LGS Vol2 South America Geo

8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory page 569

8=SOUTH-AMERICA geosector
This geosector covers 121 sets of languages (= 415 outer languages, comprising 964 inner languages) spoken or
formerly spoken by traditional "Amerindian" communities across South America and southern Meso-America (since
before the arrival of speakers of Indo-European languages, principally [51] Espaol and Portugus, but also [51]
Franais and [52] English and Nederlands).
13 sets are treated within three phylozones, 80=, 82= and 88=, while the remaining 110 sets are classified
geographically within seven geozones. Geozone 81= covers languages spoken by communities in southern Meso-
America and parts of northern South America, and the geozones 83=, 84= and 85=, in geographic sequence, cover
languages spoken by communities in the Andean regions, southward as far as Tierra del Fuego. Geozones 86=, 87=
and 89= cover languages spoken by communities in the Mato Grosso, in the Amazon Basin and in northeastern
Brazil.
80= CARIBIC phylozone 81= INTER-OCEAN geozone 82= ARAWAKIC phylozone
83= PRE-ANDES geozone 84= ANDES geozone 85= CHACO-CONE geozone
86= MATO-GROSSO geozone 87= AMAZON geozone 88= TUPIC phylozone
89= BAHIA geozone
In spelling the reference-names of languages spoken in areas where [51] Espaol is in general use, the usages of the
letters /c/ or /qu/ are normally preferred to use of the letter /k/, and the usage of /ch/ to the use of /sh/. In areas where
[51] Portugus is in general use, the usage of the letter /x/ is preferred to use of /sh/.
Before consulting the following tables, please see Guide to the Register in Volume One
Additional or improved data on languages and communities covered by this sector will be welcomed
by e-mail at: [email protected], or by letter-post at: LINGUASPHERE PRESS, HEBRON SA34 0XT, WALES (UK).
COLUMN 1 & 2
layers of reference
codes and reference-names
COLUMN 3
other nomenclature and notes
COLUMNS 4 & 5
nation-states scale of
(+ provinces) and speakers
80= CARIBIC
phylozone
covers the "wider Carib", "Cariban" or Yucpa+ Bakairi set;
comprising 1 set of languages (= 37 outer languages) spoken
by widely scattered communities in northern South America,
and formerly on islands of the Caribbean:
80-A YUCPA+ BAKAIRI
Brazil; Colombia; French Guiana;
Guyana; Surinam; Venezuela;
formerly also on Caribbean islands
(most recently, Trinidad & Tobago)
4
80-A YUCPA+ BAKAIRI
set
CARIBAN, "wider" carib comprising widely scattered languages,
classified within 11 chains +largely submerged by [51] Espaol, [51]
Portugus or [52] English
80-AA YUCPA+ YAPRERIA
chain
yukpa
80-AAA YUCPA+ YAPRERIA
net
80-AAA-a Yucpa yuko, yukpa, yupa, shaparu, chake, "carib" motiln, motiln-N.
#motiln, motiln in [51] Espaol = hairless Sierra de Perij
mountains
Colombia (Magdalena; Guajira);
also Venezuela (Zulia)
3
80-AAA-aa 'csar' Csar upper valley Colombia.
80-AAA-ab codazzi codozzi Augustn Codazzi Colombia.
80-AAA-ac maracas Colombia.
80-AAA-ad iroka Colombia.
80-AAA-b Yaprera northern Sierra de Perij mountains Venezuela (Zulia) 1
80-AAA-ba yaprera japrera, manso* (Zulia) 1
80-AAA-c Coyaima* extinct for several generations Colombia (Tolima) 0
80-AAA-ca coyaima (Tolima) 0
page 570 The Linguasphere Register

1999 / 2000 edition
80-AB OPN+ CARARE
chain
karare
80-ABA OPN+ CARARE net
80-ABA-a Opn+ Carare Magdalena tributaries Colombia (Santander) 0
80-ABA-aa opn opone Opone river (Santander)
80-ABA-ab carare Carare river (Santander) 0
80-AC CARINYA chain GALIBI, carib "proper"
80-ACA CARINYA net
80-ACA-a Carinya karinya, kari'nya, kalinya, karia, carina, caria, galib, carib, caribe,
kribisi, caraiben, caribice, caribisce, caribisi, cariniaco geographically
fragmented
Venezuela; Guyana; Surinam;
French Guiana; Brazil (Amap)
4
80-ACA-aa carinya-W. murato, myrato, marato, maraworno, marworno Orinoco lower valley:
Ciudad Bolvar environs (formerly) Sucre mountains Nuria plateau
Barima valley Barama valley
Venezuela (Sucre; Monagas;
Anzotegui; Bolvar); Guyana
(Essequibo)
4
80-ACA-aaa chayma chaima, sayma, warapiche, guaga-tagare Venezuela
80-ACA-aab tabajari Venezuela
80-ACA-aac abarima+ barama (Essequibo)
80-ACA-ab carib-C. +submerged by [52] Sranan Coppename lower valley Surinam (Saramacca) 3
80-ACA-ac carib-E. tyrewuju Surinam (Marowijne); French
Guiana (St.Laurent du Maroni;
Cayenne); Brazil (Amap)
3
80-ACA-aca maroni-N. "lower" maroni Marowijne, Maroni lower valley (Marowijne; St.Laurent du Maroni)
80-ACA-acb maroni-S. "upper" maroni Marowijne, Maroni upper valley (Marowijne; St.Laurent du Maroni)
80-ACA-acc approuague Approuague valley (Cayenne)
80-ACA-acd oyapuck Oyapuck, Oiapoque valley (Cayenne; Amap)
80-ACA-ace uac in [51] Portugus: galib do Uac Uac valley (Amap)
80-AD E'NYAPA chain PANARE
80-ADA E'NYAPA net
80-ADA-a E'nyapa Cuchivero river Venezuela (Bolvar) 3
80-ADA-aa e'nyapa panare, panari, eye, abira (Bolvar) 3
80-AE MAPOYO+ WAYNA
chain
mapoyo+ makiritari
80-AEA MAPOYO+
YABARANA net
"middle" orinoco spoken by decimated and dispersed riverine groups
80-AEA-a Mapoyo+ Wanai nearly extinct in 1970's Apure river Venezuela (Amazonas) 1
80-AEA-aa mapoyo mapayo, mapoye, mapoi, nepoye (Amazonas)
80-AEA-ab wanai (Amazonas)
80-AEA-b Yabarana+ Wokiare Manapire river Venezuela (Amazonas) 1
80-AEA-ba yabarana yavarana, yauarana (Amazonas)
80-AEA-bb curasicana (Amazonas)
80-AEA-bc wokiare uaiquiare, guayqueri (Amazonas)
80-AEB MAQUIRITARI+
WAYUMAR net
80-AEB-a Maquiritari makiritari, maquiritare, maquiritai, makiritare, ye'cuana Orinoco
tributaries: Paragua middle river Padamo river
Venezuela (Bolvar; Amazonas);
also Brazil (Roraima)
3
80-AEB-aa maquiritari-A. maquiritari "proper" Venezuela
80-AEB-ab ye'cuana yekuana, maiongong, mayongong Venezuela
80-AEB-ac de'cuana wainungomo Venezuela
80-AEB-ad cunuana Venezuela
80-AEB-ae pawana Venezuela
80-AEB-af soto Venezuela
80-AEB-ag ihuruana Venezuela
80-AEB-ah maitsi Venezuela
80-AEB-b Wayumar Brazil (Roraima) 0*
80-AEB-ba wayumar wajumar, uaimare, guimara (Roraima) 0*
80-AEC TIVERICOTO+ YAO
net

80-AEC-a Tivericoto Venezuela (Monagas) 0
80-AEC-aa tivericoto tiverikoto extinct (Monagas) 0
80-AEC-b Yao Trinidad & Tobago; French Guiana 0
80-AEC-ba yao extinct Trinidad & Tobago; French Guiana 0
80-AED WAYNA+
URUCENA net
GUAYANA
80-AED-a Wayna+ Urucena wayana Maroni river Tapanahoni upper river across
Tumucumaque highlands Paru+ Jari upper rivers
Surinam (Marowijne); French
Guiana (St.Laurent du Maroni);
Brazil (Par; Amap)
3
80-AED-aa wayna oayana, wajana, wayana "proper", guayana "proper", uaiana, oiana,
oyana
(Marowijne); (St.Laurent du
Maroni); (Par; Amap)

80-AED-ab rucuyen roucouyene, roucouyenne (Marowijne)
80-AED-ac urucena urucuiana, urukuyana, alukuyana (Marowijne)
80-AED-ad upurui (Marowijne)
80-AF YAWAPER+
MAKUX chain
80-AFA MAKUX+ ARECUNA
net
80-AFA-a Makux Pacaraima highlands Venezuela (Bolvar); Brazil
(Roraima); Guyana (Essequibo)
3
80-AFA-aa makux makushi, macusi, macussi, teweya, teueia (Bolvar); (Roraima); (Essequibo)
80-AFA-b Arecuna+ Taulipang Pemn, pemong Gran Sabana Venezuela (Bolivr); Brazil
(Roraima); Guyana (Essequibo)
3
80-AFA-ba are-cuna ari-cuna, are-kuna, jari-cuna, pemong "proper" (Bolivr); (Essequibo) 3
80-AFA-bb taulipang taurepan, taurep (Roraima) 2
80-AFA-bc camara-coto camara-cota, kamaraga-kok (Bolivr)
80-AFA-bd dai-gok (Bolivr)
80-AFA-be potsawu-gok pishau-co (Bolivr)
80-AFA-c Acawayo+
Patamona
Capn, kapong Guyana (Essequibo); also
Venezuela (Bolivr); Brazil
(Roraima)
3*
80-AFA-ca acawayo akawaio, acewaio, akawai, acahuayo, waic (Essequibo); (Bolivr); (Roraima) 3
80-AFA-cb patamona in [80] Macushi: 'ingari-k', 'ingari-c', 'ingari-k', 'ingari-c' (=bush-
community)
(Essequibo) 3
80-AFA-cc erema-gok* (Essequibo)
80-AFA-d Purucoto Venezuela (Bolivr); Brazil
(Roraima)
0*
80-AFA-da puru-coto i-puri-coto, puri-coto, poro-coto, uru-coto (Bolivr); (Roraima) 0*
80-AFB SAPAR+
PAUXIANA net

80-AFB-a Sapar Brazil (Roraima) 0*
80-AFB-aa sapar (Roraima) 0*
80-AFB-b Pauxiana+
Paravilhana
Brazil (Roraima) 0*
80-AFB-ba pauxiana pawixiana, paushiana, pawishiana, pauchiana, pauchi, pauxi-W. (Roraima) 0*
80-AFB-bb paravilhana paravilyana +perhaps transitional to [80] Waiwai+ Hishkaryana (Roraima) 0
80-AFC YAWAPER+
BOANAR net
80-AFC-a Boanar Brazil (Amazonas) 0
80-AFC-aa boanar bonar (Amazonas) 0
80-AFC-b Yawaper+ Waimir Brazil (Amazonas; Roraima) 3*
80-AFC-ba atruah atroa, atroar, atrowari, atroahy Brazil
80-AFC-bb ki'nya Brazil
80-AFC-bc waimir uaimir, wahmir Brazil
80-AFC-bd yawaper yawaper "proper", yauaperi, yauapery, jauaper, jawaper Jauaper
river
Brazil
80-AFC-be crixana crishana Brazil
80-AFC-bf piriutite Brazil
80-AFC-bg tiquira Brazil
80-AG APALA chain
80-AGA APALA net
80-AGA-a Apala Brazil (Par) 2
80-AGA-aa apala aparai, apalay (Par) 2
80-AH TIRIY+ WAIWAI
chain
80-AHA TIRIY+ CARIHONA
net
80-AHA-a Carihona karijona, karihona, tsah Vaups valley Caqueta valley Colombia (Vaups; Caqueta;
Amazonas)
2
80-AHA-aa carihona-'vaups' Vaups upper valley (Vaups)
80-AHA-ab jian-coto hian-coto, omagua, hianacoto-umaua, umaua, umawa Vaups
middle valley
(Vaups)
80-AHA-ac yari* Yari valley: above El Capitn waterfalls (Caqueta)
80-AHA-ad carihona-'caqueta' carijona-caqueta Caqueta lower valley (Amazonas)

1999 / 2000 edition
80-AHA-b Tiriy+ Akuriyo Tapanahoni upper river Mapari river Surinam (Marowijne); Brazil (Par)
3
80-AHA-ba tiriy tiriy "proper", trio, tiri (Marowijne); (Par) 3
80-AHA-bb piano-cot* piana-kot, pau-cutu, paru-kutu, para-cutu, paru-koto #this name, in its
various forms, is associated also with other related idioms in the area
Essequibo upper river
(Marowijne); (Par)
80-AHA-bc akuriyo akoerio, akuri, akurijo, akurio, akuliyo, wama, wayari-curi, oyari-coulet,
tiriy-metesem, tiriy-metesen, trio-metesem, trio-metesen
Tapanahoni upper river
(Marowijne); (Par)
80-AHA-bd cumayena kumayena, ocomayana (Marowijne)
80-AHA-c Saluma Anamu upper valley Brazil (Par) 2
80-AHA-ca saluma (Par) 2
80-AHB WAIWAI+
CHIQUIANA net
languages spoken by decimated and dispersed riverine groups
80-AHB-a Chiquiana shikuyana, sikiana, sikina, shikiana, chikena, chiquena Brazil (Par; Amazonas); also
Venezuela (Bolvar)
1
80-AHB-aa sikiana Iricoum highlands: Cafuini river Turuna+ Itapi headwaters (Par) 1
80-AHB-ab chiquiana-N.* (Bolvar) 0
80-AHB-b Kaxuyana+
Warikyana
Imabu river Trombetes river Brazil (Par) 2
80-AHB-ba kaxuyana kaxuina, kax'yana, kaxyana, kashujana, kachuana (Par) 2
80-AHB-bb warikyana warikiana (Par) 2
80-AHB-bc pawiyana pawixi, pawishi, pauxi-E. (Par) 2*
80-AHB-c Waiwai+
Hishkaryana*
Essequibo upper valley southwards to Mapuera+ Jatapu+ Nhamund
upper valleys
Guyana (Rupununi); Brazil (Par;
Amazonas)
3
80-AHB-ca waiwai uaiuai, uaieue, ouayeone (Rupununi); (Par; Amazonas)
80-AHB-cb katawian katwena, katuena, katawina, cachuena, catawian, catauian (Par; Amazonas); (Rupununi)
80-AHB-cc charuma parukoto-charuma (Par; Amazonas); and/or
(Rupununi)
80-AHB-cd sherewyana xerewyana, xereu (Par; Amazonas)
80-AHB-ce hishkaryana hixkariana, hixkaryana, hichkaryana (Par; Amazonas)
80-AHB-cf chawiyana (Par; Amazonas); and/or
(Rupununi)
80-AHB-cg kumiyana (Par; Amazonas); and/or
(Rupununi)
80-AHB-ch sokaka (Par; Amazonas); and/or
(Rupununi)
80-AHB-ci wabui (Par; Amazonas); and/or
(Rupununi)
80-AHB-cj faruaru (Par; Amazonas); and/or
(Rupununi)
80-AI BAKAIRI+ ARARA
chain
80-AIA ARARA+ TXIKO
net
80-AIA-a Arara+ Ajujure near Arata river Brazil (Par) 2*
80-AIA-aa arara-parir arara-do-par (Par) 1
80-AIA-ab ajujure (Par) 1
80-AIA-b Apiac+ Apingi Brazil (Par) 0
80-AIA-ba apiac-N. distinct from [85] Apiac (Par) 0
80-AIA-bb apingi (Par) 0
80-AIA-c Txiko+ Tunuli Xingu upper valley: Xingu park Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
80-AIA-ca txiko chicao, txikn, txico, txixo (Mato Grosso)
80-AIA-cb tunuli tonore (Mato Grosso)
80-AIA-d Yarum Xingu upper valley: Xingu park Brazil (Mato Grosso) 0*
80-AIA-da yarum jarum perhaps extinct (Mato Grosso) 0*
80-AIA-e Yuma Brazil (Rondnia) 0
80-AIA-ea yuma juma distinct from [85] Juma (Rondnia) 0
80-AIB BAKAIRI+
MATIPUHY net
Xingu river-basin
80-AIB-a Bakair Arinos upper valley Xingu headwaters Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
80-AIB-aa bakair bacair, kura (Mato Grosso) 2
80-AIB-b Matipuhy+ Nahuku Amonap, Xingu upper valley: Xingu park Brazil (Mato Grosso) 0*
80-AIB-ba kuikuro kuikuru, guicur, kurkuro, cuicutl (Mato Grosso) 2*
80-AIB-bb matipuhy matip (Mato Grosso) 1
80-AIB-bc mariape* mariape-nahuqua (Mato Grosso) 1
80-AIB-bd nahuku nakukw, nafukw, nahuqua (Mato Grosso) 1
80-AIB-be kalapal apalakiri, apalaquiri (Mato Grosso) 2*

80-AJ PALMELA chain
80-AJA PALMELA net
80-AJA-a Palmela Brazil (Rondnia) 0
80-AJA-aa palmela (Rondnia) 0
80-AK 'PIMENTEIRA' chain
80-AKA 'PIMENTEIRA' net
80-AKA-a 'Pimenteira' Brazil (Piau) 0
80-AKA-aa 'pimenteira' (Piau) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
81= INTER-OCEAN
geozone
covers the "Inter-Ocean" reference area, composed of sets
not covered by any phylozone; comprising 16 sets of
languages (= 47 outer languages) spoken by communities in
southern Meso-America and northern South America, from
the Pacific to the Caribbean coast:
81-A MAM+ MATAGALPA 81-B PECH
81-C RAMA 81-D MALKU+ KWERESA
81-E NGOBERE+ TUKUR 81-F COFN
81-G PAZ+ COCONUCO 81-H COAIQUER+ TSCHI
81-I HIRAHARA+ GAYN 81-J TACAME
81-K PUM 81-L TIMOTE+ MUCUCHI
81-M BETOY 81-N YURIMANGI
81-O CAMS 81-P GUARAO
including (with zone 87=) a number of languages sometimes
known as 'mac', 'mak', 'maco', an unscientific term applied
by outsiders to certain indigenous communities in the interior
of Colombia and Venezuela, and in adjacent Brazil
Colombia; Costa Rica; Ecuador;
Guyana; Honduras; Nicaragua;
Panama; Surinam; Venezuela
5
81-A MAM+ MATAGALPA
set
MISUMALPAN, miskito+ sumo, part of "wider" chibchan grouping
81-AA MAM+ MATAGALPA
chain
81-AAA MAM+ CABO net MSKITU
81-AAA-a Mam+ Cabo mskitu, miskito, msquito, mrquito, mosquito Costa de Mosquito
coast: Caratasca lagoon Perlas lagoon
Honduras (Gracias a Dios);
Nicaragua (Zelaya)
5
81-AAA-aa mskitu-V. "vehicular" miskito Costa de Mosquito coast (Gracias a Dios); (Zelaya)
81-AAA-ab mam "honduran" mskito (Gracias a Dios) 4
81-AAA-ac tawira tauira (Zelaya)
81-AAA-ad baymuna baymunana, baldam (Zelaya)
81-AAA-ae wanki wangki (Zelaya)
81-AAA-af cabo kabo (Zelaya)
81-AAB TAWAHKA+ ULWA
net
SUMO
81-AAB-a Tawahka+ Ulwa sumo, sumu, soumo, sumoo inland from Costa de Mosquito coast Honduras (Gracias a Dios);
Nicaragua (Zelaya)
3
81-AAB-aa tawahka+ bawihka sumo-N., "honduran" sumo (Gracias a Dios) 2
81-AAB-aaa tawahka tahuajca, tauahca (Gracias a Dios)
81-AAB-aab bawihka (Gracias a Dios)
81-AAB-aac panamaka (Gracias a Dios)
81-AAB-ab ulwa+ kukra sumo-S., "nicaraguan" sumo (Zelaya) 3
81-AAB-aba ulwa wulwa, woolwa, 'lua, ulua (Zelaya)
81-AAB-abb kukra cucra (Zelaya)
81-AAC MATAGALPA+
CACAOPERA* net

81-AAC-a Cacaopera cakaopera extinct San Miguel hinterland El Salvador 0
81-AAC-aa cacaopera El Salvador 0
81-AAC-b Matagalpa extinct Cordillera Isabella range Cordillera Entre Ros range Nicaragua (Nueva Segovia );
Honduras (El Paraso)
0
81-AAC-ba matagalpa (Nueva Segovia ); (El Paraso) 0
81-B PECH set PAYA, part of "wider" chibchan grouping
81-BA PECH chain
81-BAA PECH net
81-BAA-a Pech* Dulce Nombre de Culm Santa Mara del Carbn Honduras (Olancho) 2
81-BAA-aa pech* paya, taya, tawka, seco (Olancho) 2
81-C RAMA set part of "wider" chibchan grouping
81-CA RAMA chain
81-CAA RAMA net
81-CAA-a Rama Rama Cay coast & hinterland Nicaragua 1*
81-CAA-aa rama 24 speakers in 1980's +submerged by [52] Rama-Cay Nicaragua 1*

81-D MALKU+
KWERESA set
GUATUSO, part of "wider" chibchan grouping
81-DA MALKU+
KWERESA chain
81-DAA MALKU+
KWERESA net
81-DAA-a Malku+ Kweresa watuso+ wetar Costa Rica (Alajuela) 2
81-DAA-aa malku-jaka watuso, guatuso Costa Rica 2
81-DAA-ab kweresa wtar, getar, corobici extinct Costa Rica 0
81-E NGOBERE+
TUKUR set
chibchan-E., part of "wider" chibchan grouping
81-EA NASO chain TERIBE
81-EAA NASO net
81-EAA-a Naso teribe, trraba, tiribi, tirribi, nortenyo, quequexqueterraba community
Caribbean coast
Costa Rica; Panama (Bocas del
Toro)
3
81-EAA-aa naso-W. 5 speakers in 1990's (Limn) 1
81-EAA-ab naso-E. Teribe valley Changuinola valley (Bocas del Toro) 3
81-EB BRUNCA+
CABCAR chain
"WIDER"-TALAMANKA, "wider" takamanca
81-EBA BRUNCA net
81-EBA-a Brunca 5 speakers (all women) in 1980's Pacific coast: Playa Bonita
Golfito Punta Burica peninsula
Costa Rica (Puntarenas); Panama
(Chiriqu)
3
81-EBA-aa brunca boruca, borunca, burica, burunca, brunka (Puntarenas); (Chiriqu) 3
81-EBB CABCAR+ BRIBRI
net
81-EBB-a Cabcar Costa Rica (Turriabla) 3
81-EBB-aa cabcar kabkar, chirrip, including corrhue, xorrhue (Turriabla) 3
81-EBB-aaa chirrip Cerro Cirrip highlands (Turriabla)
81-EBB-aab telire Telire valley (Turriabla)
81-EBB-aac 'estrella' (Turriabla)
81-EBB-aad ujarrs (Turriabla)
81-EBB-aae tucurric (Turriabla)
81-EBB-b Bribri Lari+ Telire+ Uren valleys Costa Rica (Limn; Puntarenas);
also Panama
3
81-EBB-ba bribri talamanca "proper", talamanka "proper" (Limn; Puntarenas); also Panama 3
81-EBB-baa salitre-cabagra (Limn; Puntarenas)
81-EBB-bab amubre-katsi (Limn; Puntarenas)
81-EBB-bac coroma (Limn; Puntarenas)
81-EC NGOBERE+
BUGLERE chain
81-ECA NGOBERE+
BUGLERE net
81-ECA-a Ngobere ngbere, guaymi, waim Chiriqu lagoon & hinterland Panama (Bocas del Toro;
Veraguas); also Costa Rica
4
81-ECA-aa ngobere-W. mobe, valiente (Bocas del Toro) 4
81-ECA-ab ngobere-E. tole, chiriqui (Bocas del Toro; Veraguas) 4
81-ECA-b Buglere nortenyo, murir Serrana de Tabasar highlands Panama (Veraguas) 3
81-ECA-ba sabanero veraguas-sabanero (Veraguas) 1*
81-ECA-bb bokot bokwet, bogot, bofota, bobota, bocota, bukueta (Veraguas) 3
81-ED CWGI+ ICA chain ARWAKO-NORTH, "highland" aruak
81-EDA CWGI net COGUI
81-EDA-a Cwgi Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta northern & western mountain-slopes Colombia (Magdalena) 3
81-EDA-aa cwgi cogui, coghui, kogi, kugian, cgaba, kaggaba (Magdalena) 3
81-EDB ICA net
81-EDB-a Ica Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta southern mountain-slopes Colombia (El Csar) 3
81-EDB-aa ica ihka, ika, ijca, ijka, ike, ik, aruaca, arhuaco, bintuk, bntukua, bntucua (El Csar) 3
81-EDC WIWA net MALAYO
81-EDC-a WIWA Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta southern & eastern mountain-slopes
#proliferation of names (see below) suggests more than one
component idiom
Colombia (El Csar; La Guajira) 2
81-EDC-aa wiwa malayo, dinima, wamaka, guamaca, marocasero, maracasero,
marocacero, arosario, sanh, sanja, sanka
(El Csar; La Guajira) 2
81-EE CHIMILA chain ARAWAKO-SOUTH
81-EEA CHIMILA net "lowland" aruak
81-EEA-a Chimila shimizya Valledupar environs: lowlands between Magdalena river &
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains
Colombia (Magdalena) 2
81-EEA-aa caca-weranos Caca Weranos (Magdalena)
81-EEA-ab 'san-jorge' Jorge (Magdalena)

