A65
99-ANC-a Bati 'bush' bati, in [51] Franais: bati 'de brousse' Sanaga right-bank: near
Monatele
Cameroon (Centre-Sud; Littoral) 3
99-ANC-aa ba-ti-ba-ngong ba-ti, ti, baca, tu-baca Cameroon (Centre-Sud; Littoral)
99-ANC-b Leti bantu-A65 Sanaga left-bank: above Monatele Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 4
99-ANC-ba le-ti -ti, ba-ti, mengisa community secret language, spoken alongside [99]
Njowi (Mangisa 'open' language)
99-AND TUNGORO+ TONJO
net
TUKI, bantu-A61+ A64
99-AND-a Tungoro+ Tonjo Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 4
99-AND-aa tu-ngoro -ngoro, -ki, ti-ki, a-ki, u-ki, tu-ki "proper", bantu-A61 Mbam district:
Ngoro
99-AND-ab tu-kombe -kombe, wa-kombe, ba-kombe Mbam district Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AND-ac to-njo -njo, bu-njo, bou-djou Mbam district Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AND-ad tu-tsingo -tsingo, ba-tsingo Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AND-ae to-cenga -cenga, cinga, tsinga, bantu-A64 Mbam, Lki districts Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AND-af tu-mbele -mbele, ba-mbele, mvele, ba-mvele Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AO SEKIYANI chain "corisco bay", seki, bantu-B21
99-AOA SEKIYANI net
99-AOA-a Sekiyani Gabon (Estuaire) 3
99-AOA-aa sekya-ni sekiani, seki, sheke, seke, be-seki, shekiyana, bulu, bantu-B21
Corisco bay -bilingual in [99] Fang
Gabon (Estuaire) 3
99-AOA-aaa sekiya-ni-S. Corisco-S. bay: Cap Esterias-E. coast (Estuaire)
99-AOA-aab sekiya-ni-E. Corisco-E. bay: Cocobeach-S. coast (Estuaire)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AP MPONGWE+
AJUMBA chain
myene, bantu-B11+ B22c+ B31/32 #In the citation of the names of
Bantu languages in other sources, prefixes are sometimes
distinguished by deferring the upper-case initial letter to the beginning
of the stem, e.g. isiZulu. In the Linguasphere Register, this device is
employed for the citation of the reference names of outer-languages, in
bold-type, but only from this chain [99-AP] onwards (since the
separation of prefix from stem is often less straightforward in the
languages of West Africa listed up to this point).
99-APA MPONGWE+
OMYENE net
o-myene
99-APA-a mPongwe bantu-B11a Gabon (Estuaire) 4
99-APA-aa m-pongwe -pongw, mpungwe, npongwe, n-pongu, m-pongou Gabon-estuary Gabon (Estuaire) 3
99-APA-aaa m-pongwe-N. Gabon-N. estuary (Estuaire)
99-APA-aab m-pongwe-S. Gabon-S. estuary (Estuaire)
99-APA-b oMyene+ nKomi bantu-B11b/c+ e Gabon 4
99-APA-ba o-myene galwa, xalwa, galoa, galua, galloa, bantu-B11c Gabon (Moyen-Ogoou)
99-APA-baa lambarn Lambarn (Moyen-Ogoou)
99-APA-bab onangu Onangu lake (Moyen-Ogoou)
99-APA-bb o-rungu rongo, bantu-B11b Cap Lopez coast Gabon (Ogoou-Maritime) 4
99-APA-bc n-komi -komi, n'komi, bantu-B11e Sett-Cama-N. coast Gabon (Ogoou-Maritime) 4
99-APA-bd e-nenga Gabon 3
99-APB AJUMBA+
GETSOGO net
jumba+ tsogo, bantu-B11d+ B22c+ B31/32
99-APB-a aJumba Ogoou+ Ngouni confluence left-bank: opposite Lambarn Gabon (Moyen-Ogoou) 3
99-APB-aa a-jumba -jumba, a-dyumba, a-djumba, himba, bantu-B11d (Moyen-Ogoou) 3
99-APB-b aPinji N'gouni right-bank between Eleke Fougamou Gabon (N'gouni) 3
99-APB-ba a-pinji -pinji, ga-pinji, a-pindji, gha-pindji, a-pindje, bantu-B31-part (N'gouni) 3
99-APB-c oKande Ogoou valley: Boou downstream Gabon (Ogoou-Ivindo) 4
99-APB-ca o-kande -kande, kanda, bantu-B32 (Ogoou-Ivindo) 4
99-APB-d geTsogo N'gouni right-bank: Mouila-N.+ E. Gabon (N'gouni) 4
99-APB-da ge-tsogo -tsogo, ghe-cogho, xe-coxo, mi-tsogo, mi-tsogho, bantu-B31 (N'gouni) 4
99-APB-e iBubi Koulamotou-W.: between M'bigou N'djol Gabon (Ogoou-Lolo) 3
99-APB-ea i-bubi -bubi, "continental" bubi, bhubhi, vuvi, i-vuvi, pove, eviia, bubi-S.,
bantu-B22c distinct from [99] Bube (Bubi)
(Ogoou-Lolo) 3
99-AQ INGONDI chain kadei, bantu-C11
99-AQA INGONDI net
99-AQA-a iNgondi Kadei valley Central African Rep.; Congo 3
99-AQA-aa i-ngondi -ngondi, ngundi-W. Central African Rep.; Congo 3
99-AQA-aaa i-ngondi-N. Kadei valley: between Nola Bayanga Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha)
99-AQA-aab i-ngondi-S. Kadei left-bank: Ouesso upstream Congo (Sangha)
99-AR PANDE+ BUGONGO
chain
mambr, bantu-C12
99-ARA PANDE+ BUGONGO
net
99-ARA-a Pande+ Ikenga i-pande, fande, njeli, ndjeli, nyeli, nzeli, li-nyeli, li-nzeli, bantu-C12a Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha; Lobaye); Congo
(Likouala)
3
99-ARA-aa mambere-pande Mambr valley: Nola upstream Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha)
99-ARA-ab mbaere-pande Mbar valley Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha; Lobaye)
99-ARA-ac bodengue-pande Bodengue valley Central African Rep. (Lobaye)
99-ARA-ad kongwala ibenga-pande Ibenga valley Congo (Likouala)
99-ARA-ae i-kenga -kenga, motoba-pande Motoba valley Congo (Likouala)
99-ARA-b buGongo Sangha forest: Sangha upper river>E. Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha)
3*
99-ARA-ba bu-gongo -gongo, bo-gongo, bo-bongo, bo-ngili, bantu-C12b Central African Rep. (Haute-
Sangha)
99-AS LIBAATI+ KIBIRA
chain
"middle congo", bantu-C43/45+ bantu-D21+ D31/35, 'sub-bantu'
99-ASA LIBAATI+ LIBWALI
net
bantu-C43/44 #with use of indigenous classificatory terms to
distinguish outer languages, meaning he/she says (listed below, as
alternative reference-names)
99-ASA-a liBaati+ liGbe Napagisene #na-pagisene =he/she says, bengi+ baati, baati+ gbe,
bantu-C43
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire; Equateur
margins)
4
99-ASA-aa li-benge -benge, ba-benge Ul right-bank (2 enclaves) Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-ab li-baati -baati, le-baati, ba-baati, bati Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-aba bo-lende (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-abb lowama part of ba-baati+ loomia (Haut-Zaire)

99-ASA-ac li-gbaase ibembo, part of ba-baati+ loomia- Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-ad bo-ganga bo-yanga Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-ada bo-ganga-A. Momi (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-adb bo-yanga (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-ae li-gbe -gbe, ba-gbe Aketi Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-aea railway-ligbe in [51] Franais: ligbe du chemin-de-fer =railway ligbe (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-aeb bo-pandu (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-aec bo-bongono (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-aed labibi Ibembo (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-aee bo-ngongoli bo-ngbongulu (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-b eGulu+ eGezon Apagibeti #a-pagibeti =he/she says, pagibeti, pagabete, a-pakibeti,
a-pagibete, a-pagibeti, a-pakebeti, a-pakabeti, gulu+ gezon mainly
north of Dua valley
Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 4
99-ASA-ba e-gulu -gulu, e-guru, boguru 2, ba-bogulu, part of ngaye, part of apagibeti-
NE., apagabeti-NE.
Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-ASA-bb e-bugbuma -bugbuma, ba-bugbuma, part of ngaye, part of apagibeti-NE.,
apagabeti-NE.
99-ASA-bc e-gezon -gezon, e-gezo, e-gejo, part of apagibeti-NE., apagabeti-NE. Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-ASA-bca kashi (Equateur)
99-ASA-bcb lite (Equateur)
99-ASA-bd e-gbuta bagbuta Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-ASA-be a-pakebeti-yambuku Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-ASA-bf i-lombo +transition to [99] Binza Duwa valley Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-ASA-bg e-gezon-2 -gezon 2, e-gezo 2, e-gejo 2, a-pakibeti-a-bumombazi Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-ASA-bh ndaayi a-pagibeti-lisala-N. Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-ASA-bi mo-ngbapele -ngapele Businga Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-ASA-bj mo-mveda -mveda +transition to [99] Bwa Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-ASA-c liBwali+ liGanzulu Napagitene #na-pagitene =he/she says, na-pagibetini, bwa+
gazulu, bantu-C44 between Bima Ul valleys
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 4
99-ASA-ca li-bwa-li bwa, bua, bango Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 4
99-ASA-caa bo-kete Dingila Bambili (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cab bo-kapu Angodia (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cac bo-longwa Angodia (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cad bo-kiba Bombesa, Bambesa Zobia (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cae bo-gongeya Titule (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-caf bo-dongbale Titule (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cag bo-kipa bobwa-bokipa Kole (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cah libwa-kibuyi Tl left-bank (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cai libwa-muma Muma-S. (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-caj libwa-ibembo Ibembo (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cb yewu between Bima Ombo valleys Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 4*
99-ASA-cba bo-sanwa -sanwa Aponsa (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cbb bo-bita -bita (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cbc bo-gbawa -gbawa Zobia (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cc li-ngingita -ngingita, mo-ngingita (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cd le-lisi (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cda ba-lisi lisi "proper" (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cdb bolisi-ngayi (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cdc bo-gbaasa Likati (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cdd bu-nduli (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-ce li-wiinza -winza, -weenza Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cea ba-wiinza (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-ceb wiinza-makere (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASA-cf li-ganzulu bo-ganzulu Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASB LIKANGO net
99-ASB-a li-Kango Ul Likati Bima Api Ur Bomokandi valleys Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 4*
99-ASB-aa li-kango -kango, kango "creole" spoken among fisherfolk speaking languages
in same chain
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC LEANGBA+ LEBEO
net
bantu-C45
99-ASC-a leAngba+ leBeo Ngelima, angelima, bantu-C45 Aruwimi valley: Banalia Basoli
zones
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 4*
99-ASC-aa le-boro -boro, ba-boro, buru Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC-ab le-angba -angba, ba-angba, ba-ngelima, ba-ngelema, ngelima "proper" Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC-ac babendja-kalumete Kalumete valley Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC-ad bagenza-ibembo Ibembo valley Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-ASC-ae le-salia -salia, bo-salia Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC-af le-lima -lima, ba-lima Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC-ag le-bendia -bendia, bo-bendia Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC-ah le-tungu -tungu, wa-tungu, e-duumbi Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC-aha tungu-banalia (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC-ahb tungu-panga in [51] Franais: angelima de l'eau =water angelima (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC-ai le-beo Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC-aia malili-beo (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC-aib le-hanga -hanga, ba-hanga (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC-aic le-bendja -bendja, ba-bendja (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASC-aid le-genza -genza, ba-genza (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASD LILIKA+ LILIKO net
99-ASD-a liLika+ liLiko lika+ liko Wamba Rungu zones Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 4
99-ASD-aa li-lika+ li-liko ba-lika+ toriko Bariko Toriko Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 4
99-ASD-aaa li-lika -lika, ba-lika, ma-biti (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASD-aab li-liko -liko, ma-liko, toriko Toriko (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASD-aac i-iko -iko (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASE LIBAALI net bantu-D21
99-ASE-a li-Baali Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 4
99-ASE-aa li-baali -baali, -bali, li-bali, dhi-bali, ki-baali, ki-bali, ki-bala, bango, 'bwa-SE.',
bantu-D21 between Ituri Tshopo
99-ASE-aaa ba-kundumu -kundumu, baali-NE. (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASE-aab ba-keni -keni, baali-W., including baali-kondolole (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASE-aac bo-mili -mili, be-mili (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASE-aad bafwa-ndaka (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF EBUDU+ LINYAALI
net
bantu-D33
99-ASF-a eBudu+ liNyaali budu+ nyaali Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 5
99-ASF-aa e-budu -budu, ki-budu, bodo Nepoko opposite banks Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 5
99-ASF-aaa ma-koda -koda Nepoko right-bank (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-aab i-sombi wa-dimbisa Nepoko right-bank (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-aac i-neta timoniko Nepoko right-bank (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-aad ba-fwa-geda-W. ba-fwangada-W., "pseudo" lega-W., bafwagada-W., ba-fanio Nepoko
right -bank
(Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-aae ba-fwa-geda-E. ba-fwangada-E., "pseudo" lega-E., bafwagada-E. Nepoko left- bank (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-aaf ba-fwa-koyi -fwa-koyi, ba-fwakayi, including malamba Nepoko left-bank (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-aag malamba Nepoko left-bank (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-aah mahaa Nepoko left-bank (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-aai matta (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-ab i-ndaaka+ bombo -ndaaka, ndaka, ba-ndaaka Epulu valley: Mambasa-W. Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 3
99-ASF-aba i-ndaaka -ndaaka, ndaka, ba-ndaaka Bandaka district (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-abb bombo Bombo district (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-ac i-beeke -beeke, beke Ituri left-bank Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 2
99-ASF-aca beeke-NE. (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-acb beeke-SW. (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-ad i-mbo -mbo, ki-mbo, mbu, moondo Bombo district Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-ae li-nyaali+ li-bombi Kilo district Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 4
99-ASF-aea li-nyaali -nyaali, li-nyali, nyari, nyali-kilo, nyaali-N., bantu-D33 (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-aeb huku hoko (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-aec li-bombi (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-aed mbuba (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASF-af li-vanuma b-vanuma, ba-mbutuku, nyali-tchabi Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire); adjacent
Uganda
3
99-ASG KIKUUMU+ EBHELE
net
99-ASG-a Kikuumu+ Ebhele kuumu+ bhele, bantu-D35 Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire; Kivu-N.) 5
99-ASG-aa ki-kuumu -kuumu, ki-kumu, ki-komo, ki-kumo, ba-kuumu, bantu-D35 (Haut-Zaire; Kivu-N.) 5
99-ASG-aaa ba-kuumu-NW. ba-doombi, tshopo-bakuumu Tshopo valley (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-aab kuumu-loya ba-kuumu-W. (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-aac ubundu-bakuumu in [51] Franais: bakumu de Ponthierville (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-aad opienge-bakuumu ba-kuumu-N. (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-aae lubutu-bakuumu ba-kuumu-C. (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-aaf lowa-bakuumu ba-kuumu-S. Lowa valley (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-aag kuumu-wanda (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-aah bakuumu-bazimba (Haut-Zaire)

99-ASG-ab e-bhele -bhele, ba-pere, pere, pili, piri, peri, i-bili, ki-pili, ki-pere, bantu-D31 Congo/Zaire (Kivu-N.) 4
99-ASG-aba e-leedji -leedji, leje, ba-leje Manguredzipa (Kivu-N.)
99-ASG-abb e-tike -tike, ba-tike Mayi mountain (Kivu-N.)
99-ASG-abc ba-bhaidhomba -bhaidhomba, baidumba Avakubi (Kivu-N.)
99-ASG-abd ba-bhogala -bhogala, pokara (Kivu-N.)
99-ASG-abe ba-beka -beka Fungula-Meso (Kivu-N.)
99-ASG-abf ba-hokohoko -hokohoko Lubena (Kivu-N.)
99-ASG-abg e-bugombe -bugombe, ba-bhogombe, ba-pagombe, pakombe Semliki valley:
Kitobi
(Kivu-N.)
99-ASG-b Bila+ Mbuti Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire; Kivu) 3
99-ASG-ba e-bila Ituri district Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 3
99-ASG-baa e-bila -bila, ponthierville-bira Ubundi (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-bab bera-E. Kisangani distinct from [99] m-Kako+ be-Sembo (Bera) (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-bac beda "railway-line" bira, in [51] Franais: bira du chemin-de-fer =railway
bira
(Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-bb ki-bila -bila, -bira 2, ku-bila, ku-bira, bira-shari, "forest" bira, bantu-D32 Ituri
district
99-ASG-bba ki-bombi -bombi, li-bombi 2, ba-bombi, bila-W. Epulu valley (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-bbb bila-S. Oitshia (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-bbc ba-kwaanza -kwaanza, kwanza, mamba, ba-kwanza, part of bila-E. (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-bbd ba-yaku -yaku, part of bila-E. Lalwa (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASG-bc mbuti -mbuti, ki-mbuti, ku-mbuti, i-buti, "pygmy" ba-mbuti, bantu-D34 Ituri
district
99-ASG-bd i-kaiku Ituri district Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 2*
99-ASH KIBIRA+ KUAMBA
net
99-ASH-a kiBira+ kuAmba Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire); Uganda
adjacent
5
99-ASH-aa ki-bira -bira, bila 2, bira-NE., "plains" bira below Blue mountains: Bunia Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 5
99-ASH-ab ku-amba -amba, kwamba, rwamba, hamba, hambo, lu-bulebule, bulibuli,
ruwenzori bira
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire); adjacent
Uganda
3
99-ASH-aba ku-amba-A. kwamba "proper" (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASH-abb ki-humu -humu, ki-gumu (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASH-abc lu-bulebule -bulebule, bulibuli (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASH-abd ki-hyanzi -hyanzi, hianzi (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASH-abe ku-suwa (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASI LIKARILI net
99-ASI-a liKarili Ul right-bank (scattered) Central African Rep. (Haut-
Mbomou); Congo/Zaire (Haut-
Zaire)
3
99-ASI-aa li-kari-li -kari, kare Central African Rep. (Haut-
Zaire)
3
99-ASI-aaa kari-NW. (Haut-Mbomou)
99-ASI-aab kari-SE. (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASJ LINGBEE net
99-ASJ-a liNgbee Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 4
99-ASJ-aa li-ngbee -ngbee, lingbe, ma-ngbele Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 4
99-ASJ-aaa niangara Niangara (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASJ-aab gombari Gombari (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASK BODO+ BOGURU net SUDANIC-FRINGE
99-ASK-a Bodo Central African Rep. (Haut-
Mbomou); Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal);
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
2
99-ASK-aa bodo-S. (Haut-Mbomou) 2
99-ASK-ab bodo-N. extinct (Bahr-el-Ghazal) 0
99-ASK-b boGuru+ Homa guru+ homa Central African Rep. (Haut-
Zaire); Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
3*
99-ASK-ba ba-banga -banga, ba-bango, homa-S. Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASK-bb homa extinct in 1975 Mopoi Tambura Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal) 0
99-ASK-bc bo-guru -guru, ba-bagoro, bagoro Central African Rep. (Haut-
Zaire); Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
3*
99-ASK-bca ko-guru ko-goro (Haut-Mbomou)
99-ASK-bcb bo-guru-A. ba-gbele (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASK-bcc ba-bukur -bukur, bukuru, bukum (Bahr-el-Ghazal)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-ASL BUNGBINDA net
99-ASL-a buNgbinda ngbinda, ba-ngbinda Congo/Zaire; Sudan 1*
99-ASL-aa bu-ngbinda-S. ngbinda-S. Congo/Zaire 1*
99-ASL-ab bu-ngbinda-N. ngbinda-N. extinct by 1975 Sudan 0
99-ASM LINYANGALE+
GBATIRI net
99-ASM-a liNyangale+ Gbatiri nyanga+ gbati, bantu-J40 Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire); Central
African Rep.
4*
99-ASM-aa li-nyanga-le -nyanga, nyanga-le, nyanga-li Watsa>SW. Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASM-ab gbati-ri gbote Isiro Watsa Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ASM-ac ma-yeka Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire); Central
African Rep.
99-AT OLOMBO+
KESONGOLA* chain
LOWER-LUALABA, bantu-C51/56+ D11/14+ D24+ D26 +covering a
chain of confused inter-Bantu relationships, at least partly the result of
re-convergence among previously separated languages
99-ATA AMBESA+
LOMBOOKI net
99-ATA-a aMbesa bantu-C51/53 Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 3*
99-ATA-aa a-mbesa -mbesa, um-mbesa, mo-besa, mo-mbesa, bo-mbesa, bantu-C51 Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATA-b ligeSogo basoko-N. Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 3
99-ATA-ba li-ge-sogo -so, ge-sogo, he-so, e-so, ba-soa, ba-soko, soko, bantu-C52 Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 3
99-ATA-c loMbooki+ liKolo Poke, to-poke, to-poki, to-voke, foke, voke, puki, ge-sogo, soko 2, e-so
2, "pseudo" lokele, mbooki+ kolo, bantu-C53
99-ATA-ca lo-mbooki -mbooki Lomami valley Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATA-cb li-ombo ol-ombo, turumbu, to-poke "proper", lyombo Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATA-cc wenge Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATA-cd ba-uma Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATA-ce ya-ba-undu Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATA-cf lu-olambila ba-lu-ombila Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATA-cg li-kolo Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATA-ch li-u-twa poke twa, "pygmy" topoki Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATA-d liNga Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 3*
99-ATA-da li-nga -nga Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB OLOMBO+ LOKELE
net
mbole, bantu-C54/56+ D11
99-ATB-a oLombo lombo, u-lumbu, tu-rumbu, i-lombo, bantu-C54 Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 4
99-ATB-aa o-lombo-E. lombo-E. Zare right-bank Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-ab o-lombo-W. lombo-W. Zare left-bank Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-b loKele+ liLeko kele-E.+ leko, bantu-C55 Lomami+ Zare confluence Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 5
99-ATB-ba lo-kele -kele-E., "vehicular" kele, e-kele, kili, li-kelo, li-kile, ya-kusu, bantu-C55 Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-bb ya-wembe -wembe Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-bc li-leko -leko Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-bd mo-ngabe -ngabe Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-be mo-lwa -lwa Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-bf m-booso -booso Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-bg ya-li-koka -koka Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 3
99-ATB-bh yuani liande-lia-likolo Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-c liFoma foma, fuma, to-oli, -oli, bantu-C56 Zare right-bank: Basoko upstream Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 3*
99-ATB-ca ya-li-hila -hila Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-cb ya-li-kanza -kanza, ya-li-kandja, ya-o-kandja, yaokanja Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-d loOmbo+ loMbole-E. mongo-E., ombo+ mbole-E. Kisangani-SW. Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 5
99-ATB-da lo-mbole-E. mbole "proper", mbuli, bantu-D11 distinct from [99] lo-Mbole-W. Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-db ya-ikole -ikole, ya-ikoli Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-dc ya-amba amba-N., yamba Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-dd ya-ngonda -ngonda Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-de bo-tunga -tunga Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-df bo-kuma -kuma Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-dg ya-tanda -tanda Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-dh ya-tulia -tulia, tooli Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-di ya-isa -isa, ya-isu Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-dj inja Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-dk nkembe nkimbe, keembo Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-dl l-ombo ombo-N. Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-dm langa Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-dn jonga jongo Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-do mpundu Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)

