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09 Hilbert Spaces

Hilbert spaces are vector spaces with an inner product that are complete with respect to the norm defined by the inner product. They are useful for studying concepts like Fourier analysis and quantum mechanics. Some examples of Hilbert spaces include the space of complex vectors Cn with the inner product defined as the sum of the products of corresponding entries, the space of finite energy complex functions L2(R) with the inner product defined as the integral of the product of the two functions, and the space of square-summable sequences l2(Z) with the inner product defined as the sum of the products of corresponding sequence entries.

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69 views2 pages

09 Hilbert Spaces

Hilbert spaces are vector spaces with an inner product that are complete with respect to the norm defined by the inner product. They are useful for studying concepts like Fourier analysis and quantum mechanics. Some examples of Hilbert spaces include the space of complex vectors Cn with the inner product defined as the sum of the products of corresponding entries, the space of finite energy complex functions L2(R) with the inner product defined as the integral of the product of the two functions, and the space of square-summable sequences l2(Z) with the inner product defined as the sum of the products of corresponding sequence entries.

Uploaded by

Krsto Prorokovic
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Connexions module: m10840

Hilbert Spaces

Justin Romberg
This work is produced by The Connexions Project and licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0

Abstract
This module will provide an introduction to the concepts of Hilbert spaces.

1 Hilbert Spaces
A vector space S with a valid inner product1 dened on it is called an inner product space, which is also
a normed linear space. A Hilbert space is an inner product space that is complete with respect to the
norm dened using the inner product. Hilbert spaces are named after David Hilbert2 , who developed this
idea through his studies of integral equations. We dene our valid norm using the inner product as:
k x k=

(1)

< x, x >

Hilbert spaces are useful in studying and generalizing the concepts of Fourier expansion, Fourier transforms,
and are very important to the study of quantum mechanics. Hilbert spaces are studied under the functional
analysis branch of mathematics.
1.1 Examples of Hilbert Spaces

Below we will list a few examples of Hilbert spaces3 . You can verify that these are valid inner products at
home.
For Cn ,

< x, y >= y x =

y0

y1

...

yn1

x0

x1

n1
X

xi yi
=

i=0

..
.

xn1
Space of nite energy complex functions: L2 (R)
Z
< f, g >=

f (t) g (t)dt

Version

2.7: Dec 26, 2013 4:28 pm -0600

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

1 "Inner Products" <http://cnx.org/content/m10755/latest/>


2 http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Hilbert.html
3 "Hilbert Spaces" <http://cnx.org/content/m10434/latest/>

http://cnx.org/content/m10840/2.7/

Connexions module: m10840

Space of square-summable sequences: `2 (Z)


< x, y >=

X
i=

http://cnx.org/content/m10840/2.7/

x [i] y [i]

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