1999 / 2000 edition
81-EF CHIBCHA+ TUNEBO
chain
"NARROW"-CHIBCHAN
81-EFA TUNEBO net
81-EFA-a Tunebo-W. aguas-blancas Colombia (Santander del Sur) 3*
81-EFA-aa tunebo-W. (Santander del Sur) 3*
81-EFA-b Tunebo-E. "highland" tunebo Sierra Nevada de Cocuy highlands & eastwards Colombia (Santander del Sur;
Boyac; Arauca); also Venezuela
3
81-EFA-ba tunebo-cobara Satoc Calafita Tegra Cobara (Boyac; Arauca)
81-EFA-bb tunebo-'angosturas' "angosturas" nearly extinct in 1983's (Arauca) 1*
81-EFA-bc tunebo-tame "barro-negro", tame Tame-SW.: Barro Negro San Lope Tabas (Arauca) 2
81-EFA-c Chibcha Colombia central highlands Colombia 0
81-EFA-ca chibcha muisca, mosca extinct Colombia 0
81-EG CUNA chain
81-EGA CUNA net
81-EGA-a Cuna kuna Panama; Colombia (Choc;
Antioquia)
4
81-EGA-aa cuna-'san-blas' "san-blas" cuna Golfo de San Blas off-shore islets and coast plus
migration to Coln & Panam cities and to banana-plantations
Panama 4
81-EGA-aaa 'san-blas'-A. "insular" cuna Panama
81-EGA-aab chuana chucuna Panama
81-EGA-aac cueva Panama
81-EGA-aad bayano including alto-bayano. maje Panama
81-EGA-ab cuna-SE. "long-hair" cuna, in [51] Espaol: caimn nuevo Golfo de Uurub
coast
Colombia; Panama 3
81-EGA-aba paya+ pucuro Paya Pucuro villages Panama 2
81-EGA-abb cuna-'colombia' (Choc; Antioquia) 2
81-EH BAR* chain
81-EHA BAR net
81-EHA-a Bar* Sierra de Perij mountains Oro+ Catatumo valley Colombia; Venezuela (Zulia) 3
81-EHA-aa bar "chibchan" motiln, motilone, barira, dobocub, mape, cunguasaya #in
[51] Espaol = hairless distinct from [80] Yucpa ("Carib" Motiln)
(Zulia) 3
81-EI TUKUR +
NOANAMA chain
81-EIA TUKUR+
NOANAMA net
+probable linguistic continuum #in an area of confused and
overlapping ethnolinguistic nomenclature
81-EIA-a Tukur+ Tad* Ember, empera, ber, bera, epera, embena, epena, choc, 'cholo'
#ember= community
Panama; Colombia (Antioquia;
Choco; Caldas; Cordoba; Valle del
Cauca)
4
81-EIA-aa samb ember-panama, darin, dariena, andgueda, part of 'ember-N.'
Samp valley Serrana del Darin mountains
Panama
81-EIA-ab atrato part of 'ember-N.', including rio-sucio Atrato valley Sucio lower
valley
(Antioquia; Choco)
81-EIA-ac tukur ro-verde, part of 'ember-N.' southwest of Uraba gulf (Choco)
81-EIA-ad cato* katio, epera-catio, evabida Cordillera Occidental northwest foothills (Cordoba; Antioquia) 4
81-EIA-ada murr Murr valley (Cordoba)
81-EIA-adb dabeiba Sucio upper valley: Dabeiba (Antioquia)
81-EIA-adc sinu Sinu upper valley (Cordoba)
81-EIA-add ngver san-jorge San Jorge valley (Cordoba)
81-EIA-ade cauca including arma, cenu Cauca lower valley (Antioquia) 0
81-EIA-ae caramanta+ sitar Andes town Cristiania Caramant (Antioquia; Caldas) 2*
81-EIA-af cham including anserma Cordillera Occidental northern highlands:
Anserma
(Choco; Antioquia; Caldas) 4*
81-EIA-ag tad emben-tad Cordillera Occidental western foothills: San Jun upper
valley (Tad)
(Choco) 3*
81-EIA-ah baud Baudo valley (Choco)
81-EIA-ai saija 'ember-S.', epena-saija, epera-pedea, saixa, basarado, basurudo
Naya coast
(Valle del Cauca; Cauca) 3
81-EIA-aj runa* Colombia 0
81-EIA-b Noanama waunana, wounan, wounaan, noenama, nonama, woun-meu, waumeo,
chocama, chanco
Colombia (Valle del Cauca);
Panama
3
81-EIA-ba noanama-N. "panamanian" waunana Panama 3
81-EIA-bb noanama-S. "colombian" waunana (Valle del Cauca)

81-F COFN set KOFAN, part of "wider" chibchan
81-FA COFN chain
81-FAA COFN net
81-FAA-a Cofn kofan, kofn, a'i, kofane Colombia (Putumayo); Ecuador
(Napo)
2
81-FAA-aa cofn-N. (Putumayo) 2
81-FAA-ab 'santa-rosa' Santa Rosa de Sucumbos (Napo) 2
81-FAA-ac 'aguarico' Aguarico upper valley (Napo) 2
81-G PAZ+ COCONUCO
set
PAEZAN, paesan, part of "wider" paezan
81-GA COCONUCO+
GUAMBIANO chain
81-GAA COCONUCO+
GUAMBIANO net
81-GAA-a Coconuco Colombia (Cauca) 2*
81-GAA-aa coconuco kokonuko, wanaka* (Cauca)
81-GAA-b Totor Colombia (Cauca) 0*
81-GAA-ba totor (Cauca)
81-GAA-c Guambiano+ Mogs wambiano Colombia (Cauca) 3
81-GAA-ca guambiano guambia (Cauca) 3
81-GAA-cb mogs moguez (Cauca)
81-GB PAZ+ ANDAQU
chain
81-GBA PAZ+ PANZALEO
net
81-GBA-a Paz+ Pitayo Cordillera Central mountains: Popayn Paz Colombia (Huila) 4
81-GBA-aa paz paes (Huila)
81-GBA-ab pitayo (Huila)
81-GBA-ac paniquita panikita (Huila)
81-GBA-b Panzaleo Cordillera Central mountains Ecuador (Pichincha; Cotopaxi;
Tungurahua)
0
81-GBA-ba panzaleo pansaleo (Pichincha; Cotopaxi; Tungurahua) 0
81-GBB ANDAQU net
81-GBB-a Andaqu Cordillera Central eastern slopes Colombia (Huila; Caquet) 0
81-GBB-aa andaqu andak (Huila; Caquet)
81-H COAIQUER+
TSCHI set
BARBAKOAN, barbacoano, part of "wider" paezan
81-HA COAIQUER+
BARBACOAS chain
81-HAA COAIQUER+
BARBACOAS net
81-HAA-a Coaiquer+ Awa coaiquer Cordillera Central western slopes Colombia (Cauca; Nario);
Ecuador (Carchi)
3
81-HAA-aa coaiquer kwaiker, koaiker, cuaiquer, quaiquer, telemb (Cauca) 4
81-HAA-ab awa coaiquer-S. (Carchi) 3*
81-HAA-b Barbacoas+ Pasto* Barbacoas Colombia (Nario); Ecuador
(Carchi)
0
81-HAA-ba barbacoas Barbacoas (Nario) 0
81-HAA-bb muelyama muellama (Nario) 0
81-HAA-bc pasto (Nario); (Carchi) 0
81-HB TSCHI+ TSFIKI
chain
cayapa+ 'colorado'
81-HBA TSCHI net CAYAPA
81-HBA-a Tschi Cayapas river & tributaries: 5 enclaves Ecuador (Esmeraldas) 3
81-HBA-aa ts-chi cha-chi, cayapa, kayapa; cha'-palaachi; ts-che-la, cha-chilla
community
(Esmeraldas) 3
81-HBB TSFIKI net COLORADO
81-HBB-a Tsfiki Santo Domingo de los Colarados: forest west of Quito Ecuador (Pichincha; Los Ros) 3
81-HBB-aa ts-fiki 'colorado' community (Pichincha; Los Ros) 3
81-I HIRAHARA+
GAYN set

81-IA HIRAHARA+
GAYN chain

81-IAA HIRAHARA+
GAYN net

81-IAA-a Hirahara Cordillera de Mrida northern foothills Venezuela (Falcn) 0
81-IAA-aa hirahara jirajara (Falcn) 0
81-IAA-b Ayomn Cordillera de Mrida northern foothills Venezuela (Lara) 0
81-IAA-ba ayomn ayamn (Lara) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
81-IAA-c Gayn Cordillera de Mrida northern foothills Venezuela (Lara) 0
81-IAA-ca gayn coyn (Lara) 0
81-J TACAME set ESMERALDA, part of tacame+ pum grouping
81-JA TACAME chain
81-JAA TACAME net
81-JAA-a Tacame Esmeralda coast Ecuador (Esmeraldas) 0
81-JAA-aa tacame esmeralda, takame (Esmeraldas) 0
81-K PUM set YARURO, part of tacame+ pum grouping
81-KA PUM chain jaruro
81-KAA PUM net
81-KAA-a Pum Capanaparo swamps and northwards Venezuela (Apure; Amazonas) 3
81-KAA-aa pum pumeh, yaruro, yaruru, jaruro, llaruro, yuapn Venezuela (Apure; Amazonas) 3
81-L TIMOTE+ MUCUCH
set

81-LA TIMOTE+ MUCUCH
chain

81-LAA TIMOTE+ MUCUCH
net

81-LAA-a Timote+ Cuica timoteano Cordillera de Mrida highlands Venezuela (Mrida) 0
81-LAA-aa timote (Mrida) 0
81-LAA-ab cuica kuika (Mrida) 0
81-LAA-b Muts+ Loco* near Pueblo Llano: Muts Venezuela (Barinas) 2
81-LAA-ba muts mutu (Barinas) 2
81-LAA-bb loco (Barinas)
81-LAA-c Mucuch+ Marip Cordillera de Mrida highlands Venezuela (Mrida) 0
81-LAA-ca mucuch mukuchi, mucuch "proper" (Mrida) 2
81-LAA-cb marip mirrip Cordillera de Mrida highlands Venezuela (Mrida) 2
81-M BETOY set
81-MA BETOY chain
81-MAA BETOY net
81-MAA-a Betoy Colombia (Arauca) 0
81-MAA-aa betoy (Arauca) 0
81-N YURIMANGI set
81-NA YURIMANGI chain
81-NAA YURIMANGI net
81-NAA-a Yurimangi Yurimangi valley Colombia (Valle de Cauca) 0
81-NAA-aa yurimangi yurumangi (Valle de Cauca) 0
81-O CAMS set
81-OA CAMS chain
81-OAA CAMS net
81-OAA-a Cams Sibundoy valley Colombia (Putumayo) 3
81-OAA-aa cams kams, kamse, kamemtxa, sibundoy, coche Sibundoy valley (Putumayo) 3
81-P GUARAO set WARAO
81-PA GUARAO chain
81-PAA GUARAO net
81-PAA-a Guarao "wider" guarao, warao, guarano, guarauno, tivativa Orinoco delta-
coast: Marowijne, Maroni lower valley a few elderly speakers each
side of Venezuela-Guyana frontier; also (perhaps extinct) each side of
Guyana-Surinam frontier
Venezuela (Sucre; Monagas; Delta
Amacuro); Guyana (Barima-Waini;
Upper Demerara-Berbice);
Surinam (Nickerie)
1
81-PAA-aa guarao-A. warao "proper", warrau, uarow, arao-te Venezuela
81-PAA-ab guasay Venezuela
81-PAA-ac mariusa araguao Venezuela
81-PAA-ad hoanarau Venezuela
81-PAA-ae cocuina Venezuela
81-PAA-af changuane* Venezuela

82= ARAWAKIC
phylozone
covers the "Maipuran" ("Maipurean") or "Core Arawakan"
grouping, part of the "wider Arawakan" hypothesis; comprising
2 sets of languages (= 50 outer languages) formerly spoken
by communities in the Caribbean and spoken at end 20
th
century by widely scattered communities in Meso-America
and South-America, from Guatemala and Belize to French
Guiana and northern Brazil, Peru and Bolivia:
82-A WAYU+ BANIWA 82-B ASHNINGA+ YANESHA
originally Cuba; Haiti+ Dominican
Rep.; Puerto Rico; Jamaica; in
20
th
cent: Belize; Bolivia; Brazil;
Colombia; Dominica; French
Guiana; Guatemala; Guyana;
Honduras; Peru; St.Vincent;
Surinam; Venezuela
5
82-A WAYU+ BANIWA
set
MAIPURAN-NORTH
82-AA TAINO notional chain
82-AAA TAINO notional net
82-AAA-a Taino Greater Antilles archipelago probably extinct by 18th century originally Cuba; Haiti+ Dominican
Rep.; Puerto Rico; Jamaica

82-AAA-aa taino representing at least one language for each major island originally Cuba; Haiti+ Dominican
Rep.; Puerto Rico; Jamaica
82-AB GARIFUNA+
'DOMINICAN' chain
KALPHONA.
82-ABA Garifuna+
'Dominican' net
kalphona, inyeri-kalphona, kalipona, "island carib" +influenced by
[80] Cariban; original [82] Inyeri language was preserved by Arawakan
women in communities dominated from 15th century by Carib males
speaking one or more [80] Carib languages
82-ABA-a 'Dominican' kalphona-N. extinct since early 1920's Dominica island Dominica 0
82-ABA-aa 'dominican' Dominica 0
82-ABA-b Garfuna+
'Vincentian'
kalphona-S. St.Vincent island; deported late 18
th
cent. to Central
America
formerly St.Vincent; deportation>
Belize; Guatemala; Honduras
5
82-ABA-ba garifuna "black carib" speakers arrived as deportees from St.Vincent island in
1790's current dialects to be established Gulf of Honduras coast
Belize; Guatemala; Honduras; also
Nicaragua
5
82-ABA-bb 'vincentian' extinct since 1920's St.Vincent island St.Vincent 0
82-AC WAYU+ AROWK
chain
WAHIRO
82-ACA WAYU+ ALILE net
82-ACA-a Wayu wahiro "proper" La Guajira peninsula Lago de Maracaibo west
shore
Colombia (La Guajira); Venezuela
(Zulia)
5
82-ACA-aa wayu guajiro, wahiro, goahiro, goajiro, guajira (La Guajira); (Zulia) 5
82-ACA-b Alile+ Toa Paraujano, parahujano, parauhano, anyu 20 speakers or less in
1970's Tablazo bay: Guasare mouth
Venezuela (Zulia) 1
82-ACA-ba alile (Zulia)
82-ACA-bb toa (Zulia)
82-ACB AROWK net
82-ACB-a Arowk arahuaco, arowak, aruak, aruaki, lokono geographically fragmented Venezuela (Delta Amacuro);
Guyana (Essequibo; Demerara;
Berbice); Surinam (Nickerie);
French Guiana (St.Laurent du
Maroni; Cayenne)
3
82-ACB-aa arowk-W. Isla Corocoro coast west of Essequibo estuary (Delta Amacuro); (Essequibo) 3*
82-ACB-ab arowk-C. coast & swamps around Berbice estuary Courantyne, Corantijn
valley
(Demerara; Berbice); (Nickerie) 3*
82-ACB-ac arowk-E. Mana middle valley Courcibo valley (St.Laurent du Maroni; Cayenne) 2
82-AD ATORA+
MAOPIDYN chain
WAPIXANA, wapixna, wapitxana, wapisiana, vapidiana
82-ADA ATORA+
MAOPIDYN net
82-ADA-a Atora+ Maopidyn geographically fragmented Kanuku mountains>S.: Rupunini
valley Uraricuera valley
Guyana (Essequibo); Brazil
(Roraima); also Venezuela
(Bolvar)
4
82-ADA-aa atora ator'ti, dauri Guyana and/or Brazil
82-ADA-ab mawakua Guyana and/or Brazil
82-ADA-ac maopidyn maopidian, mapidian, maopityan, maiopitian Guyana and/or Brazil
82-ADA-ad mawayana mahuayana Guyana and/or Brazil
82-ADA-ae amariba perhaps extinct Guyana and/or Brazil

1999 / 2000 edition
82-AE PALIKR+
MARAWN chain
82-AEA PALIKR+
MARAWN net
82-AEA-a Palikr+ Marawn French Guiana (Cayenne); Brazil
(Amap)
3
82-AEA-aa palikr palikour, palicur, palijur Oyapock, Oiapoque river (Cayenne); (Amap) 3
82-AEA-ab marawn+ karipur Brazil (Amap) 0
82-AF TSASE+ JUKUNA
chain
82-AFA TSASE+ ACHAGUA
net
82-AFA-a Achagua Colombia (Meta; Boyaca); also
Venezuela
2
82-AFA-aa achagua ajagua, xagua, achagwa (Meta; Boyaca) 2
82-AFA-b Amarizana Colombia (Meta) 0
82-AFA-ba amarizana (Meta) 0
82-AFA-c Tsase Piapoko Colombia (Vaups; Vichada;
Guainia); Venezuela (Amazonas);
also Brazil (Amazonas)
3
82-AFA-ca tsase dzase, dzaze (Vaups; Vichada; Guainia);
Venezuela (Amazonas)
3
82-AFB CAVIYARI net
82-AFB-a Caviyar Cananar river Colombia (Amazonas) 2*
82-AFB-aa caviyar kaviyar, kawiyar, cabiyari, cabiuar, cauyar, kauyar, cuyare, kawillary Colombia (Amazonas) 2*
82-AFC INAHISHANA net WAINUM
82-AFC-a Inahishana Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFC-aa inahishana wainum, wai, waima, wainumi, wainambi, waipi, yanuma (Amazonas) 0
82-AFD ANAUY* net
82-AFD-a Anauy Venezuela (Amazonas) 0
82-AFD-aa anauy (Amazonas) 0
82-AFE GUAREQUENA+
MANDAHUACA net
WAREKENA
82-AFE-a Guarequena* Guaina valley Isana, Iana valleys Brazil (Amazonas); Venezuela
(Amazonas); Colombia (Guaina)
2
82-AFE-aa guarequena guarekena, arequena, urequema, warekena, walkhena, warekea,
werekena, uerequema, werikena
Brazil (Amazonas); Venezuela
(Amazonas); Colombia (Guaina)
2
82-AFE-b Mandahuaca mandawaka Brazil (Amazonas); Venezuela
(Amazonas)
3
82-AFE-ba mandahuaca mandauaca, mandawka, ihini, arihini, maldavaca, cunipusana, yavita,
mitua Casiquiare river Baria river
Brazil (Amazonas); Venezuela
(Amazonas)
3
82-AFE-c Xiriana* insufficent data for certain classification within this net Demeni
tributaries Rio Negro left-bank tributaries
Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
82-AFE-ca xiriana shiriana, xirina (Amazonas) 2*
82-AFF JUMANA+ PASE net
82-AFF-a Jumana Ro-Negro area Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFF-aa jumana Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFF-b Pase Ro-Negro area Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFF-ba pase Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFF-c Kaiwishana Ro-Negro area Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFF-ca kaiwishana Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AFG YUCUNA+ GARU net
82-AFG-a Yucuna Caquet tributary: Miriti+ Parana valley Colombia (Amazonas) 3
82-AFG-aa yucuna yukuna, jukuna, chukuna, matap Colombia (Amazonas) 3
82-AFG-b Garu Colombia (Caquet) 2*
82-AFG-ba garu guaru (Caquet)
82-AG BANIWA+ TARIANA
chain
82-AGA TARIANA net
82-AGA-a Tariana tarino, taliseri Vaups river Brazil (Vaups); formerly also
Colombia (Vaups)
3*

82-AGB BANIWA+
MAPANAI* net
KARU, including tapuya, tapuia kadawa-purtana, cadaua-puritana,
kadau-purtana #the names tapuya and kadawa-purtana have each
been applied to several idioms in an area of confused and variable
ethnolinguistic nomenclature
82-AGB-a Ipeca+ Crrim Brazil (Amazonas); Colombia
(Vaups; Guainia); Venezuela
(Amazonas)
3*
82-AGB-aa crrim curripaco, curipaco, kuripaco, kurripaco, kuripako, koripako, korispaso,
korripako, karupaka Isana, Iana river Guainia river Inrida rivers
Colombia (Vaups; Guainia);
3*
82-AGB-ab unhun enhen, onhon Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-ac ipeca pato-tapuya, pato-tapuia, cumata, ipeka, ipeca-tapuia, ipeka-tapuya,
ipeka-tapuia, pacu, paku-tapuya, payuliene, payuliene, palioariene
Isana, Iana river
Brazil (Amazonas) 2
82-AGB-ad waliperi veliperi Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-b Baniwa+ Wadzoli Huhteni, karru, cartana, karutana, kurtana Isana, Iana middle
river Ayar, Aiari river
Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela
(Amazonas); Brazil (Amazonas)
4
82-AGB-ba baniwa-N. baniva-N., avani, ayane, abane Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela
(Amazonas)
0
82-AGB-bb quirruba* Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela
(Amazonas)
0
82-AGB-bc baniwa-S. baniua-do-iana, maniba, baniva-S., baniba, issana Ro Negro
valley Isana, Iana valley
Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela
3
82-AGB-bd kohoroxitari classification with Baniwa-S. to be confirmed Rio Negro valley Brazil (Amazonas) 2
82-AGB-be hohodene hohodena Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bf sius suisy, suisy-tapuia, siusy-tapuya, seuci, siuci, siusi Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bg adaru Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bh arara Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bi dzaui dzawi Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bj adzneni tat Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bk yauarete jauarete, yawaret, yawarete-tapuya Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bl yurupari jurupari, yurupari-tapuya Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bm mulieni kawa Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bn mapache Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bo wadzoli uadzoli Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-bp urubu Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-c Mapanai+
Katapoltani
Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
82-AGB-ca katapoltani Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-cb moriwene sikuriy Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-cc mapanai ira Brazil (Amazonas)
82-AGB-d Yabaana* insufficent data for certain classification within this net Maraui+
Cauaboris headwaters
Brazil (Amazonas) 1
82-AGB-da yabaana jabaana, yabana, yabarana Brazil (Amazonas) 1
82-AH BAR+ YAVITERO
chain
82-AHA BAR+ GUINAO net
82-AHA-a Guinao+
Temomoyamo
Venezuela (Bolvar) 0
82-AHA-aa guinao ginao, quinhao, guaniare, inao (Bolvar)
82-AHA-ab temomoyamo* temomeyeme (Bolvar)
82-AHA-b Bar+ Barawana barawana, barauna, barauana, ihini, arihini, maldavaca, cunipusana,
yavita, mitua Guaina valley Casiquiare valley Ro Negro upper
valley
Venezuela (Amazonas); Brazil
(Amazonas)
2
82-AHA-ba bar barawna-N. Venezuela (Amazonas) 2
82-AHA-bb barawana bar-S., "brazilian" bar Brazil (Amazonas) 1
82-AHA-c Maraw* insufficent data for certain classification within this net Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AHA-ca maraw* (Amazonas) 0
82-AHB YAVITERO net
82-AHB-a Yavitero extinct since 1980's Venezuela 0
82-AHB-aa yavitero yavitano, paraene Venezuela 0
82-AI RESGARO chain
82-AIA RESGARO net
82-AIA-a Resgaro near Putumayo river Peru (Loreto); Colombia
(Amazonas)
1
82-AIA-aa resgaro resgero (Loreto); (Amazonas) 1