99-ATB-dp hambo Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-dq kuti Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-dr lu-amba amba-S., lwamba Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-ds kamba-N. Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-dt lo-ombo ombo-S., hombo, bantu-C76 Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATB-du kori Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATC KINYAMITUKU+
CEENYA-NORTH net
99-ATC-a kinyaMituku+
cEenya-N.
mituku+ eenya-N. Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire) 3
99-ATC-aa c-eenya-kisangani -eenya-N., enya, tsheenya, ena, genya, genya-kisangani, bantu-D14
Lualaba right-bank: Kisangani upstream distinct from [99] c-Eenya-
Kisangani
(Haut-Zaire) 3
99-ATC-ab ki-nya-mituku -mituku, ke-nya-metoko, bantu-D13 Lualaba lower left-bank (Haut-Zaire)
99-ATD KILENGOLA net
99-ATD-a kiLengola Lualaba lower opposite banks Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire;
Maniema)
4*
99-ATD-aa ki-lengola lengola, i-lengola, lengora, "pseudo" ba-lega, "pseudo" lega, bantu-
D12
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire;
Maniema)
99-ATE KESONGOLA+
KEGENGELE net
"wider" binja
99-ATE-a keSongola Lualaba right-bank: Kindu downstream Congo/Zaire (Maniema) 3*
99-ATE-aa ke-songola -songola, binja-N., songoora-W., bantu-D24 Congo/Zaire (Maniema)
99-ATE-b Zimba+ cEenya-S. zimba+ eenya-S. +transition to [99] Nyanga+ Lega Lualaba right-
bank: opposite Kindu+ Kibombo
Congo/Zaire (Maniema) 4
99-ATE-ba zimba binja-S., bantu-D26 Congo/Zaire (Maniema)
99-ATE-bb c-eenya-kindu -eenya-S., genya-kindu distinct from [99] C-eenya-Kisangani Congo/Zaire (Maniema)
99-ATE-c keGengele Congo/Zaire (Maniema) 2
99-ATE-ca ke-gengele ngengele +vehicular of mixed Bantu origins Congo/Zaire (Maniema)
99-AU ISIZULU+ DUALA
chain
"INNER"-BANTU
99-AUA DUALA+ YASA net CAMEROON-COAST, part of "bantu-inner-northwest"
99-AUA-a moKpwe+ boMboko kpwe+ mboko, bantu-A21/27+ A32/34 Cameroon (South-West) 4
99-AUA-aa mo-kpwe -kpwe, mo-kpe, ba-kpwe, baa-kpe, ba-kwiri, ba-kweri, ba-kwedi, ba-
kwele, va-kweli, kwedi, kwiri, kwili, kweli, kweri, ujuwa, vambeng,
bantu-A22 Mount Cameroon coast & hinterland
99-AUA-ab bo-bea -bea, bo-be, bubia, bobe, wo-vea, bota, e-wota Cameroon (South-West) 2
99-AUA-ac bo-mboko -mboko, bu-mboko, wu-mboko, wo-mboko, ba-mbuku, ba-mboko,
bantu-A21
99-AUA-ad i-su isuwu, isubu, bimbia, bantu-A23 Bimbia estuary Cameroon (South-West) 2
99-AUA-ae ba-kole -kole, ba-kolle, ba-musso Bamusso Cameroon (South-West) 2
99-AUA-b Duala+ muLimba duala+ limba Cameroun bay (Douala) Mongo valley Wouri
valley
Cameroon (South-West; Littoral) 5*
99-AUA-ba duala duala "proper", douala, dualla, diwala, dwela, bantu-A24 Douala
estuary
(Littoral) 4
99-AUA-bb duala-V. duala "vehicular" (Littoral) 5*
99-AUA-bc bodiman (Littoral)
99-AUA-bd oli wouri, wuri, ewodi, wori, ewudi, ewori, uli, uri, ouri, bantu-A25 (Littoral)
99-AUA-be pongo ponge, bantu-A26 (Littoral)
99-AUA-bf mungo mongo, mungu, muungo, bantu-A26 (Littoral)
99-AUA-bg mu-limba ma-limba, lemba, mu-dimba, mu-dima, bantu-A27 Sanaga mouth
Edea-N. (2 enclaves)
(Littoral) 3
99-AUA-c baTanga+ baPuku Kribi coast Cameroon (Sud) 3
99-AUA-ca ba-tanga -tanga-S., bantu-A32 Cameroon (Sud) 3
99-AUA-cb ba-no'o -no'o, ba-noho, nohu, noh, noho, noko, noku, ba-noo, bantu-A32a Cameroon (Sud)
99-AUA-cc ba-puku -puku, puu, poko, naka, bantu-A32b Cameroon (Sud)
99-AUA-d Yasa+ Kombe Ntem estuary Cameroon (Sud); Equatorial
Guinea (Rio Muni-NW.)
3
99-AUA-da yasa yassa, lyassa, maasa, bo-ngwe, bantu-A33 Cameroon (Sud); Equatorial
3
99-AUA-db kombe ngumbi Cameroon (Sud); Equatorial
99-AUA-e Benga Corsico island; Libreville>N. Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni);
Gabon (Estuaire)
3
99-AUA-ea benga bienga, bantu-A34 Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni);
Gabon (Estuaire)
3

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUB BASAA+ BISOO
chain
LOWER-SANAGA, bantu-A41/43, part of "bantu-inner-northwest"
99-AUB-a baRombi+ baNkon Cameroon (South-West; Littoral) 3
99-AUB-aa ba-rombi -rombi, lombi, lombe, bantu-A41 Cameroun-N. mountain: Barombi
lakes
99-AUB-ab ba-nkon -nkon, a-bo, bon, bantu-A42 Wouri-W. valley Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AUB-b Basaa+ Nyamtam including bassa, basa, bisaa, 'mbene', bantu-A43a Cameroon (Littoral; Centre-Sud) 5
99-AUB-ba basaa-N. 'mbene-N.' Cameroon (Littoral) 5
99-AUB-baa ba-bimbi (Littoral)
99-AUB-bab bi-kok (Littoral)
99-AUB-bac nngo-nlong li-kol (Littoral)
99-AUB-bb basaa-ba-duala in [51] Franais: basaa de Douala Douala Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AUB-bc basaa-NW. Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AUB-bca basaa-ba-yabasi yabasi, yabassi Yabassi (Littoral)
99-AUB-bcb di-bubum di-boum Diboum (Littoral)
99-AUB-bd ndokama Wouri valley: Ndokama Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AUB-be ndokbele Wouri+ Nkam valley: Ndokbl Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AUB-bf ndokpenda Ndokpenda Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AUB-bg nyamtam Nyamtam Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AUB-bh basaa-C. "central" basaa, "generalised" basaa Cameroon (Littoral; Centre-Sud) 5
99-AUB-c biSoo+
diMbangbang
Koko, ba-koko, ba-kogo, kogho, bantu-A43b -translingual in [99]
Basaa Douala-S. Edea-SW. (scattered)
Cameroon (Littoral; Sud) 4
99-AUB-ca ba-koko-C. a-die, elog-mpoo, in [51] Franais: basoo d'Edea Edea Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AUB-cb bi-soo bisoo, basso, including basoo-ba-likol a-dia-ngok Logbikoy
Ngoklitouba
Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AUB-cc ya-kalag ya-kalak Yakalak canton Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AUB-cd ya-sug ya-suku, ya-soukou Dhan Yawanda Cameroon (Littoral; Sud)
99-AUB-ce ba-koko-W. 2 enclaves Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AUB-cea ya-poma Douala>S.: Japoma (Littoral)
99-AUB-ceb ya-byang+ ya-peke Dibombari>S.: Yabea Yapaki (Littoral)
99-AUB-cf di-mbambang di-mbang, bakoko-NW. Mbang canton Cameroon (Littoral)
99-AUC BEBELE+ EWONDO
net
SANAGA-OGOOU, beti-fang, bantu-A71/75, part of "bantu-inner-
northwest" +with transition among outer-languages throughout this
net
99-AUC-a beBele+ mVele beti-N. Cameroon (Centre-Sud; Est) 6
99-AUC-aa gbilgbil be-bil, bo-bili, bantu-A73b Bertoua>NW.: Long right-bank Cameroon (Est) 3
99-AUC-ab a-song -song Cameroon (Est or Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-ac be-bele -bele, ba-bulu, ba-mvele, mvele 2, bantu-A73a Sanaga upper left-
bank: Nanga-Eboko>E.
99-AUC-ad a-vek -vek, vuk, ba-fk, ba-fuk, ba-fek, ba-feuk, feuk, part of 'feuk' Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-ae le-pek -pek, puk, part of 'feuk' Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-af mengang* Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-ag ya-nga-fuk -fuk, ya-nga-vok, ya-nga-fek, yangafeuk, bantu-A72d, part of 'feuk' Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-ah eki o-mvang, ba-djia, ba-kja, ba-kjo, bantu-A72c, including yekaba
Nanga-Eboko>E.
99-AUC-ai ya-sem -sem, sum, a-sem Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-aj ye-kaba -kaba Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-ak ye-samba -samba Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-al m-vele -vele, ba-vele, ye-zum, be-bele 2, bantu-A72b spoken by a variety of
different communities or 'sub-communities', implying a variety of
dialects Sanaga valley (Nanga-Eboko) Nyong valley>S
99-AUC-am ye-zum-V. "vehicular" ye-zum, "vehicular" mvele, in [51] Franais: yesoum
populaire =popular yesoum
99-AUC-b eTon+ beYidzolo ton+ yidzolo, bantu-A71 Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 4
99-AUC-ba e-ton Cameroon (Centre-Sud) 4
99-AUC-bb esele essele Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-bc mvog-namve Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-bd mvo-nangkok Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-be be-yidzolo -yidzolo Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-bf njowi mangisa community 'open' language, spoken alongside [99] Leti
(Mangisa secret language)

99-AUC-c Ewondo+ Fang ewondo+ bulu+ fang Cameroon (Centre-Sud; Est);
Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni);
Gabon; Congo-NW.
6
99-AUC-ca ewondo beti-S., ewundu, kolo-beti, yaunde, yaound, jaunde, bantu-A72a Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-cb ewondo-V. "vehicular" ewondo, in [51] Franais: ewondo populaire =popular
ewondo
99-AUC-cc bene bunu, bane, bantu-A74b Mbalmayo environs Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-cd enoa enoah Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-ce evuzog evouzok, evuzok Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-cf fong Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-cg mbida-mbani mbida-bani Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-ch mvete Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-ci mvog-nyenge mvog-niengue Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-cj ya-be-ka ka Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-ck ya-be-kanga -kanga Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-cl ya-be-kolo -kolo, ye-be-kolo Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-cm bulu boulou, bantu-A74a, including "vehicular" bulu Cameroon (Centre-Sud; Est) 5
99-AUC-cn ye-bekolo ye-bukolo Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-co o-mvang ye-mvang Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-cp ye-linda -linda Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-cq ye-mbana -mbana Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-cr ye-ngono -ngono Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-cs zaman Djoum>E. Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUC-ct fang fang "proper", fn, fanwe, pahouin, pamue, pangue, including o-kak
community, bantu-A75
Cameroon (Centre-Sud);
Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo-
NW.
5
99-AUC-cu ntumu fang-N., ntum, ntoumou Cameroon (Centre-Sud);
Equatorial Guinea; Gabon
99-AUC-cv make fang-S., including ogowe, "ogoou-river" fang Gabon
99-AUC-cw mvany mvae, mvay, mvae fang Gabon*
99-AUD KAKO+ BEBENDE
net
UPPER-SANGHA, kako+ bebende, bantu-A81/87+ A91/93+ bantu-
B22b+ B23+ B25part, part of "bantu-inner-northwest"
99-AUD-a mKako+ beSembo kako+ sembo Cameroon (Est); Central African
Rep. (Haute Sangha); also Congo
(Likouala)
4
99-AUD-aa m-kako kako-E., kako "proper", kaka, di-kaka, nkoxo, kaga, yaka, bantu-A93 Central African Rep. (Haute
Sangha)
99-AUD-ab bera distinct from [99] e-Bila (Bera-E.) Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-ac be-sembo -sembo, mbe-sembo Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-ad mbo-butu -butu Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-ae mbo-do -do Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-af mbo-ngendi -ngendi Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-ag mbo-njoku -njoku, mbo-njo Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-ah mbo-rong -rong, mbo-ron Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-ai ngbako Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-aj ngonje Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-ak ngweje Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-b Pori+ Kwakum Cameroon (Est); also Central
African Rep. (Haute Sangha);
Congo (Likouala)
4
99-AUD-ba baki* m-baki Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-bb kinda including mambaya Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-bc asom azom Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-bca asom-N. (Est)
99-AUD-bcb asom-S. (Est)
99-AUD-bd beten bethen, pol-bethen, petem Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-be til til-beten, til-bethen Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-bf pori pol, pul, poli, bantu-A92 Cameroon (Est) 3
99-AUD-bg pomo pono, pol-pono, pol-pomo Cameroon (Est) 3
99-AUD-bh kwakum a-kpwakum, kpakum, bakum, pakum, a-bakoum, a-bakum, bantu-A91 Cameroon (Est) 3
99-AUD-c beBende+ beKol Makaa, ma-kaa, mu-kaa, ma-ka, ma-kya, bantu-A83 Cameroon (Est) 4
99-AUD-ca b-yep -yep, ma-kaa-N. Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-cb be-kol -kol, bu-kol, ma-kaa-S. Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-cc be-sep -sep, bu-sep Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-cd m-bws -bws, m-bwaanz Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-ce be-bende -bende, bu-bende, be-bent Cameroon (Est)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUD-d So s-so, bantu-A82 Cameroon (Centre-Sud; also Est) 3
99-AUD-da emvane-so Emvane district Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUD-db melan-so +influenced by [99] Ewondo-Fang Melan district Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUD-e Kwasio+ Mvumbo "wider" kwasio, bantu-A81 isolated from other languages of this net
by expansion of [99] Ewondo-Fang
Cameroon (Centre-Sud); also
Equatorial Guinea
4
99-AUD-ea mvumbo ngumba, ngoumba, mekuk Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUD-eb mabi mabea Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUD-ec kwa-sio -sio, bi-sio, bi-siwo Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUD-ed ba-gyeli -gyeli, ba-gyele, ba-jeli, bo-gyel, ba-gyeli "pygmy", part of cameroon-
SW. "pygmy"
99-AUD-ee ba-kola -kola, ba-ko, ba-koe, ba-kola "pygmy", part of cameroon-SW. "pygmy" Cameroon (Centre-Sud)
99-AUD-f nGyeme+ baJue koo-zime, bantu-A84 Cameroon (Est); also Congo
(Sangha)
4
99-AUD-fa ba-jue badjoue, bajwe'e Cameroon (Est);
99-AUD-fb n-gyeme n-djem, n-djeme, dzem, n-jm, n-yem, djem, koo-zime "proper",
kozime, zimu, n-zime, dzimou
Cameroon (Est);
99-AUD-g meDzime+ mPomam Mpo, m-po, mpong-mpong, dzime+ pomam Cameroon (Est); Central African
Rep. (Haute Sangha); also Congo
4
99-AUD-ga me-dzime me-zime 2, me-djime, me-nzime, bantu-A86a Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-gb m-pobyeng m-pobyong, m-bobyeng Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-gc popyeet Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-gd ba-gheto ba-ghuto, ba-geto, bagantou, banganto, bangantu-N. Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-ge m-pompo m-pmp, mpongmpong "proper", bombo, m-popo, m-bombo,
pongpong, boumboum, boumbom, m-bumbum, bantu-A86b, in [51]
Franais: kala de Sala
Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-gf m-pyemo m-bimu, m-piemo, bantu-A86c Cameroon (Est); Central African
Rep. (Haute Sangha)
99-AUD-gg bi-jugi bi-djuki, bi-juki, bi-djouki, bi-djori, bi-jori Cameroon (Est); Central African
Rep. (Haute Sangha)
99-AUD-gh bi-akumbo Cameroon and/or Central African
Rep.
99-AUD-gi bi-kum Cameroon and/or Central African
Rep.
99-AUD-gj kpabili Cameroon and/or Central African
Rep.
99-AUD-gk kunabeeb konabemb, konabem, kunabembe, n-kumabem, bantu-A85a Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-gl m-pomam boman, m-boman, m-poman, m-popan, in [51] Franais: konabem de
Boman Boumba valley
Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-h beKwil+ eSel kwil+ sel Ngoko valley Cameroon (Est); Congo (Sangha);
also Central African Rep. (Haute
Sangha); Gabon
4*
99-AUD-ha be-kwil -kwil, ba-kwil, be-kwel, ba-kwele, o-kpele, bantu-A85b Cameroon (Est)
99-AUD-hb e-sel sel, essel Cameroon (Est); Congo (Sangha)
adjacent
99-AUD-i boMwali Ngoko valley: Moloundou Ouesso Cameroon (Est); Congo (Sangha) 3
99-AUD-ia bo-mwali bo-mali, bou-moali, bu-mali, i-lino, lino, sangasanga Cameroon (Est); Congo (Sangha) 3
99-AUD-j aNgom ngom, ngoma, u-ngom, ba-ngom, ba-ngomo, ongom, ngomo, bantu-
B22b
Gabon (Ogoou-Ivindo; Ogoou-
Lolo; N'gouni); also Congo
4
99-AUD-ja ngom-mekambo Mekambo Gabon (Ogoou-Ivindo)
99-AUD-jb ngom-ogoou Ogoou middle valley Gabon (Ogoou-Ivindo)
99-AUD-jc ngom-koulamoutou Koulamoutou Gabon (Ogoou-Lolo)
99-AUD-jd ngom-sindara N'gouni valley: Sindara Gabon (N'gouni)
99-AUD-k aSake bantu-B25part Boou Gabon (Ogoou-Ivindo) 3*
99-AUD-ka a-sake -sake, shake Gabon (Ogoou-Ivindo)
99-AUD-l mBangwe bantu-B23 Gabon (Haut-Ogoou); Congo 3
99-AUD-la m-bangwe m-banw, m-bahouin Gabon (Haut-Ogoou); Congo
99-AUE AKELE+ ANDASA
net
UPPER-OGOOU, kele+ ndasa, bantu-B22a+ B24+ B25part, part of
"bantu-inner-northwest" +transition to [99] Congo-Basin
99-AUE-a aKele+ iKota Gabon; also Congo 4
99-AUE-aa a-kele -kele-W., kl-W., di-kele, bantu-B22a Mimongo (scattered) Gabon (Moyen-Ogoou ) 4
99-AUE-ab le-sighu sixu, mississiou Koulamoutou Lastourville Gabon (Ogoou-Lolo) 3*
99-AUE-ac i-kota -kota, i-kuta, kuta, kotu, bantu-B25 including many dialects, in
addition to those listed
Gabon (Ogoou-Ivindo ); also
Congo
4
99-AUE-aca kota bantu-B25part (Ogoou-Ivindo )
99-AUE-acb kota-2 bantu-B25a (Ogoou-Ivindo )
99-AUE-acc kota-3 bantu-B25b (Ogoou-Ivindo )

99-AUE-ad ma-hongwe bantu-B25part, including shama Mekambo Gabon (Ogoou-Ivindo); also
Congo
99-AUE-ada ma-hongwe-W. (Ogoou-Ivindo)
99-AUE-adb ma-hongwe-E. (Ogoou-Ivindo)
99-AUE-b Wumvu Lebamba-E. Gabon (N'gouni) 4*
99-AUE-ba wumvu wumbvu, mumbvu, wumbu, bantu-B24 including dialects Gabon (N'gouni) 4*
99-AUE-c aNdasa Franceville-S. Gabon (Haut-Ogoou) 3
99-AUE-ca a-ndasa -ndasa, ndash, ndassa Gabon (Haut-Ogoou) 3
99-AUF BOBANGI+ LIBINZA
net
UBANGI-CONGO, oubangi-congo, bantu-C13/17+ C21/27+ C31+
C37, part of "bantu-inner-northwest" +transition to [99] Congo-Basin
99-AUF-a Mbati Banaka Bolemba Zanga Ndea Central African Rep. (Lobaye); also
Congo (Likouala)
4
99-AUF-aa mbati isongo, lissongo, bantu-C13 Central African Rep. (Lobaye); also
Congo (Likouala)
4
99-AUF-aaa bolemba Bolemba (Lobaye)
99-AUF-aab mbati-mbaki Mbaki (Lobaye)
99-AUF-aac bwaka bouaka Bouaka (Lobaye)
99-AUF-aad bonzio bondjio Bondjio (Lobaye)
99-AUF-b diNgando+ diKota ngando+ kota, bodzanga Mbalo-S. Central African Rep. (Lobaye) 3
99-AUF-ba di-kota -kota 4, ba-kota-NE., bantu-C17 Central African Rep. (Lobaye)
99-AUF-bb di-kuta -kuta-NE. Central African Rep. (Lobaye)
99-AUF-bc di-ngando -ngando, ngandou, ba-ngandou, ba-gandou Central African Rep. (Lobaye)
99-AUF-c mBomitaba bomitaba, m-bomotaba, bomotaba, bamitaba, bantu-C14 Central African Rep. (Lobaye);
Congo (Likouala)
4
99-AUF-ca m-bomitaba-N. matoki Matoki (Lobaye)
99-AUF-cb m-bomitaba-C. epena Epna (Likouala)
99-AUF-d buNgili+ Ndaanda ngili+ ndaanda Likouesso district Sangha valley (Ouesso
Pikounda)
Congo (Sangha) 3
99-AUF-da bu-ngili -ngili, ngiri, bo-ngili, bo-ngiri, bu-ngiri, bantu-C15 Congo (Sangha)
99-AUF-db ndaanda kpala Congo (Sangha)
99-AUF-dc bo-mboli-W. bo-mbongo Congo (Sangha)
99-AUF-e boMboxo+ Ngare* mboko+ ngare Makoua-W. district Congo (Cuvette) 3*
99-AUF-ea bo-mboxo bo-mboko 2, mbuku, mboxo, ba-nbuku, bantu-C21 Congo (Cuvette)
99-AUF-eb ngare bantu-C23 Congo (Cuvette)
99-AUF-f Akwa* Makoua district Congo (Cuvette) 3*
99-AUF-fa akwa aka, bantu-C22 relatively isolated within this net Congo (Cuvette)
99-AUF-g Koyo* bantu-C24 Congo (Cuvette) 3*
99-AUF-ga koyo Owando Congo (Cuvette)
99-AUF-h mBoshi* bantu-C25 Mossaka district Alima upper valley Owando-S.
district
Congo (Cuvette; Plateaux) 5
99-AUF-ha m-boshi -boshi, mbochie, bosi, m-bosi including dialects Congo (Cuvette; Plateaux) 5
99-AUF-i liKuba* bantu-C27 Congo (Cuvette) 4*
99-AUF-ia li-kuba li-kuba-S. Alima Sangha lower valleys apparently distinct from
[99] le-Moi (li-Kuba-N.)
Congo (Cuvette)
99-AUF-j liKwala* Congo/Zaire (Equateur); Congo
(Cuvette)
4*
99-AUF-ja li-kwala -kwala, li-kouala, ma-kpala, bo-kwala, bantu-C26 Likouala-
Mossaka Sangha Likouala-aux-Herbes lower valleys
Congo/Zaire (Equateur); Congo
(Cuvette)
99-AUF-k loBala+ Tanda* bala+ tanda Dongo environs +transition to [99] Ngiri-SW. Congo/Zaire (Equateur); also
Congo
4
99-AUF-ka lo-bala -bala, lobalala, munoko-ngmwa-lobala, bantu-C16 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-kb m-poko -poko Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-kc lo-bala-S. Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-kd tanda Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-ke n-kolo -kolo Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-kf li-koka -koka Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-kg manganzi manganji Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-l liKaw+ boMboma* kaw+ mboma scattered communities -translingual in 99-Lingala Congo/Zaire; also Congo 4
99-AUF-la bo-mboma boba Bomboma Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-lb li-kaw -kaw, likau Budjala-SW. Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-lc li-ngonda -ngonda Ngonda Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-ld ebuku Ebuku Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-le bokonzi Bokonzi Congo/Zaire (Equateur)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUF-m leMoi moi, le-moye Congo (Cuvette) 4*
99-AUF-ma nkoboko Nkoboko Congo (Cuvette)
99-AUF-mb nsangasi Nsangasi Congo (Cuvette)
99-AUF-mc bolobo Bolobo Congo (Cuvette)
99-AUF-md li-kuba-N. apparently distinct from [99] li-Kuba Congo (Cuvette)
99-AUF-n boBangi -bangi, bantu-C32 Congo/Zaire; Central African Rep.;
Congo
4
99-AUF-na lo-bo-bangi -bangi, bu-bangi, bo-bangi, rebu Congo/Zaire; Central African Rep.
99-AUF-nb bo-bangi-V. "vehicular" bobangi, in [51] Franais: bobangi de traite =trade
bobangi +submerged in early 20th century by [99] Lingala
Congo/Zaire; Central African Rep.;
Congo
0
99-AUF-nc bo-bangi-mpombo Ubangi upper valley: Mpombo Central African Rep.; Congo/Zaire
99-AUF-nd bo-bangi-ubangi Ubangi lower valley Congo/Zaire; Central African Rep.;
Congo
99-AUF-o boKutu+ iNgbeele Doko, n-doko, kutu+ ngbeele, yumba +transition to [99] Ngombe Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 4*
99-AUF-oa i-ngbeele+ bo-longo Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-oaa i-ngbeele (Equateur)
99-AUF-oab apindi (Equateur)
99-AUF-oac bo-longo (Equateur)
99-AUF-oad bashwa (Equateur)
99-AUF-oae bo-bala (Equateur)
99-AUF-ob ndeke Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-oc bwela bweela, buela, i-lingi, lingi, bantu-S42 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-od mongombo Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-oe bo-kutu bokuto Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-of ingundji Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-og bu-mbiya bumbiya Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-oh mongala-boko likimi+ libayi Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-p iTembo tembo, mo-tembo -translingual in [99] Lingala Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 4*
99-AUF-pa tembo-bosanga Mongala valley Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-pb tembo-mbinga Mongala valley Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-pc bo-mbenga tembo-mokiri, "inner" tembo Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-pd tembo-banga-melo Banga Melo valley Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-pe tembo-mongala Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-pea molendo Mongala left-bank (Equateur)
99-AUF-peb popolo Mongala right-bank (Equateur)
99-AUF-pf tembo-banga-bolu Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-pg tembo-sumba Sumba island Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-ph tembo-ukaturaka Ukaturaka island Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-pi tembo-malundja +convergent towards [99] Ngombe Congo/Zaire
99-AUF-q nDoko+ Mimbo* doko+ mimbo, yumba 2 Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 4*
99-AUF-qa n-doko -doko 2 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-qb mimbo+ dyobo Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-qba mimbo (Equateur)
99-AUF-qbb mu-ndjinga li-jenga (Equateur)
99-AUF-qbc dyobo diobo Diobo (Equateur)
99-AUF-qc gomba doko-busu-mandji +convergent towards [99] Ngombe Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-r liBinza+ liGendza* "Wider"-Binza, "pseudo" ngombe, ngombe-E., binza+ gendza
#overlapping ethnolinguistic names to be clarified
99-AUF-ra i-bindja -bindja, binza-aketi, babindja, baduumbi, maway Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-AUF-rb li-binza -binza, li-bindja, li-binja, binza-ibembo Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-AUF-rc li-gendza-bumba -gendza-bumba, li-ngenja-bumba Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-AUF-rd li-gendza-yambuku -gendza-yambuku, li-ngenja-yambuku Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-AUF-re di-gendja -gendja, ba-gendja, ba-ngendja Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-AUF-rf binza-wiinza* ngombe-wiinza 2 (Haut-Zaire)
99-AUF-rfa binza-wiinza-W. (Haut-Zaire)
99-AUF-rfb binza-wiinza-E. (Haut-Zaire)
99-AUF-rg di-baali-ligendza -baali-ligendza Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-AUF-rh di-baali-wiinza -baali-wiinza Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaire)
99-AUF-s Manga+ Yanduku Buja-S., em-buja, em-budja Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 4*
99-AUF-sa manga+ bo-sanga Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-saa manga (Equateur)
99-AUF-sab waisalaka (Equateur)
99-AUF-sac bo-sanga -sanga (Equateur)
99-AUF-sad bo-ngoli -ngoli (Equateur)

