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This document discusses the four fundamental forces in nature: gravitational, weak nuclear, electromagnetic, and strong nuclear forces. It provides details on each force, including their relative strengths. Gravitational forces are the weakest, while strong nuclear forces operating within atomic nuclei are the strongest. The document also lists some of the major physicists who contributed to the unification of these fundamental forces through their work and achievements.

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21 views3 pages

Study Material: View Recent Discussion On This Lesson

This document discusses the four fundamental forces in nature: gravitational, weak nuclear, electromagnetic, and strong nuclear forces. It provides details on each force, including their relative strengths. Gravitational forces are the weakest, while strong nuclear forces operating within atomic nuclei are the strongest. The document also lists some of the major physicists who contributed to the unification of these fundamental forces through their work and achievements.

Uploaded by

jashmine15
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Physical World (Physics)

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Fundamental Forces in Nature
Physics has revealed that all the orces occurrin! in dierent conte"ts arise
rom a ew undamental orces in nature# $hese undamental orces are as
ollows:
Gravitational orces
Wea% nuclear orces
&lectroma!netic orces
'tron! nuclear orces
Gravitational Forces
Pro(osed )y Newton
Force o mutual attraction is directly (ro(ortional to the (roduct o the masses*
and inversely (ro(ortional to the s+uare o the se(aration )etween them#
Wea%est orces in nature
Weak Nuclear Forces
Discovered durin! the study o the (henomenon o ,-decay in radioactivity
$hese are the orces o interaction )etween elementary (articles o short lie
times#
.)out /0
12
times stron!er than !ravitational orces
Electromagnetic Forces
Forces )etween char!ed (articles
$he movin! char!es (roduce ma!netic eects#
&lectric and ma!netic eects are inse(ara)le3 hence* the term electroma!netic#
$hese orces may )e attractive or re(ulsive#
&lectrostatic orces are /0
45
times stron!er than !ravitational orces#
6(erate over small distances#
Strong Nuclear Forces
$hese orces )ind the neutrons and (rotons to!ether in dierent nuclei#
'hort ran!e orces (o(erate within the distances o the order o /0
7/8
m)
'tron!est orces in nature3 /0
49
times stron!er than !ravitational orces
.ttractive in nature
Unification of Forces
S.
No
Name of Physicist Achievement in Unification
. :saac Newton ;niied terrestrial and celestial mechanics
!. <ans Christian 6ersted
&lectric and ma!netic (henomena 7
electroma!netism
". =ames Cler% >a"well
;niied electricity* ma!netism and o(tics3 showed
that li!ht is an electroma!netic wave
#.
'heldon Glashow* .)dus
'alam* 'teven Wein)er!#
Wea% nuclear orce and the electroma!netic orce
can )e viewed as dierent as(ects o electro-wea%
orce
$.
Carlo Ru)ia* 'imon
Vander >eer
Veriied e"(erimentally the (redictions o the
theory o electro-wea% orce#

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chandanroy%%$...
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ma%e me clear a)out nuclear orces
.nswer
Meiko
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4 days* ? hours a!o
Please e"(lain in more detail a)out )eta-decay#
.nswer
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(student)
2 days a!o
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so&myacyrus...
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2 days a!o

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>ore###

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