1999 / 2000 edition
82-AJ MANAO+ KARIA
chain

82-AJA MANAO net
82-AJA-a Manao Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AJA-aa manao Brazil (Amazonas) 0
82-AJB KARIA net
82-AJB-a Karia Brazil (Roraima) 0
82-AJB-aa karia (Roraima) 0
82-AK TUBARO+
MASAK* chain
insufficent data for certain classification
82-AKA TUBARO+
MASAK net
82-AKA-a Tubaro+ Masak Brazil (Rondnia) 2*
82-AKA-aa tubaro aikan, huari, wari, uari, corumbiara, kolumbiara (Rondnia)
82-AKA-ab masak massac (Rondnia)
82-B ASHNINGA+
YANESHA set
MAIPURAN-SOUTH
82-BA YANESHA+
CHAMICURO chain
82-BAA CHAMICURO net
82-BAA-a Chamicuro tributary of Huallaga river Peru (Loreto) 2
82-BAA-aa chamicuro chamicura, chamicolo (Loreto) 2
82-BAB YANESHA net AMUESHA
82-BAB-a Yanesha Pachitea+ Perea headwaters Peru (Pasco; Junn) 3
82-BAB-aa yanesha amuesha, amuese, amueixa, amoishe, amagues, amage, omage,
amajo, amaje, amuetamo
(Pasco; Junn) 3
82-BB ASHNINGA+
MACHIGUENGA*
chain
CAMPA, kampa
82-BBA ASHNINGA+
MACHIGUENGA net
82-BBA-a Ashninga+
Casharari
campa-NW. Peru (Hunuco; Pasco; Loreto;
Junn; Cuzco); also Brazil (Acre;
Amazones)
4
82-BBA-aa ashni-nga ashni-nca, ashninca-campa (Hunuco; Pasco; Loreto) 4
82-BBA-ab ashni-nga ashni-nca, ashninca-campa (Loreto) 3
82-BBA-ac pajonal part of pajonal-campa Gran Pajonal highlands (Pasco; Junn; Loreto)
82-BBA-ad ats-iri at-iri, part of pajonal-campa (Loreto)
82-BBA-ae ucay-ali Ucayali valley (Loreto) 3
82-BBA-af unini Ucayali upper valley: Unini (Loreto)
82-BBA-ag pichis Pichis valley (Pasco) 3
82-BBA-ah perene Peren upper valley (Junn) 3
82-BBA-ai apurucay-ali Apurimac valley (Cuzco)
82-BBA-aj cashar-ari kashar-ari, jurua-purus 2 (Cuzco*) 2
82-BBA-b Machiguenga+
Cogapacori
campa-SE. Peru (Junn; Cuzco; Loreto; Madre
de Dios)
4
82-BBA-ba no-matsigue-nga no-matsiguenga-campa, no-matsigenga, at-iri (Junn) 3
82-BBA-bb caquinte caquinte-campa, kakinte, poyenisate, 'cachomash-iri', 'kachomas-iri'
Picha valley Mayapo valley Poyeni valley
(Cuzco)
82-BBA-bc machigue-nga matsige-nga, matsiga-nga, matsige-nka, macheye-nga Urubamba
valley Mishagua valley Camisea valley Picha valley Manu
valley
(Cuzco; Loreto; Madre de Dios) 3
82-BBA-bd maaries (Cuzco*)
82-BBA-be cogapac-ori (Cuzco*) 2
82-BC PIRO+ APURIA
chain
82-BCA PIRO+ CANAMAR
net
82-BCA-a Piro+ Canamar geographically fragmented Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre);
formerly Bolivia (Pando)
3
82-BCA-aa piro maniteneri-W., piro "proper", pirro, pira Urubamba Ucayali valleys (Loreto) 3
82-BCA-ab contaquiro chontakiro (Loreto)
82-BCA-ac simirinch simirinche, simiranch (Loreto)
82-BCA-ad manitener piro-E., manchineri, machinere, maxinri, manchinere, manitenere
Acre upper left bank
(Acre)
82-BCA-ae 'mashco'-piro cujareno, cujareno, inapari, inamari, 'mashco' nomadic Cujar
valley Purus valley Tahuamanu upper valley Mishagua valley
Piedras valley
(Madre de Dios); (Acre); (formerly
Pando)
2*
82-BCA-af canamar kanamar (Acre) 0

82-BCB APURIA* net
82-BCB-a Apuria ipurinn, apurina, ipurina, jurua-purus Acre+ Purus river: Rio
Branco Manaus (fragmented riverine communities over a length of
1000 miles)
Brazil (Acre; Amazonas) 3
82-BCB-aa apuria-A. Brazil (Acre and/or Amazonas)
82-BCB-ab kangite Brazil (Acre and/or Amazonas)
82-BCB-ac popeng-are Brazil (Acre and/or Amazonas)
82-BCB-ad zuruah coxodo Brazil (Acre and/or Amazonas)
82-BD BAURE+ MOJO
chain
82-BDA BAURE net
82-BDA-a Baure west of Itonamas river Bolivia (El Beni) 1*
82-BDA-aa baure (El Beni) 1*
82-BDB MOJO+ BANURE net
82-BDB-a Mojo moxo, moxos, mojos, "ignaciano+ trinitario" Tijamuchi upper valley Bolivia (El Beni) 4
82-BDB-aa 'ignaciano' (El Beni)
82-BDB-ab 'loretano' part of "trinitario" (El Beni)
82-BDB-ac 'javierano' part of "trinitario" (El Beni)
82-BDB-b Banure Bolivia (El Beni) 2
82-BDB-ba banure chiquimiti, chikimiti Bolivia (El Beni) 2
82-BDB-c Pauna+ Paikone Bolivia (Santa Cruz) 0
82-BDB-ca pauna paunaca (Santa Cruz) 0
82-BDB-cb paikone paiconeca (Santa Cruz) 0
82-BE TERENA+ GUANA
chain
82-BEA TERENA+ GUANA
net
82-BEA-a Terena 4
82-BEA-aa terena terna, tereno, etelena Brazil (Mato Grosso) 4
82-BEA-b Guana Brazil (Mato Grosso) 0
82-BEA-ba guana kinikinao, chuala, chana, paran-E., kinihinao, equinao extinct (Mato Grosso) 0
82-BF PARES+
SARAVECA chain
82-BFA PARES+
SARAVECA net
82-BFA-a Pares+ Saraveca Planalto do Mato Grosso plateau Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
82-BFA-aa pares paress, parecs (Mato Grosso)
82-BFA-ab haliti* (Mato Grosso)
82-BFA-ac saraveca (Mato Grosso)
82-BG WAURA+
YAWALAPITI chain
82-BGA WAURA+
YAWALAPITI net
82-BGA-a Waura+ Custenau Xingu river-basin Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
82-BGA-aa custenau kustenau (Mato Grosso) 0
82-BGA-ab mehinku mehinaco, mahinaku, minaco (Mato Grosso) 2
82-BGA-ac waur uaura, aura (Mato Grosso) 2
82-BGA-b Yawalapit Brazil (Mato Grosso) 1
82-BGA-ba yawalapit jaulapiti, yaulapiti (Mato Grosso) 1

1999 / 2000 edition
83= PRE-ANDES
geozone
covers the "Pre-Andes" reference area, composed of sets not
covered by any phylozone; comprising 20 sets of languages
(= 73 outer languages) spoken by communities in South
America along the eastern margins of the Andes:
83-A COFN 83-B MURUI+ OKAINA
83-C ANDOQUE 83-D BORA+ MIRAA
83-E SHUAR+ AGUAJUN 83-F CHAYAHUITA+ JEVERO
83-G SHIMACU+ ITUCALI 83-H CYAPWI+ IQUITO
83-I YAMO+ NIXAMWI 83-J ITE'TSHI
83-K OMURANO 83-L CANDOXI+ CHAPARA
83-M YURAKARE+ MANSINYO 83-N CASHIBO+ JUANAWO
83-O CHAPACURA+ TOR 83-P ITONAMA+ SARAMO
83-Q CAYUBABA 83-R BAGUAJA+ ISIAMA
83-S MOSETEN+ TSIMAN 83-T TEHUELCHE+ ONA
including languages sometimes known as 'maina' or 'mayna',
an outsiders' term applied indifferently to a variety of
indigenous languages in Peru and adjacent countries
From Ecuador to Bolivia, "Amerindian" languages in the Pre-
Andes area are frequently submerged by [84] Quechua+
Quichua, as well as by [51] Espaol.
Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Chile;
Colombia; Ecuador; Peru
4
83-A COFN set
83-AA COFN chain
83-AAA COFN net
83-AAA-a Cofn kofan, kofane, a'i Colombia (Putumayo); Ecuador
(Napo)
2
83-AAA-aa cofn-NW. "santa-rosa" San Miguel valley: Santa Rosa de Sucumbio &
downstream
(Putumayo); (Napo) 2
83-AAA-ab cofn-SE. aguarico-2 Aguarico valley (Napo) 2
83-B MURUI+ OKAINA set witotoan, part of "wider" witotoan
83-BA MURUI+ OKAINA
chain
83-BAA MURUI+ NPODE
net
HUITOTO, witoto, minica+ murui
83-BAA-a Murui murui-huitoto, including bue Caquet lower river Amazonas upper
river: Caraparana Putumayo Leticia valleys
Colombia (Amazonas); Peru
(Loreto); Brazil (Amazonas)
3
83-BAA-aa murui-N. Colombia 3
83-BAA-ab murui-C. Peru 3
83-BAA-ac murui-S. Brazil 0
83-BAB-a Npode+ Noaiko* Minica, meneka, minika, meneca-huitoto Caquet lower river (Isla de
los Monos) Caguan river (Sanvicente del Caguan)
3
83-BAB-aa npode nipode Colombia; Peru; also Brazil
83-BAB-ab noaiko-muna muinane-meneca, part of non-linguistic muinana, muinani, muenam
distinct from neighbouring [83] Bora (Muinane-Bora)
Colombia; also Peru 3
83-BAC NONUA net
83-BAC-a Nonua perhaps including hairuya Peru (Loreto) 0*
83-BAC-aa nonua nonuya, nyonuhu, achote, achiote (Loreto) 0*
83-BAD COERUNA net
83-BAD-a Coeruna Brazil (Amazonas) 0
83-BAD-aa coeruna koeruna (Amazonas) 0
83-BAE ANDOQUERO net
83-BAE-a Andoquero Colombia (Amazonas) 0
83-BAE-aa andoquero andokero, miraa, carpana (Amazonas) 0
83-BAF OCAINA+ DUKAIYA
net
83-BAF-a Ocaina+ Dukaiya Ampicayu valley Putumayo valley Peru (Loreto); also Colombia
(Amazonas)
2
83-BAF-aa ocaina okaina Peru (Loreto); also Colombia
(Amazonas)
83-BAF-ab dukaiya Peru (Loreto)
83-BAF-ac ibo'tsa Peru (Loreto)
83-BAG OREJN net
83-BAG-a Orejn Peru (Loreto) 0
83-BAG-aa orejn koihoma, koto (Loreto) 0

83-C ANDOQUE set part of "wider" witotoan
83-CA ANDOQUE set
83-CAA ANDOQUE set
83-CAA-a Andoque Caqueta valley: Aduche tributary Peru (Loreto); Colombia
(Amazonas)
2
83-CAA-aa andoque andoke Peru (Loreto); Colombia
(Amazonas)
2
83-D BORA+ MIRAA set miranyan, borano, part of "wider" witotoan
83-DA BORA+ MIRAA
chain
83-DAA BORA+ MIRAA net "wider" bora
83-DAA-a Bora+ Faai* Caqueta valley Colombia (Amazonas); Peru
(Loreto)
2
83-DAA-aa bora muinane-bora, part of non-linguistic muinana, muinani, muenam
distinct from neighbouring [83] Noaiko-Muna (Muinane-Meneca)
Colombia; Peru
83-DAA-ab faai* Colombia; Peru
83-DAA-ac imihita* Colombia; Peru
83-DAA-b Miraa Caqueta valley: Miraa environs Putumayo valley: Puca Urco
environs
3
83-DAA-ba miraa bora-miraa, miraa, miranya, miranha (Amazonas); (Loreto); (Amazonas) 3
83-E SHUAR+ AGUAJUN
set
"WIDER"-JIVARO, "wider" hivaro, part of hvaro+ kawapnan
83-EA SHUAR+ AGUAJUN
chain
83-EAA SHUAR+ AGUAJUN
net
83-EAA-a Shuar+ Huambisa Jivaro, hvaro, xbaro, xvaro, jibaro, chiwaro Ecuador (Pastaza; Morona-
Santiago); Peru (Loreto;
Amazonas)
4
83-EAA-aa shuar jivaro-W., shuara Central Andes forested eastern slopes Ecuador (Morona-Santiago) 4
83-EAA-ab achuara achuar+ shiwiar, achual, achuale, including shiwiar Ecuador (Pastaza, Morona-
Santiago), Peru (Loreto)
3
83-EAA-aba achuara-N. jivaro-N. Pastaza valley Bobonaza valley Ecuador (Pastaza; Morona-
Santiago)
83-EAA-abb achuara-S. jivaro-S. Morona valley Tigre valley Peru (Loreto)
83-EAA-ac huambisa huambiza, wambisa Santiago valley (Amazonas)
83-EAA-b Aguajun Maraon middle river & tributaries Peru (Amazonas; Loreto) 4
83-EAA-ba aguajun aguaruna, awaruna, awahun, ahuajun (Amazonas; Loreto) 4
83-F CHAYAHUITA+
JEVERO set
"kahuapanan", cahuapanano
83-FA CHAYAHUITA+
JEVERO chain
83-FAA CHAYAHUITA+
YAMORA net
83-FAA-a Chayahuita+
Yamora
between Maraon & Huallaga valleys Peru (Loreto; San Martn) 3
83-FAA-aa chayahuita chayahuita "proper", chayawita, chawi, tsaahui, chayhuita, chayabita,
shayabit, balsapuertino, paranapura foothills west of Huallaga river
Peru
83-FAA-ab cahuapana kahuapana, cahuapa, kawapan Peru
83-FAA-ac yamora Peru
83-FAB JEVERO net
83-FAB-a Jevero Jeberos district Peru (Loreto) 3
83-FAB-aa jevero jebero, jevero, hevero, xebero, chebero, shewlo, xihuila (Loreto) 3
83-G SHIMACU+
ITUCALI* set
URARINA
83-GA SHIMACU+
ITUCALI chain
83-GAA SHIMACU+
ITUCALI net
83-GAA-a Shimacu+ Itucali urarina, oruaria, oruarinya Maraon left bank tributaries: Chambira+
Tigre etc.
Peru (Loreto) 3
83-GAA-aa shimacu shimaku, chimaku (Loreto)
83-GAA-ab itucali itukale (Loreto)
83-GAA-ac singacuchusca singakuchuska (Loreto)
83-GAA-ad arucuye aracuye (Loreto)
83-GAA-ae chambira huambisa (Loreto)
83-GAA-af waorani (Loreto)

1999 / 2000 edition
83-H CYAPWI+ IQUITO
set
+including languages submerged by the advance of [84] Quechua+
Quichua (Pastaza), in an area between Napo & Pastaza rivers
83-HA CYAPWI+
CHIRIPUNU chain
83-HAA CYAPWI+
CONAMBO net
ZAPARO
83-HAA-a Cyapwi+ Conambo Curaray valley Bobanza valley Peru (Loreto), migration> Ecuador
(Pastaza)
2
83-HAA-aa cyapwi sparo, zaparo, zaparoano, zpara, kyapwi, kayapw Peru (Loreto)
83-HAA-ab conambo konambo Conambo valley Peru (Loreto)
83-HAB CHIRIPUNU+
SIMICAI net
ARABELA+ ANDOA
83-HAB-a Chiripunu+ Simicai Peru (Loreto) 2
83-HAB-aa chiripunu arabela, chiripuno Napo tributary: Arabela valley (Loreto) 2
83-HAB-ab aushiri auxira Napo right bank tributaries (Loreto) 0
83-HAB-ac simicai andoa, simikai, shimigae, semigae, gae, gaye 5 speakers in 1980's
+submerged by [84] Quechua+ Quichua (Pastaza) Pastaza valley
(Loreto) 1
83-HB IQUITO+
CAHUARN chain
83-HBA IQUITO+
CAHUARN net
83-HBA-a Iquito+ Cahuarn Nanay valley Peru (Loreto) 2
83-HBA-aa iquito ikito, iquita, quiturran (Loreto) 2
83-HBA-ab amacacore* amakakore, hamacore (Loreto)
83-HBA-ac puca-uma* puka-uma (Loreto)
83-HBA-ad cahuarn kawarn, cawaran, cahuarano 5 speakers in 1970's +submerged by
[84] Quechua+ Quichua (Pastaza) Nanay valley
(Loreto) 1*
83-I YAMO+ NIXAMWI
set
yawan, peban, peba-yaguan
83-IA YAMO+ NIXAMWI
chain
83-IAA YAMO net
83-IAA-a Yamo Amazon+ Manaon left-bank: Tigre Nanay tributaries Peru (Loreto) 1*
83-IAA-aa yamo perhaps extinct (50 speakers in 1920's) (Loreto) 1*
83-IAB PEBA net
83-IAB-a Peba Peru (Loreto) 0*
83-IAB-aa peba peva (Loreto) 0*
83-IAC NIXAMWI net YAGUA
83-IAC-a Nixamwi Amazon valley: Iquitos to Colombia & Brazil frontiers Peru (Loreto) 3
83-IAC-aa nixamwi yagua, yahua, llagua, yegua, yava (Loreto) 3
83-J ITE'TSHI set TAUSHIRO
83-JA ITE'TSHI chain
83-JAA ITE'TSHI net
83-JAA-a Ite'tshi off Tigre valley: Intutu environs Peru (Loreto) 1
83-JAA-aa ite'tshi taushiro, pinchi, pinche (Loreto) 1
83-K OMURANO set
83-KA OMURANO chain
83-KAA OMURANO net
83-KAA-a Omurano Peru (Loreto) 0
83-KAA-aa omurano omurana, numurana, humurana, roamaina, umurano (Loreto) 0
83-L CANDOXI+
CHAPARA set
83-LA CANDOXI+
CHAPARA chain
83-LAA CANDOXI+
CHAPARA net
83-LAA-a Candoxi+ Chapara Morona valley Pastaza valley Huitoyacu valley Chapuli valley Peru (Loreto) 3
83-LAA-aa candoxi kandoshi, candoshi (Loreto)
83-LAA-ab chapara shapra, kandoashi (Loreto)
83-LAA-ac murato* morato (Loreto)

83-M YURACARE+
MANSINYO set
83-MA YURACARE+
MANSINYO chain
83-MAA YURACARE+
MANSINYO net
83-MAA-a Yuracare+ Mansinyo north of Cordillera de Cochabamba mountains Bolivia (Beni; Cochabamba) 3
83-MAA-aa yuracare yura (Beni; Cochabamba)
83-MAA-ab mansinyo (Beni; Cochabamba)
83-MAA-ac soloto (Beni; Cochabamba)
83-N CASHIBO+
JUANAWO set
PANOAN, part of pano+ takanan classification into chains and nets
to be reviewed #the suffix recorded as -nawa, -naawa, -naua, -nahua
(or -nauo, -navo) has been standarised as -nawa (or -nawo) in
reference-names in this set, alongside the suffixes -bo (or -bu) and
-waca (for -huaca)
83-NA CASHIBO+
CASHINAWA chain
83-NAA CASHIBO+
NOCAMAN net
83-NAA-a Cashibo+ Cacataibo hagueti, managua Aguaytia San Alejandro valleys Peru (Loreto) 3
83-NAA-aa cashi-bo cashi, kashi-bo, caxi-bo, caci-bo, cahi-vo (Loreto) 2
83-NAA-ab cacatai-bo kakatai-bo (Loreto) 2
83-NAA-b Nocaman presumed extinct; 3 speakers reported in 1920's Inuya
headwaters Amueya valley Tamaya valley
Peru (Loreto) 0
83-NAA-ba nocaman nocoman, nokaman Peru (Loreto) 0
83-NAB PISABO+
PAHENBAQUEBO*
net
TAPICHE
83-NAB-a Pisabo+ Mayubo Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre;
Amazonas)
4*
83-NAB-aa mayu-bo mayu, mayo between Tapiche & Blanco valleys (Loreto) 0*
83-NAB-ab pisa-bo pisa-hua, pisa-gua between Tapiche & Blanco valleys (Loreto) 4
83-NAB-b Pahenbaquebo+
Capanawa
transition to Panoan-CE. Tapiche valley Buncuya valley (Loreto) 2
83-NAB-ba capa-nawa capa-nahua, kapa-nawa separate identity from [83] Capa-nawa-2 to
be confirmed
(Loreto) 2
83-NAB-bb pahenbaque-bo pahenbaque (Loreto)
83-NAC SHIPIBO+ MARBO
net
83-NAC-a Shipibo+ Pichobo "wider" shipi Ucayali middle valley Peru (Loreto) 4
83-NAC-aa shipi-bo shipi (Loreto)
83-NAC-ab coni-bo coni, koni-bo, coni-ba (Loreto)
83-NAC-ac pisqui-bo pisqui (Loreto)
83-NAC-ad shete-bo shete, sete-bo, seti-bo, xiti-bo (Loreto)
83-NAC-ae manoita (Loreto)
83-NAC-af isco-nawa isco-nahua, isco-baque-bu Callaria valley (Loreto) 1
83-NAC-ag picho-bo picho, picho-bu Tahuania valley (Loreto) 0
83-NAC-ah saboi-bo saboi Tahuania valley (Loreto)
83-NAC-b Capanawa Canchyuaya hills Peru (Loreto) 3
83-NAC-ba capa-nawa-2 capa-nahua 2 separate identity from [83] Capa-Nawa (in
Pahenbaquebo+ Capanawa net) to be confirmed
(Loreto) 3
83-NAC-c Marbo+ Corubo Curu+ Ipixuna+ Javar headwaters Brazil (Amazonas) 2
83-NAC-ca mar-bo mar, maruba, marova (Amazonas)
83-NAC-cb coru-bo koru (Amazonas)
83-NAC-d Waninnawa+
Sanainawa*
Catucina, katukina, catuquna-juru Gregrio valley Brazil (Amazonas; Acre) 3
83-NAC-da wanin-nawa (Amazonas and/or Acre)
83-NAC-db kaman-nawa kaman-naua, kama-nawa 2 (Amazonas and/or Acre)
83-NAC-dc arara-shawa-nawa shawa-nawa-arara (Amazonas and/or Acre)
83-NAC-dd arara-wa (Amazonas and/or Acre)
83-NAC-de arara-pina (Amazonas and/or Acre)
83-NAC-df sanai-nawa sanai-nawa-cana (Amazonas and/or Acre)
83-NAC-e Remo between Tapiche & Calleria valleys Moa headwaters Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre) 0
83-NAC-ea remo rheno (Loreto); (Acre)
83-NAD PANABO net
83-NAD-a Panobo Ucayali middle valley Peru (Loreto) 0
83-NAD-aa pano-bo pana, pano, huaria-pano, waria-pano, manoa, pelado (Loreto)