99-AUF-sb yanduku+ itimbiri Itimbiri valley Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-sba buja-itimbiri (Equateur)
99-AUF-sbb yanduku (Equateur)
99-AUF-sbc yandunga (Equateur)
99-AUF-t boSambi+
boMbanga
Buja-N., e-buja, e-budja, sambi+ mbanga, bantu-C37 Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 5
99-AUF-ta bo-sambi-yamwando Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-tb bo-sambi-yamuwa Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-tc bo-sambi-botsholi Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-td bo-sambi-yamoloto Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-tda bo-sambi-yamoloto-A. (Equateur)
99-AUF-tdb yaliambi (Equateur)
99-AUF-tdc woonda (Equateur)
99-AUF-te yamiekoli Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-tea yamiekoli-A. yamikeli (Equateur)
99-AUF-teb yalokuli (Equateur)
99-AUF-tf libute-yanzila Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-tg yamandika Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-th e-bango -bango, mo-bango Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUF-ti bo-mbanga -mbanga, buja-manga-bongolu Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUG INGUL+ NJAAL* net MIDDLE-KASAI, ngul+ njaal
99-AUG-a Njaal* Congo/Zaire (Bandundu) 3*
99-AUG-aa njaal nzadi, nzari, ndjari, ndzali, nzali, ndje; a-njaal =river-community
Kasai left-bank (smalll riverine settlements)
(Bandundu)
99-AUG-b iNgul+ eNgwi* ngul+ ngwi the separate identity of these two neighbouring
languages requires clarification
Congo/Zaire (Bandundu) 4*
99-AUG-ba i-ngul nguli, ngulu, ngoli, ngodi, part of ngul, part of ngwi, perhaps the same
as ngul-W. (in Punkulu upper valley)
Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUG-bb e-ngwi -ngwi, ngoli 2, ngodi 2, part of ngul, part of ngwi, perhaps the same as
lwer, lori, ba-lori, perhaps the same as ngul-E. (in Punkulu lower
valley)
99-AUH KIMBALA+ KIHOLU
net
UPPER-KWENGE, H41+ L11/13, part of "bantu-inner-northwest"
99-AUH-a kiMbala ki-mbala, gi-mbala, ru-mbala, bala, ambala, apeenzi, ba-mpen, bantu-
H 41 Kwilu valley. Kwango lower valleys
Congo/Zaire (Bandundu) 5
99-AUH-aa ki-mbala-N. -mbala-N. Mbela Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUH-ab ki-mbala-S. -mbala-S. Mashi-Manimba Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUH-b giPhende+ kiSoonde phende+ soonde Congo/Zaire (Bandundu) 5
99-AUH-ba gi-phende -phende, pende, pindi 2, pinji, bantu-L11 Congo/Zaire (Bandundu) 5
99-AUH-bb ki-soonde -soonde, sonde Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUH-bc ki-lua -lua, ki-luwa, i-luwa Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUH-c kiKwezo Kikwit-W. Congo/Zaire (Bandundu) 4
99-AUH-ca ki-kwezo -kwezo, ki-kwese, kwese, u-kwese, pindi 3, bantu-L13 (Bandundu) 4
99-AUH-d kiHolu+ uSamba holu+ samba, bantu-L12 Angola (Malanje; Lunda); also
4
99-AUH-da ki-holu -holu, ki-holo, holo Kwango, Cuango middle valleys (Malanje; Lunda); also (Bandundu-
SW.)
4
99-AUH-db u-samba -samba, tsamba, tsaam, shankadi (Bandundu-SW.)
99-AUI LOMONGO+
LINGALA net
CONGO-BASIN, mongo+ lingala, bantu-C31/38+ C61/63+ C71/75+
C81/85, part of "bantu-inner-northwest" +transition to [99] Upper-
Ogoou, [99] Oubangi-Congo and [99] Bantu-Inner-West
99-AUI-a liKila+ Loi Ngiri-SW., nguili-SW., kila+ loi, part of 'gens d'eau', part of bantu-C31
#in [51] Franais: gens d'eau=water community Ubangi Congo
valleys
Congo/Zaire (Equateur); also
Congo
3
99-AUI-aa ba-loi -loi, loi-ngiri, bo-loi, rebu 2, loyi Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-ab ma-mpoko ma-kumu, ma-bele, including bo-kongo Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 0
99-AUI-ac li-kila -kila, ba-lobo, bangele 2, likila-mabena Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-ad mbondo Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 0
99-AUI-ae bo-mbemda -mbemda, mbonzi 2 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-af ba-ngele -ngele Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 0
99-AUI-ag dzamba jamba, makutu, jamba-makutu Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-ah batu-baloi baato-baloi, batu-ba-ebale, loi 2, loi-ngiri 2, mokolo, mboo Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-ai mpundza mbonzi 3 Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 0
99-AUI-aj mbonzi mbondzi Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 0
99-AUI-ak bo-laba -laba, likoka, mbonzi 4 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUI-al mbonzo-buburu including buburu etc. Congo/Zaire (Equateur); Congo
99-AUI-am mbonzo-imese including imese etc. Congo/Zaire (Equateur); Congo
99-AUI-an mbonzo-boyele including boyele etc. Congo/Zaire (Equateur); Congo
99-AUI-ao mbonzo-mikinda dongo-mikinda Congo/Zaire (Equateur); Congo
99-AUI-ap nunu* bantu-C31c Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-b liKoto+ liNgundu Ngiri-NE., nguili-NE., koto+ngundu, part of 'gens d'eau', part of bantu-
C31 #in [51] Franais: gens d'eau=water community Ngiri
Congo valleys
Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 3
99-AUI-ba bo-mboli-E. Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-bb li-binza-2 -binza, li-binja, lo-binza, ba-songo, balobo-ba-libinza Ngiri valley Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-bc ba-lobo -lobo, balobo-na-mpio, balobo-bonkula, balobo-bondjinga Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-bd bu-jaba -jaba, budjaba, maleke Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-be li-ngundu+ ebuku Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-bf li-koto-'amont' "upstream" koto, "upstream" kutu #in [51] Franais:
amont=upstream #language-name prefix to be confirmed
99-AUI-bg li-koto-'aval' "downstream" koto, "downstream" kutu, bobaka #in [51] Franais:
aval=downstream #language-name prefix to be confirmed
99-AUI-bh ba-mwe mamwe Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-bi dzandu djandu Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-bj lo-liba -liba, mo-liba Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-bk bo-niange -niange, including bobelu Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 0
99-AUI-bl e-waku -waku Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 0
99-AUI-bm monia monya Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-c boLoki+ Ndoobo including bo-loki, bo-logi, ba-loki, bo-leki, bu-luki, bantu-C36e Congo
Bend valley +converging towards [99] Lingala
Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 4*
99-AUI-ca bo-loki-S. "downstream" boloki Ruki valley Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-cb bo-loki-N. "upstream" boloki, boloki "du boucle" # [51] Franais du boucle =of
the (river) bend
99-AUI-cc ndoobo ndobo Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-d loMabaale+ diBaali mabaale+ baali Ngiri valley Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 4*
99-AUI-da lo-mabaale -mabaale, mabale, mbali Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-db li-panja li-mpandja Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-dc ma-banza Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-dd ma-bembe Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-de m-binga Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-df bo-nkembe ba-lobo-S., lobo-S. Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-dg bo-kula ba-lobo-C., lobo-C. Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-dh bo-djinga ba-lobo-N., lobo-N. Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-di di-baali -bali, baali, di-bali, baale, ba-baale, ba-bale Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-dia baali-mongala (Equateur)
99-AUI-dib baali-'eau-noire' # [51] Franais: eau noire= black-water (Equateur)
99-AUI-dj i-boko -boko, i-booko Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-dk doko-ngiri doko 3 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-e liKangana+ liPoto* luSengo, lo-sengo, including saw Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 5*
99-AUI-ea li-kangana bantu-C36f Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-eb bo-londo "upper" saw Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-ec n-dolo -dolo, n-doolo, n-dolu, 'bondokoyi, bu-ndulu Ndoolo marshes Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-eca i-liku eleko, leku, loleku, loleko, eleku, liko, bantu-C36g (Equateur)
99-AUI-ecb ndolo-bonginda (Equateur)
99-AUI-ecc li-mbudza mbudja, bantu-C36c (Equateur)
99-AUI-ed li-poto+ li-mpesa including -poto, u-poto, bantu-C36a Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-eda lipoto-bumba (Equateur)
99-AUI-edb li-kele -kele, bo-kele (Equateur)
99-AUI-edc lipoto-bumwangi (Equateur)
99-AUI-edd lipoto-esumba Sumba island (Equateur)
99-AUI-ede li-mpesa mpesa, lipoto-empesa, bantu-C36b (Equateur)
99-AUI-edf i-ngundji ngundzi (Equateur)
99-AUI-edg lipoto-mongo (Equateur)
99-AUI-edh kunda-poto kunda, including kumba (Equateur)
99-AUI-edi ya-kata (Equateur)
99-AUI-edj ya-mongeri (Equateur)
99-AUI-edk li-ombe (Equateur)
99-AUI-edl ya-mbuya (Equateur)
99-AUI-edm lipoto-mongala mongala-poto Mongala valley (Equateur)
99-AUI-edn lipoto-lusengo lusengo-poto (Equateur)

99-AUI-f liNgala ngala, bantu-C36d compromise vehicular, evolved within the area of
this net
Congo/Zaire (Bandundu; Equateur;
Haut-Zaire); also Congo
7
99-AUI-fa lingala-F. "standard written" lingala, in [51] Franais: lingala scolaire =school
lingala
Congo/Zaire, Congo
99-AUI-fb lingala-V. "vehicular" lingala, in [51] Franais: lingala populaire =popular
lingala
Congo/Zaire, Congo
99-AUI-fc bangala "vehicular" lingala-N. Congo/Zaire
99-AUI-fd mangala "vehicular" lingala-NW. Congo/Zaire, also Congo
99-AUI-g liNgombe+ liSena* ngombe+ sena Congo river-bend Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 5
99-AUI-ga dianga ngombe-SW., Ikelemba valley Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-gb li-ngombe -ngombe, ngombe "proper", koyi, ma-koyi Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-gba ngombe-CS. Congo left-bank Lopori valley (Equateur)
99-AUI-gbb ngombe-bomboma Bobey Kwala Busu-Ndongo (Equateur)
99-AUI-gbc ngombe-banga-bolo Saw Ngiri valleys (Equateur)
99-AUI-gbd ngombe-mongala Mongala valley: Ukaturaka island (Equateur)
99-AUI-gbe ngombe-akula ngombe-bombele (Equateur)
99-AUI-gbf ngombe-mbinga (Equateur)
99-AUI-gbg ngombe-lisala (Equateur)
99-AUI-gbh ngombe-mbati including mosimba Ubangi Lua valleys (Equateur)
99-AUI-gc kipoto ngombe-mbati 2 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-gd li-sena vulangba, ngombe-busu-mandji Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-ge ngombe-wiinza ngombe-busu-mandji 2 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-gf ngbolo ngombe-bosobolo, ngombe-NW., ngombe-ubangi Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-gg ngombe-NE. ngombe-ubangi 2 Busu-Mboma Busu-Bwamango Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-h keSengele part of "wider" mongo Mai-Ndombe-W. lake Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.) 4*
99-AUI-ha ke-sengele -sengele, sengere, bantu-C33 +transition to [99] Bobangi Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-i iYembe+ loSakani yembe+ sakani, part of "wider" mongo Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.) 5*
99-AUI-ia lo-sakani -sakani, sakanyi Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-ib nkole+ yeli bikoro-ntomba, part of "wider" lo-ntomba, "wider" lu-ntumba Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-iba nkole ntomba-nkole
99-AUI-ibb yeli ntomba-ileli Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-ic lo-lia bo-lia, bantu-C35, including boloki, bokoki, buliasa, etc. Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-id jombo djombo Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-ie jale djale, ntomba-ndongo, inongo-ntomba, part of "wider" lo-ntomba,
"wider" lu-ntumba
Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-if e-konda ekonda-N. Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-ig i-yembe ekonda-S. Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-iga i-yembe-A. (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-igb mbelo (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-igc mbili-nkamba bidia-nkamba (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-igd bo-kongo (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-ige i-panga e-panga (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-igf lo-titu (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-ih ya-jima yailima, yaelima Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-ii e-twa-oli* "pygmoid" oli, oli 2, part of ba-twa communities plus other unlisted
idioms spoken by pygmoid communities scattered pygmoid
communities
Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-ij e-diki Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-ik lo-kala bo-kala, kala-S., bu-kala Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-il lo-longo -longo, bo-longo, including mbamo Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-mn lo-lendo -lendo, bo-lendo Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-in nkole-2 nkole 2 Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-io i-moma Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-ip mpongo Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-iq lo-oli -oli, bo-oli, bu-uli, salonga Congo/Zaire (Bandundu-N.)
99-AUI-j loMongo+ Enga mongo+ enga, part of "wider" mongo Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 5*
99-AUI-ja enga ba-enga Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-jb djoku+ mpetsi lo-ntomba-N., lo-ntumba-N., bantu-C48, part of "wider" lo-ntomba,
"wider" lu-ntumba
99-AUI-jba djoku ntumba-djoku (Equateur)
99-AUI-jbb mpetsi ntumba-mpetsi (Equateur)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUI-jc lo-mongo basi-mongo, mongo+ nkundo, mongo-N., bantu-C61a Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-jca lo-mongo-F. -mongo+ nkundo-"union", "standard" lo-mongo compromise written
standard
(Equateur)
99-AUI-jcb lo-mongo-V. bo-mongo, mongo "proper", vehicular lo-mongo (Equateur)
99-AUI-jcc nsongo mundji (Equateur)
99-AUI-jcd nkengo* (Equateur)
99-AUI-jce lo-nkundo nkundu, basi-nkundo, nkumdo, lolo, bantu-C16b (Equateur)
99-AUI-jcf e-kota -kota-E. (Equateur)
99-AUI-k boSaka+ loMbole-W. saka+ mbole-W. distinct from [99] lo-Mbole-E. Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 4*
99-AUI-ka lo-mbole-NW. including yenge, nkengo, mpoko etc.; part of lo-mbole-W. Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-kb lo-mbole-CW. including lo-kwongomo etc.; part of lo-mbole-W. Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-kc lo-mbole-SW. including yongo etc.; part of lo-mbole-W. Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-kd bo-ngongombe -ngongombe, ngombe 2 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-ke li-kalo Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-kf i-kongo Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-kg ba-kutu-N. -kutu-N., ba-kutu 6 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-kga be-songote (Equateur)
99-AUI-kgb bo-sengela (Equateur)
99-AUI-kgc nkwe (Equateur)
99-AUI-kgd mpombi (Equateur)
99-AUI-kh nkole-3 ntomb-bantu-a-nkole Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-ki lionje Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-kj bo-saka Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-l loNgando+ boOnde ngando+ onde Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 4*
99-AUI-la ya-sayama ngando-S. Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-lb lalia lalja, dzalia, ngando-W., bantu-C62 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-lc lalia-ngulu Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-ld lo-ngando ngando "proper", ngandu, bo-ngando, bantu-C63 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-le bo-kala-N. -kala-N. Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-lf lo-kole kole Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-lg bo-onde onde, boonde-yakata, ya-mongo 2 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-m Mpama+ Wangata prefixes to be established Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 3*
99-AUI-ma wangata Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-mb mpama mpama-bakutu Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-n loNkutu+loYela "wider" kutu, nkutu+ yela Congo/Zaire (Equateur) 4*
99-AUI-na o-kela -kela, lo-kela, a-kela, part of kutu-NC., bantu-C75 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-nb lo-yela -yela, bo-yela, part of kutu-NC., bantu-C74 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-nc lo-nkutu -nkutu, kutu-SW., kutshu, part of lo-kenye, bantu-C73 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-nd lo-nkucu -nkucu, kutu-SC., nkutsu, nkutshu, a-nkucu, part of lo-kenye, ba-
ngongo 2, ba-kongola-meno, tetela-N. +transition to [99] Tetela
99-AUI-ne lo-kutsu kutu-SE., kusu, tetela-E., bantu-C72 Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
99-AUI-o loLengese+
Songomene
sankuru, part of "pseudo" kuba +transition to [99] Lukuba
Sankuru Lukenye upper valleys
Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental;
Kasai-Oriental)
4*
99-AUI-oa ba-shobwa shobbe, shoba, shuwa, shoowa, tshobwa, "pseudo" bushoong Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUI-ob lo-lengese lengese, ndengese, dengese, ileo, bantu-C81 Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental) 3
99-AUI-oc lodi
99-AUI-od songo-mene ba-songo-meno, bantu-C82
99-AUI-oda songo-mene-N. Lukenye upper valley
99-AUI-odb o-hindu songo-mene-S. Sankuru valley
99-AUI-oe ma-luk -luk, ba-luku
99-AUI-of ba-ngoombe -ngoombe, ngombe, ngombia
99-AUI-og ba-mbeengi -mbeengi, mbengi, mbingi
99-AUI-p buShoong+ usiLele Kuba, lu-kuba Kasai valley westwards (ba-wongo to ba-shi-domai)
and eastwards (ba-ileo to i-sambo)
Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental) 5
99-AUI-pa ba-wongo -wongo, hongo, gongo, tu-kongo, kongo 7, tukkongo, tu-kungo, lele
"subject clans", bantu-C85, including bu-jembe, -jembe, djembe, n-
djembe, wongo-S.
Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUI-pb u-si-lele -lele "proper", bu-shi-lele, lele ruling clans, ba-shi-tundu, gomambura,
bantu-C84
99-AUI-pc ba-shi-domai* -shi-domai, "pygmoid" lele, part of ba-twa communities Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUI-pd ba-ileo -ileo, including ba-shi-ilebo Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUI-pe ba-kel -kel, kele-S., ngele, nkila Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUI-pf bu-shoong -shoong, bushongo, bushong, busoong, kuba-C., shongo, mongo 2,
mu-mbala, mbale, ganga, bantu-C83

99-AUI-pg kayuweeng bena-kayunga Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUI-pga kayuweeng-N. "downstream" kasai (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUI-pgb kayuweeng-S. "upstream" kasai (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUI-ph kaam Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental) 0
99-AUI-pi bi-eng bieeng, ba-shi-benge, biengi, byengu, bi-kenge, including shabita etc. Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUI-pj bu-laang -laang, langu Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUI-pk bu-piaang -piaang, pyaang, pianga, panga, mpiango, including tsobwa, shobwa,
shoba
99-AUI-pl bu-ngeende ngende Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUI-pm i-sambo -sambo, lu-sambo Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUI-q buNgongo* ngongo, part of "pseudo" kuba Congo/Zaire (Bandundu) 4*
99-AUI-qa bu-ngongo-A. -translingual in [99] Kituba Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUI-qb ba-twa cwa, tua, "pygmoid" ngongo, part of ba-twa communities probably
several idioms
99-AUI-r oTetela tetela, bantu-C71 Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental; Kivu) 5
99-AUI-ra sungu tetela "proper" Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental) 5
99-AUI-rb hamba-W.* Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUI-rc pina-W. Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUI-rd pina-E. +transition to 99-Luba-Songye Congo/Zaire (Kivu)
99-AUJ KILEGA+ KIBUYU*
net
lega+ buyu, bantu-D25+ D28/29+ D43+ D54 +forming a transition
between [99] Lualaba-Lower and [99] Bantu-Inner-West in an area of
confused inter-Bantu relationships, at least partly the result of re-
convergence among previously separated languages
99-AUJ-a kiNyanga bantu-D43 Congo/Zaire (Kivu) 4
99-AUJ-aa ki-nyanga Congo/Zaire (Kivu-N.) 4
99-AUJ-b kiKwame Kasese Walikale Congo/Zaire (Maniema; Kivu) 3
99-AUJ-ba ki-kwame -kwame, ki-kwami, kwami #=tongue Congo/Zaire (Maniema; Kivu-N.)
99-AUJ-c kiLega-E. ki-rega-E., rega-E. Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.) 4*
99-AUJ-ca ki-lega-mwenga mwenga Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.)
99-AUJ-cb imuzimu Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.)
99-AUJ-d kiLega-W. lega-shabunda, ki-rega-W., rega-W. Shabunda Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.) 5
99-AUJ-da ki-lega-shabunda -lega-W., shabunda, ba-kisi, bantu-D25 Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.)
99-AUJ-db ki-gala-W. -gala-W. Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.)
99-AUJ-dc ki-gyoma -gyoma Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.)
99-AUJ-dd li-liga -liga Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.)
99-AUJ-de ki-sede -sede Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.)
99-AUJ-df ki-nyabanga -nyabanga Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.)
99-AUJ-dg ki-nyamunsange -nyamunsange Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.)
99-AUJ-dh ki-kaanu -kaanu, li-kanu, kanu, kano Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.)
99-AUJ-e kiBuyu+ kiKalanga* Congo/Zaire (Kivu; Shaba) 5
99-AUJ-ea kya-wakabango -wakabango Congo/Zaire (Kivu)
99-AUJ-eb i-beembe -beembe, e-beembe, bembe, bantu-D54 Tanganyika lake>W. Congo/Zaire (Kivu) 5
99-AUJ-ec ki-buyu -buyu, ki-bujwe, boyo Tanganyika lake>W.. Congo/Zaire (Kivu; Shaba) 4*
99-AUJ-eca ki-buyu-N. Congo/Zaire (Kivu)
99-AUJ-ecb ki-buyu-S. Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUJ-ed ki-holoholo -holoholo, horohoro, olo'olo, guha, bantu-D28 Congo/Zaire (Shaba) 4
99-AUJ-eda ki-holoholo-W. (Shaba)
99-AUJ-edb ki-holoholo-E. (Shaba)
99-AUJ-ee ki-kalanga -kalanga, ki-karanga, bantu-D29 Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUJ-ef ki-lumbu -lumbu Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUJ-eg e-tumbwe -tumbwe Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUK IKIGUSII net kavirondo, part of bantu-inner-northeast
99-AUK-a ikiGusii Kenya (Nyanza) 6
99-AUK-aa i-ki-gusii e-ke-gusii, guzii, kisii, kosova, bantu-E42 Kisii Kenya (Nyanza) 6
99-AUL KITEMI net part of bantu-inner-northeast
99-AUL-a kiTemi bantu-E46 Tanzania (Arusha) 4
99-AUL-aa ki-temi -temi, 'sonjo', 'sonyo' Natron lake>W.: Sonjo Digidigo (Arusha)
99-AUM GIKUYU+ KIDAISO
net
"kenya highlands"
99-AUM-a giGikuyu+ kiKamba Thagicu, gikuyu+ kamba, bantu-E51/E56 Kenya (Central; Eastern) 7*
99-AUM-aa gi-gikuyu -gikuyu, kikuyu, xikuyu, ge-gekoyo, gekoyo, bantu-E51 Kenya (Central) 6
99-AUM-aaa ndia part of kirinyaga-S. Kiambu district (Central)
99-AUM-aab gi-cugu -cugu, chugu, part of kirinyaga-S., including mwea Murang'a district (Central)
99-AUM-aac kirinyaga Kirinyaga district (Central)
99-AUM-aad mathira Nyeri district (Central)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUM-ab ki-embu embu, ke-embo, bantu-E52, part of embu+ mbeere Kenya (Eastern) 5
99-AUM-aba ki-embu-NW. "upper" embu (Eastern)
99-AUM-abb ki-embu-SE. "lower" embu (Eastern)
99-AUM-ac mbeere part of embu+ mbeere Kenya (Eastern) 4
99-AUM-aca mbeere-N. (Eastern)
99-AUM-acb mbeere-S. (Eastern)
99-AUM-ad cuka chuka, chuku, suka Kenya (Eastern) 4
99-AUM-ae nithi mwimbi+ muthambi Kenya (Eastern) 5
99-AUM-aea muthambi-W. "upper" muthambi (Eastern)
99-AUM-aeb muthambi-E. "lower" muthambi (Eastern)
99-AUM-aec mwimbi (Eastern)
99-AUM-af igoji Kenya (Eastern) 4
99-AUM-afa igoji-W. "upper" igoji (Eastern)
99-AUM-afb igoji-E. "lower" igoji (Eastern)
99-AUM-ag ki-meru -meru, ke-mero, meru-N., bantu-E53 Kenya (Eastern) 6
99-AUM-aga miutini (Eastern)
99-AUM-agb nkubu-imenti "nkubu" imenti (Eastern)
99-AUM-agc imenti-N. "standard" meru (Eastern)
99-AUM-agd tigania (Eastern)
99-AUM-age igembe (Eastern)
99-AUM-ah ki-tharaka -tharaka, ke-tharaka, saraka, sharoka, bantu-E54 Meru-E. Embu
Kitui districts
Kenya (Eastern) 5*
99-AUM-aha gatue tharaka-N. (Eastern)
99-AUM-ahb thagichu (Eastern)
99-AUM-ahc ntugi tharaka-C. (Eastern)
99-AUM-ahd tharaka-S. tharaka "proper" (Eastern)
99-AUM-ai ki-kamba -kamba, ke-kamba, bantu-E55 Machakos Kitui also Kwale
districts
Kenya (Eastern); migration>
Somalia
6
99-AUM-aia mumoni (Eastern)
99-AUM-aib kitwi-N. kitui-N. Kitui district (Eastern)
99-AUM-aic kitwi-S. kitui-S. Kitui district (Eastern)
99-AUM-aid masaku machakos Machakos district (Eastern)
99-AUM-aie kamba-somalia migration> Somalia
99-AUM-b kiDaiso bantu-E56 Tanzania (Tanga) 4
99-AUM-ba ki-daiso -daiso, ke-daiso, ki-dhaiso, segeju, sageju, sengeju; a-daiso
community
Tanzania (Tanga)
99-AUN KIARUSHA+
KIROMBO net
CHAGA, bantu-E61/65, part of bantu-inner-northeast
99-AUN-a kiArusha+ kiRombo ki-shaka, shaka, chaga, caga, chagga, in [52] Deutsch: dschagga,
Kilimanjaro Meru massifs
Tanzania (Kilimanjaro; Arusha) 6*
99-AUN-aa ki-arusha -arusha, rusha, arusha-chini, kuma, rusa, bantu-E63, part of chaga-W. Tanzania (Arusha)
99-AUN-ab ki-rwo -rwo, rwa, bantu-E61, part of meru-S., part of chaga-W. Tanzania (Arusha)
99-AUN-ac ki-hai -hai, bantu-E62a, part of meru-S., part of chaga-W. Tanzania (Arusha)
99-AUN-ad siha shira, part of chaga-W. Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-ae ng'uni nuni, nguni, part of chaga-W. Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-af ki-mashami -mashami, machame, macame, madschame, part of chaga-W. Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-ag masama part of chaga-W. Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-ah ki-bosho -bosho, part of chaga-W. Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-ai ki-bombo -bombo, part of chaga-W. Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-aj ki-wunjo -wunjo, wanjo, vunjo, bantu-E62b, part of chaga-C. Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-aja marangu (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-ajb ki-lema -lema (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-ajc ki-rwa -rwa 2, ki-rua (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-ajd mamba (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-aje mwika (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-ak uru oru, part of chaga-C. Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-al mbokom mbokumu, part of chaga-C. Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-am ki-mochi -mochi, moci, moshi, "old" moshi, part of chaga-C. Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-an ki-kahe -kahe, bantu-E64, part of chaga-C. Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-ao ki-rombo -rombo, chaga-E., bantu-E62c Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-aoa useri (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-aob mashati (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-aoc mkuu (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUN-aod keni (Kilimanjaro)

99-AUN-b kiGweno Tanzania (Kilimanjaro) 4*
99-AUN-ba ki-gweno chaga-SE., bantu-E65 Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUO CHAWIA+
KIKASIGAU net
awia+ kasigau, part of "taita hills"
99-AUO-a chAwia+ chAzi* Dawida, ki-dawida, ki-dabida, davida, dabida, teita, ki-taita, bantu-E74
-bilingual in [99] ki-Swahili Taita hills some idioms have been
combined on geographic grounds within the same inner-languages
(marked with a star), pending the examination of further data on this
area
Kenya (Coast) 5
99-AUO-aa bura Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-ab ch-awia+ ki-pusi* -awia Mwatete>N. Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-aba ch-awia-A. (Coast)
99-AUO-abb ki-pusi -pusi (Coast)
99-AUO-abc w-usi -usi (Coast)
99-AUO-abd secho (Coast)
99-AUO-ac ch-azi -azi, gh-azi, mbololo Mbololo source Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-ad ki-daya -daya Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-ae ki-gala-E. -gala-E. Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-af ki-gombo -gombo Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-ag ki-shamba-N. -shamba-N. Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-ah m-bale+ m-warung* -bale Voi source Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-aha m-bale -bale (Coast)
99-AUO-ahb m-sau -sau (Coast)
99-AUO-ahc m-raru -raru (Coast)
99-AUO-ahd m-warung -warunguu (Coast)
99-AUO-ai m-baramgondi -baramgondi Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-aj m-gange -gange Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-ak m-korore -korore Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-al m-ragua -ragua Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-am m-wanda Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-an n-dile -dile Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-ao n-dom -domee Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-ap n-geranyi -geranyi Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-aq ronge Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-ar selemba Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-as u-mingu -mingu, wu-mingu Kedai>SE. Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-at w-eruga+
m-gambonyi*
-eruga, w-erugha, -erugha Kedai>SW. Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-ata w-eruga -eruga (Coast)
99-AUO-atb m-gambonyi -gambonyi (Coast)
99-AUO-au w-esu -esu Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-av wu-mari -mari Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-aw wu-ndanyi -ndanyi Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-ax wu-ngonyi -ngonyi Kenya (Coast)
99-AUO-b Dambi+ Dalio Sagala hill: Sagala>S. Kenya 3*
99-AUO-ba dambi
99-AUO-bb dalio talio
99-AUO-c kiKasigau Kasigau, Kasigao hill Kenya 3*
99-AUO-ca ki-kasigau -kasigau, kasigao Kenya
99-AUP KISAGHALA net saghala, part of "taita hills"
99-AUP-a kiSaghala Sagala hill: Sagala environs Kenya (Coast) 4*
99-AUP-aa ki-saghala -saghala, sagala-N., ki-sagalla, sagalla, ki-teri, -teri Kenya (Coast) 4*
99-AUQ ILWANA net Tana middle valley: Garissa Bura
99-AUQ-a Ilwana elwana, malakote, malankote, "outer" pokomo distinct from [99] ki-
Pokomo ("outer" Pokomo)
Kenya (Coast) 4
99-AUQ-aa utuli Kenya (Coast)
99-AUQ-ab masa Kenya (Coast)
99-AUQ-ac chewele Kenya (Coast)
99-AUR KIKOONGO+
KILUBA net
BANTU-INNER-WEST, koongo+ luba, bantu-B4/8+ bantu-H+ bantu-
R+ bantu-K + bantu-L+ bantu-M4/6 +transition to [99] Congo-Basin
and [99] Bantu-Inner-East
99-AUR-a ghiShira+ yiPunu sira+ punu Gabon (Ngouni; Ogoou-
Maritime; Nyanga); also Congo
(Niari)
5

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUR-aa yi-barama -barama, gi-barama, ghi-barama, ba-varama; yi-baram-bu community
Ombou hinterland
Gabon (Ogoou-Maritime) 3
99-AUR-aaa yi-barama-N. (Ogoou-Maritime)
99-AUR-aab yi-barama-S. (Ogoou-Maritime)
99-AUR-ab ghi-sira xi-sira, i-sira, i-chira, yi-chira, gi-sira, shira, shire, bantu-B41; e-sira, e-
shira community Mouila-W.: N'gouni Ovigi valleys
Gabon (N'gouni) 4
99-AUR-ac yi-sangu -sangu, i-sangu, chango, shango, yi-sangou, bantu-B42; ma-sangu,
ma-sango, massangou community Mimongo Iboundji
Gabon (Ngouni) 4
99-AUR-ad yi-punu -punu, i-yi-punu, pouno, puno, yi-pounou, bantu-B43 Ndende
Tchibanga
Gabon (N'gouni; Nyanga); Congo
(Niari)
5
99-AUR-ae i-bwisi -bwisi, m-bwisi Ndende Gabon (N'gouni; Nyanga); Congo
(Niari)
99-AUR-af i-lumbu -lumbu, ki-lumbu, bantu-B44; ba-lumbu, ba-loumbou community
+transition to [99] Kongo Nyanga Bangua valleys M'Banio
Tchimba lagoons
Gabon (N'gouni; Nyanga); Congo
(Niari)
4
99-AUR-b yiNzebi+ iCaangi nzebi+ caangi Gabon (Haut-Ogoou; Ogoou-
Lolo; N'gouni); Congo (Niari)
5
99-AUR-ba li-duma -duma, a-douma, douma, a-duma, bantu-B51 Franceville area:
Lastoursville
Gabon (Haut-Ogoou) 4*
99-AUR-bb wandji ba-wandji community Gabon (Haut-Ogoou; Ogoou-
Lolo)
4*
99-AUR-bc yi-nzebi -nzebi, nzabi, niebi, njabi "proper", i-njebi, yi-njebi, bi-nzabi, njavi, njevi,
ndjabi, djabi, njebi, bantu-B53; ba-nzebi, ba-ndzabi community
Franceville Lhamba
Gabon (Haut-Ogoou; Ogoou-
Lolo; N'gouni); Congo (Niari)
5*
99-AUR-bd i-vili -vili 2
99-AUR-be i-caangi caangi, tsangi, tcengi, tchangi, tchangui, cengui, cangi, tsaangi, i-
tsangi, i-caangui, tcengui, bantu-B52 Mossendjo-NW.
Congo (Niari); also Gabon
(N'gouni)
4*
99-AUR-c liMbede+ leNduumu "outer" teke, mbede+ nduumu, part of "wider" teke Congo (Cuvette; Lekoumou);
Gabon (Haut-Ogoou)
5
99-AUR-ca li-mbede -mbede, mbd, mbt, mbere, mbede, mbete, bantu-B61; am-bede
community Okondja Kell Ewo-N.
Gabon (Haut-Ogoou); Congo
(Cuvette)
4
99-AUR-cb ngwii Gabon and/or Congo
99-AUR-cc le-mbaama -mbaama, ghi-mbaama, mbama, mbaamba, mbamba, o-bamba, ba-
kota-SW., kota-SW., bantu-B62 Okondja-S. Bambama district
Congo (Lekoumou); Gabon (Haut-
Ogoou)
4
99-AUR-cd le-nduumu -nduumu, ndumbu, ndumbo, o-ndumbo, mi-nduumo, nduumo, mi-
ndoumou, mi-ndumbu, ndumu, ndoumbou, doumbou, dumbu, le-
ndumu; ba-nduumu, ba-ndoumou community Franceville-N.
Lastoursville Bambama
Gabon (Haut-Ogoou); Congo
(Cuvette)
3
99-AUR-cda kuya Gabon and/or Congo
99-AUR-cdb epigi Gabon and/or Congo
99-AUR-cdc kananjoho kanandjoho Gabon and/or Congo
99-AUR-cdd nyani Gabon and/or Congo
99-AUR-ce le-kaningi -kaningi, kanini, ba-nike, ba-kanike Franceville-S. Gabon (Haut-Ogoou) 3
99-AUR-d kaTege+ iFuumu "Narrow"-Teke, ki-teke, tege+ fuumu, part of "wider" teke Congo/Zaire; Congo; Gabon 5
99-AUR-da ka-tege -tege, tgu, ka-teghe, i-teghe, teke-N., bantu-B71 Congo (Cuvette; Plateaux); Gabon
(Haut-Ogoou)
4
99-AUR-daa ka-njiningi -njiningi, njinini, ndjinini, njikini, nzikini, djikini Gabon and/or Congo
99-AUR-dab ka-tege-kali -tege-kali Gabon and/or Congo
99-AUR-db m-p!mp! mpumpu, mp", part of teke-NE. Congo (Plateaux)
99-AUR-dc n-gungwel -gungwel, ngangalu, ngangoulou, ngungulu, angungwel, part of teke-
NE., bantu-B72 Gamboma district
Congo (Plateaux)
99-AUR-dd ngu-ngwoni -ngwoni, ngo-ngwoni, part of teke-W.Djambala-SW. Congo (Plateaux)
99-AUR-de nci-ncege nchi-nchege*, part of teke-W. Lkana district: Leketi valley Gabon
frontier
Congo (Plateaux)
99-AUR-df ge-tsaayi -tsaayi, caayi, tsaya, tsaye, tsayi, n-tsaayi, part of teke-W., bantu-B77 Congo (Lekoumou); Gabon (Haut-
Ogoou)
4
99-AUR-dg laali+ yaa part of teke-W. Congo (Lekoumou)
99-AUR-dga i-laali -laali, lali, (Lekoumou)
99-AUR-dgb i-yaa -yaa, yaka 2, ya (Lekoumou)
99-AUR-dh kwe part of teke-W. Congo
99-AUR-di e-tyee -tyee, part of teke-W. Congo
99-AUR-dj ku-kuya -kuya, kukwa, ci-kuya, kou-kouya, chi-kuya, ki-kuwa, part of teke-SW.,
bantu-B73 Lkana district: Leketi-E. valley
Congo (Plateaux)
99-AUR-dk n-jinju -jinju, ndzindziu, ndzikou, nziku, ndziku, ndjyundjyu, e-njyunjyu,
njyunjyu, part of teke-SW. Djambala
Congo (Plateaux)
99-AUR-dl a-boong bo, e-boo, e-boom, boma 2, bamboma, part of teke-SW., bantu-B73
Djambala-E. Congo valley
Congo (Plateaux)

99-AUR-dm i-wuumu -wuumu, wumbu 2, hum, wuum, wumu, part of teke-SW., bantu-B76
Lefini valley
Congo (Pool); also Gabon 3
99-AUR-dn i-fuumu -fuumu, m-fumu, "Calloch's" fumu, part of teke-SW. Brazzaville>N. Congo (Pool)
99-AUR-do i-fuumu-2 m-fumu 2, "Vansina's" fumu, part of teke-SW. Brazzaville>N. Congo (Pool)
99-AUR-dp i-tyoo -tyoo, tyo, teo, part of teke-SW.Ngabe district Congo (Pool)
99-AUR-dq m-finu -finu, funika, m-fununga, im-funu, em-finu, part of teke-SE., bantu-B83 Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-dr n-tsiam part of teke-SE. Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-ds n-tswar part of teke-SE. Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-dt m-puono -puono, part of teke-SE. Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-du esi-ngee nee, part of teke-SE., bantu-B74 Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-dv mosiee mosieno, part of teke-SE. Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-dw li-bali -bali, am-bali, tio, teo, tyo 2, teke-S., teke-tio, tio-alima, bantu-B75 Congo; Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-e iYans+ iDzing yans+ dzing Congo/Zaire 5*
99-AUR-ea ki-tiene -tiene, ke-tyene, ki-tini, tini, cene, tiini, tende, bantu-B81 Congo/Zaire (Bandundu) 4
99-AUR-eb ki-boma -boma, buma, boma-kasai, bantu-B82 Congo/Zaire (Bandundu) 3
99-AUR-eba ki-boma-N. Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-ebb ki-boma-S. Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-ec i-yans -yans, yansi, i-yansi, yanzi, ki-yanzi, yanchi, bantu-B85 Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-eca m-biem -biem (Bandundu)
99-AUR-ecb m-pur -pur, mput (Bandundu)
99-AUR-ed i-yeei -yeei, yey, yesi, yay, yans-E., yanz Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-ee i-tsong -tsong, n-tsuo, ki-nsongo, songo-N. Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-eea gobari-tsong tsong-W. (Bandundu)
99-AUR-eeb luniungu-tsong tsong-E. (Bandundu)
99-AUR-ef m-piin pindi, mpin Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-efa kwilu-luano piin-N. (Bandundu)
99-AUR-efb kwilu-kwenge piin-S. (Bandundu)
99-AUR-eg i-mbuun -mbuun, mbun, e-mbuun, mbunda, mbuno, mpuun, ki-mbuun, m-
bunda, gi-mbunda, gi-mbunu, bunda, bantu-B88 Kikwit>SE.
99-AUR-ega plains-mbuun "plains" mbuun (Bandundu)
99-AUR-egb forest-mbuun "forest" mbuun (Bandundu)
99-AUR-eh i-dzing -dzing, dsin, ding-W., dinga, bantu-B87, in [51] Franais: ding de la
Kamtsha
99-AUR-eha dzing-NW. ibjaal (Bandundu)
99-AUR-ehb dzing-SW. lesya (Bandundu)
99-AUR-ehc nyadi-dzing (Bandundu)
99-AUR-ei i-ding din, d!, dinga 2, bantu-B87 Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-eia kindwa-ding nkum-itshitshiri, nkum-kupang (Bandundu)
99-AUR-eib ding-NE. mangai-ipaamu (Bandundu)
99-AUR-eic mukene-ding ding-E. (Bandundu)
99-AUR-f kiSakata* bantu-B84 Kasai lower valley right-bank Fimi right-bank Congo/Zaire (Bandundu) 4
99-AUR-fa ki-djia -djia, dia, dja, jia Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-fb ki-bai -bai Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-fc ki-sakata sakata "proper", saka, including odual Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-fd ki-lesa Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-g kiKoongo+
kishiKoongo
Kongo, koongo Gabon (Nyanga); Congo (Niari;
Bouenza; Lekoumou); Congo/Zaire
(Zare-Central; Bandundu); Angola
(Cabinda)
7
99-AUR-ga ki-tuba -tuba, "generalised" ki-koongo, "generalised" kongo Gabon (Nyanga); Congo (Niari);
Congo/Zaire (Zare-Central;
Bandundu-S.); Angola (Cabinda)
6
99-AUR-gaa ki-tuba-F. "standard" tuba, congo/zaire "standard" ki-kongo, ki-kongo-ya-leta, ki-
leta from [51] Franais: kikongo d'tat =state (official) ki-kongo
Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-gab ki-tuba-V. zare "vehicular" ki-kongo, "ki-ngala", ki-mpangi, ki-zabave, in [51]
Franais: kikongo commercial, kikongo simplifi, including ikeleve
Congo/Zaire, Congo
99-AUR-gac mono-ku-tuba ku-tuba, munu-ku-tuba, "vehicular" ki-tuba-NW. Congo; Gabon
99-AUR-gad ki-kwango -kwango, part of "inland vehicular" ki-tuba Kwango lower valley Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-gae ki-kwilu -kwilu, part of "inland vehicular" ki-tuba Kwilu lower valley Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-gb ki-fiote -fiote, ki-fioti, fiot, fioti, fyote, fiotte, cabinda, kabinda, ka-kongo, ki-ngoy
2, loango, luangu, ki-si-luangu, 'kongo-W.', bantu-H12, part of kongo-
NW. Congo mouth Cabinda Pointe-Noire Mayumba coast
Angola (Cabinda); Congo/Zaire
(Zare-Central); Congo (Kouilou);
Gabon (Nyanga)
6
99-AUR-gba ki-si-ka-koongo kakongo, "standard" kikongo-NW., bantu-H16a Angola (Cabinda); Congo/Zaire;
Congo; Gabon
99-AUR-gbb ki-fiote-V. "vehicular" fiote Angola (Cabinda); Congo/Zaire;
Congo; Gabon
99-AUR-gbc ki-vili -vili, ci-vili, tsi-vili, vi, ki-fiote "proper" Congo (Kouilou); Angola (Cabinda)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUR-gbd ki-si-ngoyo -ngoyo, ki-si-ma-ngoyo, ki-ngoy, woyo, wooyo, oyo, ki-woyo Angola (Cabinda); Congo/Zaire
(Zare-Central)
99-AUR-gc ki-yombe -yombe, ma-yombe, ki-iombi, kiombi, iombe, yombe "proper", bantu-
H16b, part of kongo-NW.; ba-yombe community Congo lower valley
(Zare-Central); Congo (Kouilou)
5*
99-AUR-gca ki-vungana -vungana, vunguni, "cataract standard" kongo, "cataract" kongo,
vungunya, vunginyi, ki-bula-matadi, in [51] Franais: yombe classique
(Zare-Central); Congo (Kouilou)
99-AUR-gcb ki-mboma -mboma, velevele Matadi upstream left-bank Congo/Zaire (Zare-Central)
99-AUR-gcc ki-ndingi -ndingi, ndinzi, ngingi, bantu-H14, Angola (Cabinda)
99-AUR-gcd ki-suundi-W. -suundi-W., sundi-W., ki-sundi-W., mazinga Congo/Zaire (Zare-Central);
Congo (Kouilou)
99-AUR-gd ki-kunyi -kunyi, part of kongo-NW. Congo (Niari; Bouenza;
Lekoumou); also Congo/Zaire
(Zare-Central)
99-AUR-gda ki-kunyi-A. -kunyi "proper", kaunyi, cougni, kouni, kuni, bantu-H13 Niari valley:
Makabana Zare frontier
(Niari; Bouenza; Lekoumou)
99-AUR-gdb ki-nyaanga -nyaanga, nianga, ki-nyanga-W., nyanga-W. Congo/Zaire (Zare-Central)
99-AUR-gdc ki-suundi-NW. -suundi-NW., sundi-NW., ci-suundi, ki-sundi-NW. Congo (Pool); Congo/Zaire
(Kinshasa; Zare-Central)
99-AUR-ge ki-doondo kaamba+ doondo, part of kongo-C. Congo (Bouenza); also
Congo/Zaire (Zare-Central)
99-AUR-gea ki-kaamba -kaamba, kamba, nsuku Congo (Bouenza)
99-AUR-geb ki-doondo-A. -doondo Congo (Bouenza); also
Congo/Zaire (Zare-Central)
99-AUR-gf ki-koongo-C. laadi+ manyanga, part of kongo-C. in the context of mixed ethnic
groups, where ethnolinguistic names often overlap and/or alternate
Congo (Pool); Congo/Zaire
6*
99-AUR-gfa ki-laadi -laadi, ladi, ki-lari, lari, ki-laali, ki-lali, lali, bissimenguengue Congo (Pool)
99-AUR-gfb ki-ghaangala -ghaangala, gangala, gaangala, hangala, kangala, ngangala Congo (Pool)
99-AUR-gfc ki-koongo-brazza brazzaville "urban" ki-kongo Brazzaville Congo (Pool)
99-AUR-gfd ki-koongo-kinshasa kinshasa "urban" ki-kongo Kinshasa Congo/Zaire (Kinshasa)
99-AUR-gfe ki-bweende -bweende, ki-bwende, bwende, in [51] Franais: bouend Congo (Pool); Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-gff ki-mbinsa-N. mbisa-N., "right-bank" mbinsa Congo (Pool)
99-AUR-gfg ki-mbinsa-S. mbisa-S., "left-bank" mbinsa Congo/Zaire (Kinshasa; Zare-C.)
99-AUR-gfh ki-manyanga -manyanga, manianga, manyangasi, laadi-S., nyanga-E., ki-kongo-
manyanga, part of ki-koongo-CS.
Congo/Zaire (Kinshasa; Zare-C.)
99-AUR-gfi mukimvika-kongo part of ki-koongo-CS. Congo/Zaire (Kinshasa; Zare-C.)
99-AUR-gfj mazinga-kongo part of ki-koongo-CS. Congo/Zaire (Kinshasa; Zare-C.)
99-AUR-gfk mukimbungu part of ki-koongo-CS. Congo/Zaire (Kinshasa; Zare-C.)
99-AUR-gfl mpalabala-kongo part of ki-koongo-CS. Congo/Zaire (Kinshasa; Zare-C.)
99-AUR-gg ki-ntaandu part of kongo-E. Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-gga ki-ntaandu-A. -ntaandu, ki-mpaangu, ntandu, mpangu Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-ggb ki-mpese -mpese, mpese "mission" kongo Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-ggc ki-santu -santu, ki-santu-ki-kongo Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-gh ki-dikidiki including lula, part of kongo-E. Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-gi ki-mbeeko -mbeeko, mbeko, part of kongo-E. Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-gj ki-nzamba -nzamba, dzamba, nzaamba, part of kongo-E. Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-gk ki-mbata -mbata, part of kongo-E. Congo/Zaire; Angola
99-AUR-gl ki-nkanu -nkanu, part of kongo-E. Congo/Zaire; Angola
99-AUR-gm ki-patu -patu, phatu, part of kongo-E. Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-gn ki-zoombo -zoombo, zombo, nzombo, part of kongo-SW., bantu-H16k Angola
99-AUR-go ki-ndibu part of kongo-SW., including ki-suundi-SE., sundi-SE. Angola; Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-gp ki-shi-koongo -shi-koongo, ki-si-kongo, si-kongo, xi-kongo, mu-chi-congo, mbanza-
kongo, part of kongo-SW., bantu-H16h
Angola; Congo/Zaire 6
99-AUR-gpa ki-shi-koongo-F. san-salvador "standard" kongo, mbanza-kongo, kongo-di-ntotila Angola; Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-gpb ki-shi-koongo-A. Angola (Zaire; Uige); Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-gpc ki-solongo sorongo, musserongo Angola; Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-gpd ki-bunda quimbumbe, including sassu, lumbu Angola (Luanda; Uige)
99-AUR-gpe ambriz-kongo yembe Ambriz & hinterland Angola (Luanda; Zaire)
99-AUR-gq ki-mbamba part of kongo-SE. Angola (Uige)
99-AUR-gr ki-pombo part of kongo-SE. Sanza Pombo Angola (Uige)
99-AUR-gs ki-hungu -hungu-S., hungo, part of kongo-SE., bantu-H33 Angola (Cuanza Norte; Uige-S.;
Malanje-N.)
99-AUR-gsa makundi Angola
99-AUR-gsb ngumbi Angola
99-AUR-gsc ki-tsotso -tsotso, sosso, nguenza, pudi Angola
99-AUR-gsd luangu loango 2 Angola