1999 / 2000 edition
83-NAE PUINAWA+
MORUNAWA* net
83-NAE-a Puinawa+
Yahuanawa
Brazil (Amazonas; Acre); also Peru
3
83-NAE-aa xipi-nawa xipi-nwa, xipi-nahua (Amazonas; Acre) 0
83-NAE-ab pui-nawa poya-nwa, pui-nahua, poia-nua, pui-nahuam Jum tributary: Ma
valley
(Acre) 2
83-NAE-ac yahua-nawa yawa-nawa, iaua-naua, jawa-naua, yahua-nahua (Acre) 2
83-NAE-b Parquenawa+
Kamanawa
Peru (Ucayali; Madre de Dios);
Brazil (Acre)
3
83-NAE-ba parque-nawa parque-nahua, manu-park-panoan, nahua Panagua valley: Madre de
Dios
Peru+ Brazil frontier
83-NAE-bb tushi-nawa tushi-nahua Peru+ Brazil frontier
83-NAE-bc kama-nawa kama-nahua Peru+ Brazil frontier
83-NAE-c Morunawa+
Paconawa
Envira, Embira headwaters Peru (Ucayali); Brazil (Acre) 2
83-NAE-ca moru-nawa moro-nawa, moru-nahua Peru
83-NAE-cb horu-nawa horu-nahua, horu-dahua, fore-dafa Peru
83-NAE-cc paco-nawa paco-nahua Curanja+ Purus valleys Peru
83-NAF CASHINAWA+
YAMINAWA net
83-NAF-a Amawaca+ Inuvaceu Sepahua valley Curiuja valley Ucayali upper valley Inuya
valley Mapuya valley Purus valley
Peru (Ucayali; Cuzco; Madre de
Dios); Brazil (Acre)
3
83-NAF-aa ama-waca ama-huaka, ama-wka, ama-guaco, amue-haque, amen-guaca Peru
83-NAF-ab sa-yaco sa-yako, sa-yacu Peru
83-NAF-ac inu-vaceu Peru
83-NAF-ad viwi-vaceu Peru
83-NAF-b Cashinawa+
Sheminawa*
kashi-nahua, kaxi-naw, kaxy-nawa, kaxi-nau, caxi-naw Curanja
Purus valleys
Peru; Brazil (Amazonas) 3
83-NAF-ba cashi-nawa cashi-nahua, kashi-nahua, kaxi-naw, kaxy-nawa, kaxi-nau, caxi-
naw
Peru
83-NAF-bb nukuini Peru
83-NAF-bc neha-nawa Peru
83-NAF-bd shemi-nawa shemi-nahua Peru
83-NAF-c Sharanawa+
Chandinawa
Purus upper drainage Envira, Embira upper drainage Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre) 3
83-NAF-ca shara-nawa shara-nahua Peru
83-NAF-cb mari-nawa mari-nwa, mari-nahua Peru
83-NAF-cc chandi-nawa chandi-nahua Peru
83-NAF-d Yaminawa+
Shaonawa
Huacapishtea Mapuya valleys Peru (Madre de Dios); also Brazil;
and migration> Bolivia (Pando)
3
83-NAF-da yami-nawa jami-naw, yami-nahua, yumi-nahua, yama-nawa Peru
83-NAF-db masta-nawa masta-nahua Peru
83-NAF-dc masro-nawa masro-dawa, masro-nahua Peru
83-NAF-dd cujareo* Peru
83-NAF-de nishi-nawa nishi-dawa, nishi-nahua Peru
83-NAF-df chito-nawa chito-dawa, citto-nahua Peru
83-NAF-dg shao-nawa shao-dawa, shahua-nahua, shao-nahua Peru
83-NAG ATSAWACA+
YAMIACA net

83-NAG-a Atsawaca+ Yamiaca 20 speakers in 1904 Tambopata tributary: Carama valley
Inambari tributary: Chaspa valley
Peru (Madre de Dios) 0
83-NAG-aa atsa-waca atsa-huaca (Madre de Dios)
83-NAG-ab yam-iaca (Madre de Dios)
83-NB MATSS+
MAYORUNA chain
83-NBA MATSS+
MAYORUNA net
83-NBA-a Matss+ Mayoruna matse, mats +a possible fusion of related idioms spoken by refugee
groups near Tapiche headwaters
Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre;
Amazonas)
3
83-NBA-aa matss Peru 3
83-NBA-ab mayoruna majoruna, maxuruna, majuruna, mayiruna, maxirona, magirona,
mayuzuna
Peru
83-NC CASHARAR chain
83-NCA CASHARAR net
83-NCA-a Casharar Jurua valley Purus valley Brazil (Amazonas) 2
83-NCA-aa cashar-ar kashar-ari (Amazonas) 2

83-ND CULINO chain
83-NDA CULINO net
83-NDA-a Culino near Peru frontier apparently distinct from [87] Kulina (Kulino) in
same geographic area
Brazil (Amazonas) 0
83-NDA-aa culino (Amazonas) 0
83-NE XANINAWA chain
83-NEA XANINAWA net
83-NEA-a Xaninawa shani-nawa Brazil (Acre) 0*
83-NEA-aa xani-nawa (Acre) 0*
83-NF INUBU+
MANANAWA* chain
SENSI
83-NFA INUBU+
MANANAWA net

83-NFA-a Inubu+ Mananawa senti, tenti Ucayali right-bank Peru (Loreto) 0
83-NFA-aa inu-bu inu, ynu-bu (Loreto)
83-NFA-ab runu-bu runu (Loreto)
83-NFA-ac casca (Loreto)
83-NFA-ad mana-nawa mana-nahua (Loreto)
83-NG JUANAWO+
CHCOBO chain
"panoan"-S.
83-NGA PACAHUARA net
83-NGA-a Pacahuara Bolivia (Pando; El Beni); also
Brazil
2
83-NGA-aa paca-huara paca-wara Bolivia (Pando; El Beni) 1*
83-NGB CHCOBO net
83-NGB-a Chcobo Bolivia (El Beni) 2
83-NGB-aa chco-bo (El Beni) 2
83-NGC JAUNAWO+
PAMANA net
CARIPUNA
83-NGC-a Jaunawo+ Pamana karipuna, caripun-do-guapor, caripun-de-rondnia distinct from
[88] Karipuna-Paran Jaru valley Jamery valley Urupa valley
Cabecciras valley Candeias valley
Brazil (Rondnia) 1*
83-NGC-aa jau-nawo jua-nauo, jua-navo (Rondnia)
83-NGC-ab jacaria (Rondnia)
83-NGC-ac pama-na pama (Rondnia)
83-O CHAPACURA+
TOR* set
CHAPACURAN, chapacurano
83-OA TOR chain "chapacuran"-N.
83-OAA TOR net
83-OAA-a Tor Marmelos lower valley Brazil (Amazonas) 1
83-OAA-aa tor toraz 17 speakers in 1980's Brazil (Amazonas) 1
83-OB ITENE+ WANYAM
chain
"chapacuran"-C.
83-OBA ITENE+
ITOREAUHIP net
83-OBA-a Itene+ Itoreauhip more, guarayo Mamor+ Itenez confluence nearly extinct Bolivia (El Beni) 1*
83-OBA-aa itene iten, iteneo, itenez (El Beni)
83-OBA-ab itoreauhip (El Beni)
83-OBB WANHAM+
ABITANA* net
83-OBB-a Wanham+ Cujuna nearly extinct Bolivia (Rondnia) 1*
83-OBB-aa wanham wanyam (Rondnia)
83-OBB-ab pawumwa (Rondnia)
83-OBB-ac cujuna cuijuna (Rondnia)
83-OBB-ad mataua matama (Rondnia)
83-OBB-ae urunumacan (Rondnia)
83-OBB-b Abitana+ Cumana Bolivia (Rondnia) 1*
83-OBB-ba abitana (Rondnia)
83-OBB-bb cumana (Rondnia)
83-OBB-bc cutinaa (Rondnia)
83-OBB-c Cabix* Planalto dos Parecs slopes perhaps extinct Brazil (Mato-Grosso) 1*
83-OBB-ca cabix kabix, cabich, cabishi distinct from [86] Cabixi (Mato Grosso) 1*
83-OBC CHAPACURA+
JAR net
"chapacuran"-S.
83-OBC-a Jar+ Urup Brazil (Rondnia) 2
83-OBC-aa urup (Rondnia)
83-OBC-ab jar (Rondnia)

1999 / 2000 edition
83-OBC-b Orowari+ Uomo Brazil (Rondnia) 3
83-OBC-ba oro-wari pakas-novos, pacas-novos, paka-nova, pacaha-novo Pacas
Novos hills
(Rondnia)
83-OBC-bb uomo (Rondnia)
83-OBC-c Quitemoca+ Napeca Bolivia (Santa Cruz) 0
83-OBC-ca quitemo-ca kitemo, kitemo-ca (Santa Cruz) 0
83-OBC-cb nape-ca (Santa Cruz) 0
83-OBC-d Chapacura+ Huachir Bolivia (Santa Cruz) 0
83-OBC-da chapacura txapacura, txapakura, tapacura (Santa Cruz) 0
83-OBC-db huachir (Santa Cruz) 0
83-P ITONAMA+
SARAMO* set
83-PA ITONAMA+
SARAMO chain
83-PAA ITONAMA+
SARAMO net
83-PAA-a Itonama+ Saramo Itonomas valley perhaps extinct Bolivia (El Beni) 1*
83-PAA-aa itonama (El Beni)
83-PAA-ab machoto (El Beni)
83-PAA-ac saramo (El Beni)
83-Q CAYUBABA set
83-QA CAYUBABA chain
83-QAA CAYUBABA net
83-QAA-a Cayubaba nearly extinct north of Santa Ana Bolivia (El Beni) 1*
83-QAA-aa cayubaba cayuwaba, cayuvava (El Beni) 1*
83-R BAGUAJA+ ISIAMA
set
TAKANAN, part of pano-takanan
83-RA BAGUAJA+
TOROMONA chain
'chama'
83-RAA BAGUAJA+
HUANAYO net
83-RAA-a Baguaja+ Huanayo Ese'eha, ese-ejja, ese-eja, ese-exa, tiatinagua, chama Madre de
Dios upper valley Tambopata valley Heath valley Madidi valley
Peru (Madre de Dios; Punu);
Bolivia (La Paz)
3
83-RAA-aa bagua-ja bagua-jairi Peru
83-RAA-ab mohino Peru
83-RAA-ac chun-cho Peru
83-RAA-ad echo-ja Peru
83-RAA-ae guara-yo huara-yo, tambopata-guarayo Peru
83-RAA-af huana-yo Peru
83-RAA-ag quinaqui kinaki Peru
83-RAB TOROMONA net
83-RAB-a Toromona Bolivia (Pando ) 0
83-RAB-aa toromo-na turamo-na, toromono (Pando ) 0
83-RB CAVINEA chain
83-RBA CAVINEA net
83-RBA-a Cavinea including many extinct unlisted idioms Beni lower valley
(formerly) Madre de Dios valley
Bolivia (Pando; El Beni) 3
83-RBA-aa cavinea cavinenyo, kavineo, kavinya (Pando; El Beni) 3
83-RC ISIAMA+ ARAONA
chain
83-RCA ARAONA+
CAPECHENE net
83-RCA-a Araona+ Capechene Manupari valley Bolivia (Pando); also Brazil (Acre)
2
83-RCA-aa arao-na language of moiety "1" Bolivia
83-RCA-ab cavi-na* kavi-na, kavi-nya, cari-na, kari-na language of moiety "2" possible
relationship with neighbouring [83] Cavinenya to be investigated
Bolivia
83-RCA-ac capeche-ne kapache-ne Bolivia
83-RCA-ad mabenaro Bolivia
83-RCB ISIAMA+
TUMAPASA net
TACANA
83-RCB-a Isiama+ Tumapasa* taca-na, tuca-na, taka-na including many extinct or near-extinct
languages or dialects, listed alphabetically north of Bala hills
Bolivia (La Paz) 3
83-RCB-aa ayaychu-na (La Paz)
83-RCB-ab babaya-na (La Paz)
83-RCB-ac chiliuvo (La Paz)
83-RCB-ad chiva-mo-na (La Paz)

83-RCB-ae idia-ma (La Paz)
83-RCB-af isia-ma ixia-ma, isia-na Ixiamas (La Paz)
83-RCB-ag pamai-no (La Paz)
83-RCB-ah pasara-mo-na (La Paz)
83-RCB-ai sapuru-na (La Paz)
83-RCB-aj silia-ma (La Paz)
83-RCB-ak tumapasa tumupasa, maracani Tumupasa (La Paz)
83-RCB-al uchupia-mo-na (La Paz)
83-RCB-am yabaypura (La Paz)
83-RCB-an yubamo-na (La Paz)
83-RCC REYESANO+ 'SAN-
BORJANO' net
83-RCC-a Reyesano+ 'San-
Borjano'
reyesan Bala hills>E. Bolivia (El Beni) 3
83-RCC-aa reyesano Reyes (El Beni)
83-RCC-ab 'san-borjano' San Borja (El Beni) 3*
83-S MOSETEN+
TSIMAN set
part of moseten+ chon
83-SA MOSETEN+
TSIMAN chain
83-SAA MOSETEN+
TSIMAN net
83-SAA-a Moseten+ Tsiman Santa Miguel de Huachi Santa Ana de Alto Beni Bolivia (El Beni) 3
83-SAA-aa tsiman chimane, chumano Bolivia (El Beni) 3
83-SAA-ab moseten Bolivia (El Beni) 2
83-T TEHUELCHE+ ONA
set
CHON, part of moseten+ chon
83-TA TEHUELCHE+
TSNEKA chain
83-TAA TEHUELCHE+
TSNEKA net
83-TAA-a Tehuelche+
Tsneka
aoniken, gunua-kena, gununa-kena, inaquen originally Chile; migration>
Argentina (Patagonia: Chubut;
Santa Cruz)
1
83-TAA-aa tewesh Argentina
83-TAA-ab tehuelche-S. distinct from [85] Gna-Kne (Tehuelche-N.) Argentina
83-TAA-ac tsneka Argentina
83-TB ONA+ HAUSH chain "island" chon
83-TBA ONA net
83-TBA-a Ona Tierra del Fuego island Argentina (Patagonia); Chile
(Magallanes)
0
83-TBA-aa ona aona, selknam, shelknam, shilknam, shillkanen (Patagonia: Tierra del Fuego);
(Magallanes: Tierra del Fuego)
0
83-TBB HAUSH net
83-TBB-a Haush Tierra del Fuego island Argentina (Patagonia) 0
83-TBB-aa haush (Patagonia) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
84= ANDES geozone
covers the "Andes" reference area, composed of sets not
(= 28 outer languages) spoken by communities in South
America along the Andes ranges from Colombia to Bolivia
(extending into Brazil and Argentina):
84-A CANYARI+ MOCHICA 84-B SEC+ TALLN
84-C CATACAO+ COLN 84-D CHOLN+ HIBITO
84-E CULYI 84-F QUECHUA+ QUICHWA
84-G HUACHIPAERI+ AMARACAERI 84-H LAPACHU
84-I LECO 84-J AYMARA+ JAQARU
84-K PUQUINA 84-L CALLAHUAYA*
84-M URU+ CHIPAYA
Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil;
Colombia; Ecuador; Peru
6
84-A CANYARI+
MOCHICA set
CHIMUAN, chimuano
84-AA CANYARI+
MOCHICA chain

84-AAA CANYARI+
PURUW net

84-AAA-a Puruw Ecuador (Chimborazo; Bolvar) 0
84-AAA-aa puruw (Chimborazo; Bolvar) 0
84-AAA-b Canyari Ecuador (Caar; Azuay) 0
84-AAA-ba canyari kanyari (Caar; Azuay) 0
84-AAB MOCHICA net
84-AAB-a Mochica Peru (Lambayeque; La Libertad) 0
84-AAB-aa mochica (Lambayeque; La Libertad) 0
84-B SEC+ TALLN set SECHURA, part of sec+ catacao grouping
84-BA SEC+ TALLN chain
84-BAA SEC+ TALLN net
84-BAA-a Sec+ Talln sechura Sechura bay Peru (Piura) 0
84-BAA-aa sec sek (Piura) 0
84-BAA-ab talln talyn (Piura) 0
84-C CATACAO+ COLN
set
"catacaoan", catacaoano, part of sec+ catacao grouping
84-CA CATACAO+ COLN
chain

84-CAA CATACAO net
84-CAA-a Catacao Piura valley: Catacaos Peru (Piura) 0
84-CAA-aa catacao katakao (Piura) 0
84-CAB COLN net
84-CAB-a Coln Peru (Piura) 0
84-CAB-aa coln koln Peru (Piura) 0
84-D CHOLN+ HIBITO
set
"cholonan"
84-DA HIBITO chain
84-DAA HIBITO net
84-DAA-a Hibito Huallaga middle valley Peru (San Martn) 0
84-DAA-aa hibito jibito, chibito, zibito, ibito, xibita, xibito Huallaga middle valley (San Martn) 0
84-DB CHOLN chain
84-DBA CHOLN net
84-DBA-a Choln Huallaga upper valley: Tingo Mara Valle Peru (Hunuco) 1*
84-DBA-aa choln tinganeses, seeptsa Peru (Hunuco) 1*
84-E CULYI set
84-EA CULYI chain
84-EAA CULYI net
84-EAA-a Culyi Huaylas Peru (La Libertad) 0
84-EAA-aa culyi kulyi, culli, culle, linga (La Libertad) 0

84-F QUECHUA+
QUICHWA set
kechua+ kichwa
84-FA QUECHUA+
QUICHWA chain
84-FAA QUECHUA+
QUICHWA net
quichua, quichwa, kichwa, kichuwa, originally qheswa, qheshwa-simi;
"quechuan", "kichuan", runa-simi, 'modern inca' #variant forms
quechua (centre & south) and quichwa, quichua, kichwa, kichuwa
(north) are derived from qheswa> qheshwa-simi =valley> valley-
speech; runa-simi =human-speech
84-FAA-a Inga "colombian" quichua, part of "peripheral" quechua-N. Colombia (Nario; Putumayo) 4
84-FAA-aa sibundoy "highland" inga, "highland" quichua-N. Sibundoy valley (Nario) 3
84-FAA-aaa 'santiago' "santiag" inga Santiago (Nario)
84-FAA-aab 'san-andrs' "san-andrs" inga San Andrs (Nario)
84-FAA-aac aponte 'aponte' inga Coln (Nario)
84-FAA-ab caquet "lowland" inga, "jungle" inga, ingano-N., "upper" putomayo Caquet
upper river Putomayo upper river
(Putomayo; Caqueta) 3
84-FAA-aba yunguillo+ condagua (Putomayo and/or Caqueta)
84-FAA-abb guayuyaco (Putomayo and/or Caqueta)
84-FAA-abc mocoa* (Putomayo and/or Caqueta)
84-FAA-b Ingano "lowland" quichua, "jungle" quichua, yumbo, alama, ingana, inga-S.,
quichua-E., in [51] Espaol: quichua oriente, part of "peripheral"
quechua-N. Amazon upper left-bank tributaries: Putumayo middle
valley Pastaza valley
Colombia (Amazonas); Ecuador
(Napo; Pastaza; Morona
Santiago); Peru (Loreto)
6
84-FAA-ba quixo kicho, quijo Colombia (Amazonas); Ecuador
(Napo); Peru (Loreto; also
transported to Madre de Dios)
4
84-FAA-baa putumayo-M. Putumayo middle valley (Amazonas); (Napo)
84-FAA-bab napo-M. Napo middle valley (Napo); (Loreto)
84-FAA-bac santarosino Napo lower valley: Santa Rosa (Loreto)
84-FAA-bad madre-de-dios San Lorenzo environs (Madre de Dios)
84-FAA-bb pastaza-N. Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza), Peru
(Loreto)
3
84-FAA-bba tena shandia Napo upper valley: Tena (Napo)
84-FAA-bbb bobonaza Bobonaza valley (Pastaza)
84-FAA-bbc pastaza-M. Pastaza middle valley (Pastaza)
84-FAA-bbd tigre Tigre valley (Loreto)
84-FAA-bc pastaza-S. Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza), Peru
(Loreto)
3
84-FAA-bca anatico Anatico lake
84-FAA-bcb huasaga Huasaga valley
84-FAA-bcc pastaza Pastaza lower valley
84-FAA-bcd urituyacu Urituyacu valley
84-FAA-c Quichua-Altiplano "highland" quichua-CS., in [51] Espaol: quichua del altiplano, part of
"peripheral" Quechua-N. +representing a probable overlay of "pre-
incan" Quechua by the northward expansion of "incan" Quechua in the
15th century Andes mountains & high plateaux: Otavalo Loja
#quichua del altiplano =quichua of the plateau
Ecuador (Imbabura; Pichincha;
Cotopaxi; Bolvar; Tungurahua;
Chimborazo; Caar; Azuay; Loja)
6
84-FAA-ca imbabura otavalo, "highland" quichua-CN. Sierra de Otavalo highlands (Imbabura) 5
84-FAA-cb pichincha "highland" quichua-C. (Pichincha) 4
84-FAA-cba cayembe Cayembe
84-FAA-cbb caldern Caldern
84-FAA-cc chimborazo "highland" quichua-CS., "standard" ecuador quichua Sierra de
Chimborazo highlands
(Cotopaxi; Bolvar; Tungurahua;
Chimborazo)
6
84-FAA-cca cotopaxi (Cotopaxi)
84-FAA-ccb bolvar (Bolvar)
84-FAA-ccc ambato Ambato environs (Tunguruhua)
84-FAA-ccd riobamba chimborazo "proper" Riobamba environs (Chimborazo)
84-FAA-cd salasaca tunguruhua, "highland" quichua-CE. Salasaca environs with
dialects to be identified
(Tunguruhua) 3
84-FAA-ce cuenca "highland" quichua-S. Sierra de Cuenca (Caar; Azuay; Loja) 4
84-FAA-cea caar (Caar)
84-FAA-ceb azuay (Azuay)
84-FAA-cec saraguro Saraguro environs (Loja)
84-FAA-ced loja Loja environs (Loja)