99-AUR-gt hungaan hungana, hungani =smiths' language, hungu-N., bantu-H42 spoken
by scattered communities of former blacksmiths
99-AUR-gta yasa-hungaan Yasa (Bandundu)
99-AUR-gtb "leverville"-hungaan Kwilu valley: Leverville (Bandundu)
99-AUR-gtc kikwit-hungaan Kwilu valley: Kikwit (Bandundu)
99-AUR-h kiYaka+ kiBeembe yaka+ beembe, kongo-N.+ kongo-S., "peripheral" kongo Congo; Congo/Zaire; Angola 5*
99-AUR-ha ki-beembe kongo-N. Madingou>E. Congo (Bouenza) 4*
99-AUR-haa ki-beembe-A. bembe (Bouenza)
99-AUR-hab ki-keenge kenge (Bouenza)
99-AUR-hac ki-yaka-N.* yaka-N. Niari valley (Bouenza)
99-AUR-hb ki-yaka-S. yaka-S., iaka, yaca, kongo-S., bantu-H31 Congo/Zaire (Bandundu); Angola
(Uige; Lunda)
5*
99-AUR-hba kwilu-nyari-yaka Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-hbb kwenge-kwilu-yaka Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-hbc ndinga-yaka ndinga Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-hbd ki-pelende yaka-NE. Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-hbe bakali-yaka Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-hbf ki-yaka-E. mosaka-lukuni Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-hbg ki-yaka-C. ngowa Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-hbh ki-yaka-SW. Congo/Zaire (Bandundu); Angola
(Uige)
99-AUR-hbi ki-yaka-SE. itenda Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-hbj ki-lonzo Lonzo valley Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-hbk ki-tsaamba tsamba, tsaam, ma-yaka-ma-nzadi =river yaka, besi-kongo Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-hbl ki-ngoongo ngongo Wamba Lukiri Inzia valleys Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-hbm ki-suku-N. -suku-N., bakali-kwenge-suku Bakali Kwenge valleys Congo/Zaire (Bandundu)
99-AUR-hbn ki-suku-S. -suku-S., tungilu-suku Tungilu valley Congo/Zaire (Bandundu); Angola
(Lunda)
99-AUR-i kiMbundu+ kiSongo mbundu+ songo Angola (Luanda; Cuanza Norte;
Cuanza Sul; Malanje); Congo/Zaire
6
99-AUR-ia ki-mbundu -mbundu-N., m'bundu, loanda, luanda, loande, ndongo, ki-ndongo,
dongo, n'bundo, nbundu, bantu-H21
Angola 6
99-AUR-iaa ngola (Cuanza Norte; adjacent Malanje) 4
99-AUR-iab nambuangongo +transition to [99] Kongo (Luanda; Uige)
99-AUR-iac ndembu-W. (Luanda; Cuanza Norte)
99-AUR-iad dembo Cacuta-Caenda or Caculo-Caenda* (Cuanza Norte*)
99-AUR-iae bondo (Malenje)
99-AUR-iaf sende (Cuanza Sul)
99-AUR-iag ki-bala -bala, quibala (Cuanza Sul)
99-AUR-iah mbuiyi mbui, amboim +transition to [99] Umbundu (Cuanza Sul)
99-AUR-iai ki-lengue -lengue, quilengue extinct Angola 0
99-AUR-iaj ngage ngoge extinct Angola 0
99-AUR-iak ngengu Angola
99-AUR-ial quembo Angola
99-AUR-iam mussende Mussende (Cuanza Sul)
99-AUR-ian makamba Angola
99-AUR-ib ki-sama -sama, kissama, quissama, ki-mbundu-W., bantu-H22 Angola (Luanda) 3
99-AUR-ic lu-bolo -bolo, li-bolo, haka, ki-mbundu-S., bantu-H23 Angola (Cuanza-Sul)
99-AUR-id njinga* Angola (Malanje)
99-AUR-ida njinga-A. ginga, jinga (Malanje)
99-AUR-idb ki-mbamba-2 -mbamba, bambeiro (Malanje)
99-AUR-idc mbaka ambaquista (Malanje)
99-AUR-ie ki-songo -songo, songu, i-tsong, n-songo, bantu-H24 Cuanza middle valley
eastwards +transition to [99] Cokwe+ Lunda
Angola (Malanje); also
4
99-AUR-if ci-mbangala -mbangala Angola (Malanje)
99-AUR-ig lu-shinji -shinji, shindji, xinje, xinji, sinji, bantu-H35 +transition to 99-Cokwe+
Lunda
Angola (Lunda); Congo/Zaire
(Bandundu)
99-AUR-j uMbundu+ nDombe mbundu+ dombe, bantu-R11/12 6
99-AUR-ja u-mbundu -mbundu-S., quimbundo, ki-mbunda, ovi-mbundu, ki-ndongo, nano,
mbali, mbari, 'mbundu-benguella', 'benguella', bantu-R11
Angola (Cuanza Sul; Benguela;
Huambo; Bi; Huila)
6
99-AUR-jaa sumbe pinda (Cuanza Sul)
99-AUR-jab sele mussele (Cuanza Sul)
99-AUR-jac bailundo bailoundou Bailundo, Teixeira da Silva (Huambo)
99-AUR-jad ganda Mco highlands (Benguela; Cuanza Sul; Huambo)
99-AUR-jae hanya* hanha (Benguela)
99-AUR-jaf huambo uambo Huambo (Huambo)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUR-jag sambo Sambo (Huambo)
99-AUR-jah bieno (Bi)
99-AUR-jai kakonda caconda (Huila)
99-AUR-jb n-dombe -dombe, mu-n-dombe, bantu-R12 Angola (Benguela) 5*
99-AUR-k oluNyaneka+
oluHanda
nyaneka+ handa, bantu-R13/14 Angola (Huila; Cunene) 4
99-AUR-ka o-lu-nyaneka -lu-nyaneka, -nyaneka, o-lu-nhaneca, lu-nhaneca, nhaneca, nhaneka,
bantu-R13
Angola (Huila; Cunene)
99-AUR-kaa o-lu-nyaneka-A. (Huila)
99-AUR-kab o-lu-mwila -mwila, muila, huila Lubango>N. (Huila)
99-AUR-kac ngambwe Lubango>S. (Huila)
99-AUR-kb o-lu-chi-lenge-muso -lu-ci-lenge, ci-lenge, tyi-lenge-muso, lenge Quilengues Angola (Huila; Benguela)
99-AUR-kc o-lu-nkumbi -lu-nkumbi, 'nkumbi, o-lu-nkhumbi, nkhumbi, khumbi, humbe, bantu-
R14; ba-nkumbi community
Angola (Huila; Cunene)
99-AUR-kca mu-londo -londo Mulondo (Huila)
99-AUR-kcb ci-teve -teve, tyi-teve, quiteve Cunene valley: Quiteve (Huila; Cunene)
99-AUR-kcc kamba-S. Cunene valley: Camba (Cunene)
99-AUR-kcd ndongona Cunene valley: Donguena (Cunene)
99-AUR-kce hinga (Cunene*)
99-AUR-kd o-lu-handa -lu-handa, -handa Angola (Huila)
99-AUR-kda e-handa-lya-ci-mbungu e-handa-lya-tyi-mbungu, handa "quipungo", handa-W. Cunene
valley>W.
(Huila)
99-AUR-kdb ci-pungu -pungu, tyi-pingu, quipungo Quipungo (Huila)
99-AUR-kdc e-handa-lya-kauvi handa "mupa", handa-E. Cunene valley>E. (Huila)
99-AUR-kdd ci-lenge-humbi -humbi, humbe, tyi-lenge-humbi, quilenge-hono (Huila)
99-AUR-l oshiKwanyama+
ochiHerero
kwanyama+ herero Angola; Namibia; Botswana 5
99-AUR-la o-shi-kwanyama -kwanyama, o-ci-kwanyama, cuanhama, kuanyama, kuanjama, o-si-
kwanyama, o-si-kuanjama, humba, bantu-R21; o-vambo, ambo, o-
tjambo community
Angola (Cunene); Namibia
(Ovamboland)
5
99-AUR-laa o-si-vale e-vale, vale (Cunene)
99-AUR-lab kafima cafima (Cunene)
99-AUR-lac kwamatwi cuamato (Cunene)
99-AUR-lad mbandja (Cunene)
99-AUR-lae dombondola Angola (Cunene); Namibia frontier
99-AUR-laf eunda Namibia (Ovamboland); Angola
frontier
99-AUR-lag mbalantu Namibia (Ovamboland); Angola
frontier
99-AUR-lah nkolonkhadi Namibia (Ovamboland)
99-AUR-lai kwaludhi Namibia (Ovamboland)
99-AUR-laj ngandjera ngandyera Namibia (Ovamboland)
99-AUR-lb kwambi Namibia (Ovamboland)
99-AUR-lc o-chi-ndonga o-shi-ndonga, o-si-ndonga, bantu-R22 Namibia (Ovamboland); also
Angola (Cunene)
99-AUR-ld o-chi-herero -herero, o-tyi-herero, o-tji-herero, herrero, damara, bantu-R31
numbers and territory substantially reduced by General von Trotha in
1904 (Battle of Waterberg)
Angola (Namibe/ Moamedes;
Cunene; Huila); Namibia
(Ovamboland; Kaokoveld;
Swakopmund; Omaruru;
Otjiwarongo; Windhoek); Botswana
(Ngamiland)
4
99-AUR-lda kuvale cuvale Angola (Namibe/ Moamedes)
99-AUR-ldb kwanyoka cuanhoca Angola (Namibe/ Moamedes)
99-AUR-ldc o-tyabikwa chavicua Angola (Cunene)
99-AUR-ldd himba dhimba, dimba, tjimba, simba, chimba Namibia (Ovamboland); Angola
(Cunene; Huila)
99-AUR-lde herero-SW. Kaokofeld coastal hinterland (including Sesfontein) Namibia (Kaokoveld;
Swakopmund)
99-AUR-ldf herero-S. Okombahe Otjohorong Waterberg Epukiro Namibia (Omaruru; Otjiwarongo)
99-AUR-ldg herero-U. herero "urban" Windhoek Namibia (Windhoek)
99-AUR-le mbandieru herero-SE. Botswana (Ngamiland); adjacent
Namibia
99-AUR-m chiYei Okavango swamp Botswana (Ngamiland) 4
99-AUR-ma chi-yei -yei, yeei, yeye, yeyi, koba, kuba, bantu-R41 Botswana (Ngamiland) 4
99-AUR-n esiLuyana+
siKwangali
luyana+ kwangali Zambia; Namibia; Angola 5
99-AUR-na e-si-luyana -luyana, luyi, luiana, lui, luano, louyi, rouyi, yana, bantu-K31
+submerged by [99] si-Lozi, but survives as ceremonial language
Zambia (Western)
99-AUR-nb kwandi Zambezi confluence: Lui upstream Zambia (Western) 3

99-AUR-nc kwangwa bantu-K37 Lui river-bend Zambia (Western) 4
99-AUR-nd e-si-mbowe -mbowe, bantu-K32 Zambezi+ Kabompo confluence (inter-riverine) Zambia (Western)
99-AUR-ne mbumi Zambia (Western)
99-AUR-nf liyuwa Zambia (Western); Angola
(Moxico)
99-AUR-ng mwenyi mwinyi Zambezi confluence: Luanginga upstream Zambia (Western) 4*
99-AUR-nh makoma Luaginga valley Zambia (Western) 4
99-AUR-ni nyengo nhengo Zambia (Western); Angola
(Moxico)
99-AUR-nj i-milangu Zambia (Western)
99-AUR-nk simaa bantu-K35 Kwando Lueti valleys (inter-riverine) Zambia (Western) 4
99-AUR-nl ndundulu Zambia (Western); Angola frontier 4
99-AUR-nm mulonga Zambia (Western); Angola frontier
99-AUR-nn kwandu Zambia (Western); Angola frontier
99-AUR-nna kwandu-N. (Western)
99-AUR-nnb kwandu-S. (Western)
99-AUR-no cha-mashi -machi, bantu-K34 Angola (Cuanda Cubango;
Moxico); Zambia (Western)
99-AUR-np mbukushu-N. Angola (Cuanda Cubango);
Namibia (Caprivi Strip)
99-AUR-nq thi-mbukushu-S. mambukush, mampukush, mbukushi, mbukuhu, gova, goba, bantu-
K33; ha-mbukushu community
Namibia (Caprivi Strip); Botswana
(Ngamiland)
99-AUR-nr shi-sambyu -sambyu, sambiu, sambio Angola (Cuanda Cubango)
99-AUR-ns shi-mo* -mo Angola (Cuanda Cubango)*
99-AUR-nt si-kwangali kwangari, ru-kwangali Angola (Cuanda Cubango);
Namibia (Ovamboland)
99-AUR-nu mbundza* bunja, mbunza Angola (Cuanda Cubango)
99-AUR-nv ru-gciriku -gciriku, /giriku, diriku, diriko, dirico, shi-mbogedu, mbogedu Angola (Cuanda Cubango);
Namibia (Ovamboland)
99-AUR-o shiNkoya+
shiMbwera
nkoya+ mbwera Zambia (Western; Southern) 5
99-AUR-oa shi-nkoya -nkoya, bantu-L62 Zambia (Western; Southern)
99-AUR-oaa nkoya-NW. (North-Western)
99-AUR-oab nkoya-C. Mankoya district (Western)
99-AUR-oac nkoya-W. including two dialects; surrounded by [99] si-Lozi (Western)
99-AUR-oad shi-kalu shi-kulu, nkoya-S. (Southern)
99-AUR-ob shi-mbwera -mbwera-E., mbwela-E., bantu-L61 distinct from [99] shi-Mbwela in
Angola
Zambia (North-Western; Western)
99-AUR-oba lukolwe shi-mbwera "proper", mbowela Kabompo+ Dongwe confluence
upstream (also scattered northwards & westwards)
(North-Western; Western)
99-AUR-obb lushange lushangi Luena valley (Western)
99-AUR-obc ma-shasha near Lunga valley (North-Western; Western)
99-AUR-p kiChokwe+ chiLunda chokwe+ lunda, wiko+ ganguela; bantu-K10+ L50 Angola; Congo/Zaire; Zambia 6
99-AUR-pa nyemba nhemba, ganguela-S., bantu-K16 Cubango valley Angola (Huila; Cuando-Cubango) 5*
99-AUR-pb nkangala ngangala, nkangwela, ngangela, ganguela, ganguela-C., bantu-K18 Angola (Huambo; Bi; Huila)
99-AUR-pc shi-mbwela -mbwela-W., mbwera-W., mbuela, ambuella, ambwela, bantu-K17
between Cuando Cubango valleys now distinct from [99] shi-
Mbwera in Zambia
Angola (Cuando-Cubango)
99-AUR-pd chi-luimbi -luimbi, luimbe, lwimbe, lwimbi, ganguela-N., bantu-K12 Cuanza
valley
Angola (Malanj; Bi) 4
99-AUR-pe mbande luimbi-S. Angola (Bi; Moxico)
99-AUR-pf ki-chokwe -chokwe, cokwe, ciokwe, tshokwe, tschiokwe, shioko, djok, tshok, jok,
part of "wiko" Kasai upper valley Cuito upper valley
Angola (Lunda; Moxico; Bi);
Congo/Zaire (Bandundu; Shaba);
Zambia (Northwestern)
6
99-AUR-pg mi-nungu -nungu, mi-nungo, nungo, yongo, yungo, part of "wiko" +transition to
[99] Mbundu+ Songo Kwenge Cuilo upper valleys
Congo/Zaire (Bandundu); Angola
(Lunda)
99-AUR-ph si-lwena+ chi-luvale part of "wiko" Angola (Moxico); Congo/Zaire
(Shaba); Zambia (North Western)
6
99-AUR-pha si-lwena -lwena, luena, luvale-N., bantu-K14 Angola (Moxico); Congo/Zaire
(Shaba)
99-AUR-phb chi-luvale -luvale, luwale, lwena-S., lubale, lovale, lubare Angola (Moxico); Zambia (North
Western)
99-AUR-pi chi-luchazi -lucazi, ci-lucazi, luchazi, lujazi, lutchaz, lujash, lutshase, luxage,
ponda, bantu-K13, part of "wiko"
Angola (Moxico); Zambia (North
Western)
5
99-AUR-pia chi-luchazi-C. Angola (Moxico); Zambia (North
Western)
99-AUR-pib chi-luchazi-W. Dongwa-Kabompo swamp (enclave) Angola (Moxico)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUR-pj chi-mbunda -mbunda, ci-mbunda, gi-mbunda, mbuunda, bunda, bantu-K15, part of
"wiko"
Angola (Cuando-Cubango;
5
99-AUR-pja chi-mbunda-A. Angola (Moxico); Zambia
(Western)
5
99-AUR-pjb yauma Cuando, Kwando valley Angola (Cuando-Cubango;
99-AUR-pk chi-lunda luunda-S., part of lunda-S., bantu-L52 Zambia (North Western);
Congo/Zaire (Bandundu); Angola
(Moxico)
5
99-AUR-pka lunda-ndembu ndembu-E., ndembo, "standardised" lunda Zambia (North Western);
99-AUR-pkb ka-lunda lunda-kalunda (Bandundu)
99-AUR-pkc ka-mbove lunda-kambove (Bandundu)
99-AUR-pkd humbu (North Western)
99-AUR-pke ka-wiku (North Western)
99-AUR-pkf kosa koosa, a-kosa (North Western)
99-AUR-pl i-shindi -shindi, chindi, lunda-lua-chindi, part of lunda-S. Zambia; Angola
99-AUR-pm chi-na-luunda-W. luunda-W., part of lunda-N., luapula-lunda +submerged by [99] ci-na-
Luunda-E. survives as ceremonial language
Zambia
99-AUR-pn u-ruund -ruund, ruunda, luunda-N., chi-luwunda, luwunda, muatiamvua, lunda-
kamboro, lunda-kambove, part of lunda-N.
Congo/Zaire (Shaba; Lunda);
Angola
5
99-AUR-po kanincin ruund-kaninkin, beena-tubeya, part of lunda-N. Congo/Zaire
99-AUR-pp chi-salampahu -salampahu, salampasu, salampashu, mpasu, salampasa, bantu-L51
Luiza-E.
99-AUR-ppa chi-salampasu-A. (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUR-ppb luntu (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUR-q chiLuba+ kiSonge luba+ songe, bantu-L20 L30 Congo/Zaire; adjacent Zambia;
Angola
7*
99-AUR-qa lwalwa lwalu Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental) 4
99-AUR-qb mbal* Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUR-qc mbagani mbangani, bindi-SW., binji-SW. Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUR-qd lu-kete-S. -kete-S., ki-kete-S, kete-ipila, bantu-L21 Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUR-qe lu-kete-N. -kete-N., ki-kete-N, kete-katomb Mweka-NE. Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUR-qea lu-kete-NW. (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUR-qeb lu-kete-NE. (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUR-qf chi-binji -binji, bindi, bindji Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental;
Kasai-Oriental)
4
99-AUR-qfa chi-binji-NW. (Kasai-Occidental)
99-AUR-qfb chi-binji-SE. (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qg bu-ilande -ilande, bwilande, including lu-bondooyi, bondooyi Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qga ki-monga (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qgb ki-beeji beeshi (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qgc mu-solo (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qgd mi-dindwe (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qge kyambwe (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qgf mw-elaayi -elaayi, part of lu-bondooyi, bondooyi (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qgg chi-puke -puke, part of lu-bondooyi, bondooyi 2 (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qgh luulu part of lu-bondooyi, bondooyi 3 (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qh ki-budya -budya, ki-budia, budia, part of luba-N. Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qi ki-songe -songe, ki-songe-W.+ ka-lebwe, luba-songi, luba-NE., bantu-L23, part
of luba-N. Sankuru Lualaba valleys
Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental) 6
99-AUR-qia ki-songe-W. -songe-W., ki-songe "proper", lu-songe, songye, songi, "standard" west
songe
(Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qib ka-lebwe ki-na-ka-lebwe, i-ka-lebwe, i-ka-leebwe, songe-E., "standard" songe-
E., ki-lombeno-ki-bya
(Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qj mi-lembwe -lembwe, part of luba-N. Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qja mi-lembwe-N. (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qjb mi-lembwe-S. (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qk ki-n-ekiiye part of luba-N. Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qka ki-n-ekiiye-A. ekii, beneki (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qkb mpanza (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qkc maziba (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-ql chi-luba-V. "vehicular" chi-luba, luba-kasai, luba-kasayi, tshi-luba, luba-lulua, luva,
ki-tuba-W., chi-tuba, kiluba-kituba, in [51] Franais: tshi-luba de traite
=trade ciluba, bantu-L31, part of luba-W.
Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Occidental;
Kasai-Oriental)
7

99-AUR-qm chi-luba-E. part of luba-W., part of ba-luba community Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental) 6
99-AUR-qma chi-tolo -tolo (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qmb kande-E. (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qmc bowa (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qmd ndoba (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qme lonji (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qmf nshimba (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qmg nomba (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qn chi-luba-C. part of luba-W., part of ba-luba community Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qna nsumpia (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qnb kwanga (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qo chi-luba-W. part of luba-W., part of ba-luba community Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qoa kalonji-ka-mpuku (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qob disho (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qoc mpuka (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qod shila-kasanga (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qp chi-luba-S. part of luba-W., part of ba-luba community Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qpa kalonji-ka-chimanga (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qpb chi-yamba -yamba (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qq ki-na-luluwa lulua, part of luba-W. Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qqa ki-na-luluwa-A. bena-lulua community (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qqb chi-shi-lange (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qr bu-kwa-mputu -mputu, bwina-nkoshi, part of luba-W. Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qs luna inkongo, kuba 2, part of luba-W. Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental) 4
99-AUR-qt bu-kwa-luntu part of luba-W. Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental)
99-AUR-qu chi-kanyoka -kanyoka, chi-na-kanyoka, kanyok, kanioka, luba-SW., bantu-L32
Bushimaie Luembe valleys
Congo/Zaire (Kasai-Oriental) 5
99-AUR-qv ki-luba luba-shaba, luba-katanga, luba-samba, bantu-L33, part of luba-E. Congo/Zaire (Shaba; Kivu-S.) 6
99-AUR-qva ki-na-kalundwe ki-luba-W. Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUR-qvb luba-kabongo ki-luba-C. Kabongo Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUR-qvc luba-kasongo part of ki-luba-N. Lualaba valley: Kasongo Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.)
99-AUR-qvd luba-enya -enya-S., c-eenya-S., eenya-S., genya-kasongo, part of ki-luba-N.
Lualaba valley: Kasongo
Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.)
99-AUR-qve ki-zeela -zeela, zela, ki-luba-E. Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUR-qw ki-hemba -hemba, pemba, bantu-L34, part of luba-E. Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUR-qwa ki-hemba-N. (Shaba)
99-AUR-qwb ki-hemba-S. (Shaba)
99-AUR-qx ki-sanga luba-S., luba-sanga, luba-garenganze, bantu-L35 Congo/Zaire (Shaba) 5
99-AUR-qy ki-bangubangu -bangubangu, ki-bangobango, bangobango, bantu-D27 +transition to
99-Lega
Congo/Zaire (Kivu-S.; Shaba-N.) 5
99-AUR-qya ki-bangubangu-A. (Kivu-S.; Shaba-N.)
99-AUR-qyb ki-sanzi
99-AUR-qz chi-kaonde -kaonde, ci-kaonde, ki-kaonde, kawonde, chi-kahonde, kahonde,
bantu-L41
Zambia; Congo/Zaire 5
99-AUR-qza kaonde-kolwezi "zarean" kaonde Kolwezi Congo/Zaire 4
99-AUR-qzb kaonde-solwezi Solwezi Zambia
99-AUR-qzc kaonde-kasempa Kasempa Zambia
99-AUR-qzd kaonde-mumbwa Mumbwa Zambia
99-AUR-r ichiBemba+
ichiLamba
bemba+ lamba, bantu-M41/42 +transition to [99] Kiswahili+ Ikiruundi
(Bantu-Inner-East)
Zambia; Congo/Zaire 6
99-AUR-ra ki-lomotwa -lomotwa, lomotua, bantu-M42c +transition to [99] Luba+ Songye Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUR-rb ki-nwenshi -nwenshi, nweshi, nwesi, bantu-M42d +transition to [99] Luba+
Songye
Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUR-rc ki-na-kunda -kunda 2, ba-kamania, ba-ulu +transition to 99-Luba+ Songye Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUR-rca ki-na-kunda-N. (Shaba)
99-AUR-rcb ki-na-kunda-S. (Shaba)
99-AUR-rd ki-lembwe -lembwe, lembue, bantu-M42e Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUR-re i-chi-taabwa -taabwa, tabwa, rungu, bantu-M41a Zambia; Congo/Zaire (Shaba) 4
99-AUR-rf ki-bwile -bwile, ba-anza, anza, bwila, bile Zambia; Congo/Zaire (Shaba) 4
99-AUR-rg ki-shila sila, bantu-M41b Zambia; Congo/Zaire (Shaba) 3
99-AUR-rh i-chi-bemba -bemba, ci-bemba, wemba, ki-bemba, bantu-M42a Zambia; also Congo/Zaire (Shaba) 6
99-AUR-rha i-chi-bemba-N. bemba-mweru Mweru-W. lake Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUR-rhb i-chi-bemba-C. central bemba, "standard" bemba +towards which other Bemba+
Lamba languages are converging
Zambia
99-AUR-rhc i-chi-bemba-U. chi-kopabeluti (from [52] English: "copper-belt"), "popular urban"
bemba, "copperbelt" bemba Kitwe Ndola
Zambia

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUR-ri chi-na-luunda-E. chi-lunda-E., luapula-lunda 2 +having submerged [99] chi-na-Luunda-
W.
Zambia 4
99-AUR-rj ngoma ki-shinga, shinga 2, luapula-lunda 3, bantu-M42b Zambia; Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUR-rk chi-shinga -shinga Zambia
99-AUR-rl mukululu Zambia
99-AUR-rm ngumbo numbo, ng'umbo Zambia
99-AUR-rn i-chi-biisa -biisa, chi-bisa, bisa, bantu-M51 Zambia 5
99-AUR-rna i-chi-biisa-N. Bangweulu-E. lake Zambia
99-AUR-rnb i-chi-biisa-E. +transition to [99] Nyanja-Cewa Zambia
99-AUR-rnc i-chi-biisa-S. +transition to [99] Nyanja-Cewa Zambia
99-AUR-ro i-chi-lamba -lamba, bantu-M54 Zambia (Copperbelt; Central;
Northwestern-SE.); Congo/Zaire
(Shaba)
5
99-AUR-roa i-chi-lamba-N. lemba Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUR-rob i-chi-lamba-S. Zambia(Copperbelt; Central;
Northwestern-SE.); Congo/Zaire
(Shaba)
99-AUR-rp ki-seba -seba, sewa, shishi, bantu-M55 Zambia; Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUR-rq i-ch-aushi -aushi, kyaushi, ushi, usi, uzhii Zambia; Congo/Zaire (Shaba) 5
99-AUR-rr kabende Zambia 4
99-AUR-rs unga+ twa Bangweulu-SE. lake Zambia 4
99-AUR-rsa unga ungwa Zambia 4
99-AUR-rsb twa-bangweulu Zambia
99-AUR-rt i-chi-lala -lala, bantu-M52 Zambia; Congo/Zaire (Shaba) 5
99-AUR-ru ambo mbo, luangwa-ambo +transition to [99] Nyanja-Cewa Zambia 3
99-AUR-rv vu-lima wu-lima Zambia 4
99-AUR-rw i-chi-swaka -swaka, ma-swaka, bantu-M53 Zambia 4
99-AUR-rx luano Zambia
99-AUR-s chiTonga+ chiLenje tonga+ lenje Zambia (Central; Southern);
Zimbabwe
6
99-AUR-sa chi-lenje bantu-M61 Lukanga swamp Zambia (Central) 5
99-AUR-saa chi-na-mukuni -mukuni, chiina-mukuni, chine-mukuni (Central)
99-AUR-sab chi-lenje-A. -lenje-A. (Central)
99-AUR-sac chi-lenge -lenge, lengi (Central)
99-AUR-sad twa-lukanga (Central)
99-AUR-sb chi-soli bantu-M62 Lusaka>E. plus at least one other dialect Zambia (Central) 4
99-AUR-sba chi-soli-wa-manyika soli-rufunsa (Central)
99-AUR-sbb chi-soli-wa-malundu soli-lusaka (Central)
99-AUR-sc chi-ila bantu-M63 Zambia (Central; Southern) 4
99-AUR-sca chi-ila-A. sukulumbwe, shukulumbwe (Central; Southern)
99-AUR-scb lumbu-N. mbo-N.* (Central)
99-AUR-scc lumbu-S. mbo-S.* (Southern)
99-AUR-scd maala mala, mbala Zambia
99-AUR-sce lundwe Zambia
99-AUR-scf twa-kafue Zambia
99-AUR-scg sala-W. Zambia
99-AUR-sch sala-E. Zambia
99-AUR-sci bizhi* Zambia
99-AUR-sd chi-tonga-W. -tonga-W., zambezi, "bantu-botatwe", bantu-M64 Zambia; Zimbabwe 5
99-AUR-sda tonga-N. "plateau" tonga Zambia
99-AUR-sdb tonga-C. "downstream" tonga, part of "valley" tonga Zambia; Zimbabwe
99-AUR-sdc tonga-M. "midstream" tonga, part of "valley" tonga Zambia; Zimbabwe
99-AUR-sdd tonga-SW. "upstream" tonga, part of "valley" tonga Zambia; Zimbabwe
99-AUR-sde toka tonga-S., bantu-M64b Zambia
99-AUR-se leya Zambia; Botswana; Zimbabwe
99-AUR-sf chi-ikuhane -ikuhane, e-ci-subiya, subiya, subya, soubiya, ikwahani, bantu-K42 Zambia; Namibia; Botswana;
Zimbabwe
99-AUR-sg fwe Zambia; Namibia; Botswana
99-AUR-sh e-chi-totela -totela, bantu-K41 Zambia 4
99-AUR-si shanjo sanjo, bantu-K36 Zambia

99-AUS KISWAHILI+
IKIRUUNDI net
BANTU-INNER-EAST, swahili+ ruundi, including bantu-D5/6 bantu-
E bantu-F bantu-G bantu-M1/2 bantu-N bantu-P
+transition to [99] Bantu-Inner-West and to [99] Bantu-Inner-South
99-AUS-a ishiNyiha+ ichiFipa nyiha+ fipa, bantu-M11/27 Zambia; Tanzania 6
99-AUS-aa i-chii-na-mwanga -mwanga, na-mwanga, nyamwanga, i-na-mwanga, namwanga, ki-
namwanga, wi-na-mwanga, bantu-M22
Zambia; Tanzania 5
99-AUS-ab chi-kuulwe
99-AUS-ac i-wa -wa, mwanga-S., bantu-M26 Zambia
99-AUS-ad tambo tembo, bantu-M27 Zambia
99-AUS-ae i-chi-lambya -lambya, lambia, lambwa, rambia, bantu-N21h Malawi
99-AUS-af i-shi-malila -malila, i-shi-malilia, malilia, bantu-M24 Tanzania; Malawi 4
99-AUS-ag i-shi-safwa -safwa, ci-safwa, guruku, mbila, songwe, bantu-M25 Tanzania 5
99-AUS-ah i-shi-nyiha -nyiha, nyika-S., nyixa, ci-nyiha, bantu-M23 dialects to be identified
Rukwa-S. lake
Zambia 5
99-AUS-ai i-chi-wanda -wanda, wandya, wandia, bantu-M21 Rukwa lake Tanzania 4
99-AUS-aj mambwe+ lungu Zambia; Tanzania 5
99-AUS-aja "union"-mambwe-
lungu
"standard" mambwe-lungu compromise written standard Zambia; Tanzania
99-AUS-ajb i-chi-mambwe -mambwe, ki-mambwe, bantu-M15 Rukwa-SW. lake Zambia; Tanzania 5
99-AUS-ajc i-chi-lungu -lungu, i-chi-rungu, rungu, adong, bantu-M14 Tanganyika-S. lake Zambia 5*
99-AUS-ak i-chi-fipa -fipa, fiba, bantu-M13 Tanganyika-SE. lake Tanzania 5
99-AUS-aka yantili pemba Tanzania
99-AUS-akb kwafi Tanzania
99-AUS-akc siwa Tanzania
99-AUS-akd kandasi Tanzania
99-AUS-ake e-chi-sukuma -sukuma-S. Tanzania
99-AUS-akf aa-kwa kwa Tanzania
99-AUS-akg chile cipeta Tanzania
99-AUS-al i-chi-rungwa -rungwa, lungwa, bantu-M12 Rukwa-N. lake Tanzania 4
99-AUS-am i-chi-pimbwe -pimbwe, bantu-M11 Tanzania 4
99-AUS-b ikiBungu+ kiKimbu bungu+ kimbu, -bantu-F24/25 Tanzania 5
99-AUS-ba i-ki-bungu -bungu, vungu, wungu, bantu-F25 Rukwa-SE. lake Tanzania 4
99-AUS-bb ki-kimbu -kimbu, yanzi, bantu-F24 Rukwa lake Rungwa Tanzania 4
99-AUS-c kiBende+ kiTongwe bende+ tongwe, -bantu-F11/12 Tanganyika-E. lake Tanzania 4
99-AUS-ca ki-bende bantu-F12 prefix to be confirmed Tanzania 4
99-AUS-cb ki-tongwe -tongwe, bantu-F11 Tanzania 4
99-AUS-d i-kiRuundi+
i-kinyaRwanda
Nyanza-W., ruundi+ rwanda +transition to 99-Nyanza-C. Tanzania; Burundi; Rwanda;
Congo/Zaire; Uganda
7
99-AUS-da vinza bantu-D67 Tanzania 4*
99-AUS-db i-ki-ha -ha, ki-ha, gi-ha, haa, bantu-D66 Tanzania 5
99-AUS-dc i-ki-ruundi rundi, u-rundi, ki-rundi, bantu-D62 Burundi; also Tanzania 6
99-AUS-dca hutu-S. ba-hutu-S. community Burundi
99-AUS-dcb tutsi-S. ba-tutsi-S., wa-tutsi-S. community Burundi
99-AUS-dcc ru-twa -twa; part of ba-twa communities Burundi
99-AUS-dd u-ru-shubi shuvi, subi, sinja, bantu-D64 Tanzania
99-AUS-de ki-hangaza bantu-D65 Tanzania
99-AUS-df i-ki-nya-rwanda ruanda, o-ru-nya-rwanda, u-ru-nya-ruanda; ba-hutu-N.+ wa-tutsi-N.
communities
Rwanda; also Tanzania;
Congo/Zaire; Uganda
6
99-AUS-dfa u-lu-lera lera; part of hutu-N., ba-hutu-N. community Rwanda
99-AUS-dfb hera-N. part of hutu-N., ba-hutu-N. community Rwanda
99-AUS-dfc ndara part of hutu-N., ba-hutu-N. community Rwanda
99-AUS-dfd i-ki-shobyo -shobyo, part of hutu-N., ba-hutu-N. community Rwanda
99-AUS-dfe tshogo part of hutu-N., ba-hutu-N. community Rwanda
99-AUS-dff ndogo part of hutu-N., ba-hutu-N. community Rwanda
99-AUS-dfg tutsi-N. ba-tutsi-N., wa-tutsi-N. community Rwanda
99-AUS-dfh ki-goyi Rwanda
99-AUS-dfi bu-fumbwa -fumbwa Rwanda
99-AUS-dfj gi-sozo Rwanda 0
99-AUS-dg i-gi-kiga -kiga, ki-lera, gi-shiru, tshiga, bantu-D68 Rwanda; Uganda
99-AUS-dh ki-joba* -joba, zyoba, zoba Tanganyika-W. lake Tanzania; Congo/Zaire 4
99-AUS-dha masanze Tanganyika-W. lake Tanzania
99-AUS-dhb vira Tanganyika-NW. lake: Uvira-NW. Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-di i-ki-fuliru -huliro, ki-fuliro, fuliro, fuliiru, fulero, bantu-D63 Uvira-NW. Congo/Zaire 5
99-AUS-dj kabwari Congo/Zaire

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUS-dk a-ma-shi -shi, ma-shi, ra-shi Congo/Zaire 5
99-AUS-dka kabare Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dkb burhale-ngweshi Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dkc nyangeshi Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dkd lindja lwindja, hwindja Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dke ziba-W. Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dl e-ki-haavu -haavu, havu, ki-haavu, ki-havu, gi-havu, haavu-mushi, bantu-D52 Congo/Zaire; Rwanda
99-AUS-dla e-ki-haavu-W. bantu-D52 Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dlb e-ki-haavu-E. Rwanda
99-AUS-dm e-ki-hunde -hunde-W., kano Congo/Zaire 5
99-AUS-dma e-ki-hunde-A. Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dmb e-ki-tembo tenbo, nyabungu, bantu-D53 Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dmc e-ki-rhinyirhinyi -rhinyirhinyi Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dmd e-ki-nyindu -nyindu Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dn o-ru-kobi -kobi, ru-kobi, kovi, hunde-E. Kigezi Uganda
99-AUS-do e-ki-songoora -songoora-E., e-di-songoora Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dp e-ki-shu Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dpa e-ki-shu-G. "general" shu Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dpb e-ki-shukali "women's" shu Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dq e-ki-nande -nando-ru-nande, ndande Congo/Zaire; also Uganda 6*
99-AUS-dqa e-ki-nande-A. -nande-N., o-ru-ndandi, nandi, ndandi, ndande Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dqb e-ki-kira -kira Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dqc e-ki-swaga swanga Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dqd e-ki-tangi -tangi Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dqe e-ki-kumbule -kumbule Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dqf e-ki-mate -mate Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dqg e-ki-yira Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-dr o-ru-konzo -konzo, konjo, kondjo, o-lu-konzo, ru-konjo, bantu-D41 Congo/Zaire (Kivu); Uganda (Toro) 5
99-AUS-dra o-ru-konzo-A. Ruwenzori mountains Congo/Zaire (Kivu); Uganda (Toro) 5
99-AUS-drb e-ki-sanza -sanza Uganda (Toro) 4
99-AUS-ds ki-yaaka* Rwanda
99-AUS-dt talinga-bwisi in Zare: e-ki-talinga, in Uganda: o-ru-bwisi +transition to [99] Nyanza-
C. Kilimbe
Uganda; Congo/Zaire trans-frontier 4
99-AUS-dta e-ki-talinga-A. Congo/Zaire; also Uganda
99-AUS-dtb o-ru-bwisi-A. Uganda; also Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-e o-ruNyankore+
o-luGanda
Nyanza-C., nkore+ ganda, runyankore+ luganda, ru-tara +transition
to [99] Nyanza-W.
Uganda; Congo/Zaire; Tanzania
6
99-AUS-ea ru-gungu -gungu Uganda
99-AUS-eb o-ru-ruli -ruli, ru-ruli Uganda
99-AUS-ec nyoro-toro Uganda; Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-eca o-ru-nyoro-E. -nyoro-E., ugandan nyoro, tyopi, bantu-E11 Uganda
99-AUS-ecb o-ru-nyoro-W. -nyoro-W., zarean nyoro, bu-nyoro, mo-kambo, kambo, wa-gongo,
gongo
Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-ecc o-ru-tooro tooro, toro, bantu-E12 Uganda
99-AUS-ed o-ru-tagwenda Uganda
99-AUS-ee ru-nya-ruguru ruguru-NW. Uganda
99-AUS-ef o-ru-nya-nkore runyankore, -nkore, nkole, u-lu-nya-nkore, lu-nya-nkore, ankole, bantu-
E13; ba-hima-N., hima-N. community
Uganda; also Rwanda;
Congo/Zaire
6
99-AUS-efa o-ru-nya-nkore-A. runyankore "proper" Uganda
99-AUS-efb ru-hororo -hororo Uganda
99-AUS-efc o-lu-ciga kiga, tshiga, o-ru-ciga, Kiga 2, bantu-E14 Uganda; also Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-efd o-ro-hima -hima-S., hema, huma, u-ru-hema, ki-hema; ba-hima-S., hima
community
Rwanda; Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-eg ru-nyambo -nyambo, e-ki-nyambo, ki-nyambo, bantu-E21 Tanzania (West Lake) 3
99-AUS-ega ru-nyambo-A. -nyambo-A. (West Lake)
99-AUS-egb u-ru-ragwe -ragwe, ka-ragwe, ru-ka-ragwe, (West Lake)
99-AUS-egc yakahanga (West Lake)
99-AUS-eh ru-haya -haya, e-ki-haya, bantu-E22 Tanzania (West Lake) 6
99-AUS-eha ru-haya-A. -haya-A., e-ki-haya (West Lake)
99-AUS-ehb lu-na-buddu -buddu (West Lake)
99-AUS-ehc lu-ziba -ziba-E., e-ki-ziba, lu-na-ziba, bantu-E22a (West Lake)
99-AUS-ehd bumbira (West Lake)
99-AUS-ehe edangabo (West Lake)
99-AUS-ehf hamba-E. (West Lake)

99-AUS-ehg hangiro (West Lake)
99-AUS-ehh mwani-2 (West Lake)
99-AUS-ehi nyakisasa nyakisisa, nyakisaka (West Lake)
99-AUS-ehj yoza (West Lake)
99-AUS-ei e-chi-jinja -jinja, e-chi-dzindza, dzindza, e-ci-zinza, zinza, zinja, e-ciinja, bantu-
E23 Victoria-SW. shore & islands
Tanzania 5
99-AUS-ej e-chi-kerebe -kerebe, e-ki-kerebe, kereve, kerewe, bantu-E24 Victoria-SE. lake:
Ukerewe island Bukerebe peninsula
Tanzania 5*
99-AUS-ek kwaya part of suguti Victoria-SE. shore Tanzania
99-AUS-eka kwaya-A. Tanzania
99-AUS-ekb ruri rori Tanzania
99-AUS-el e-chi-jita -jita, e-ci-jita, bantu-E25, part of suguti Victoria-SE. shore Tanzania
99-AUS-em ki-kara -kara, 'regi', part of suguti Victoria-SE. lake: Ukara island Kateguru
peninsula
Tanzania 5*
99-AUS-en o-lu-sese -sese Victoria-N. lake: Sese archipelago Uganda
99-AUS-eo o-lu-kome Victoria-N. lake: Kome island Uganda
99-AUS-ep o-lu-vuma Victoria-N. lake: Bavuma island Uganda
99-AUS-eq o-lu-gaya Victoria-N. lake: Bugaia island Uganda
99-AUS-er o-lu-ganda -lu-ganda, ganda, bantu-E15 Uganda; migration> Tanzania;
Kenya
6
99-AUS-era o-lu-ganda-A. -lu-ganda-A. Uganda
99-AUS-erb o-lu-kooki -kooki, lu-ganda-S. +transition to [99] ru-Haya Uganda
99-AUS-es o+lu-soga -lu-soga, soga, bantu-E16 Victoria-N. lake Kyoga lake Uganda (Busoga)
99-AUS-esa o-lu-soga-S. (Busoga)
99-AUS-esb o-lu-soga-N. (Busoga)
99-AUS-esc o-lu-kenyi -lu-kenyi, kenyi Kyoga lake (Busoga)
99-AUS-et o-lu-diope -lu-diope, diope Uganda
99-AUS-eu o-lu-lamogi -lu-lamogi, lamogi Uganda
99-AUS-ev o-lu-siki -lu-siki, siki Uganda
99-AUS-ew o-lu-gwere -lu-gwere, gwere, bantu-E17 Kyoga lake Uganda 5
99-AUS-ex o-ru-nyara -nyara, lu-nyala, nyala, bantu-E18 +transition to [99] Nyanza-NE.
Victoria-NE. shore
Uganda; Kenya frontier
99-AUS-f uluMasaba+
oluLuyia
Nyanza-N., masaba+ luyia, bantu-E30's Kenya; Uganda 6
99-AUS-fa u-lu-masaba -masaba, lu-masaba, part of masaba+ bukusu Elgon-W. massif Uganda (Bugisu) 5
99-AUS-faa u-lu-gisu -gisu, gishu, kisu, u-lu-kisu, u-lu-masaba-A., bantu-E31 (Bugisu) 5
99-AUS-fab u-lu-dadiri -lu-dadiri, dadiri (Bugisu)
99-AUS-fac u-lu-buya -lu-buya, buya, vuya (Bugisu)
99-AUS-fb u-lu-bukusu -lu-bukusu, bukusu, vukusu, bukushu, kitosh, part of masaba+ bukusu Kenya (Western)
99-AUS-fc o-ru-syan bantu sebei, part of masaba+ bukusu Uganda
99-AUS-fd o-lu-nyore -nyore, lu-nyore, nyuli-W., bantu-E33 Uganda; Kenya (Western) 5
99-AUS-fe o-lu-saamia -saamia, samia, samya, luyia-W., bantu-E34 Uganda; Kenya (Western) 5
99-AUS-fea o-lu-saamia-A. -saaamia-A. Uganda; Kenya (Western) 4
99-AUS-feb lu-gwe -gwe-N. Uganda
99-AUS-fec songa-N. Uganda 4
99-AUS-fed lu-xaayo xayo, xaiyo, khayo, tindi Uganda; Kenya (Western) 4
99-AUS-fee lu-nyala-SW. -nyala-SW., du-nyala, ru-nyara, "lake" ba-nyala community Kenya (Western); also Uganda 4
99-AUS-fef lu-maraci marachi, marach Kenya (Western) 4
99-AUS-ff o-lu-luyia-F. "standard" luyia, "union" luhya, "union" lu-luyia, "union" lu-luhya,
"bantu" kavirondo compromise colonial written standard, now
discontinued
Kenya (Western) 6*
99-AUS-fg o-lu-wanga o-lu-hanga, hanga, bantu-E32a, part of lu-luyia-C., luyia-C., luhya-C. Kenya 5
99-AUS-fga o-lu-wanga-N. -wanga-N., hanga-N. Kenya
99-AUS-fgb o-lu-wanga-mukulu -wanga-mukulu, mukulu Kenya
99-AUS-fgc o-lu-wanga-S. -wanga-S., hanga-S. Kenya
99-AUS-fh lu-nyala-NE. -nyala-N., lu-kakelelwa, lewi, part of lu-luyia-C., luyia-C., luhya-C. Kenya
99-AUS-fi taconi tachoni, tatsoni, tadjoni, part of lu-luyia-C., luyia-C., luhya-C. Kenya
99-AUS-fj kabras Kenya
99-AUS-fja kabras-N. Kenya
99-AUS-fjb kabras-S. Kenya
99-AUS-fk lu-tsotso -tsotso, tsootso, bantu-E32b, part of lu-luyia-C., luyia-C., luhya-C. Kenya
99-AUS-fl lu-marama -marama, part of lu-luyia-C., luyia-C., luhya-C. Kenya
99-AUS-fm lu-shisa -sisa, kisa, lu-kisa, part of lu-luyia-C., luyia-C., luhya-C. Kenya
99-AUS-fn o-lu-nyuli -nyuli, nyule, nyole, nyoole, lu-nyole, o-lu-nyole, nyore-E., bantu-E35,
part of lu-luyia-C., luyia-C., luhya-C.
Kenya 5
99-AUS-fo lw-isuxa -isuxa, isukha, u-lu-isuxa, be-sukha, kakumega-N., kakamega-N., part
of lu-luyia-S.
Kenya

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUS-fp lw-idaxo -idaxo, idakho, itakho, itoxo, itokho, itaxo, be-dakho, kakumega-S.,
kakamega-S., part of lu-luyia-S.
Kenya
99-AUS-fq lu-tiriki -tiriki, tirichi, part of lu-luyia-S. Kenya
99-AUS-fr u-lu-logooli -logooli, logoli, lugooli, l-lugooli, llogole, lu-lagoli, ragoli, lu-ragoli, ma-
ragoli, ragole, l-logole, bantu-E41, part of lu-luyia-S.
Kenya
99-AUS-g ekeKoria+ ekeZanaki Nyanza-E., koria+ zanaki, bantu-E43/45 Kenya 5
99-AUS-ga e-ke-koria -koria, kuria, i-ki-kuria, e-ke-kuria, e-ki-kuria, i-gi-kuria, gi-kuria, guria,
koria, kurya, tende, bantu-E43 in course of replacement by [04] Dho-
Luo
Kenya (Nyanza); Tanzania (Mara) 5
99-AUS-gaa suba
99-AUS-gab lu-singa -singa Victoria lake: Rusinga Island Kenya (Nyanza)
99-AUS-gac mfangano Victoria lake: Mfangano Island Kenya (Nyanza)
99-AUS-gad kaksingri Kenya*
99-AUS-gae gwasi Kenya*
99-AUS-gaf suna+ rieri Suna Kenya (Nyanza)
99-AUS-gag kine Kenya*
99-AUS-gah surwa Kenya*
99-AUS-gai sweta soeta, bantu-E44e Kenya*
99-AUS-gaj ki-seru -seru Kenya*
99-AUS-gak simbiti bantu-E44k Kenya*
99-AUS-gal e-ke-koria-A. -koria "proper" Kenya (Nyanza); Tanzania (Mara)
99-AUS-gam timbaru Kenya and/or Tanzania
99-AUS-gan kenye keenai Kenya and/or Tanzania
99-AUS-gao bw-iregi -irege Kenya and/or Tanzania
99-AUS-gap nya-basi -basi Nyabasi Kenya (Nyanza)+ Tanzania (Mara)
frontier
99-AUS-gaq nya-moongo -moongo Nyamougo Tanzania (Mara)
99-AUS-gar mera Mara Tanzania (Mara)
99-AUS-gas bu-gumbe -gumbe Tanzania*
99-AUS-gat bu-kira -kira Tanzania*
99-AUS-gau ki-roba -roba, bantu-E44f Tanzania*
99-AUS-gav rencoka Tanzania*
99-AUS-gaw kabwa Tanzania*
99-AUS-gb e-ke-zanaki+ i-koma Tanzania (Mara) 4
99-AUS-gba e-ke-zanaki zanaki "proper", i-ki-zanaki, bantu-E44a Tanzania (Mara)
99-AUS-gbb ndali bantu-E44c (Mara)
99-AUS-gbc siora bantu-E44d (Mara)
99-AUS-gbd i-ki-ngurimi ngoreme, nguruimi, ngruimi (Mara)
99-AUS-gbe sizaki shasi (Mara)
99-AUS-gbf i-koma (Mara)
99-AUS-gbg i-ki-isenyi -isenyi, i-ki-isanyi, issenyi, issenye, bantu-E44b (Mara)
99-AUS-gbh i-ki-zu bantu-E44g (Mara)
99-AUS-gbi gi-rango -rango, bantu-E44h (Mara)
99-AUS-gbj i-ki-nata bantu-E45 (Mara)
99-AUS-h kiNyamwezi+ kiGwe Nyanza-S., nyamwezi+ gwe, sukuma+ nyamwezi, nyanza-S. Victoria
lake Rungwa lake
Tanzania 6
99-AUS-ha ki-sumbwa -sumbwa, mweri, bantu-F23 Tanzania (Shinyanga) 5
99-AUS-hb ki-gwe ki-sukuma, bantu-F21 #sukuma =north Tanzania (Mwanza; Shinyanga) 6
99-AUS-hba ki-muna-sukuma sukuma "proper", gwe-N. (Mwanza)
99-AUS-hbb ki-muna-ngweeli -ngweeli, muna-nweeli, gwe-W. (Mwanza; Shinyanga)
99-AUS-hbc ki-muna-dakama -dakama, gwe-S. (Shinyanga)
99-AUS-hbd ki-muna-kiiya -kiiya, kiya, gwe-E. (Shinyanga)
99-AUS-hc ki-nyamwezi -nyamwezi, -mwezi, nyamwesi, ki-namweri, mweri Tanzania (Tabora) 6*
99-AUS-hca yubi yuvi, u-yui; wa-yuwi community (Tabora)
99-AUS-hcb nyanyembe u-nyanyembe, fundikiras; wa-nyanyembe community (Tabora)
99-AUS-hcc lambo u-rambo; wa-lambo community (Tabora)
99-AUS-hcd konongo sikonge; wa-konongo community (Tabora)
99-AUS-hce kimbu-N. kiimbu, u-kimbu, tabora; wa-kimbu-N. community Tabora (Tabora)
99-AUS-hcf ki-dakama -dakama, takama, galaganza, garaganza; wa-galaganza community (Tabora)
99-AUS-hcg nandaala ndala; wa-nandaala community (Tabora)
99-AUS-hch nambiyu u-nyambiu; wa-nambiyu community (Tabora)
99-AUS-hd i-ki-ni-lyamba -nilyamba, -lyamba, bantu-F31 Tanzania (Tabora; Singida) 5
99-AUS-hda i-ki-ni-lyamba-A. nilyamba "proper", ni-lamba, i-ramba, lamba, ramba (Tabora; Singida) 5
99-AUS-hdb n-yambi -yambi, iambi, nilyamba-E. Iambi (Singida; Arusha) 4
99-AUS-hdc i-sanzu -sanzu, nilyamba-N. (Tabora*)
99-AUS-hdd yeke migration> Congo/Zaire 0