1999 / 2000 edition
84-FAA-d Quechua-W. "peruvian" quechua-NW., part of "peripheral" quechua-N. Peru (Lambayeque) 4
84-FAA-da lambayeque Lambayeque coastal plain Andes western slopes (Lambayeque) 4
84-FAA-daa incahuasi Incahuasi district (Lambayeque)
84-FAA-dab caaris Caaris district (Lambayeque)
84-FAA-dac miracosta Miracosta district (Lambayeque)
84-FAA-dad penach Penach (Lambayeque)
84-FAA-dae santa-luca Santa Luca (Lambayeque)
84-FAA-daf ferraafe Ferraafe (Lambayeque)
84-FAA-db cajamarca+ chetilla Andes western slopes Peru (Cajamarca) 4
84-FAA-dba cajamarca Cajamarca (Cajamarca)
84-FAA-dbb chetilla (Cajamarca)
84-FAA-dbc los-baos Los Baos (Cajamarca)
84-FAA-dc chachapoyas Andes eastern slopes: Chachapoyas district Peru (Amazonas) 3
84-FAA-dca chachapoyas-W. Lamud (Amazonas)
84-FAA-dcb chachapoyas-E. Mendoza (Amazonas)
84-FAA-dcc chachapoyas-S. La Jalca (Amazonas)
84-FAA-dd lamista quechua-"san-martn" further dialects to be identified Andes
eastern slopes
Peru (San Martn; Ucayali) 4
84-FAA-dda lama lamista "proper", lamano, lamisto, lamas Lamas (San Martn)
84-FAA-ddb sisa San Jos de Sisa (San Martn)
84-FAA-ddc ucayali Ucayali valley (Ucayali)
84-FAA-ddd motiln (Ucayali)
84-FAA-e Chinchaysuyo quechua-chinchaysuyo Andes western slopes Peru (Ancash) 5
84-FAA-ea ancash-N. (Ancash)
84-FAA-eaa corongo Corongo district (Ancash)
84-FAA-eab sihuas Sihuas district (Ancash)
84-FAA-eb ancash-C. (Ancash)
84-FAA-eba yungay Yungay district (Ancash)
84-FAA-ebb huaraz Huaraz district (Ancash)
84-FAA-ebc huailas Huaylas district (Ancash)
84-FAA-f Quechua-C. at the geographical centre of the Quechua+ Quichua net Peru (Ancash; Lima; Hunuco;
Pasco)
5
84-FAA-fa ancash-E. Andes western slopes Peru (Ancash) 5
84-FAA-faa conchucos ancash-CE. Conchucos (Ancash)
84-FAA-fab chiquin ancash-SE. Chiquin (Ancash)
84-FAA-fb lima-N. Andes western slopes Peru (Lima) 4
84-FAA-fba cajatambo Cajatambo (Lima)
84-FAA-fbb oyn Oyn (Lima)
84-FAA-fbc pacaraos (Lima)
84-FAA-fc hunuco Peru (Hunuco; Lima) 5
84-FAA-fca maraon Maraon headwaters (Hunuco)
84-FAA-fcb humales (Hunuco)
84-FAA-fcc monzn Monzn (Hunuco)
84-FAA-fcd huallaga Huallaga upper valley (Hunuco)
84-FAA-fce 'dos-de-mayo' Dos de Mayo (Hunuco)
84-FAA-fcf margos-chauln Margos-Chauln (Hunuco)
84-FAA-fcg panao quechua-pachitea, pachitea (Lima)
84-FAA-fd ambo-pasco Peru (Hunuco; Pasco) 3
84-FAA-fda ambo hunuco-S. (Hunuco)
84-FAA-fdb huariaca pasco-CW. Huallaga upper valley (Pasco)
84-FAA-fe pasco "high" pasco in an area of considerable linguistic complexity, with
further idioms to be identified Andes high valleys and slopes
Peru (Pasco) 4
84-FAA-fea tusi Santa Ana de Tusi (Pasco)
84-FAA-feb yanahuanca Yanahuanca (Pasco)
84-FAA-ff junn+ tarma Peru (Junn) 4
84-FAA-ffa junn Junn (Junn-NW.)
84-FAA-ffb tarma 2 dialects Tarma (Junn-NW.)
84-FAA-fg huanca wanka Peru (Junn)
84-FAA-fga jauja shausha-wanka, junn-C. Mantaro valley: Jauja (Junn-W.)
84-FAA-fgb huaycha waycha, huanca, huancayo-C. Huancayo (Junn-SW.)
84-FAA-fgc huaylla-W. waylla-W. (Junn)
84-FAA-fgd huaylla-E. waylla-E. (Junn)

84-FAA-g Yauyos* in an area of high linguistic complexity, with further languages and/or
dialects to be identified; position within Quechua+ Quichua net to be
clarified Andes western slopes: Yauyos environs
Peru (Lima) 4
84-FAA-ga huacarpana San Pedro de Huacarpana (Lima)
84-FAA-gb apur Apur (Lima)
84-FAA-gc maden+ viac (Lima)
84-FAA-gca maden (Lima)
84-FAA-gcb viac Viac (Lima)
84-FAA-gd huangscar+
azngaro
(Lima; also Ica)
84-FAA-gda huangscar-A. Huangscar (Lima)
84-FAA-gdb chocos Chocos (Lima)
84-FAA-gdc azngaro Azngaro (Ica border)
84-FAA-ge cacra+ hongos (Lima)
84-FAA-gea cacra (Lima)
84-FAA-geb hongos (Lima)
84-FAA-gf tana+ lincha (Lima)
84-FAA-gfa tana (Lima)
84-FAA-gfb lincha (Lima)
84-FAA-gg toms+ alis (Lima)
84-FAA-gga toms (Lima)
84-FAA-ggb alis (Lima)
84-FAA-gh huancaya+ vitis (Lima)
84-FAA-gha huancaya (Lima)
84-FAA-ghb vitis (Lima)
84-FAA-h Quechua-S. "peripheral" quechua-S. Peru; Bolivia 6
84-FAA-ha ayucucho+
apurimac
chanka dialects to be clarified Andes mountains: Mantaro valley
Ayucucho highlands
Peru (Huancavelica; Ayucucho;
Apurimac)
6
84-FAA-haa huancavelica (Huancavelica)
84-FAA-hab ayucucho (Ayucucho)
84-FAA-hac andahuaylas apurimac-N. (Apurimac)
84-FAA-had apurimac (Apurimac)
84-FAA-hb arequipa Andes western slopes Peru (Arequipa) 4
84-FAA-hba cotahuasi arequipa-NW. Cotahusi environs (Arequipa)
84-FAA-hbb arequipa-C. (Arequipa)
84-FAA-hbc arequipa-NE. "highland" arequipa (Arequipa)
84-FAA-hc cuzco+ puno "imperial" quechua-N. Andes highlands: Vilcanota valley Titicaca
lake
( )Peru (Cuzco; Puno) 6
84-FAA-hca cuzco Urubamba Cuzco Sicuani (Cuzco)
84-FAA-hcb puno +influenced by [84] Aymara Ayaviri (Puno)
84-FAA-hd apolo+ sandia la-paz-N., quechua-bolivia-N. Andes eastern slopes Peru (Punu); Bolivia (La Paz) 5
84-FAA-hda sandia Sandia (Punu)
84-FAA-hdb apolo Apolo (La Paz)
84-FAA-hdc charazani (Punu and/or La Paz)
84-FAA-hdd chuma Chuma (La Paz)
84-FAA-he potos+ sucre quechua-bolivia-S. Andes highlands & eastern slopes Bolivia (Oruro; Potos;
Cochabamba; Chuquisaca; also La
Paz; Santa Cruz); also migration>
Argentina (Salta; Buenos Aires)
6
84-FAA-hea oruro Poopo-N. lake: Oruro (Oruro)
84-FAA-heb potos Potos (Potos)
84-FAA-hec cochabamba Cochabamba (Cochabamba)
84-FAA-hed sucre Sucre (Chuquisaca)
84-FAA-hf jujuy+ 'antofagasta' colla, puna Bolivia frontier Puna de Atacama highlands Argentina (Jujuy; Salta); also Chile
(Antofagasta)
84-FAA-hfa jujuy (Jujuy; Salta) 4
84-FAA-hfb 'antofagasta' (Antofagasta) 0*
84-FAA-hg santiagueno Chaco plains Argentina (Santiago del Estero;
also Salta)
4

1999 / 2000 edition
84-G HUACHIPAERI+
AMARACAERI set
"WIDER"-TUYONERI, disputed part of "wider" arawakan hypothesis
84-GA HUACHIPAERI+
AMARACAERI chain
84-GAA HUACHIPAERI+
AMARACAERI net
"wider" amaraka, 'masco', 'mashco'
84-GAA-a Huachipaeri+
Puquirieri
harakmbet Madre de Dios valley Keros valley Colorado valley Peru (Cuzco, Madre de Dios) 2*
84-GAA-aa huachipa-eri huachipa-ire, wacipa-ire Peru 2*
84-GAA-ab kochimb-eri Peru
84-GAA-ac manuqui-ari Peru 1
84-GAA-ad puquiri-eri pukiri-eri Peru 1
84-GAA-b Amaracaeri+
Karenteri
Madre de Dios valley Colorado valley Peru (Cuzco; Madre de Dios) 2
84-GAA-ba amaraca-eri amaraka-eri "proper", amaraka-ire, amaraca-ire Peru 2
84-GAA-bb tuyon-eri toyo-eri, tuyun-eri, tuyon-eri "proper" classification to be confirmed Peru
84-GAA-bc kisamba-eri Peru
84-GAA-bd sapit-eri Peru
84-GAA-be ipitin-eri* Peru
84-GAA-bf kpondirid-eri kipondirid-eri Peru
84-GAA-bg wintap-eri Peru
84-GAA-bh wakitan-eri Peru
84-GAA-bi karent-eri karen-eri Peru
84-GAA-c Arasa-iri* classification to be confirmed Peru 1
84-GAA-ca arasa-iri* araza-ire, aratsa-ira, arasa Peru
84-H LAPACHU set part of "wider" arawakan hypothesis
84-HA LAPACHU chain
84-HAA LAPACHU net
84-HAA-a Lapachu Apolo environs Peru (La Paz) 0
84-HAA-aa lapachu apolista Peru (La Paz) 0
84-I LECO set
84-IA LECO chain
84-IAA LECO net
84-IAA-a Leco perhaps extinct mountains near Apolo Bolivia (La Paz) 1*
84-IAA-aa leco lapalapa, leko, ateniano (La Paz) 1*
84-J AYMARA+ JAQARU
set
jaqui, haki
84-JA AYMARA+ JAQARU
chain
84-JAA JAQARU+ CAUQUI
net
84-JAA-a Jaqaru+ Cauqui hakaru+ kauki Yauyos Tupe Peru (Lima) 3
84-JAA-aa jaqaru haqaru, haqearu, haq'aru, hakaru, akaro, hakearu (Lima)
84-JAA-ab cauqui kawki, cachuy, chauqui, kauki, kauke (Lima)
84-JAB AYMARA net
84-JAB-a Aymara aimara northwest and southeast of Titicaca lake> NW.& SE. +area
progressively reduced since 15th cent. by advance of [84] Quechua
from both directions
Peru (Puno; Moquegua; Tacna;
formerly Cuzco; Apurimac );
Bolivia (La Paz; Oruro; originally
also Potosi ); Chile (Tarapac;
Antofagasta); also Bolivian migrant
workers> Argentina
6
84-JAB-aa aymara-C. "central" aymara (Puno); (La Paz) 6
84-JAB-aaa lupaca lupaka, lupacca, "literary" aymara Peru; Bolivia
84-JAB-aab titicaca-N. Titicaca-N. lake (Puno)
84-JAB-aac pakase pakaze La Paz (La Paz)
84-JAB-aad caranga karanga, karanka, oruro Oruro (Oruro)
84-JAB-aae tarapac (Tarapac)
84-JAB-aaf quillagua kilagua, kilaka, quillacas Quillagua (Antofagasta)
84-JAB-ab aymara-S. (Moquegua; Tacna) 4
84-JAB-aba moquegua Moquegua (Moquegua)
84-JAB-abb tacna Tacna (Tacna)
84-K PUQUINA set
84-KA PUQUINA chain
84-KAA PUQUINA net
84-KAA-a Puquina Pichu Pichu peak>S.: Puquina formerly Peru (Moquegua); also
Bolivia
0
84-KAA-aa puquina pukina (Moquegua) 0

84-L CALLAHUAYA*
notional set
notional classification, pending further information
84-LA CALLAHUAYA chain
84-LAA CALLAHUAYA net
84-LAA-a Callahuaya callawalla, kallawaya, qualyawaya, pohena Andes highlands north of
La Paz
Bolivia (La Paz) 1
84-LAA-aa callahuaya callawalla secret language of male herbal doctors related to [84]
Quechua and/or [84] Aymara and perhaps to [84] Pukina
(La Paz) 1
84-M URU+ CHIPAYA set
84-MA URU+ CHIPAYA
chain
84-MAA URU+ CHIPAYA net
84-MAA-a Uru kotsuny Uru-Uru+ Poop lakes Bolivia (Oruro) 1*
84-MAA-aa uru kotsuny (Oruro) 1*
84-MAA-b Chipaya north of Coipasa lake Bolivia (Oruro) 3*
84-MAA-ba chipaya (Oruro) 3*

1999 / 2000 edition
85= CHACO-CONE
geozone
covers the "Chaco+ Cone" reference area, composed of sets
southern South America, from the Chaco region to Tierra del
Fuego island:
85-A WICH + YOFAHA 85-B AYOREO+ EBITOSO
85-C MASKOY+ PAYAGU 85-D LULE+ VILELA*
85-E KADIWU+ NAMQOM 85-F CUNZA
85-G MAPUDUNGUN 85-H GNAKNE
85-I QAWASQAR+ CACAHUE 85-J YAMANA
Argentina; Bolivia; Chile;
Paraguay; Uruguay
5
85-A WICH + YOFAHA
set
"matakoan", mataco-mataguayo, mataco-guaicuru
85-AA WICH chain
85-AAA WICH net
85-AAA-a Wich wich-lhamts, matako, mataco, weshwo, including "female" mataco.
"male" mataco (with differences in pronouns) #lhamts=language
between Pilcomayo & Bermejo rivers and westwards
Bolivia (Tarija); Argentina (Jujuy;
Salta; Formosa; Chaco)
4
85-AAA-aa noctn wich-lhamtes-noctn, mataco-nocten, noctenes, nokten, oktenai,
matako-N. Tartagal northwards
Bolivia (Tarija); Argentina (Salta) 3
85-AAA-ab vejoz wich-lhamtes-vejoz, mataco-vejoz, vejos, vejo, matako-W., including
bermejo-vejoz mainly Toba westwards
Bolivia (Tarija); Argentina (Jujuy;
Salta; Formosa; Chaco)
4
85-AAA-aba bermejo-vejoz Bermejo river Bolivia; Argentina
85-AAA-abb pilcomayo-vejoz Pilcomayo river Bolivia; Argentina
85-AAA-ac gisnay wich-lhamtes-gisnay, mataco-pilcomayo, mataco-gisnay, wiznay,
mataco, matako-E., mataco "proper" Pilcomayo valley
Bolivia; Argentina 3*
85-AAA-ad matahuayo* matawayo Bolivia; Argentina
85-AB YOFAHA+ MAC'
chain
85-ABA YOFAHA net CHOROTI
85-ABA-a Yofaha Puerto La Paz Prats Gil Santa Rosa Colonia Fernheim
Fortn Hernandarius
Argentina (Salta); Bolivia (Tarija);
Paraguay (Boquern)
3
85-ABA-aa yofaha yofuasha, iyo'wujwa, choroti, chorote, eklenjuy, moyanek, manjuy Argentina (Salta); Bolivia (Tarija);
Paraguay (Boquern)
3
85-ABB NIWACL: net CHULUPI
85-ABB-a Niwacl chulup, niwakle-lhi'ish, churupi, chulupie, chulupe, chunup,
ashlushlay, axluslay, nivacl, nivakl #niwakle-lhi'ish =niwacl
language Mariscal Estigarribia Filadelfia
Paraguay (Boquern; Presidente
Hayes); also migration (1930's)>
Argentina (Salta)
4
85-ABB-aa niwacl-'forest' "forest" chulupi, 'bush' chulupi Paraguay
85-ABB-ab niwacl-'river' "river" chulupi Paraguay
85-ABB-aba niwacl-W. "upstream" chulupi Paraguay
85-ABB-abb niwacl-M. "midstream" chulupi Paraguay
85-ABB-abc niwacl-E. "downstream" chulupi Paraguay
85-ABC MAC'+ ENIMACA
net
85-ABC-a Mac'+ Enimaca a largely monolingual minority within an urban environment
originally Chaco interior, displaced to Paraguay right-bank & island
(opposite Asuncin): Fray Bartolom de las Casas Juan Belaieff
island
Paraguay (Presidente Hayes) 2
85-ABC-aa mac' mak', towo-lhi, tooth-le (Presidente Hayes)
85-ABC-ab eni-maca eni-maga, nynaka (Presidente Hayes)
85-B AYOREO+ EBITOSO
set
"zamukoan", zamucoano
85-BA AYOREO+
TSIRICUA chain
85-BAA AYOREO+
TSIRICUA net
85-BAA-a Ayoreo+ Tsiricua charruano, ayor, ayoweo, morotoco, moro, pyeta-yovai, samuko,
zamuco Parapeti Tucavaca rivers (south of Cerro San Miguel
peak)
Bolivia (Santa Cruz); Paraguay
(Boquern; Olimpo)
3
85-BAA-aa ayor-N. ayoreo-N., "bolivian" ayoreo Bolivia (Santa Cruz) 3
85-BAA-ab morotoco ayoreo-S., ayor-S., moro, "paraguayan" ayoreo Paraguay (Boquern; Olimpo) 3
85-BAA-ac tsiricua Bolivia and/or Paraguay
85-BAA-ad pyeta* Bolivia and/or Paraguay
85-BAA-ae yovai* Bolivia and/or Paraguay

85-BB EBITOSO+
CHAMACOCO chain
85-BBA EBITOSO+
CHAMACOCO net
85-BBA-a Ebitoso+
Chamacoco
along Paraguay river: Baha Negra downstream Paraguay (Olimpo; Boquern) 3
85-BBA-aa ebitoso ebidoso, ishiro, jeywo, baha-negra, xorchio, chamacoco-N. (Olimpo)
85-BBA-ab chamacoco-bravo tomaraho, tomaraxa, chamacoco-S. (Olimpo, Boquern)
85-C MASKOY+
PAYAGU set
"maskoian", "mascoian", enlhit
85-CA MASKOY+
PAYAGU chain
85-CAA MASKOY+
PAYAGU net
85-CAA-a Mascoy+ Payagu enlhit, enlit, eenthlit, enenlhit #a proliferation of alternative names
(below) suggests a greater number of component idioms, some
perhaps extinct +eroded by extension of [88] Guaran
Hayes)
4*
85-CAA-aa cashquiha kaskiha, guan, wan, layana, niguecactemigi, echoaldi, echonoana,
chararana
Paraguay (Boquern) 2*
85-CAA-ab sanapan quiativis, quilyacmoc, lanapsua, saapa, sanam, kasnatan* Galbn
valley
Hayes)
3
85-CAA-ac maskoy maskoi, machicui, toba-maskoy, "paraguayan" toba, quilyilhrayrom,
cabanatit distinct from [85] Toba-qom reserve near Puerto
Victoria Puerto Guaran
(Boquern)
85-CAA-ad angaite angate, coyavitis (Boquern and/or Presidente
Hayes)
85-CAA-ae voyak in [51] Espaol: lengua norte (=north language) (Boquern)
85-CAA-af payagu in [51] Espaol: lengua sur (=south language) (Presidente Hayes)
85-CAA-ag mascoy-V. mascoy "vehicular", mascoy 'pidgin' Puerto Victoria compromise
vehicular, developed and used among workers speaking different
Enlhit idioms; perhaps now extinct
(Boquern) 0*
85-D LULE+ VILELA*
notional set
a notional set of inadequately documented extinct languages, plus
one language on the verge of extinction

85-DA LULE chain
85-DAA LULE net
85-DAA-a Lule Argentina (Chaco) 0
85-DAA-aa 'gran'-lule #in [52] Espaol =great lule (Chaco) 0
85-DAA-ab lule-'pequeo' #in [52] Espaol =little lule (Chaco) 0
85-DAA-aba isistin (Chaco)
85-DAA-abb oristin (Chaco)
85-DAA-abc tokistin (Chaco)
85-DB VILELA chain
85-DBA VILELA net
85-DBA-a Vilela nearly extinct +submerged by [85] Qom Argentina (Chaco) 1*
85-DBA-aa chulup-chaco chalup 2, chunup, sinip (Chaco) 1*
85-DBA-aaa ocol ocol Napalp Resistencia 6 families in 1960's; reduced to 2
speakers in 1980's
(Chaco) 1*
85-DBA-aab yecoanita (Chaco) 0
85-DBA-aac yooc yoo, wamalca (Chaco) 0
85-DBA-ab ipa (Chaco) 0
85-DBA-ac omo-ampa umuapa (Chaco) 0
85-DBA-ad pasain pazaine (Chaco) 0
85-DBA-ae takete (Chaco) 0
85-DBA-af vacaa (Chaco) 0
85-DBA-ag yocno-ampa yecunampa (Chaco) 0
85-DC CHARRUA+
CHAN* chain
85-DCA CHARRUA+ CHAN
net

85-DCA-a Minuane Argentina; Uruguay 0
85-DCA-aa minuane Argentina; Uruguay 0
85-DCA-b Charrua Uruguay 0
85-DCA-ba charrua carrua, tsarrua Uruguay 0
85-DCA-c Genoa Uruguay 0
85-DCA-ca genoa Uruguay 0
85-DCA-d Chan Uruguay 0
85-DCA-da chan cana, tschana, tsana Uruguay 0

1999 / 2000 edition
85-E KADIWU+
NAMQOM set
WAIKURU, waikuruan, guaicuruano
85-EA KADIWU+ MBAY
chain
85-EAA KADIWU+ MBAY
net
85-EAA-a Kadiwu+ Mbay waikur, guaicur, 'payagua' Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
85-EAA-aa kadiwu caduvo, ediu-adig (Mato Grosso)
85-EAA-ab mbay-guaikur* mbay (Mato Grosso)
85-EB NAMQOM+
MOQOYT chain
85-EBA NAMQOM+ PILAG
net
85-EBA-a Namqom nam-qom, toba, chaco-sur, toba-qom Bermejo river Pilcomayo
river distinct from [85] Maskoy (Toba-maskoy)
Argentina (Chaco; Formosa; Salta;
also migrant> Buenos Aires);
Paraguay (Presidente Hayes);
Bolivia (Chuquisaca*)
4
85-EBA-aa nam-qom-SE. (Chaco; Formosa) 4
85-EBA-ab nam-qom-NE. Cerrito Villa del Rosario (Presidente Hayes; Boquern) 2
85-EBA-ac nam-qom-N. (Salta) 2
85-EBA-ad nam-qom-NW. (Chuquisaca*) 2*
85-EBA-b Pilag pilaca Bermejo river Pilcomayo river: including Pampa del Indio
Pampa Chica Fortn Lavalle
Argentina (Chaco; Formosa); also
Paraguay (Boquern )
3
85-EBA-ba toba-pilag +transition to [85] Namqom Argentina
85-EBA-bb chaco-pilag Argentina
85-EBB MOQOYT net
85-EBB-a Moqoyt Villa Angela Napalp Argentina (Chaco; Santa Fe) 3
85-EBB-aa moqoyt mocov, mocob, mbocob (Chaco; Santa Fe) 3
85-EBC ABIPON net
85-EBC-a Abipon including "female" abipon "male" abipon Argentina; Paraquay 0
85-EBC-aa abipon callaga, kalyaga Argentina; Paraquay 0
85-EC GUACH+ PAYAWA
chain

85-ECA GUACH net
85-ECA-a Guach Brazil (Mata Grosso) 0
85-ECA-aa guach wachi (Mata Grosso) 0
85-ECB PAYAWA net
85-ECB-a Payawa Colonia Capitn Bado Paraguay (Amambay) 0
85-ECB-aa payawa payagu 2 (Amambay) 0
85-F CUNZA set
85-FA CUNZA chain
85-FAA CUNZA net
85-FAA-a Cunza probably extinct Salar de Atacama salt-marshes: Peine Socaire
Caspana
Chile (Antofagasta); also Bolivia
(Potos)
0*
85-FAA-aa cunza kunza, likananta, lipe, u-lipe, atacameo, atacama, atakama (Antofagasta); (Potos) 0*
85-G MAPUDUNGUN set MAPUCHE, "araucanian"
85-GA MAPUDUNGUN
chain
85-GAA MAPUDUNGUN net
85-GAA-a Mapudungun mapu-che-dungun, mapu-dungu, mapu-thungu, mapu-tongo,
araucano, araukan, "araucanian"; "wider" mapu-che community
(=land-folk), including former molu-che (=war-folk), ngolu-che,
manzanero #mapa-dungun= land-words, mapu-che-dungun = land-
folk-words from Pacific coast across Andes mountains to western
Pampas plains (between approx. 37S & 41S)
Chile (Nuble; Concepcin; Arauco;
Bo-Bo; Malleco; Cautin; Valdivia);
Argentina (Neuqun; Rio Negro;
Chubut; La Pampa; also migrant>
Buenos Aires)
5
85-GAA-aa pehuen-che pewenche, mapu-dungun-NE. #pehuen-che=pine-forest-folk
Santa-Brbara Trapa-Trapa country
Chile (Bo-Bo); also Argentine
(Neuqun)
85-GAA-ab picun-che mapu-dungun-N., picunche, pikun-tu Chile (Arauco; Bo-Bo)
85-GAA-aba picunche-W. Tirua point Arauco bay (coast & hinterland) Concepcin
formerly to Itata river and beyond
Chile (Arauco)
85-GAA-abb picunche-C. Bo-Bo middle valley Chile (Bo-Bo)
85-GAA-ac mapu-che-C. mapu-dungun-C., mapuche "proper", former molu-che Chile (Malleco; Cautin; Valdivia)
85-GAA-aca mapuche-CN. north of Temuco (Malleco)
85-GAA-acb mapuche-CE. Colico lake Bo-Bo upper valley (Malleco)
85-GAA-acc mapuche-CW. Imperial river Toltn river & adjacent coast (Cautin)
85-GAA-acd mapuche-CS. Temuco Villaricca lake (Cautin)
85-GAA-ace mapuche-S. Toltn river Bueno river & adjacent coast (Cautin; Valdivia)

85-GAA-ad mapuche-E. mapu-dungun-CE., part of mapuche "proper", former molu-che
Colorado valley Chubut valley & eastwards
Argentina (Neuqun; Rio Negro;
Chubut; La Pampa; also migrant>
Buenos Aires)
4
85-GAA-ada manzanero molu-che Colorado valley Limay valley Chubut valley (Chubut)
85-GAA-adb leuvu-che Negro river (Rio Negro)
85-GAA-adc talu-che talu-het probably extinct east to river Salado Argentine 0*
85-GAA-ae huilliche mapu-dungun-S., veliche, huiliche, kunko Bueno lower river Ranco
lake southwards formerly as far as Chilo island
Chile (Valdivia; Osorno;
Llanquihue; Chilo)
3
85-GAA-aea huilliche-A. Chile
85-GAA-aeb tsesungn Chile
85-GAA-aec chilo-te Chilo island (Chilo) 0
85-H GNAKNE set PUELCHE
85-HA GNAKNE chain
85-HAA GNAKNE net
85-HAA-a Gnakne puelche, gene-ken, genna-ken, pampa, tehuelche-N. nearly extinct
distinct from [83] Tehuelche-S.
Argentina (Rio Negro; formerly
Buenos Aires); also formerly Chile
1
85-HAA-aa gna-kne-W. Campos de Maquinchao (Rio Negro)
85-HAA-ab gna-kne-E. Negro lower valley: Carmen de Patagones (Rio Negro)
85-I QAWASQAR+
CACAHUE set
85-IA QAWASQAR+
CACAHUE chain
85-IAA QAWASQAR+
CACAHUE net
85-IAA-a Qawasqar+ Cacahue Wellington island: Puerto Edn (and formerly further south) Chile (Magallanes) 1
85-IAA-aa qawaskar kaweskar, qawasqar, qawashqar, alacaluf, halakwalip (Magallanes) 1
85-IAA-ab cacahue kakauhua, kaukaue (Magallanes) 0
85-J YAMANA set
85-JA YAMANA chain
85-JAA YAMANA net
85-JAA-a Yamana yahgan, yaghan, tequenica, inchi-kut #yamana=man; inchi-kut
="injun", "Amerindian" speech probably extinct Tierra del Fuego:
Isla Grande and adjacent islands
Chile (Magallanes); Argentina
(Tierra del Fuego)
0*
85-JAA-aa yamana-W. Isla Grande island (Magallanes)
85-JAA-ab yamana-C. Isla Grande island (Magallanes); (Tierra del Fuego)
85-JAA-ac yamana-E. Navarino island (Magallanes)
85-JAA-ad yamana-SW. Cook bay (Magallanes)
85-JAA-ae yamana-SE. Wollaston islands (Magallanes)

1999 / 2000 edition
86= MATO-GROSSO
geozone
covers the "Mato-Grosso" reference area, composed of sets
South America, situated on and around the Mato Grosso
plateau:
86-A MOVIMA+ CANICHANA* 86-B CHIQUITO
86-C BORRO+ OTUKE 86-D GUAT
86-E JABUT+ ARICAP 86-F CAPIXAN
86-G CABIXI+ SABAN 86-H RIKBAKTSA
86-I OPAY 86-J TRUMA
86-K HALOTESU* 86-L NUMBIAI*
86-M ENAWEN 86-N IRNTXE+ MENKU
86-O CARAJ 86-P CAYAP+ CAINGNG
Bolivia; Brazil
4
86-A MOVIMA+
CANICHANA* set
86-AA MOVIMA+
CANICHANA chain
86-AAA MOVIMA net
86-AAA-a Movima west of Tijamuchi lower river Bolivia (El Beni) 2*
86-AAA-aa movima (El Beni) 2*
86-AAB CANICHANA net
86-AAB-a Canichana nearly extinct east of Tijamuchi lower river Bolivia (El Beni) 1
86-AAB-aa canichana kanichana (El Beni) 1
86-B CHIQUITO set
86-BA CHIQUITO chain
86-BAA CHIQUITO net
86-BAA-a Chiquito chiquitano, tarapecosi #indigenous names to be recorded Bolivia (Santa Cruz); also Brazil
(Mato Grosso)
4
86-BAA-aa 'concepcin' Concepcin (Santa Cruz)
86-BAA-ab 'velazco' San Ignacio de Velazco (Santa Cruz)
86-BAA-ac 'javierano' xavierano San Javier (Santa Cruz)
86-BAA-ad 'santiago' Santiago (Santa Cruz)
86-BAA-ae 'san-miguel' San Miguel (Santa Cruz)
86-C BORRO+
UMOTINA set
bororoano
86-CA BORRO+ OTUKE
chain
86-CAA BORRO net
86-CAA-a Borro borro, boe Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
86-CAA-aa borro borro, boe Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
86-CAB UMOTINA net
86-CAB-a Umotina Rio dos Bugres river Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
86-CAB-aa umotina umutina, barbados (Mato Grosso) 2
86-CAC OTUKE+ TAPII net
86-CAC-a Otuk+ Tapii perhaps extinct Brazil (Mato Grosso); Bolivia
(Santa Cruz)
1*
86-CAC-aa otuk otuque, otuqui (Mato Grosso) 1*
86-CAC-ab louxiru* loushiru #or an alternative name for otuk (Mato Grosso)
86-CAC-ac covareca (Mato Grosso); and/or (Santa
Cruz)
0
86-CAC-ad curuminaca (Mato Grosso); and/or (Santa
Cruz)
0
86-CAC-ae coraveca curave (Mato Grosso); and/or (Santa
Cruz)
0
86-CAC-af curucaneca (Mato Grosso); and/or (Santa
Cruz)
0
86-CAC-ag tapii (Mato Grosso); and/or (Santa
Cruz)
0
86-D GUAT set
86-DA GUAT chain
86-DAA GUAT net
86-DAA-a Guat Paraguai river So Loureno river Brazil (Mato Grosso); also Bolivia
(Santa Cruz)
2
86-DAA-aa guat (Mato Grosso); also (Santa Cruz
frontier)
2

86-E JABUT+ ARICAP
set
86-EA JABUT+ ARICAP
chain
86-EAA JABUT net
86-EAA-a Jabut Pororoca Post Ricardo Franco Brazil (Rondnia) 1
86-EAA-aa jabut yabut, kipiu (Rondnia) 1
86-EAB ARICAP+ MAXUB
net
86-EAB-a Aricap Guapor right bank tributary: Rio Branco headwaters Brazil (Rondnia) 1
86-EAB-aa aricap arikapu (Rondnia) 1
86-EAB-b Maxub Brazil (Rondnia) 0
86-EAB-ba maxub mashubi (Rondnia) 0
86-F CAPIXAN set perhaps transitional to [86] Nambikuara
86-FA CAPIXAN chain
86-FAA CAPIXAN net
86-FAA-a Capixan Brazil (Rondnia) 2
86-FAA-aa capixan kapishana, cano, kano (Rondnia) 2
86-G CABIXI+ SABAN
set
'nambikwara', 'nambiquara', 'nambikuara' #derived from nhambi-kwara
in [88] Tupi = big ear(s)
86-GA CABIXI+ SABAN
chain
86-GAA CABIXI+ SARAR
net
86-GAA-a Cabixi+ Ouro 'nambikwara'-NW., including taxmainite, tashmainite Brazil (Rondnia and/or Mato
Grosso)
2
86-GAA-aa tawadnde tawanxte, tawanshte (Rondnia and/or Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-ab lacond lakond, latund, yalapmunxte, yalapmunshte Tenente Marques
upper river
(Rondnia and/or Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-ac taiat (Rondnia and/or Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-ad yalunte (Rondnia and/or Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-ae tawente taxwensite, tashwensite Rio da Dvida source (Rondnia and/or Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-af mameleto Apedi right-bank (Rondnia and/or Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-ag cabixi kabixi, kavixi Cabixi river Pardo river distinct from [83] Cabix (Rondnia and/or Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-aga tosokitu (Rondnia and/or Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-agb mamaind (Rondnia and/or Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-ah ouro (Rondnia and/or Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-ai negarot* nagarotte (Rondnia and/or Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-b Sarar+ Manduca 'nambikwara'-SE., including hahaintesu Iqu river Sierra dos
Parecis highlands Sarar river
Brazil (Mato Grosso) 3*
86-GAA-ba manduca manduka Camarare lower river Igu river (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-baa hinkutesu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bab siwaihsu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bac niyalhosu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bb campo Camarare upper river Juruena river (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bba kithulhu-W. khithaulhu-W. Camararezinho middle river (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bbb kithulhu-E. khithaulhu-E., cithulhu-do-juina Camararezinho middle river (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bbc wakalitesu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bbd halotesu-N. (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bbe halotesu-S. (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bbf sawentesu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bc guapor galera Cabixi river Galera river (Mato Grosso) 2
86-GAA-bca inkutesu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bcb nntesu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bcc qual!nsantesu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bcd yot"nsu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bce elahitusu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bcf lantesu alatesu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bcg alakatesu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bch wikatesu waikisu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bci wasuhsu wasusu (Mato Grosso)
86-GAA-bd sarar katitulhu Sarar river (Mato Grosso) 2
86-GAB SABAN net
86-GAB-a Saban +last speakers live interspersed in northern area of [86] Cabixi+ Ouro Brazil (Rondnia; Mato Grosso) 1
86-GAB-aa saban sabanes, sabones (Rondnia; Mato Grosso) 1

1999 / 2000 edition
86-H RIKBAKTSA set
86-HA RIKBAKTSA chain
86-HAA RIKBAKTSA net
86-HAA-a Rikbaktsa geographically fragmented: Sangue river Juruena river Brazil (Mato Grosso) 3*
86-HAA-aa rikbaktsa aripaktsa, erikbatsa, erikpatsa, canoeiro (Mato Grosso) 3*
86-I OPAY set
86-IA OPAY chain
86-IAA OPAY net
86-IAA-a Opay Verde river Vacaria+ Ivinhema rivers nearly extinct Brazil (Mato Grosso) 1
86-IAA-aa opay-A. ofay, opai-shavante, ofai-xavante, shavante-S. distinct from [86]
A'we+ Tapacua (Xavnte, Shavante-N.)
(Mato Grosso) 1
86-IAA-ab guachi* (Mato Grosso)
86-J TRUMA set
86-JA TRUMA chain
86-JAA TRUMA net
86-JAA-a Truma Xingu park: Xingu source Brazil (Mato Grosso) 1
86-JAA-aa truma (Mato Grosso) 1
86-K HALOTESU* set
86-KA HALOTESU chain
86-KAA HALOTESU net
86-KAA-a Hal-t-s Brazil (Mato Grosso) 1
86-KAA-aa hal-t-s (Mato Grosso) 1
86-L NUMBIAI* set
86-LA NUMBIAI chain
86-LAA NUMBIAI net
86-LAA-a Numbiai Roosevelt river Brazil (Mato Grosso) 1
86-LAA-aa numbiai in [51] Portugus: orelha de pau (=wooden ear) (Mato Grosso) 1
86-M ENAWEN* set
86-MA ENAWEN chain
86-MAA ENAWEN net
86-MAA-a Enawen salum Nambiquara reserve Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
86-MAA-aa enawen-naw eneuene-nawe (Mato Grosso)
86-MAA-ab enawen-mar eneuene-mare (Mato Grosso)
86-N IRNTXE+ MENKU
set
MUNDU
86-NA IRNTXE+ MENKU
chain
86-NAA IRNTXE+ MENKU
net
86-NAA-a Irntxe+ Menku mundu Sangue tributary: Cravari headwaters Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
86-NAA-aa menku m"nk", mynky, myky, kenk", myky (Mato Grosso)
86-NAA-ab irntxe iranche "proper", iranxe, iranshe (Mato Grosso)
86-O CARAJ set
86-OA CARAJ chain
86-OAA CARAJ net
86-OAA-a Caraj karaj, karay, xambio, chamboa, shambio, yn, yna including
male and female idioms Araguaia river: Bananal island
Brazil (Gois; also Mato Grosso;
Par)
3
86-OAA-aa caraj-'female' "female" caraj spoken by girls and women (Gois)
86-OAA-ab caraj-'male' "male" caraj spoken by boys and men (Gois)
86-OAA-ac java javahe, shavaye (Gois)
86-P CAYAP+
CAINGNG set
GE, je, ye
86-PA CAYAP+ SUY
chain
GE-NORTHEAST
86-PAA KREEN-AKARORE
net
86-PAA-a Kreen-Akarore Xingu park Brazil (Mato Grosso) 1
86-PAA-aa kreen-akarore kren-akarore (Mato Grosso) 1
86-PAB CAYAP+
CRADAH* net
geographically fragmented
86-PAB-a Cayap+ Diore including 'gente prta' (=in [51] Portugus: black people) Brazil (Mato Grosso; Par; Gois;
Maranho)
3
86-PAB-aa cayap-A. kayap "proper" Brazil
86-PAB-ab kokraimor Brazil
86-PAB-ac diore dyore, xikrin, shikr!, xukru Brazil
86-PAB-ad karara Brazil

86-PAB-ae kuben-krag-no-ti-re kuben-krag-no-ti, kube-kran-kenh, kuben-kran-kegn, men-krang-no-ti
Cabeca Pelada
Brazil
86-PAB-af men-tuk-ti-re Brazil
86-PAB-ag pacaj Brazil
86-PAB-ah txukuhamai chukahami, txucarramae Brazil
86-PAB-ai goro-ti-re Brazil
86-PAB-aj cayap-S. Brazil
86-PAB-b Cradah Brazil (Par) 0
86-PAB-ba cradah crada, krada, cayap-crada, kayap-krada (Par) 0
86-PAC APINAY net
86-PAC-a Apinay Tocantinopolis environs Brazil (Gois) 2
86-PAC-aa apinay apinaj, apinag (Gois) 2
86-PAD CRENYE+ CANELA*
net
TIMBIRA
86-PAD-a Crenye+ Canela timbira geographically fragmented Brazil (Par; Gois; Maranho) 3
86-PAD-aa canela kanela Brazil 3
86-PAD-ab apanjekra apanhecra, apniekra Brazil
86-PAD-ac ramkkamekra Brazil
86-PAD-ad krinkat krikat, karakati Brazil
86-PAD-ae crenye kreye, creye, krem-ye, crenge, crange, timbira "proper" Brazil
86-PAD-af pukoby in [51] Portugus: gavio do Maranho Brazil
86-PAD-ag parakteye kenkatay, in [51] Portugus: gavio do Par Brazil
86-PAD-ah taze* tage Brazil
86-PAE SUY+ TAPAYUNA
net
86-PAE-a Suy+ Tapayuna Xingu park: Culuene headwaters Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
86-PAE-aa suy Brazil
86-PAE-ab tapayuna in [51] Portugus: beio de pau (=wooden lip) Brazil
86-PAF IPEW net
86-PAF-a Ipew Xingu park Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2*
86-PAF-aa ipew (Mato Grosso) 2*
86-PB A'WE+ XERNTE
chain
GE-CENTRAL
86-PBA A'WE+ TAPACUA
net
XAVNTE
86-PBA-a A'we+ Tapacua xavnte, chavante, shavante-N. distinct from [86] Opay (Shavante-
S.) Manso river Chapada de Mato Grosso plateau: 60 villages
hunter-gatherer communities
Brazil (Mato Grosso) 3
86-PBA-aa a'we a'we, akun, akwen Brazil
86-PBA-ab crisca Brazil
86-PBA-ac pusciti Brazil
86-PBA-ad tapacua Brazil
86-PBB ACRO net
86-PBB-a Acro Brazil (Bahia) 0
86-PBB-aa acro coro, koro (Bahia) 0
86-PBC XERNTE net
86-PBC-a Xernte Rio do Sono river Tocantins river Brazil (Gois) 3*
86-PBC-aa xernte sherent (Gois) 3*
86-PBD XACRIAB net
86-PBD-a Xacriab Brazil (Gois) 0
86-PBD-aa xacriab xakriaba, chakriaba, shakriaba, shacriaba, chikriaba, shikriab (Gois) 0
86-PC CAINGNG+
XOKLENG chain
GE-SOUTH
86-PCA CAINGNG net
86-PCA-a Caingng kaingang, coroado, 'bugre' geographically fragmented in 21 locations
idioms to be confirmed and probably extended #indigenous names
to be recorded; 'bugre' is applied also to [88] Mby & to [86] Xokleng
Brazil (So Paulo; Paran; Santa
Catarina; Rio Grande do Sul)
4
86-PCA-aa caingng-'so-
paulo'
Brazil
86-PCA-ab caingng-'paran' Brazil
86-PCA-ac caingng-C. Brazil
86-PCA-ad caingng-SW. Brazil
86-PCA-ae caingng-SE. Brazil

1999 / 2000 edition
86-PCB XOKLENG net
86-PCB-a Xokleng Itaja tributary Brazil (Santa Catarina) 2
86-PCB-aa xokleng shocleng, shokleng, aweikoma, "pseudo"-caingng, 'botocudo'
#'botocudo' is applied also to [89] Krenak; 'bugre' is applied also to [88]
Mby & to [86] Caingng
(Santa Catarina) 2
86-PCC GUAYAN net
86-PCC-a Guayan Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) 0
86-PCC-aa guayan wayan, guanhanan (Rio Grande do Sul) 0

87= AMAZON
geozone
covers the "Amazon" reference area, composed of sets not
(= 55 outer languages) spoken by communities in the
Amazon basin of South America:
87-A AMIKOANA* 87-B IAPAMA
87-C ARUTANI+ SAP 87-D NANOMAM+ NINAM
87-E HOT 87-F PIAROA+ SLIBA
87-G GUAHIBO+ CUIBA 87-H PUINAVE
87-I CACUA+ NADB* 87-J TINGUA+ PAMIGUA
87-K CUBEO+ DAHSEY 87-L ABISHIRA
87-M TICUNA 87-N XIRINA
87-O MUNICHE 87-P CAPAN+ PAUMARI*
87-Q NEREYAMA* 87-R PIRAH + MATANAUI
87-S BARA 87-T HIMARIMA
87-U KARAHAWYANA 87-V WERIDJAP + HEWADIE
87-W PAPAV
including (with zone 81=) a number of languages sometimes
known as 'mac', 'mak', 'maco', an unscientific term applied
by outsiders to certain indigenous communities in the interior
of Colombia and Venezuela, and in adjacent Brazil
Brazil; Colombia; Peru; Venezuela;
also Ecuador-E.
5*
87-A AMIKOANA* set
87-AA AMIKOANA chain
87-AAA AMIKOANA net
87-AAA-a Amikoana Jar middle valley (Par boundary) Brazil (Amap) 1*
87-AAA-aa amikoana Brazil (Amap) 1*
87-B IAPAMA set
87-BA IAPAMA chain
87-BAA IAPAMA net
87-BAA-a Iapama Serra Lombarda foothills Brazil (Amapa; Par) 1*
87-BAA-aa iapama (Amapa+ Par borders) 1*
87-C ARUTANI+ SAP set awak+ kaliana
87-CA SAP chain
87-CAA SAP net
87-CAA-a Sap Pacaraima highlands: Paragua+ Urarica headwaters Venezuela (Bolvar); also Brazil
(Roraima)
2*
87-CAA-aa sap kariana, kalina, caliana, chirichano (Bolvar); also (Roraima) 2*
87-CB ARUTANI chain
87-CBA ARUTANI set
87-CBA-a Arutani almost extinct +submerged by [87] Ninam Pacaraima highlands:
Paragua valley Karuna valley
Venezuela (Bolvar); Brazil
(Roraima)
1
87-CBA-aa arutani auaqu, ahuaqu, auake, awak, uruak, aoaqui, oewaku, urutani (Bolvar); (Roraima) 1
87-D NANOMAM+ NINAM
set
yanomaman, yanomamano
87-DA NANOMAM+ NINAM
chain
87-DAA NINAM net
87-DAA-a Ninam xirian, crichana, casapare, kasrapai distinct from [87] Xirina Venezuela (Bolvar); Brazil
(Roraima)
3
87-DAA-aa jawarib* aguapira, jawari, jawaperi 2 Aguapira valley (Bolvar)
87-DAA-ab yanam urarica-paragua, ninam-N. Pacaraima highlands: Urarica valley
Paragua valley Carun, Karun valley
(Roraima); (Bolvar) 2
87-DAA-ac ninam-S. mukajai, mucajai Mucaja valley (Roraima) 2
87-DAB SANUM net
87-DAB-a Sanum tsanuma, sanema Pacaraima highlands: Caura upper valley
Ervato+ Ventuari valleys Auari valley
Venezuela (Bolvar); Brazil
(Roraima)
3
87-DAB-aa guaika (Bolvar) and/or (Roraima)
87-DAB-ab samatari samatali, xamatari (Bolvar) and/or (Roraima)
87-DAB-ac chirichano (Bolvar) and/or (Roraima)

1999 / 2000 edition
87-DAC NANOMAM+
GUAIC net
"WIDER"-YANOMAME
87-DAC-a Nanomam+ Guaic "wider" yanomame, yanomam+ yanommi, yanoman+ yanam,
yanoama, including guaharibo, guajaribo shamatari, shamathari
perhaps better treated as a continuum of 2 or more outer-languages
#nomenclature of component idioms to be clarified
Venezuela (Amazonas); Brazil
(Roraima; Amazonas)
4
87-DAC-aa padamo padamo-orinoco, yanomam-W. Orinoco upper basin Venezuela (Amazonas)
87-DAC-ab parima yanomam-E. Sierra Parima mountains Venezuela (Amazonas); Brazil
(Amazonas)
3
87-DAC-ac guaic waik, waic Brazil (Roraima and/or Amazonas)
87-DAC-ad nanomam karime, yanommi, yanomani Uraricuera valley Catrimani valley Brazil (Roraima; Amazonas
87-DAC-ae naomam Brazil (Roraima and/or Amazonas)
87-DAC-af patimitheri Brazil (Roraima and/or Amazonas)
87-DAC-ag guadema wadema, warema Brazil (Roraima and/or Amazonas)
87-DAC-ah toototobi yanomay Brazil (Roraima and/or Amazonas)
87-DAC-ai jauari joari, yoari, aica Brazil (Roraima and/or Amazonas)
87-E HOT set YUWANA
87-EA HOT chain
87-EAA HOT net
87-EAA-a Hot yuwana, yoana, yuana, waruwaru, chicano, chikano, jorti Venezuela (Bolvar; Amazonas) 2
87-EAA-aa hot-N. Kaima valley (Bolvar) 2
87-EAA-ab hot-S. Iguana valley Parucito valley (Amazonas) 2
87-F PIAROA+ SLIBA
set
87-FA PIAROA+ SLIBA
chain
87-FAA PIAROA+ SLIBA
net
87-FAA-a Piaroa Orinoco upper valley+ highlands Venezuela (Amazonas) 4
87-FAA-aa piaroa-A. kuakua, guagua, quaqua, ature, adole (Amazonas)
87-FAA-ab itoto 'mac'-piaroa, 'maco'-piaroa #see note on mac, etc. under
introduction to geozones 87= and 81=
(Amazonas)
87-FAA-b Sliba Meta middle valley Casanare valley Colombia (Arauca; Boyaca;
Vichada); Venezuela (Apure)
3
87-FAA-ba sliba-A. sliva Colombia (Arauca; Boyaca;
Vichada); Venezuela (Apure)
3
87-FAA-bb chipiajes* classification uncertain Colombia
87-G GUAHIBO+ CUIBA
set
"guahiban", "guajiboan", guajiboano
87-GA GUAHIBO+ CUIBA
chain
87-GAA GUAHIBO+ CUIBA
net
'sicuani', 'sicuani', 'sicuane', 'sicuari' nomadic or semi-nomadic
communities
87-GAA-a Guahibo+ Macagun Hiwi, hiw, jiw, "wider" guahibo, "wider" wahivo Arauca valley Meta
lower valley Guaviare valley
Colombia (Arauca; Vichada;
Vaupes); Venezuela (Apure;
Amazonas)
4
87-GAA-aa guahi-bo guahibo "proper", guajibo, goahibo, wahivo "proper", wahibo, goahiva,
guayba, guaigua
Colombia; Venezuela
87-GAA-ab playero guahibo-playero Arauca valley Colombia (Arauca)
87-GAA-ac guahibo-tomo rio-tomo nomadic Tomo valley Colombia
87-GAA-ad macagun makawane, macaguane, agualinda semi-nomadic Macaguane Colombia (Arauca)
87-GAA-ae guayabero wayavero, guaviare, 'macu' guaviare, including mitua. cunima
Guayabero+ Guaviare upper valley
Colombia (Vichada); Venezuela
(Amazonas)
2
87-GAA-af churuya Guaviare upper valley Colombia (Vichada); Venezuela
(Amazonas)
0
87-GAA-b Cuiba+ Casibara "wider" cuiba Meta left-bank tributaries Colombia (Boyaca; Arauca); also
Venezuela (Apure)
3
87-GAA-ba cuiba cuiba "proper", cuiva, cuiba-wmonae Colombia
87-GAA-bb chiricoa amorua Colombia
87-GAA-bc masiware masiguare Colombia
87-GAA-bd chiripo wupiwi, siripu Colombia
87-GAA-be yarahuuraxi yarahuuraxi+ capanapara Colombia
87-GAA-bf mayayero Colombia
87-GAA-bg mochuelo mochuelo+ casanare+ cuiba Colombia
87-GAA-bh tampiwi mariposas Colombia
87-GAA-bi mella Colombia
87-GAA-bj ptamo Colombia
87-GAA-bk casibara iguanito Colombia
87-GAA-bl 'hermosa' Cao de la Hermosa valley Colombia; Venezuela