99-AUS-he ki-nya-turu -nyaturu, -turu; wa-nya-turu community, bantu-F32 Singida>S. Tanzania (Singida; Tabora) 5
99-AUS-hea ki-rimi -rimi, ke-remi, limi, ki-nya-turu-A., nyaturu-A. (Singida; Tabora)
99-AUS-heb ki-rwana -rwana, gi-rwana, qi-rwana (Singida*)
99-AUS-hec c-ahi -ahi (Singida*)
99-AUS-hed ki-nya-munyinganyi -munyinganyi, gi-nya-munyinganyi (Singida*)
99-AUS-i kiLangi+ kiMbugwe langi+ mbugwe, bantu-F33/34 Tanzania (Dodoma; Arusha) 5
99-AUS-ia ki-langi kii-rangi, ke-langi, i-rangi, rangi, bantu-F33 Tanzania (Dodoma; Arusha) 5
99-AUS-ib ki-mbugwe buwe, bantu-F34 #prefix to be confirmed Manyara lake Tanzania (Arusha) 4
99-AUS-j kiTuveta+ chAsu tuveta+ asu, bantu-G21/22 Tanzania (Kilimanjaro; Tanga);
Kenya (Coast)
5
99-AUS-ja ki-tuveta -tuveta, ki-taveta, taveta, ki-tubeta, tubeta, bantu-G21 Taveta Kenya (Coast); also Tanzania
(Kilimanjaro)
3
99-AUS-jb ch-asu -asu, -athu, chi-athu, chi-asu, chasu, pare, bantu-G22 Same Pare
mountains
Tanzania (Kilimanjaro); adjacent
Kenya
5
99-AUS-jba chasu-N. pare-N. (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUS-jbb chasu-S. pare-S. (Kilimanjaro)
99-AUS-jc chi-mbughu -mbughu, mbugu 2, mbougou, part of ba-twa community spoken
alongside [15] Ma'a (Mbugu) Usambara mountains
Tanzania (Tanga) 4
99-AUS-k kiPokomo "inner" pokomo Tana lower valley distinct from [99] Ilwana ("outer"
Pokomo)
Kenya (Coast) 4
99-AUS-ka ki-pokomo-A. -pokomo "proper", fokomo, ki-pfokomo, pfokomo, phokomo, pokomo-
N., bantu-E71, part of "upper" pokomo
Kenya (Coast) 4
99-AUS-kaa malalulu (Coast) 3
99-AUS-kab zubaki (Coast) 3
99-AUS-kb ndura+ gwano pokomo-C., part of "upper" pokomo Kenya ( (Coast) 4
99-AUS-kba ndura-A. (Coast) 3
99-AUS-kbb kinakomba (Coast) 3
99-AUS-kbc gwano (Coast) 3
99-AUS-kbd ndera (Coast) 3
99-AUS-kc malachini malacini, pokomo-S., "lower" pokomo Kenya ( (Coast) 4
99-AUS-kca mwina (Coast)
99-AUS-kcb buu-N. (Coast)
99-AUS-kcc ku-lesa -lesa, lisa, bi-lisa (Coast)
99-AUS-kcd ngatana (Coast)
99-AUS-kce buu-C. (Coast)
99-AUS-kcf dzunza (Coast)
99-AUS-kcg buu-S. (Coast)
99-AUS-kch kalindi (Coast)
99-AUS-l kiGiryama+ kiDigo Miji-Kenda, giryama+ digo, nyika, nyiha, bantu-E72 Indian Ocean
coast: Lamu-S. Tanga-N. #in [99] Swahili miji kenda =nine
communities/towns
Kenya (Coast); adjacent Tanzania
(Tanga)
6
99-AUS-la ki-giryama -giryama,.giriama, part of mijikenda-N. Kenya (Coast) 5
99-AUS-lb ki-kauma -kauma, part of mijikenda-N. Kenya (Coast) 4
99-AUS-lc ki-conyi -conyi, chonyi, dschogni, part of mijikenda-N. Kenya (Coast)
99-AUS-ld ki-jibana -jibana, dzihana, part of mijikenda-N. Kenya (Coast) 4
99-AUS-le ki-kambe -kambe, part of mijikenda-N. Kenya (Coast) 3
99-AUS-lf ki-ribe -ribe, rihe, part of mijikenda-N. Kenya (Coast) 3
99-AUS-lg ki-rabai -rabai, part of mijikenda-S. Kenya (Coast) 4
99-AUS-lh ki-duruma -duruma, part of mijikenda-S. Kenya (Coast) 5
99-AUS-li ki-digo -digo, part of mijikenda-S. Kenya (Coast); adjacent Tanzania
(Tanga)
5
99-AUS-lj ki-chwaka -chwaka, part of mijikenda-S. constitutes an additional (tenth)
member of miji-kenda
Kenya and/or Tanzania
99-AUS-m kiSwahili "wider" swahili #derived from [12] 'Arabiyya sawaailii=coastal, of the
coasts Arabic script; Latin script
Tanzania; Kenya; Uganda;
Somalia; Mozambique; Comoro
Islands (including Mayotte);
Congo/Zaire; Rwanda; Burundi
7
99-AUS-ma ki-swahili-L. "muslim literary" swahili from c.1700: in Arabic script still used for
traditional poetry, including variants according to local spoken form
Kenya; Tanzania
99-AUS-mb ki-swahili-F. sanifu, "standard" swahili, "union" swahili based largely on ki-Unguja Tanzania; Kenya; Uganda;
Comoro Islands; Congo/Zaire;
Rwanda; Burundi
99-AUS-mc ci-miini ci-mwiini, mbalazi, ci-mbalazi, "bravanese", bantu-G41b; baraawe
community Brava
Somalia; migration (recent
refugees)> Kenya
4
99-AUS-md ki-tikuu t'ik'uu, thikuu, tikulu, bajuni, badjouni, bajoni, bajun, patschuni, gunya,
ki-gunya, faza-swahili, bantu-G41a
Kenya (Coast); Somalia (Lower
Juba)
99-AUS-mda barani "mainland" tikuu (Coast); (Lower Juba)
99-AUS-mdb dhisiwani "island" tikuu (Coast)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUS-me ki-siyu -siyu, siu Siu island Kenya (Coast)
99-AUS-mf ki-pate -pate, patta Patta island Kenya (Coast) 3
99-AUS-mg matondoni Kenya (Coast)
99-AUS-mh ki-amu Lamu island, bantu-G42a Kenya (Coast)
99-AUS-mha ki-shela -shela (Coast);
99-AUS-mhb ki-pungani -pungani (Coast);
99-AUS-mi ki-mvita -mvita, mwita, bantu-G42b Kenya (Coast)
99-AUS-mia malindi (Coast)
99-AUS-mib kilifi (Coast)
99-AUS-mic mombasa (Coast)
99-AUS-mj ci-jomvu -jomvu Kenya (Coast)
99-AUS-mk ki-ngare -ngare Kenya (Coast)
99-AUS-ml shirazi Kenya (Coast)
99-AUS-mla shirazi-A. (Coast)
99-AUS-mlb ci-cifundi chifundi, chifunzi, funzi (Coast)
99-AUS-mlc aleni (Coast)
99-AUS-mld ngowa (Coast)
99-AUS-mm ki-vumba Kenya (Coast)
99-AUS-mma ki-vumba-A. vumba "proper" (Coast)
99-AUS-mmb ki-kyuyu -kyuyu (Coast)
99-AUS-mmc ki-masi -masi (Coast)
99-AUS-mmd ki-bumbu -bumbu (Coast)
99-AUS-mme ki-vanga -vanga (Coast)
99-AUS-mn ki-mtangata -mtangata, mtanata, mrima-N. Tanzania (Tanga)
99-AUS-mo pemba ki-phemba, ki-pemba, bantu-G43a Pemba island Tanzania (Pemba)
99-AUS-moa konde-N. part of pemba-N. (Pemba)
99-AUS-mob tumbe part of pemba-N. (Pemba)
99-AUS-moc mi-cheweni -cheweni, part of pemba-N. (Pemba)
99-AUS-mod kowani part of pemba-C. (Pemba)
99-AUS-moe matele part of pemba-C. (Pemba)
99-AUS-mof ndagoni part of pemba-C. (Pemba)
99-AUS-mog ngwachani part of pemba-C. (Pemba)
99-AUS-moh kiuyu part of pemba-C. (Pemba)
99-AUS-moi kambini part of pemba-C. (Pemba)
99-AUS-moj chokocho pemba-S. (Pemba)
99-AUS-mp zanzibari Zanzibar Pemba-S. islands Tanzania (Zanzibar)
99-AUS-mpa ki-tumbatu tumbato, bantu-G43b, zanzibari-N. Zanzibar Pemba-S. islands (Zanzibar)
99-AUS-mpb ki-hadimu zanzibari-S., bantu-G43c Zanzibar island (Zanzibar)
99-AUS-mpc makunduchi (Zanzibar)
99-AUS-mpd jambiani (Zanzibar)
99-AUS-mq ki-unguja "urban" zanzibari, "central" swahili, bantu-G42d Tanzania (Zanzibar)
99-AUS-mr ki-mrima bantu-G42d Tanzania (Coast; Mtwara); also
Mozambique (Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-mra mafia Mafia island (Coast)
99-AUS-mrb mgao kilwa Kilwa southwards (Mtwara); (Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-ms shi-ngazidya ki-ngazidya, ngazija, bantu-G44a, part of shimasiwa, komoro,
comorien Grande Comore island
Comoro Islands
99-AUS-mt ki-mwali Mohli island Comoro Islands
99-AUS-mu shi-nzuani -nzuani, nzwani, hinzua, hunzua, anjouan, bantu-G44b, in [51]
Franais: grand-comorien, part of shimasiwa, komoro, comorien
Anjouan island
Comoro Islands
99-AUS-mua shi-nzuani-W. anjouan-W. Comoro Islands
99-AUS-mub shi-nzuani-E. anjouan-E. Comoro Islands
99-AUS-muc "highland"-nzuani* "highland" anjouan Comoro Islands
99-AUS-mv shi-maore in [51] Franais: mahorais, part of shimasiwa, komoro, comorien Mayotte 4
99-AUS-mva shi-maore-A. "rural" maore Mayotte
99-AUS-mvb shi-maore-U. "urban" maore Momojou Dzaudzi Mayotte
99-AUS-mw ki-shamba "up-country" swahili +influenced by [99] Bantu mother-tongues Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda
99-AUS-mx ki-hindi "up-country" swahili 2, "indian" swahili influenced by [59] Indo-Aryan
primary languages
Kenya; Tanzania
99-AUS-my ki-settla "up-country" swahili 3, "settler" swahili, "european" swahili
+influenced by [52] English
Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda

99-AUS-mz ki-ngwana congo-swahili, potopoto Congo/Zaire-E. (Shaba; Kivu;
Haut-Zaire)
6
99-AUS-mza ki-ngwana-F. -ngwana "official", "standard" congo-swahili compromise written
standard
Congo/Zaire
99-AUS-mzb ituri "kibali-ituri" ki-ngwana Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare)
99-AUS-mzc lualaba "lualaba river" ki-ngwana Lualaba corridor Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zare; Kivu)
99-AUS-mzd ki-shaba lubumbashi-swahili Congo/Zaire (Shaba)
99-AUS-n kiMwani mwani, mwane, muane, mwali, quimuane, swahili-S.; na-mwani, na-
muene community Quionga Memba coast & offshore islands
Mozambique 5
99-AUS-na ki-mwani-N. moimboa-da-praia Moimboa-da-Praia coast & offshore islands (Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-nb ki-mwani-ki-sanga quissanga Quissanga coast (Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-nc ki-mwani-ibo ibo Ibo island (Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-nd ki-mwani-S. memba Memba coast (Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-ne ki-mwani-W. mwani-makwe influenced by [99] Makua primary language
Quissanga hinterland
(Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-o kiShambala+
chiGogo*
shambala+ gogo, bantu-G11/12+ G23+ G31/39 Tanzania; adjacent Kenya 6
99-AUS-oa ki-shambala -shambala, ki-shambaa, shambaa, ki-sambaa, sambaa, sambara,
sambala, bantu-G23, in [52] Deutsch: schambala Usambara
mountains
Tanzania; adjacent Kenya 5
99-AUS-ob ki-bondei -bondei, bonde Usambara-NE. mountains Tanzania 4
99-AUS-oc ki-ngulu -ngulu-N., nguru-N., nguli, ngula, nguu, including wayomba, geja,
bantu-G34 Ngulu mountains
Tanzania 5
99-AUS-od ki-zigula -zigula, zigwa, zeguha, zigua, zigoua, seguha, bantu-G31; wa-zigula,
wa-zegua, wa-yombo community
Tanzania 5
99-AUS-oe ki-mushu-ngulu wa-zegua-N. community spoken by descendants of formerly
enslaved speakers of [99] ki-Zigula Jamaame Kismaayo
Muqdisho
Somalia (since 19th century) 4
99-AUS-of doe dohe Tanzania 4
99-AUS-og ki-zalamo -zalamo, ki-zaramo, zaramo, zaramu, dzalamo, myagatwa, bantu-G33 Tanzania 5
99-AUS-oh ki-nghwele -nghwele, ngwele, nhwele, kwele, kwere, bantu-G32 Tanzania
99-AUS-oi ki-kutu -kutu, khutu, ziraha, bantu-G37 Tanzania 4
99-AUS-oj chi-lugulu -lugulu, luguru, ruguru-SE., i-ki-ruguru, guru, bantu-G35 Luguru hills Tanzania (Morogoro) 5
99-AUS-oja "upland"-luguru-W. "upper" luguru-W. (Morogoro)
99-AUS-ojb "lowland"-luguru-W. "lower" luguru-W. (Morogoro)
99-AUS-ojc "upland"-luguru-E. "upper" luguru-E. (Morogoro)
99-AUS-ojd "lowland"-luguru-E. "lower" luguru-E. (Morogoro)
99-AUS-ok ki-kami -kami, bantu-G36 Tanzania 5
99-AUS-ol ci-vidunda -vidunda, ki-vidunda, ndunda, nkunda, bantu-G38 Tanzania 4
99-AUS-om ki-sagara* -sagara, ki-sagala-S., sagala-S., bantu-G39 Usagara country Tanzania (Dodoma; Iringa) 4
99-AUS-oma n-kwifiya -kwifiya, kwifa, kwiva Tanzania
99-AUS-omb kwenyi kwenye Tanzania
99-AUS-omc kondoa kondoe, solwe Tanzania
99-AUS-omd itumba Tanzania
99-AUS-ome ziraha Tanzania
99-AUS-on chi-kagulu -kagulu, kaguru, kiningo, sagara-N., bantu-G12 Tanzania (Dodoma; Morogoro)
99-AUS-oo chi-megi bantu-G12 Tanzania
99-AUS-op chi-gogo* bantu-G11 Tanzania (Dodoma; Singida) 6*
99-AUS-opa chi-tumba Tanzania
99-AUS-opb chi-nyaugogo Tanzania
99-AUS-opc chi-nyambwa Tanzania
99-AUS-p kiNgindo+ kiRuihi* ngindo+ ruihi, bantu-P10's Tanzania 5
99-AUS-pa ki-ndengereko -ndengereko, ngengereko, ndengeleko, bantu-P11 Tanzania 5
99-AUS-pb ki-ruihi -ruihi, rufiji, fiji, bantu-P12 Ruihi lower right-bank Tanzania (Coast) 5
99-AUS-pc ki-matumbi -matumbi, bantu-P13 Tanzania (Coast; Mtwara) 4
99-AUS-pd ki-chi -chi, ku-ci, ku-chi Tanzania
99-AUS-pe ki-ngindo -ngindo, njindo, bantu-P14 Tanzania (Mtwara; Morogoro) 5
99-AUS-q chiMakonde+ chiYao makonde+ yao, bantu-P20's Mozambique; Tanzania; Malawi 6
99-AUS-qa chi-mwera -mwera, ci-mwera, mwela, bantu-P22 Tanzania 5
99-AUS-qb macinga machinga Tanzania 4
99-AUS-qc chi-ndonde -ndonde, -ndomde, ki-mawanda, mawanda, bantu-P24 Tanzania 4
99-AUS-qd chi-makonde -makonde, chi-na-makonde, ci-makonde, shi-makonde, chi-ni-
makonde, konde, makonda, maconde, matambwe, bantu-P23
Tanzania; Mozambique 6
99-AUS-qda makonde-N. va-makonde-N. community Tanzania 5
99-AUS-qdb makonde-S. va-makonde-S. community Mozambique 5
99-AUS-qdc donde n-donde; va-donde community Mozambique

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUS-qdd mwalu va-mwalu community Mozambique
99-AUS-qde mwambe va-mwambe community Mozambique
99-AUS-qe chi-mabiha -mabiha, ci-mabiha, chi-maviha, maviha, mavia, mawia, ki-mawiha,
mawiha, bantu-P25
Mozambique; Tanzania 4
99-AUS-qf chi-yao -yao, ci-yao, ayo, djao, adsawa, adsoa, ayawa, ajawa, achawa, hiao,
hyao, haiao, jao, veiao, wajao, bantu-P21
Tanzania (Ruvuma); Mozambique
(Niassa); Malawi (Southern)
5
99-AUS-qfa chi-yao-N. Tanduru Tanzania (Ruvuma)
99-AUS-qfb chi-makale -makale Mozambique (Niassa)
99-AUS-qfc chi-massaninga -massaninga Mozambique (Niassa)
99-AUS-qfd chi-yao-S. Nyasa Chilwa lakes Malawi
99-AUS-r chiManda+
chiMatengo
manda+ matengo, bantu N10's Tanzania; adjacent Mozambique
5
99-AUS-ra chi-manda -manda, ki-manda, bantu-N11, part of ki-nyasa, nyasa-N. Malawi-NE.
lake
Tanzania 4
99-AUS-rb chi-mpoto -mpoto, ci-mpoto, ki-mpoto, bantu-N14, part of ki-nyasa, nyasa-N.
Malawi-NE. lake
Tanzania 4
99-AUS-rc chi-matengo -matengo, ki-matengo, bantu-N13 Tanzania; adjacent Mozambique 5
99-AUS-rd chi-ngoni-N. -ngoni 7, ki-ngoni, angoni, ki-sutu, -sutu, bantu-N12 linguistic
realignment from former position in [99] Ngoni
Tanzania; Mozambique 5
99-AUS-rda ngoni-songea Songea Tanzania (Ruvuma)
99-AUS-rdb ngoni-macuaida Macuaida Mozambique (Niassa)
99-AUS-rdc ngoni-mualo Mualo-M. valley Mozambique (Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-re kisi bantu-G67 Malawi-N. lake (enclave) Tanzania 4
99-AUS-rf ndendeule ndendeuli Tanzania 4
99-AUS-s chiPogolu pogolu Kilombero valley Tanzania (Morogoro) 5
99-AUS-sa chi-pogolu -pogolu, pogolo, pogoro, bantu-G51 Tanzania (Morogoro) 5
99-AUS-t Ndamba+ Mbunga* #prefixes to be established Kilombero valley Tanzania (Morogoro) 4
99-AUS-ta ndamba Tanzania (Morogoro) 4
99-AUS-tb mbunga bantu-P13 Tanzania (Morogoro) 4
99-AUS-tba mbunga-S.* perhaps to be reclassified with neighbouring [99] Chipogolu (Morogoro)
99-AUS-tbb mbunga-N.* (Morogoro)
99-AUS-u ekiHehe+ ekiBena* hehe+ bena, bantu-G60's Tanzania (Iringa; Mbeya; Ruvuma) 5
99-AUS-ua e-ki-hehe -hehe, bantu-G62 Tanzania (Iringa) 5
99-AUS-ub e-ki-bena -bena Tanzania (Iringa) 5
99-AUS-uba e-ki-bena-A. -bena-A., bantu-G63 Tanzania (Iringa) 5
99-AUS-ubb lu-pembe -pembe (Iringa)
99-AUS-ubc ma-sakati -sakati, namanga (Iringa)
99-AUS-ubd ma-situ -situ (Iringa)
99-AUS-ube ma-swamu -swamu (Iringa)
99-AUS-ubf sovi (Iringa)
99-AUS-ubg ma-tumbi* -tumbi (Iringa)
99-AUS-uc e-ki-pangwa -pangwa, bantu-G64 Tanzania (Iringa; Ruvuma) 5
99-AUS-ud e-shi-sangu -sangu, sango, rori, bantu-G61 Tanzania (Mbeya) 4
99-AUS-ue ki-wanji -wanji, ki-vwanji, vwanji, uwanji, bantu-G66 Tanzania (Mbeya; Iringa) 4
99-AUS-uf e-ki-kinga -kinga, ki-kinga, xingwa, bantu-G65 Malawi-NE. lake: Livingstone
mountains
Tanzania (Iringa) 4
99-AUS-v ikiNyakyusa+
ikiNgonde
nyakyusa+ ngonde, bantu-M31 Tanzania; Malawi 5
99-AUS-va i-ki-nyakyusa -nyakyusa, ki-nyakyusa, nyekyosa, nyakusa, nyikyusa, mombe
Nyasa-N. lake Rungwe massif
Tanzania (Mbeya) 5
99-AUS-vaa mwamba (Mbeya)
99-AUS-vab lungulu luguru-S. (Mbeya)
99-AUS-vac kaa-selya -selya, salya, seria (Mbeya) *
99-AUS-vad ngumba (Mbeya)
99-AUS-vae kukwe (Mbeya)
99-AUS-vaf penja (Mbeya)
99-AUS-vag sokelo* sokili, sokile, sochile (Mbeya)
99-AUS-vah ma-soko* -soko, saku (Mbeya)
99-AUS-vb i-chi-ndali -ndali Tanzania (Mbeya)
99-AUS-vc i-ki-ngonde kya-ngonde, konde, nkonde Malawi (Northern) 5
99-AUS-vd sukwa* Malawi