87-H PUINAVE set part of "puinavean"
87-HA PUINAVE chain
87-HAA PUINAVE net
87-HAA-a Puinave puinabe, guaipunavi, waipunavi Inrida valley Colombia (Vaups; Guaina); also
3
87-HAA-aa puinave-W. mansos Inrida upper valley Colombia (Vaups; Guaina)
87-HAA-ab puinave-E. "venezuelan" puinave Inrida lower valley Orinoco middle valley Colombia (Vaups; Guaina); also
87-I CACUA+ NADB*
set
'imaku', 'imacu', part of "puinavean" #see note on mac, etc. under
introduction to geozones 87= and 81=
87-IA CACUA+ BARA
chain
87-IAA CACUA net
87-IAA-a Cacua 'mac'-cacua #indigenous names to be recorded Colombia (Vaups) 2
87-IAA-aa cacua-'querari' kerari, in [51] Espaol: 'mac' de Cubeo Querari valley (Vaups)
87-IAA-ab cacua-'vaups' in [51] Espaol: 'mac' de Guanano Vaups valley (Vaups)
87-IAA-ac cacua-'papuri' in [51] Espaol: 'mac' de Desano Papuri valley (Vaups)
87-IAA-ad cacua-'paran' 'mac'-parana Paran valley (Vaups)
87-IAB BARA* net
87-IAB-a Bara based on assumed relationship between similarly named idioms on
opposite sides of the Colombia-Brazil frontier
Colombia (Vaups); Brazil
(Amazonas)
1*
87-IAB-aa bara-W. bar, 'mac'-bara Colombia (Vaups)
87-IAB-ab bara-E. 'maku'-bara, bara-'maku' Brazil (Amazonas)
87-IB TUHUP+ YAHUP
chain
HUPDE
87-IBA TUHUP+ YAHUP net
87-IBA-a Tuhup+ Yahup ubd, jubd, hupd-'mak', hupd-'mak', jupd-'mac', in [51]
Espaol: 'mac' de Tucano nomadic & semi-nomadic, including some
transfrontier Auari valley Vaups valley
Brazil (Amazonas); Colombia
(Vaups)
3
87-IBA-aa tu-hup Brazil and/or Colombia
87-IBA-ab ne-hup Brazil and/or Colombia
87-IBA-ac ya-hup 'mac'-yahup, yehup, yuhup Brazil and/or Colombia 2
87-IBA-ad tiki Brazil and/or Colombia
87-IBA-ae papur Brazil and/or Colombia
87-IC NADB+ GUARIBA
chain
87-ICA GUARIBA net
87-ICA-a Guariba Brazil (Amazonas) 2
87-ICA-aa guariba wariva, wariwa, 'mac'-guariba, guaripa (Amazonas) 2
87-ICB NADB+ KAMN net
87-ICB-a Nadb+ Kamn Negro Japura Uneiuxi valleys hunter-gatherer communities Brazil (Amazonas) 2
87-ICB-aa nadb 'mac'-nadeb, nadb, nadb, anodub (Amazonas)
87-ICB-ab kabori kabari (Amazonas)
87-ICB-ac xiriwai xuriwai (Amazonas)
87-ICB-ad kamn kama, 'mac'-kam downstream from Vaups+ Negro confluence (Amazonas)
87-ICC GUAVIARE* net
87-ICC-a Guaviare Colombia (Amazonas) 2
87-ICC-aa guaviare 'carabayo', 'macusa' (Amazonas) 2
87-J TINGUA+ PAMIGUA
set

87-JA TINGUA+ PAMIGUA
chain

87-JAA TINGUA net
87-JAA-a Tingua Colombia (Meta) 0
87-JAA-aa tingua tiniwan, tiniwa (Meta) 0
87-JAB PAMIGUA net
87-JAB-a Pamigua Colombia (Meta) 0
87-JAB-aa pamigua bamigua (Meta) 0
87-K CUBEO+ DAHSEY
set
"NARROW"-TUCANOAN, "narrow" tukanoan
87-KA CUBEO+ DAHSEY
chain
87-KAA CUBEO+ DAHSEY
net
#the element tapuya, tapuia, tapuyo =in [88] Tupi: enemy
87-KAA-a Pioh+ Tetet Tucanoan-NW. Ecuador (Napo); Colombia (Cauca;
Caquet; Putumayo); Peru (Loreto)
3

1999 / 2000 edition
87-KAA-aa correguaje+ tama caqueta, kaket Orteguaza river Caquet river (Caquet; Cauca) 2
87-KAA-aaa ko'rewaxi korewahe, correguaje, coreguaje, ko'reuaju, chaocha-pai (Caquet; Cauca)
87-KAA-aab tama (Caquet; Cauca)
87-KAA-ab pioh+ siona pioche-sioni, siona+ secoya Mecaya river Putumayo river
Aguarico river
Ecuador (Napo); Colombia
(Putumayo); Peru (Loreto)
3
87-KAA-aba macaguaje makawahe (Putumayo)
87-KAA-abb secoya sekoya (Napo); (Loreto)
87-KAA-abc pioh pioje, pioche (Napo) and/or (Loreto)
87-KAA-abd siona-S. sioni-S. (Napo)
87-KAA-abe siona-N. sioni-N. (Putumayo)
87-KAA-abf angutero 'encabellado' # encabellado in [51] Espaol =mixed-up (Napo); (Loreto)
87-KAA-ac tetet Ecuador (Napo); Colombia
(Putumayo)
1
87-KAA-ad yana+ opaina tanimuca-retuar Guacaya river Oiyaka river Apaporis river Colombia (Amazonas)
87-KAA-ada yana* jana, ya'na, yahuna, yayuna Colombia (Amazonas)
87-KAA-adb tanimuca tanimuka Colombia (Amazonas) 2
87-KAA-adc opaina* ufaina Colombia (Amazonas)
87-KAA-add retuar retuana, retuama, retuara, datuana, letuama, letuhama, ufaina,
upaira
Colombia (Amazonas) 2
87-KAA-b Coto Tucanoan-SW. Peru (Loreto) 2
87-KAA-ba coto koto, orejn Putomayo river Algodn river Sucusari river
Yanayacu river
(Loreto) 2
87-KAA-baa orejn-A. oregon; orechon (Loreto)
87-KAA-bab tutapi (Loreto)
87-KAA-bac paya-gu payaw, payowahe (Loreto)
87-KAA-bad mai-ja (Loreto)
87-KAA-bae nabaji orejn-S. (Loreto)
87-KAA-c Cubeo+ Hehnawa Tucanoan-C., pmiw Vaups valley Colombia; also Brazil (Amazonas)
4
87-KAA-ca cubeo kubewa, kobewa, kobeua, kubwa, cuveo, cubeu, cobeu Vaups river
downstream from Mit
(Vaups) 3
87-KAA-cb cubeo-V. "vehicular" cubeo, "river" tucanoan-W. Vaups river upstream from
Mit & northwards
(Vaups) 4
87-KAA-cc dyurema-wa (Vaups)
87-KAA-cd hehna-wa hahanana (Vaups) and/or Brazil (Amazonas)
87-KAA-ce bahki-wa (Vaups) and/or Brazil (Amazonas)
87-KAA-d Dahsey+ Tapuya Tucanoan-NE. #including tucano "proper" Colombia (Vaups); Brazil
(Amazonas)
4
87-KAA-da dahsey daxsea, dachsea, dasea, tucano, tukano, tukana, tucana, kone,
kore, including patsoka. wahyara
(Amazonas)
3
87-KAA-daa tucano-A. tucano "proper" Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-dab tucano-V. "vehicular" tucano, "river" tucanoan-E. Mit eastwards & northwards Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-dac arapaso Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-dad wasna pisa, wahana, uasona, wasona Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-dae mirit neeno Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-daf tariana tariano Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-dag betoya betaya Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-dah yohoraa Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-dai curaua Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-db ctiria ktiria, guanano, wanana Colombia (Vaups); Brazil
(Amazonas)
3
87-KAA-dc tapuya tapuyo Colombia (Vaups); Brazil
(Amazonas) Papur river
Vaups lower river
3
87-KAA-dca pir-tapuya pir Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-dcb wakena uaikena, waikino, uaicana, waikhara Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-dcc urubu-tapuya Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-e Waimaha+ Tatuyo Tucanoan-CE. Pira+ Paran upper & middle tributaries Colombia (Vaups); Brazil
(Amazonas)
3
87-KAA-ea waimaha waimaja, wantya Pira+ Paran upper tributaries Papur river
Jiqui river Inambu river
(Amazonas)
3
87-KAA-eaa pokanga pakang, pokang-tapuya, 'bar', barasano-N. Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-eab tuyuca tuyuka, teyuka, tejuca Colombia; Brazil 3
87-KAA-eac tsola tsla Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-ead dohk-poara dochka-fuara, dok-poara Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-eb win uina, waina, uaiana, wira, desana+ siriana Vaups upper
tributaries Papur river Abiyu river
(Amazonas)
3
87-KAA-eba desna desano, boleka, oregu, kusibi Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-ebb siriana siriano, chiranga, surir, suryana, sarir Colombia; Brazil

87-KAA-ec tatuyo+ carpano including sna Colombia (Vaups); Brazil
(Amazonas)
2
87-KAA-eca carpano karapan, carapana, carapana-tapuya, karapana Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-ecb mochda moxdoa, mext, mexta, mxda Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-ecc tatuyo pam, tatu-tapuyo, tatu-tapuya, juna Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-ecd ppiwa Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-ece yuruti juruti, yuriti, juriti, yuriti-tapuia, juriti-tapuia, luruty-tapuya, patsoka Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-f Macuna+ Yapu Tucanoan-SE. Colombia (Vaups; Amazonas);
Brazil (Amazonas)
3
87-KAA-fa macuna+ barasano Colombia (Vaups); Brazil
(Amazonas)
3
87-KAA-faa macuna makuna Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-fab bahgana sra, ma, ma-matsa Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-fac erulia Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-fad taiwano Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-fae barasano-S. barasana Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-faf palenoa paneroa, hanera, tsla, kome, kome-matsa Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-fag jep-mas Colombia; Brazil
87-KAA-fb yupu+ durina Colombia (Amazonas) 0
87-KAA-fba yupu Colombia
87-KAA-fbb durina Colombia
87-KAA-fc cueret kueret Brazil (Amazonas) 0
87-L ABISHIRA set
87-LA ABISHIRA chain
87-LAA ABISHIRA net
87-LAA-a Abishira 75 speakers or less in 1920's Napo river: Vacacocha lake (Puerta
Elvira)
Peru (Loreto) 1*
87-LAA-aa abishira abiquira, auishiri, agouisiri, avirxiri, abigira, ixignor, vacacocha,
tequraca
(Loreto) 1*
87-M TICUNA set
87-MA TICUNA chain
87-MAA TICUNA net
87-MAA-a Ticuna Amazon upper river: Chimbote Santo Antnio do I Peru (Loreto); Colombia
4
87-MAA-aa ticuna tikuna, tukna Peru (Loreto); Colombia
4
87-N XIRINA set
87-NA XIRINA chain
87-NAA XIRINA net
87-NAA-a Xirina distinct from [87] Ninam (Xirian) Demeni+ Rio Negro tributaries Brazil (Amazonas); also Venezuela
(Amazonas)
1*
87-NAA-aa xirina Brazil (Amazonas); also Venezuela
(Amazonas frontier)
1*
87-O MUNICHE set
87-OA MUNICHE chain
87-OAA MUNICHE net
87-OAA-a Muniche 3 speakers in 1980's Paranapura river: Muniches Peru (Loreto) 1*
87-OAA-aa muniche munichi, munichino, otanave, otanabe (Loreto) 1*
87-P CAPAN+
PAUMARI* set
ARUAN, arwan, madi geographically fragmented internal
classification needs to be reviewed
87-PA CAPAN+ KULINA
chain
87-PAA CAPAN+ MADIJ
net
JAMAMADI scattered over 200,000 square miles perhaps to be
treated as two or more nets
87-PAA-a capan jamamad "proper", kapan Brazil (Amazonas) 2
87-PAA-aa 'bom-futuro' Bom Futuro Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-ab juru Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-ac pauin Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-ad mamora Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-ae cuchudua maima Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-b Tukurina Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
87-PAA-ba tucurina Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-c Arawa extinct after measles epidemic in 1877 Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-ca araua arawa (Amazonas)
87-PAA-d Pama Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
87-PAA-da pama Brazil (Amazonas)

1999 / 2000 edition
87-PAA-e Sewacu Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
87-PAA-ea sewacu Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-f Sipo Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
87-PAA-fa sipo Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-g Yuberi Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
87-PAA-ga yuberi Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-h Jarawara Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
87-PAA-ha jarawara jaruara Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-i Banaw Banaw valley Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
87-PAA-ia banaw kitiya, banav, banau, jafi Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-j Kanamanti Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
87-PAA-ja kanamanti Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-k Den Brazil (Amazonas) 2
87-PAA-ka den dan Brazil (Amazonas) 2
87-PAA-l Inauin Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
87-PAA-la inauin Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PAA-m Madij Santa Rosa river Purus upper river Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Acre; also
Amazonas)
3*
87-PAA-ma madij madija, culna, kulna, kulino, kollina, kurina, kulyna, corina (Loreto); (Acre; also Amazonas)
87-PAA-n Zuruaha* classification within this set to be confirmed Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
87-PAA-na zuruaha in [51] Portugus: indios do Coxodo community Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PB PAUMARI+ UAIAI
chain
87-PBA PAUMARI+ UAIAI
net
87-PBA-a Paumari+ Uaiai pammari Brazil (Amazonas) 2
87-PBA-aa paumar pammari Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PBA-ab curucur kurukur, purupur Brazil (Amazonas)
87-PBA-ac uaiai wayai Brazil (Amazonas)
87-Q NEREYAMA* set
87-QA NEREYAMA chain
87-QAA NEREYAMA net
87-QAA-a Nereyama Brazil (Amazonas*) 1
87-QAA-aa nereyama nerey (Amazonas*) 1
87-R PIRAH +
MATANAUI set
87-RA PIRAH +
MATANAUI chain
87-RAA PIRAH net
87-RAA-a Mra-Pirah Maici river Brazil (Amazonas) 2
87-RAA-aa mra-pirah piraha, pirah (Amazonas) 2
87-RAB MATANAUI net
87-RAB-a Matanaui place within this set to be reviewed Brazil (Amazonas) 0
87-RAB-aa matanaui matanaw, mitandu probably extinct (Amazonas) 0
87-S HIMARIMA set
87-SA HIMARIMA chain
87-SAA HIMARIMA net
87-SAA-a Himarima Tapay valley: Bacada environs Brazil (Amazonas) 1*
87-SAA-aa himarima Brazil (Amazonas) 1*
87-T KARAHAWYANA set or to be classified within 80=Caribic
87-TA KARAHAWYANA
chain
87-TAA KARAHAWYANA net
87-TAA-a Karahawyana Brazil (Amazonas) 1
87-TAA-aa karahawyana few speakers in 1980's scattered among speakers of [80] Waiwai+
Hishkaryana
Brazil (Amazonas) 1
87-U WERIDJAP +
HEWADIE set
'katukinan', 'catuquinan', 'catuquinano'
87-UA HEWADIE chain
87-UAA HEWADIE net
87-UAA-a Hewadie Purus valley: Labrea environs Brazil (Amazonas) 1
87-UAA-aa hewadie 'katawishi', 'katawixi', 'catawixi', 'catawishi', 'catauichi' Brazil (Amazonas) 1

87-UB WERIDJAP+
BENDJAP chain
# the element djap, diap, dyap =community, clan
87-UBA WERIDJAP+
CUTIADJAP net
CATUQUINA, katukina locations to be confirmed
87-UBA-a Weridjap+
Cutiadjap
in [51] Portugus: catuquina do Juta last speaker alive in 1970's
Juta river Tarauac river
Brazil (Amazonas; Acre) 1
87-UBA-aa weri-djap (Amazonas and/or Acre)
87-UBA-ab pid-djap (Amazonas and/or Acre)
87-UBA-ac cutia-djap kutia-djap (Amazonas and/or Acre)
87-UBA-ad tarauac Tarauac river (Amazonas and/or Acre)
87-UBB BENDJAP+
TXUNHUDJAP
net
CANAMAR
87-UBB-a Bendjap+
Txunhudjap
canamar, kanamar, kanamar Itacuai, Itaquai river Jutai upper
river Juru upper river
Brazil (Amazonas) 2
87-UBB-aa ben-djap Brazil (Amazonas)
87-UBB-ab txunhu-djap tshom-dyap, hon-dyap, hon-diapa, chunyua-dyap Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
87-UBB-ac tucano-djap* tucun-diapa, tucano-dyapa Brazil (Amazonas)
87-V PAPAV set
87-VA PAPAV chain
87-VAA PAPAV net
87-VAA-a Papav Taramac river Brazil (Acre) 2*
87-VAA-aa papav (Acre)

1999 / 2000 edition
88= TUPIC phylozone
covers the "wider Tupian" grouping; comprising 10 sets of
languages (= 50 outer languages) spoken or formerly spoken
by communities in Brazil and neighbouring regions of South
America, from French Guiana to northern Argentina:
88-A NHENGATU+ EMERENYN 88-B MAW+ SATER
88-C MUNDURUC+ CURUIA 88-D RAMARAMA+ ARARA
88-E MOND+ MEQUEM 88-F CARITIANA+ ARIQUEM
88-G TUPAR+ KURATEG 88-H PURUBOR
88-I AWET 88-J JURNA+ MANITSAW
At the centre of the "wider Tupian" grouping is the [88-AAI]
Tupi-Guarani net, which includes not only the modern Guarani
language, joint official language in Paraguay, but also the last
vestiges of the former "vehicular" Tupi, based originally on
coastal idioms (especially Tupinamba) and used widely in
17th and 18th century Brazil.
Argentina; Brazil; French Guiana;
Paraguay; Uruguay; formerly also
Colombia; Venezuela
6
88-A NHENGATU+
EMERENYN set
"wider" tupi+ guarani
88-AA NHENGATU+
EMERENYN chain
88-AAA EMERENYN+
GUAJ net
88-AAA-a Emerenyn emerenon, mereo, mereyo, teco, in [51] Franais: emrillon French Guiana (St.Laurent du
Maroni; Cayenne); also Brazil
(Amap)
2
88-AAA-aa emerenyn-W. Inini Tampoc rivers (St.Laurent du Maroni) 1
88-AAA-ab emerenyn-E. Campori+ Oyapock confluence perhaps extinct in Brazil (Cayenne); (Amap) 2*
88-AAA-b Oyapock+
Oyampipuku
waiampi, oiamp, oyap, oyamp, waypi, wayapi, wajapi, oyanpk,
oiumpian
French Guiana (Cayenne); Brazil
(Amap)
2
88-AAA-ba oyapock oyapock-wayampi, oyapoque-ouayampi, oiapoque Oyapock,
Oyapoque, Oiapoque middle & upper river
(Cayenne); (Amap) 2
88-AAA-baa camop Oyapock middle river (Cayenne); (Amap)
88-AAA-bab masikil Oyapock middle river (Cayenne); (Amap)
88-AAA-bac oyapock-SW. Oyapock upper river: Trois-Sauts environs (Cayenne); (Amap)
88-AAA-bb oyampi-puku amapari, amapari-wayampi, oiampi-pucu (Amap) 2
88-AAA-bba oyampi-puku-W. Kuk, Cuc river (Amap)
88-AAA-bbb oyampi-puku-E. Amapar river (Amap)
88-AAA-c Amanay Brazil (Par) 1
88-AAA-ca amanay amanaj, manaze, amanage, manaxo, manajo, amany (Par) 1
88-AAA-d Urub+ Kaapor spoken in up to 10 widely scattered villages Brazil (Maranho) 2
88-AAA-da urub (Maranho)
88-AAA-db kaapor (Maranho)
88-AAA-e Takunyap Brazil 0
88-AAA-ea takunyap (Par)* 0
88-AAA-f Guaj nomadic community Brazil (Maranho) 2
88-AAA-fa guaj ayaya (Maranho) 2
88-AAB TENETEHARA+
TAPIRAP net
88-AAB-a Tenetehara+ Temb "wider" tenetehara Brazil (Par; Maranho) 3*
88-AAB-aa acar-temb Acar-Pecqueo river Brazil
88-AAB-ab capim-temb Capim river Brazil
88-AAB-ac gurupi-temb Gurupi river Brazil 2
88-AAB-ad turiwra* turiuara Brazil 0
88-AAB-ae guajajra wazaizara, guaxare, guazazara Brazil
88-AAB-af tenetehara tenetehra "proper" Brazil
88-AAB-ag pindare Pindare river Brazil
88-AAB-ah zutiua Brazil
88-AAB-ai mearim Mearim river, suru Brazil
88-AAB-b Akuawa+ Parakan Tocantins left-bank: Itaboca falls Araguaia confluence Brazil (Par) 3
88-AAB-ba parakan parakann, parakan, parocana Xing park Brazil (Par) 2
88-AAB-bb akuawa asur, asurin-N., akwaya, in [51] Portugus: asurin do Tocantins,
assurin do Tocantins Trocar
Brazil (Par) 2
88-AAB-bc suru-tocantins suru-par, 'mudjetre', 'mudjetre-suru', in [51] Portugus: suru do
Tocantins, including akewere, aikewara So Joo do Araguaia
environs
Brazil (Par) 2

88-AAB-c Tapirap Tapirap+ Araguaia confluence Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
88-AAB-ca tapirap (Mato Grosso) 2
88-AAB-d Av ab, awana, 'ava-canoeiro', 'canoeiros', 'canoe', 'canoa' Brazil (Gois) 2
88-AAB-da av-NW. Ilha do Bananal riverine island Brazil (Gois)
88-AAB-db av-SE. Tocantins upper river Brazil (Gois)
88-AAC KAMAYUR net
88-AAC-a Kamayur Curisevo river Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
88-AAC-aa kamayur kamaiur, camaiura, kamayir (Mato Grosso) 2
88-AAD JO'E* net
88-AAD-a Jo'e Brazil (Par) 2
88-AAD-aa jo'e (Par) 2
88-AAE KAYAB+ ANAMB
net
88-AAE-a Kayab+ Maquiri Teles Pires river Brazil (Par; Mato Grosso) 2*
88-AAE-aa kayab kayab "proper", kajab, caiabi Brazil
88-AAE-ab parua Brazil
88-AAE-ac maquiri Brazil
88-AAE-b Anamb+ Awat assurin, asurin-S. Xingu tributary: Piava river Brazil (Par) 2
88-AAE-ba awat in [51] Portugus: assurin do Xingu Brazil (Par)
88-AAE-bb anamb 7 speakers in 1990's +submerged by [51] Portugus Brazil (Par)
88-AAF ARAWET net
88-AAF-a Arawet between Ipixuna Xingu rivers Brazil (Par) 2
88-AAF-aa arawet Brazil (Par)
88-AAG JUMA+ APIAC* net
88-AAG-a Juma+ Tenharim* Kagwahiv, kawaib, kagwahiva, kagwahibm, kaghwahiv, kawahib,
kawahip, kavahiva, kagwahiph Madeira river Maici river
Brazil (Amazonas; also Rondnia) 2
88-AAG-aa tenharim tenharin, tenharem, tenyarn Brazil (Amazonas)
88-AAG-ab parintintn Brazil (Amazonas)
88-AAG-ac caripuna-paran karipuna-jaci-paran distinct from [83] Jaunavo+ Pamana (Caripuna) Brazil (Amazonas)
88-AAG-ad mialt Brazil (Amazonas)
88-AAG-ae diahi jahui, giahoi Brazil (Amazonas)
88-AAG-af morerebi Brazil (Amazonas)
88-AAG-ag juma j'ma, yum, katauixi, arara nearly extinct Purus tributaries: Ipixuna
upper river Tabocal river
Brazil (Amazonas) 1
88-AAG-ah nakazeti Brazil (Amazonas)
88-AAG-ai itoehebe Brazil (Amazonas)
88-AAG-aj amondawa perhaps better treated as a separate outer-language (Rondnia)
88-AAG-b Uruewauwau Serra dos Pacas Novos highlands Brazil (Rondnia) 2*
88-AAG-ba uru-e-wauwau eru-eu-wauwau, uru-eu-wauwau, uru-eu-uau-uau (Rondnia)
88-AAG-c Tukuman+ Wirafd perhaps extinct Jiparan+ Cacoal confluence & tributaries Brazil (Rondnia) 1*
88-AAG-ca wira-fd wirofd, uirafed Riosinho+ Muqu rivers Brazil (Rondnia)
88-AAG-cb tukuman-fd Brazil (Rondnia)
88-AAG-cc paranawt paranauat, pawat, majubim Jiparan, Macado tributariesSono river Brazil (Rondnia) 0
88-AAG-d Makir Brazil (Mato Grosso) 0
88-AAG-da makir (Mato Grosso) 0
88-AAG-e Apiac Canum river Tapajos upper river Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
88-AAG-ea apiac apiake, apiak Tapajos upper river: near So Manoel confluence (Mato Grosso) 2*
88-AAH COCAMA+ OMAWA
net
+transition to [88] Nhengatu+ Abaeeme (Tupi+ Guaran)
88-AAH-a Cocama+ Cocamilla kokama+ kokamilya only elderly speakers in 1980's Putumayo
lower river Ucayali lower river Maraon+ Huallaga rivers
Peru (Loreto); also Colombia
3
88-AAH-aa cocama kokoma Colombia (Amazonas) 1
88-AAH-ab cocamilla kokamilla, pambadeque, pandequebo (Loreto)
88-AAH-ac ucayali (Loreto)
88-AAH-ad huallaga (Loreto)
88-AAH-ae xibitaona Brazil (Amazonas)
88-AAH-b Omawa+ Campeva Peru (Loreto); Brazil (Amazonas) 2*
88-AAH-ba omagua omagua-yete, umaua, agua Peru; Brazil
88-AAH-bb campeva cambeba, campeba, cambela, canga-peba, kambeba Peru; Brazil
88-AAH-bc aizuare aissuari Peru and/or Brazil
88-AAH-bd curacirari curazicari, curucicuri, curuzicari Peru and/or Brazil
88-AAH-be paguana pariana, paguara, ariana Peru and/or Brazil
88-AAH-bf yhuata* Peru and/or Brazil
88-AAH-bg anapia* macanipa Peru and/or Brazil

1999 / 2000 edition
88-AAI NHENGATU+
ABAEEME* net
TUPI+ GUARAN, "tupian"
88-AAI-a Sirion+ Jora Mamor valley Itonamas valley Madeira upper basin Bolivia (El Beni; Santa Cruz) 2*
88-AAI-aa sirion chori, churugua, curungua Bolivia
88-AAI-ab jande Bolivia
88-AAI-ac nyeoze-nee Bolivia
88-AAI-ad tirinie Bolivia
88-AAI-ae jora hora Bolivia 0
88-AAI-b Yuqui* yuki Cordillera Oriental foothills Bolivia (Santa Cruz; Cochabamba) 2
88-AAI-ba yuqui (Santa Cruz; Cochabamba) 2
88-AAI-c Pauserna+
Guaraniete
pauserna+ guarasug'we Bolivia (El Beni; Santa Cruz);
Paraguay (Boquern); also
Argentina (Formosa)
3
88-AAI-ca pauserna pau-cerne Guapor river Itnez river Bolivia (El Beni) 1*
88-AAI-cb guarani-ete guarasug'we, aae, nyanyanye, 'guarayu-ta', 'guarayu', 'guarayo';
including itatin guanacanahua #'guarayo', 'guarayu' =savage.
(Santa Cruz); (Boquern);
(Formosa)
3
88-AAI-d Ach 'guayaki' Paraguay (Alto Paran; Caaguaz) 2*
88-AAI-da ach axe, ache, 'guayak', 'guaiaqui', 'guoyagui', guayaki-ache spoken by
scattered nomadic communities or 'bands' component idioms to be
identified
Paraguay (Alto Paran; Caaguaz)
88-AAI-e Xet Brazil (Paran) 2
88-AAI-ea xet shet, seta, cheta, ar (Paran) 2
88-AAI-f Abaeeme+ Mby Guaran, tupi+ guaran-S. Bolivia; Argentina; Paraguay;
Brazil; also Uruguay
6
88-AAI-fa aba-eeme-F. "formal" guaran, "standard" guaran, "classical" guaran KParaguay; adjacent Brazil;
adjacent Argentina
6
88-AAI-fb aba-eeme-V. jopar, "vehicular" guaran, ava-e'e, ava-nye'e, aba-eem, aba-
nyeem, nhandva, karani, "urban vehicular" guaran, "hispanicised"
guaran, "paraguayan" guaran +influenced by [51] Espaol
Paraguay (Asuncin ); Argentina
(Buenos Aires ); Brazil; also
Uruguay
6
88-AAI-fc guasurango+
chiriguano
including guasurango, guasurange, 'guarayu' 2, 'guarayo' 2 Bolivia (Tarija; Chuquisaca; Santa
Cruz); Argentina (Chaco; Salta);
Paraguay (Boquern)
4
88-AAI-fca guaran-boliviano-W. "bolivian" guaran-W. Bolivia (Chuquisaca) 3
88-AAI-fcb chiriguano 'chawuncu', including "bolivian" guaran-E. Bolivia (Tarija; Chuquisaca; also
Santa Cruz); Argentina (Jujuy;
Salta); Paraguay (Boquern)
3
88-AAI-fcc tapiet andeva-NW., including tirumbae yanaigua anagua Tartagal
Laguna Negra
Paraguay (Boquern); Argentina
(Salta; Chaco); also Bolivia (Tarija)
3
88-AAI-fcd kamba camba Corumb Bolivia (Santa Cruz); Brazil (Mato
Grosso)
0
88-AAI-fce izoceo isocenio, isocenyo, izoceno, izocenio, chan community Argentina (Salta)
88-AAI-fd chiripa+ nhandeva part of ava, ava-guaran Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul;
Paran; So Paulo); Paraguay
(Alto Paran; Caaguaz; San
Pedro; Amambay; Concepcin);
Argentina (Misiones)
4
88-AAI-fda chiripa tsirip, txirip Paraguay (Alto Paran; Caaguaz;
San Pedro; Amambay;
Concepcin)
88-AAI-fdb nhandeva nandeva, andeva-SE. Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul;
Paran)
88-AAI-fdc apytare Paraguay
88-AAI-fdd apapocuva apopokuva Paraguay
88-AAI-fde taygu Paraguay
88-AAI-fe pai-tavytera pa, tavytera, tavtern, part of ava, ava-guaran Colonia Juan Carlos Paraguay (Amambay) 4
88-AAI-ff kaingw kaiw, caiw, caingua, kayova, kaiova, caiua, cayua, part of ava, ava-
guaran
Brazil (Mato Grosso; Paran); also
Paraguay; Argentina
4
88-AAI-ffa kaingw-A. Brazil
88-AAI-ffb tei Brazil
88-AAI-ffc tembeku Brazil
88-AAI-ffd pi pan, pany Brazil
88-AAI-fg mby mb, guarani-mby, mbua, mbi, "brazilian" guaran, 'bugre' last
southern vestiges of former "coastal" tupi #designation 'bugre' applied
also to [86] Kaingng & to [86] Xokleng
Argentina (Misiones); Paraguay
(Neembuc; Misiones; Itapu; Alto
Paran); Brazil (Rio Grande do
Sul; Santa Catarina; Paran; So
Paulo; Minas Gerais; Esprito
Santo)
4
88-AAI-fga mby-A. Paraguay
88-AAI-fgb tambop Brazil
88-AAI-fgc baticola Brazil

88-AAI-g Nhengatu+
Potiguara
Tupi, nhengatu, tupi+ guarani-N., "modern" tupi comprising the last
surviving idioms at the geographic extremes of a former
transcontinental lingua franca
Brazil (Amazonas; now extinct in
Paraba; formerly also
Pernambuco So Paulo);
Colombia (Vaups); Venezuela
(Guainia; Amazonas)
3
88-AAI-ga nhengatu nyengat, nheengatu, nyengatu, nyengato, waengatu, eegat, "upper
amazon" tupi-creole, including bar, barawna, barauna, barauana;
vestiges of former "vehicular" tupi, in [51] Portugus: geral, yeral,
lngua geral, lingoa geral, lngua geral amaznica (=general
Amazonian language), # nhengatu=sweet word Negro+ Vaups+
Iana upper river-basin
Brazil (Amazonas); Colombia
Vaups); also Venezuela
(Amazonas; Guainia)
3
88-AAI-gb potiguara "northeast coastal" tupi last northern vestige of former Lngua geral
amaznica extinct perhaps as late as 20th century #name apparently
derived from name of the dominant colonial language, [51] Portugus
Mamanguape environs
Brazil (Paraba) 0
88-AAI-gc tupinamba "central coastal" tupi, "old vehicular" tupi Brazil coast & inland (until
18th century)
(Pernambuco southwards and
inland)

88-AAI-gd tupinikin tupinaki Brazil (Esprito Santo) 0
88-AAI-ge tupi-S. in [51] Portugus: tup austral, lngua geral paulista (So Paulo)
88-B MAW+ SATER set
88-BA MAW+ SATER
chain
88-BAA MAW+ SATER net
88-BAA-a Maw+ Sater Andir river Urupadi river Mamura river Madeira lower river Brazil (Amazonas) 3
88-BAA-aa maw mau, mabue, andira Andira River Brazil (Amazonas)
88-BAA-ab maragua Brazil (Amazonas)
88-BAA-ac arapium Brazil (Amazonas)
88-BAA-ad satar Brazil (Amazonas)
88-C MUNDURUC+
CURUIA set
88-CA MUNDURUC+
PARI chain
88-CAA MUNDURUC+
PARI net
88-CAA-a Munduruc+ Pari Tapajs upper river Canum river Abacaxis river Madeira
lower river & tributaries
Brazil (Par; Amazonas) 3
88-CAA-aa munduruc munduruku Brazil
88-CAA-ab weidyenye Brazil
88-CAA-ac paiquize Brazil
88-CAA-ad pari Brazil
88-CAA-ae 'caras-pretas' Caras-Pretas Brazil
88-CB CURUIA+ XIPAIA
chain
88-CBA CURUIA+ XIPAIA
net
88-CBA-a Curuia+ Xipaia perhaps extinct between Iriri river Curu river Brazil (Par) 1*
88-CBA-aa curuia kuruya "proper", kuruahe, kuruaye, kurinaye, kurueye, caravare (Par)
88-CBA-ab xipaia* (Par)
88-D RAMARAMA+
ARARA set
88-DA RAMARAMA+
ITOGAPC chain
88-DAA RAMARAMA+
ITOGAPC net
88-DAA-a Ramarama+ Urum Brazil (Mato Grosso) 0
88-DAA-aa rama-rama itanga, ytang Machadinho River (Mato Grosso) 0
88-DAA-ab urum presumed extinct Tarum river (Mato Grosso) 0
88-DAA-b Itogapc Madeirinha upper river Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2*
88-DAA-ba itogapc itogapid, itogapuk, ntogapig, ntogapid Madeirinha upper river Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2*
88-DB ARARA+ URUK
chain
88-DBA ARARA+ URUK net
88-DBA-a Arara+ Uruk karo* Brazil (Acre; Rondnia) 2
88-DBA-aa arara-jiparan Jiparan river (Acre; Rondnia)
88-DBA-ab uruk (Acre and/or Rondnia)

1999 / 2000 edition
88-E MOND+ MEQUEM
set
88-EA MOND+ ARUCHI
chain
88-EAA MOND net
88-EAA-a Mond Igarape-Tanaru tributary: Apidia river perhaps extinct Brazil (Rondnia) 2*
88-EAA-aa mond sanamay, sanamai-k, sanamay-k, sanamai-ca, salami, salamai-k,
sanamay-ka, salama-i, salamaika
Brazil (Rondnia) 2*
88-EAB ARUCHI+ IKR
net
88-EAB-a Aruchi+ Ikr Jiparan river & tributaries Brazil (Rondnia; Mato Grosso) 3
88-EAB-aa aru-chi aru, aruashi (Rondnia; Mato Grosso) 1
88-EAB-ab ikr gavio-do-jiparan, gavio-do-rondnia (Rondnia) 2
88-EAB-ac digut (Rondnia and/or Mato Grosso)
88-EAB-ad suru-jiparan suru-do-rondnia, paiter (Rondnia; Mato Grosso) 2
88-EAB-ae 'cinta-larga' Cinta Larga Brazil 3*
88-EAB-af 'cabea-seca' Cabea Seca Brazil 2
88-EAB-ag zor (Rondnia and/or Mato Grosso) 2
88-EB MEQUEM* chain
88-EBA MEQUEM net
88-EBA-a Mequem assumed to be distinct from [88] Cano (Mequens); to be confirmed Brazil (Rondnia) 1
88-EBA-aa mequem mequen, muki, mekem (Rondnia) 1
88-F CARITIANA+
ARIQUEM set
88-FA CARITIANA+
CABIXIANA chain
88-FAA CARITIANA+
CABIXIANA net
88-FAA-a Caritiana Jay-Paran river Brazil (Rondnia) 2
88-FAA-aa caritiana karitiana (Rondnia) 2
88-FAA-b Cabixiana Brazil (Rondnia) 2
88-FAA-ba cabixiana kabishiana (Rondnia) 2
88-FB ARIQUEM chain
88-FBA ARIQUEM net
88-FBA-a Ariquem Brazil (Mato Grosso) 0
88-FBA-aa ariquem arikem (Mato Grosso) 0
88-G TUPAR+ KURATEG
set
88-GA TUPAR+ KURATEG
chain
88-GAA TUPAR net
88-GAA-a Tupar Branco river Brazil 1
88-GAA-aa tupar (Rondnia) 1
88-GAB CANO+ AMNIAP
net
88-GAB-a Cano+ Amniap scattered locations Brazil (Rondnia) 2
88-GAB-aa cano kano (Rondnia)
88-GAB-ab guara-tgaya guara-tegaja, koara-tira, guara-tira (Rondnia)
88-GAB-ac amniap (Rondnia)
88-GAB-ad mequens meke assumed to be distinct from [88] Mequem; to be confirmed (Rondnia)
88-GAC KEPKIRIWAT net
88-GAC-a Kepkiriwat Brazil (Rondnia) 0
88-GAC-aa kepkiriwat (Rondnia) 0
88-GAD KURATEG+
MASSAKA net
"WIDER"-MAKURAP
88-GAD-a Kurateg+ Massaka Pororoca Post & scattered locations Brazil (Rondnia) 2
88-GAD-aa kurateg makurp "proper", makurpi, macurp, macurapi (Rondnia)
88-GAD-ab massaka* (Rondnia)
88-GAE AJUR+ APICHUM
net
"WIDER"-WAYOR
88-GAE-a Ajur+ Apichum Guapore river: Pororoca Post Brazil (Rondnia) 1
88-GAE-aa ajur wayor, wayur, ayur, uaiora, wajaru (Rondnia)
88-GAE-ab apichum (Rondnia)

88-H PURUBOR set
88-HA PURUBOR chain
88-HAA PURUBOR net
88-HAA-a Purubor So Miguel headwaters Brazil (Rondnia) 1
88-HAA-aa purubor-A. purubor "proper", burubora, purobor, pumbora, puruba, in [51]
Portugus: miguelenho, migueleo
(Rondnia)
88-HAA-ab kuyubi* kujubi (Rondnia)
88-HAA-ac aur* (Rondnia)
88-I AWET set
88-IA AWET chain
88-IAA AWET net
88-IAA-a Awet Xing park: Curisevo river Brazil (Mato Grosso) 1
88-IAA-aa awet awet, aueto, auiti, arauite, arauine (Mato Grosso) 1
88-J JURNA+
MANITSAW set
88-JA JURNA+
MANITSAW chain
88-JAA JURNA+ XIPAYA
net
88-JAA-a Jurna+ Xipaya Brazil (Mato Grosso) 2
88-JAA-aa jurna yurna, iuruna, jaruna near Manitsaua-mitau mouth (Mato Grosso) 2
88-JAA-ab xipaya shipaya, chipaya Xingu river (Mato Grosso) 0
88-JAB MANITSAW+
ARUPAI net

88-JAB-a Manitsaw+ Arupai Xing upper valley: Manitsaua-Missu tributary Brazil (Mato Grosso) 0
88-JAB-aa manitsaw manitsau, mantizula, maritsaua (Mato Grosso) 0
88-JAB-ab arupai urupaya (Mato Grosso) 0

1999 / 2000 edition
89= BAHIA geozone
covers the "Northeast Brazil" reference area, composed of
sets not covered by any phylozone; comprising 11 sets of
languages (= 14 outer languages) spoken or formerly spoken
by communities in northeastern South America, in an area of
Brazil centered on Bahia:
89-A UAMO 89-B TUX
89-C PANCARAR+ CARIR* 89-D FULNI
89-E NAT 89-F CATEMBR
89-G CAMACAN 89-H CUMANAXO+ CAPOXO
89-I PURI 89-J KRENAK
89-K OTI
The indigenous languages of this reference area have now
been almost totally submerged and replaced by [51]
Portugus. Dates of extinction (assumed to be in 20
th
cent.,
but may be earlier) need to be confirmed.
Brazil
3
89-A UAMO set
89-AA UAMO chain
89-AAA UAMO net
89-AAA-a Uamo Floresta environs extinct Brazil (Pernambuco) 0
89-AAA-aa uamo wamo, um, uman, atikn, atikum (Pernambuco) 0
89-B TUX set
89-BA TUX chain
89-BAA TUX net
89-BAA-a Tux So Francisco right bank extinct Brazil (Baha) 0
89-BAA-aa tux tusha, todela (Baha) 0
89-C PANCARAR+
CARIR* notional set
pernambuco the following languages, extinct and poorly
documented, are classified within a notional set +all submerged by
[51] Portugus
89-CA PANCARAR+
PANCARAR chain

89-CAA PANCARARU+
PANCARAR net
extinct
89-CAA-a Pancarar+
Pancarar
extinct Brazil (Pernambuco; Alagoas;
Baha)
0
89-CAA-aa pancarar pankarar, pankarar, pankar, pancaru, pancar, pankaravu,
pankaroru
Brazil (Pernambuco; Alagoas) 0
89-CAA-ab pancarar pankarar (Baha) 0
89-CB CARIR+ XOC
chain
kariri+ xuco, kariri-xoc, xok-karir, xukuru+ kariri
89-CBA CARIR net
89-CBA-a Carir karir, cirir, kirir extinct, perhaps before 20
th
century Brazil (Pernambuco; Paraba;
Cear)
0
89-CBA-aa quipe kipe Brazil 0
89-CBA-ab camur kamur Brazil 0
89-CBA-ac dzubucu dzubuku Brazil 0
89-CBA-ad sabuj sapuj, "pedra-branca" #pedra branca in [51] Portugus =white
stone
Brazil 0
89-CBB XUCUR net SHUKURU
89-CBB-a Xucur Brazil (Pernambuco; Paraba) 0
89-CBB-aa xucur xukur, ichikile extinct (Pernambuco; Paraba) 0
89-CBC XOC net SHOKO
89-CBC-a Xoc Brazil (Pernambuco) 0
89-CBC-aa xoc xok extinct (Pernambuco) 0
89-D FULNI set
89-DA FULNI chain
89-DAA FULNI net
89-DAA-a Fulni Aguas Belas Brazil (Pernambuco) 3
89-DAA-aa fulni furni, forni, carnij, iat, yat (Pernambuco) 3
89-E NAT set
89-EA NAT chain
89-EAA NAT net
89-EAA-a Nat Brazil (Pernambuco; Alagoas) 0
89-EAA-aa nat extinct Brazil (Pernambuco; Alagoas) 0

89-F CATEMBR set
89-FA CATEMBR chain
89-FAA CATEMBR net
89-FAA-a Catembr Brazil (Bahia) 0
89-FAA-aa catembr katembr, mirandela extinct (Bahia) 0
89-G CAMACAN set
89-GA CAMACAN chain
89-GAA CAMACAN net
89-GAA-a Camacan Brazil (Bahia) 0
89-GAA-aa camacan ezeshio, kamakan extinct (Bahia) 0
89-H CUMANAXO+
CAPOXO set
MAXACAL
89-HA CUMANAXO+
CAPOXO chain
89-HAA CUMANAXO+
CAPOXO net
89-HAA-a Cumanaxo+ Capoxo maxacal, mashakali Umburaninha environs (near Bahia boundary) Brazil (Minas Gerais) 2
89-HAA-aa cumana-xo kumanasho, cumanasho (Minas Gerais)
89-HAA-ab mono-xo monasho, monaxo, monocho (Minas Gerais)
89-HAA-ac capo-xo kaposho (Minas Gerais)
89-HAA-ad macuni makuni, makoni (Minas Gerais)
89-I PURI set
89-IA PURI chain
89-IAA PURI net
89-IAA-a Puri Brazil (Esprito Santo; Minas
Gerais)
0
89-IAA-aa puri coroado extinct (Esprito Santo; Minas Gerais) 0
89-J KRENAK set
89-JA KRENAK chain
89-JAA KRENAK net
89-JAA-a Krenak Doce left-bank (also displaced to reservations) Brazil (Minas Gerais; also
reservations in So Paulo; Mato
Grosso; Paran)
2*
89-JAA-aa krenak aymor, 'botocudo' #term 'botocudo' applied also to [86] Xokleng (Minas Gerais; also reservations in
So Paulo; Mato Grosso; Paran
89-K OTI set
89-KA OTI chain
89-KAA OTI net
89-KAA-a Oti Brazil (So Paulo) 0
89-KAA-aa oti chavante, euchavante extinct (So Paulo) 0

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8= SOUTH-AMERICA geosector Observatoire Linguistique

Linguasphere Observatory page 569

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