99-AUS-w chiTumbuka+
chiSenga
tumbuka+ senga Malawi; Zambia 6
99-AUS-wa chi-senga senga-N., bantu-N21d Zambia
99-AUS-wb yombe bantu-N21e Zambia; also Malawi
99-AUS-wc chi-tumbuka+ chi-
kamanga
-tumbuka, ci-tumbuka, tambuka, timbuka, tumboka, tombuca, tew Malawi (Northern); Zambia
(Eastern)
6*
99-AUS-wca chi-tumbuka bantu-N21a Malawi; Zambia
99-AUS-wcb fungwe bantu-N21f Malawi; Zambia
99-AUS-wcc hewe hewa Malawi; Zambia
99-AUS-wcd chi-kamanga -kamanga, ci-kamanga, kamanga, bantu-N21c Malawi; Zambia
99-AUS-wce henga-N. Malawi
99-AUS-wcf henga-S. Malawi
99-AUS-wcg kandawire kandawile Malawi
99-AUS-wch wenya nenya, bantu-N21g Malawi
99-AUS-wci chi-phoka -phoka, ci-poka, poka, bantu-N21b Malawi
99-AUS-wcj nthali Malawi
99-AUS-wck fulilwa fulirwa Malawi
99-AUS-wcl sisya siska Malawi
99-AUS-wd chi-tonga-E. -tonga-E., bantu-N15 Malawi (Northern); Zambia
(Eastern)
99-AUS-x chiNyanja+ chiSena nyanja+ sena, bantu-N30's+ N40's Malawi; Zambia; Mozambique;
also Zimbabwe
6
99-AUS-xa chi-nyanja+
chi-chewa
including nyanja, ci-nyanja, maravi cewa, chewa, cheva, sheva, ci-
cewa
Malawi; Zambia; Mozambique 6
99-AUS-xaa chi-nyanja-F. "standard" nyanja, "zambian" nyanja-cewa Zambia
99-AUS-xab chi-nyanja-U. "town" nyanja, lusaka-nyanja Lusaka Zambia
99-AUS-xac chi-chewa-F. "standard" chewa, "malawian" nyanja+ chewa Malawi
99-AUS-xad chi-chewa-W. -chewa-W., nyanja+ chewa-W., bantu-N31b Malawi; Zambia; Mozambique
99-AUS-xae chi-nyanja-S. -nyanja-S., nyanja+ chewa-S., bantu-N31a Malawi; Mozambique
99-AUS-xaf chi-nyasa -nyasa-S., nyanja+ chewa-E. Malawi; Mozambique; Tanzania
99-AUS-xag chi-kunda-N. -kunda 3 +transition towards [99] Bemba Zambia
99-AUS-xb chi-peta -peta Malawi
99-AUS-xc chi-ngoni-S. -ngoni 6 +linguistic realignment (shift) from former position within [99]
Ngoni
Tanzania; Malawi
99-AUS-xd chi-manganja -manganja, mananja, mang'anja, wa-ganga, bantu-N31c Malawi; Mozambique
99-AUS-xe chi-kunda-S. kunda 4, ci-kunda, chi-kunda, bantu-N42 #from [99] Nyanja m-
cikunda= soldier
Zambia; Mozambique; Zimbabwe 5
99-AUS-xea chi-kunda-luangwa Luangwa valley Zambia
99-AUS-xeb chi-kunda-zambezi Zambezi valley Zambia; Mozambique; Zimbabwe
99-AUS-xf chi-nsenga -nsenga, senga-S., bantu-N41 Zambia; Mozambique; Zimbabwe 5
99-AUS-xfa nsenga-petauke -petauke Zambia; also Zimbabwe
99-AUS-xfb nsenga-mpezeni ngoni 5 linguistic realignment from former position within [99] Ngoni Zambia
99-AUS-xfc nsenga-zambezi Zambezi valley Mozambique
99-AUS-xg pimbi Mozambique
99-AUS-xh chi-nyungwe -nyungwe, teta, tete, nyungwi, nyongwe, yungwe, nhungue, shi-
nhungue, bantu-N43 Zambezi valley
Mozambique 5
99-AUS-xi chi-sena bantu-N44 +transition to [99] Shona Zambezi lower valley: Sena Mozambique; also Malawi;
Zimbabwe
6
99-AUS-xia chi-sena-C. Sena Mozambique
99-AUS-xib sare care, chi-sena-N., sena-sare, sena-chare Mozambique
99-AUS-xic bangwe chi-sena-S., sena-bangwe Mozambique
99-AUS-xj chi-rue -rue, ci-rue, ba-rwe, ba-rgwe, 'barwe' tonga, bantu-N45 Mozambique; Zimbabwe; Malawi
99-AUS-xk gombe Mozambique
99-AUS-xl sangwe Mozambique
99-AUS-xm chi-podzo -podzo, ci-podzo, puthsu, shi-puthsu, bantu-N46 Zambezi lower left-
bank: Marromeu Chinda
Mozambique
99-AUS-xn mazaro* Mozambique
99-AUS-xo hwesa Zimbabwe
99-AUS-y chiChwabo+ eMeeto Makhua, chwabo+ meeto, e-makhua, i-makhua, makua, makoa,
makoane, makwa, maquoua, ki-makua, macua
Mozambique; Malawi; Tanzania 6
99-AUS-ya e-meeto -meeto, e-meetto, meto, medo, mato, "interior" makua-N., ameto Mozambique (Cabo Delgado);
Tanzania
99-AUS-yb i-ngulu -ngulu-S., nguru-S., makhua-W., makhua-niassa, e-mihavani,
mihavane, mihawani, bantu-P33
Mozambique (Niassa); Malawi

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUS-yc e-mwuikari* -mwuikari, mwikari, maca, e-maka, "coastal" makhua-N. Mozambique (Cabo Delgado) 5
99-AUS-yca e-khinga -khinga (Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-ycb e-tthwari -tthwari (Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-ycc e-nahara -nahara, maharra (Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-ycd nampamela (Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-yce mulai (Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-ycf e-marevoni -marevoni, marrevone (Cabo Delgado)
99-AUS-yd i-makhuani -makhuani, e-makhuwani, e-makhuana, makhuwa-makhuwana,
makoane, makuana, makhua-C., bantu-P31 Nampula
Mozambique (Nampula)
99-AUS-ye e-sakaji* -sakaji, sangaji, sangage, e-shaaka, -shaaka, e-saka, saka, theithei
Sangange peninsula Namaponda Mogincual
Mozambique 4
99-AUS-yf e-koti -koti, coti, angoche, angoxe Angoche coast & islands Mozambique 4
99-AUS-yg i-lomwe -lomwe, e-lomwe, a-lomwe, ci-lowe, chi-lowe, lowe, lomue, lolo,
makua-W., mihavane, mihavani, mihawani, bantu-P32; wa-lomwe
community
Mozambique (Zambzia); Malawi 6
99-AUS-yh chi-chwabo -chwabo, e-cuabo, e-chuabo, e-chuwabo, ci-cuabo, chuabo, chwampo,
cuambo, chuambo, xuabo, lolo 2, lomwe-S., bantu-P34 Quelimane
coast Mulanje mountains
Mozambique (Zambzia); adjacent
Malawi
5
99-AUS-yha cuabo-C. chwabo-C. (Zambzia)
99-AUS-yhb atakwani (Zambzia)
99-AUS-yhc kokola (Zambzia)
99-AUS-yhd e-karumgu karungu, eckarumgu (Zambzia)
99-AUS-yi e-shirima -shirima Mozambique
99-AUS-yj i-mithupi -mithupi Mozambique
99-AUS-yk i-korovere -korovere Mozambique
99-AUT ISIZULU+
CHIZEZURU net
BANTU-INNER-SOUTH, zulu+ zezuru, bantu-S10's/S60's +transition
to [99] Kiswahili+ Ikiruundi (Bantu-Inner-East)
99-AUT-a chiZezuru+
chiKaranga
Shona, zezuru+ karanga, bantu-S10's Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Zambia
6
99-AUT-aa chi-shona-F. -shona, "union" shona, "standard" shona, 'swina' compromise written
standard, based primarily on Zezuru (representing northern Shona)
and Karanga (representing southern Shona)
Zimbabwe
99-AUT-ab chi-korekore -korekore, ci-korekore, shona-N., bantu-S11 Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Zambia 5
99-AUT-aba chi-korekore-W. korekore-urungwe Zimbabwe
99-AUT-abb chi-korekore-E. korekore-chipuriro, korekore-sipolilo Sipolilo Zimbabwe
99-AUT-abc tande korekore-tande Zimbabwe
99-AUT-abd tavara tabara Mozambique; also Zimbabwe
99-AUT-abe nyon-gwe nyonbwe, korekore-nyombwe Zimbabwe
99-AUT-abf pfun-gwe pfunde Zimbabwe
99-AUT-abg shan-gwe-N. Omay Zimbabwe
99-AUT-abh shan-gwe-S. Gokwe Zimbabwe
99-AUT-abi budya Zimbabwe
99-AUT-abj gova-N. goba-NW. Zambia
99-AUT-abk gova-S. goba-SW. Zambia
99-AUT-ac chi-zezuru -zezuru, ci-zezuru, shona-C., ma-zizuru, zizuru, zuzura, bantu-S12; ba-
zezuru, ba-zuzura, va-zezuru, wa-zezuru community
Zimbabwe 5
99-AUT-aca shawasha Zimbabwe
99-AUT-acb harava Zimbabwe
99-AUT-acc nohwe Zimbabwe
99-AUT-acd gova-NE. Zimbabwe
99-AUT-ace hera Zimbabwe
99-AUT-acf njanja Zimbabwe
99-AUT-acg mbire Zimbabwe
99-AUT-ach nobvu Zimbabwe
99-AUT-aci kwa-chikwakwa chikwakwa Zimbabwe
99-AUT-acj kwa-zwimba zwimba Zimbabwe
99-AUT-ack tsunga Zimbabwe
99-AUT-ad chi-manyika-N.* -manyika-N., ci-manyika-N., shona-NE., nyanga, i-nyanga, bantu-S12
+transition to [99] Nyanja+ Sena
Zimbabwe (Manicaland);
Mozambique (Manica e Sofala)
99-AUT-ada i-nyanga -nyanga-A. Inyanga (Manicaland)
99-AUT-adb u-nyama -nyama (Manicaland)
99-AUT-adc nyatwe Sanyatwe* (Manicaland)
99-AUT-add nyamuka Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-ade bunji Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique

99-AUT-adf nyatoro Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-adg karombe Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-adh nyika Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-adi ingwe Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-adj tokwana Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-adk domba Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-ae chi-manyika-C. -manyika-C., ci-manyika-C., shona-E., bantu-S12 Zimbabwe (Manicaland;
Mozambique (Manica e Sofala)
5
99-AUT-aea guta Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-aeb jindwi Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-aec bvumba Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-aed boca bocha, boka Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-aee here Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-aef hungwe Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-aeg teve tebe; wa-teve, va-teve community +transition to [99] Ndau Zimbabwe and/or Mozambique
99-AUT-af chi-karanga -karanga, ci-karanga, shona-S., bantu-S14, including chi-rozwi, rozwi;
including toko hwesa rozwi, rozvi, ruzwi communities
Zimbabwe 5
99-AUT-afa duma-W. part of karanga-W. Zimbabwe
99-AUT-afb jena part of karanga-W. Zimbabwe
99-AUT-afc govera gobera, part of karanga-W. Zimbabwe
99-AUT-afd ngova gova-SE., part of karanga-W. Zimbabwe
99-AUT-afe mhari mari, part of karanga-E. Zimbabwe
99-AUT-aff nyubi part of karanga-E. Zimbabwe
99-AUT-ag chi-ndau -ndau, ci-ndau, njao, ndzawu, sofala, shona-SE., bantu-S15 Mozambique; Zimbabwe 5
99-AUT-aga chi-ndau-A. -ndau-A. Mozambique (Sofala; Manica);
Zimbabwe
99-AUT-agb tonga-SE. duma-E.; a-ba-tonga, a-tonga, ba-toka, ba-tonga, wa-tonga community Zimbabwe
99-AUT-agc garwe Zimbabwe
99-AUT-agd chi-ndanda -ndanda, danda, dondo; va-danda, wa-dondo community Mozambique
99-AUT-age buzi Mozambique
99-AUT-ah chi-shanga -shanga, changa, xanga, ci-shanga, chi-changa, ci-changa, chi-xanga,
mashanga, ci-mashanga, senji, chi-senji, "coastal" shona, "coastal"
ndau
Mozambique
99-AUT-ai chi-kalanga kalanga, ci-kalanga, kanana, kalana, se-kalaa, ma-kalaka, kalaka,
part of shona-W.; wa-kalanga community
Zimbabwe 5
99-AUT-aj chi-nambya -nambya, ci-nambya, nyai, in [99] Ndebele: nanzva; a-ba-nyai, ba-nyai,
wa-nyai community, part of shona-W.
Zimbabwe; Botswana 4
99-AUT-aja chi-nambya-W. nambya-wankie Wankie Zimbabwe
99-AUT-ajb chi-nambya-E. nambya-gwaai Gwaai valley Zimbabwe
99-AUT-ajc chi-nambzya nambya-ngami Botswana
99-AUT-ak chi-lilima -lilima, ci-lilima, part of shona-W. Zimbabwe; Botswana; South Africa
99-AUT-aka humbe Zimbabwe; Botswana
99-AUT-akb talaunda talahundra Zimbabwe
99-AUT-akc peri Botswana
99-AUT-akd chi-rozvi rozwi +submerged by [99] Karanga Zimbabwe 0
99-AUT-ake twamamba Zimbabwe; South Africa 0*
99-AUT-akf lemba South Africa
99-AUT-b chiVenda venda, bantu-S21 South Africa; Zimbabwe 5
99-AUT-ba chi-venda -venda, ci-venda, ce-venda, tshi-venda, ts-venda, tsi-vend, vend,
phenda, penda, bantu-S21
South Africa (North Transvaal);
Zimbabwe
5
99-AUT-baa chi-venda-F. "standard" venda, "literary" venda South Africa; Zimbabwe
99-AUT-bab chi-venda-C. "central" venda (North Transvaal) 5
99-AUT-bac phani (North Transvaal)
99-AUT-bad tavhatsindi (North Transvaal)
99-AUT-c shiChopi+ giTonga chopi+ tonga, bantu-S60's Mozambique 5
99-AUT-ca gi-tonga -tonga-S., shengwe, tonga-inhambane, bi-tonga, khambani
Inhambane, bantu-S62 Morrumbane Inhambane coast
Mozambique (Inhambane) 5
99-AUT-caa gi-tonga-gy-khogani khogani (Inhambane)
99-AUT-cab ci-nyambe nyambe (Inhambane)
99-AUT-cac gi-sewi sewi (Inhambane)
99-AUT-cb ki-lenge -lenge, lengue Mozambique (Inhambane)

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUT-cc shi-chopi -chopi, -copi, ci-copi, xope, tschopi, bantu-S61, in [51] Portuguese:
txopi, txi-txopi Inharrime Quissico Chidunguela coast including
over 50 dialects
Mozambique (Inhambane; Gaza) 5
99-AUT-cca shi-chopi-A. -chopi "proper" Mozambique (Inhambane; Gaza)
99-AUT-ccb lambwi lambwe Mozambique
99-AUT-ccc n-donge Mozambique
99-AUT-ccd khambani Mozambique
99-AUT-d shiTswa+ shiRonga tswa+ ronga, "wider" shi-tsonga, bantu-S50's Mozambique; Zimbabwe; South
Africa
6
99-AUT-da shi-tswa -tswa, shi-tshwa, tshwa, ki-tswa, shee-tswa, xi-tswa, dzonga+ dzibi,
bantu-S51b
Mozambique (Inhambane)
99-AUT-daa shi-tswa-A. -tswa-A. (Inhambane)
99-AUT-dab shi-dzibi -dzibi, dzivi, xi-dzivi (Inhambane)
99-AUT-dac dzonga n-dshonge, n-dxhonge, dshonge (Inhambane)
99-AUT-dad mandla (Inhambane)
99-AUT-dae nhayi (Inhambane)
99-AUT-db shi-hlengwe -hlengwe, lengwe, makwakwe+ khambana, bantu-S51a Mozambique (Inhambane)
99-AUT-dba makwakwe (Inhambane)
99-AUT-dbb khambana khambani (Inhambane)
99-AUT-dc shi-shangana -shangana, changana, changa, shi-tsonga "proper", -tsonga, xi-tsonga,
thonga, tonga 4, bantu-S53, in [51] Portuguese: xi-changana, shi-
changana, changa
Mozambique (Inhambane;
Maputo); South Africa (North
Transvaal; East Transvaal);
Swaziland
6
99-AUT-dca vila bila Mozambique*
99-AUT-dcb jonga-S. djonga, dzonga Mozambique*
99-AUT-dcc shi-hlanganu -hlanganu, shi-langanu, langanu, hanganu, n-hlanganu (Inhambane; Maputo)
99-AUT-dcd shi-shangana-A. -shangana-A., shangaan (North Transvaal; East Transvaal);
Swaziland
99-AUT-dce ma-luleke -luleke South Africa (North Transvaal)
99-AUT-dcf gwamba gwapa South Africa (North Transvaal)
99-AUT-dcg shi-ngwalungu -ngwalungu, nwalungu, shi-gwalangu South Africa (North Transvaal)
99-AUT-dd shi-ronga -ronga, xi-ronga, gi-ronga, shi-rongo Mozambique (Maputo); South
Africa (Kwazulu-Natal)
5
99-AUT-dda shi-ronga-A. -ronga-A. Mozambique (Maputo)
99-AUT-ddb xonga South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal)
99-AUT-ddc songa-S. South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal)
99-AUT-ddd konde-S. South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal)
99-AUT-dde putru South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal)*
99-AUT-e seSotho+ seTswana sotho+ tswana South Africa; Lesotho; Botswana;
Zimbabwe; also Namibia
7
99-AUT-ea khe-lobedu -lobedu, lovedu, lubedu, sotho-NE. South Africa (North Transvaal);
also Zimbabwe; Botswana
99-AUT-eaa birwa* (North Transvaal); Zimbabwe;
Botswana
99-AUT-eab tlokwa-SE. tlokoa, tokwa, dogwa (North Transvaal)
99-AUT-eac khe-lobedu-A. -lobedu "proper" (North Transvaal)
99-AUT-ead kgaga kxaxa, khaga, part of kgaga+ tswene (North Transvaal)
99-AUT-eae kone+ tswene* koni+ tsweni, tswene+ kone, tsweni+ koni, kwena, part of kgaga+
tswene; including ba-kwena ba-fokeng ba-kubung communities
(North Transvaal)
99-AUT-eaf mambolo (North Transvaal)
99-AUT-eag the-phalaborwa -phalaborwa, phalaburwa, palaburwa, nari +submerged by [99] thi-
Pulana
(East Transvaal) 0*
99-AUT-eb thi-pulana -pulana, part of sotho-E. (East Transvaal)
99-AUT-ec khutswe khutswi, kutswe, part of sotho-E. (East Transvaal)
99-AUT-ed se-pedi -pedi, sotho-N., bantu-S32 South Africa (North Transvaal;
East Transvaal; Gauteng); also
Zimbabwe
6
99-AUT-eda se-pedi-F. "standard" sotho-N., transvaal-sotho, bantu-S32b South Africa (North Transvaal;
East Transvaal; Gauteng); also
Zimbabwe
99-AUT-edb se-pedi-U. "urban" pedi Witwatersrand (Gauteng)
99-AUT-edc hananwa gananwa, xananwa South Africa
99-AUT-edd moletshi matlala-moletshi South Africa
99-AUT-ede masemula masemola, tau South Africa
99-AUT-edf thabine part of dzwabo South Africa
99-AUT-edg roka part of dzwabo South Africa
99-AUT-edh nareng part of dzwabo South Africa
99-AUT-edi kopa South Africa

99-AUT-ee se-sotho sotho-S., sotho "proper", sutho, suto, souto, suthu, si-sutho, se-suto,
bantu-S32
Lesotho; South Africa (Orange
Free State and adjacent provinces)
6
99-AUT-eea se-sotho-F. standard" sotho-S., 'literary" sotho-S.
99-AUT-eeb se-sotho-U. "urban" sotho-S. Witwatersrand (Gauteng)
99-AUT-eec se-sotho-G. "generalised" sotho-S. Lesotho; (Orange Free State) 6
99-AUT-eed taung-NE. Lesotho
99-AUT-eee taung-SW. Lesotho; (Orange Free State)
99-AUT-ef si-lozi -lozi, rozi, tozvi, rotse, rutse, kololo +formerly part of [99] Sotho-S.,
with subsequent convergence towards [99] e-si-Luyana
Zambia; also Botswana
99-AUT-eg se-tswana -tswana, chuana, cuana, se-chuana, bantu-S31 South Africa (North Cape; North-
West and adjacent provinces);
Botswana; also Zimbabwe;
Namibia
6
99-AUT-ega se-tswana-F. "standard" tswana South Africa; Botswana 6*
99-AUT-egb se-tswana-U. "urban" tswana Witwatersrand (Gauteng)
99-AUT-egc tawana Botswana, also Zimbabwe
99-AUT-egd si-ngwato -ngwato, nwato, ngwatu, ma-ngwato Botswana; also Zimbabwe
99-AUT-ege kwena koena Botswana
99-AUT-egf ngwaketse ngwaketsi Botswana; also South Africa
99-AUT-egg hurutshe kurutsi Botswana; also South Africa
99-AUT-egh tlokwa-NW. tokwa, tlokoa Botswana
99-AUT-egi me-lete -lete; ba-ga-ma-lete community Botswana
99-AUT-egj kgatla kxhatla, khatla Botswana; South Africa
99-AUT-egk thlaping tlapi, tlhaping South Africa (North-West)
99-AUT-egl thlware thlaro, thlaru, tlharo South Africa (North Cape; North-
West); also Botswana
99-AUT-egm se-rolong-N. -rolong-N., si-rolong-N., tshidi Molopo valley: Tshidilamolomo South Africa (North-West);
Botswana
99-AUT-egn se-rolong-S. -rolong-S., si-rolong-S., seleka (Orange Free State)
99-AUT-eh kxalaxari kxalaxadi, kalahari, kgalagadi, kxhalaxadi Botswana
99-AUT-eha ngologa Botswana
99-AUT-ehb koma Botswana
99-AUT-ehc kuwe Botswana
99-AUT-f isiZulu+ isiXhosa Ngoni, zulu+ xhosa South Africa; Swaziland; Lesotho;
Zimbabwe; Tanzania
7
99-AUT-fa i-si-xhosa -xhosa, xosa, koosa, bantu-S41 South Africa (East Cape; Lesotho;
Gauteng )
6
99-AUT-faa i-si-xhosa-F. "standard" xhosa Xhosa-C. model South Africa
99-AUT-fab i-si-xhosa-U. "urban" xhosa Witwatersrand (Gauteng)
99-AUT-fac i-si-gcaleka gcaleka, part of xhosa-C. South Africa
99-AUT-fad i-si-ndlambe -ndlambe, part of xhosa-C. South Africa
99-AUT-fae i-si-ngaika -ngaika, ng!ika, gaika, ncqika, part of xhosa-C. South Africa
99-AUT-faf thembu South Africa
99-AUT-fag bomvana South Africa
99-AUT-fah mpondomse mpondomise, mpondomisi South Africa
99-AUT-fai mpondo pondo South Africa
99-AUT-faj i-si-xesibe South Africa
99-AUT-fb i-si-hlubi lubi, part of tekeza, tekela Tsatsana highlands Lesotho-S.; (East Cape) trans-
frontier
99-AUT-fc phuthi puthi, part of tekeza, tekela +transition to [99] Sotho+ Tswana
Orange upper valley
Lesotho-S.; (East Cape) trans-
frontier
99-AUT-fd i-si-bhaca baca, part of tekeza, tekela South Africa (East Transvaal)
99-AUT-fe i-si-swati -swati, si-swati, i-si-swazi, swazi, bantu-S4; part of tekeza, tekela Swaziland; South Africa (East
Transvaal; Kwazulu-Natal;
Gauteng)
6
99-AUT-fea i-si-swati-F. "standard" swati Swaziland; South Africa
99-AUT-feb i-si-swati-G. "modern generalised" swati Swaziland
99-AUT-fec i-si-swati-A. "traditional" swati including localised dialects Swaziland
99-AUT-ff pai mbai, mbayi +transition to [99] Sotho+ Tswana Drakensberg-S.
highlands
South Africa (East Transvaal)
99-AUT-fg i-si-zulu South Africa 6
99-AUT-fga i-si-zulu-F. "standard" zulu, "literary" zulu South Africa
99-AUT-fgb i-si-zulu-U. "urban" zulu Witwatersrand (Gauteng)
99-AUT-fgc i-si-zulu-C. "central" zulu (Kwazulu-Natal; East Transvaal;
Gauteng)
99-AUT-fgd lala South Africa
99-AUT-fge qabe South Africa

1999 / 2000 edition
99-AUT-fh fanakolo fanekolo, fanagalo, fanagolo, i-si-lololo, lololo, ci-lapalapa, chi-
raparapa, i-si-kuula, i-si-piki, piki, nguni-"pidgin", 'kitchen kaffir', 'mine
kaffir', 'basic bantu', 'zulu-boi'
South Africa; Namibia; Zimbabwe;
Zambia
99-AUT-fi i-si-ndebele-S. -ndebele-S., inde'bele-S., udebele, transvaal-ndebele-S., part of ngoni-
"diaspora", ndebele+ ngoni Middelburg
South Africa (East Transvaal)
99-AUT-fia ndzundza maprs, mapoggers, mapogga, mapokka +convergent towards [99]
Sotho+ Tswana
South Africa
99-AUT-fib manala South Africa (East Transvaal)
99-AUT-fj i-si-nrebele -nrebele, ndebele 3, transvaal-ndebele-N., ndebele-potgietersrus
Potgietersrus
South Africa (North Transvaal)
99-AUT-fk i-si-ndebele-N. -ndebele-N., inde'bele-N., tabeele, tabele, zimbabwe ndebele, former
"rhodesian" ndebele, ngoni-zimbabwe, bantu-S44, part of ngoni
"diaspora", ndebele+ ngoni; matabele community Matabeleland
country
Zimbabwe 5
99-AUT-fka ngoni-malawi "mpehlembu's ngoni", malawi ngoni, bantu-S42b submerged by [99]
ci-Tumbuka
Malawi 0
99-AUT-fkb ngoni-mozambique-NW. submerged by [99] ci-Ngoni-N. Mozambique
99-AUT-fkc ngoni-mozambique-NE. angoni submerged by [99] ci-Ngoni-N. Mozambique
99-AUT-fkd ngoni-tanzania ki-sutu 2 submerged by [99] ci-Ngoni-N. Tanzania

LGS Vol2 Transafrican Phylo

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LGS Vol2 Transafrican Phylo

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

LGS Vol2 Transafrican Phylo

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What are the different zones covered in the Transafrican phylosector?

What languages are covered in the Atlantic phylozone?

page 622 The Linguasphere Register

1999 / 2000 edition

You might also like